only arabtex.tex is runtime; mail from Arash Esbati, 07 May 2021 11:16:40

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@59124 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

10 files changed, 1537 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/arabtex-doc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/arabtex-doc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7fcd116a628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/arabtex-doc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+\documentclass[pagesize=auto]{scrartcl}
+
+\usepackage{fixltx2e}
+\usepackage{xspace}
+\usepackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{mflogo}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage{array}
+\usepackage{booktabs}
+\usepackage{microtype}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+\newcommand*{\ArabTeX}{Arab\kern-0.12em\TeX\@\xspace}
+\newcommand*{\meta}[1]{\textlangle\textsl{#1}\textrangle}
+\newcommand*{\symb}[1]{\textsf{\textlangle#1\textrangle}}
+
+\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{%
+  \def\ArabTeX{ArabTeX\xspace}%
+  \def\meta#1{<#1>}%
+  \def\symb#1{<#1>}%
+}
+
+\newenvironment{codetable}[1]{%
+  \catcode`\"=12
+  \catcode`\'=12
+  \catcode`\`=12
+  \catcode`\_=12
+  \catcode`\^=12
+  \catcode`\~=12
+  \par
+  \nopagebreak
+  \medskip
+  \noindent
+  \quitvmode
+  \tabular{@{}*{\numexpr#1-1\relax}{I@{\qquad}}I@{}}%
+}{%
+  \endtabular
+  \par
+  \medskip
+}
+
+\newcolumntype{I}{>{\ttfamily}r@{\hspace{0.6em}}l}
+
+\title{The \ArabTeX package}
+\author{Klaus Lagally}
+\date{20.11.1993}
+
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\section{\ArabTeX Version~3 (20.11.1993)}
+
+The introduction below is slightly out of date 
+but may be used as a first start.
+
+
+\section{\ArabTeX Version~2 (05.11.1992)}
+
+\subsection{What is \ArabTeX?}
+
+\ArabTeX is a package extending the capabilities of \TeX/\LaTeX\ to generate 
+the arabic writing from an ASCII transliteration for texts in several 
+languages using the arabic script. 
+
+It consists of a \TeX\ macro package and an arabic font in several sizes,         
+presently only available in the Naskhi style. \ArabTeX will run with Plain 
+\TeX\ and also with \LaTeX; other additions to \TeX\ have not been tried. 
+
+\ArabTeX is primarily intended for generating the arabic writing, but the 
+scientific transcription can be also easily generated. For other languages 
+using the arabic script limited support is available. 
+
+
+\subsection{Installing \ArabTeX:}
+
+The installation procedure is system dependent. You have to install the 
+``\textsf{nash14}'' font with its ``\texttt{*.pk}'' and ``\texttt{*.tfm}'' files on the font search path of 
+your \TeX\ system, and the ``\texttt{*.sty}'' files and ``\texttt{arabtex.tex}'' on the source 
+search path of your system. Possibly you will have to rename the ``\texttt{*.pk}'' 
+files according to local conventions, and as a last resort you can try to 
+recreate the font from the ``\texttt{*.mf}'' \MF\ sources. Additional fonts if 
+available are installed analogously.
+
+
+\subsection{Activating ArabTeX:}
+
+With Plain \TeX, load the ArabTeX macros by ``\verb+\input arabtex+''.\@ With \LaTeX, 
+include the option ``\texttt{arabtex}'' in the document header. In both cases several 
+additional files will be loaded automatically. 
+
+\ArabTeX defines several additional commands as indicated below, and also a
+large number of internal commands which could lead to storage overflow in
+a small TeX implementation. All internal commands contain an ``at'' sign \texttt{<@>}
+in their names and thus should not interfere with any user defined 
+commands (but possibly with \TeX\ extensions we do not know about). 
+
+With Plain \TeX, the arabic font is only available at the normal 14~point 
+size which ought to cooperate well with the ``\textsf{cm}'' fonts at 10~points. For 
+other sizes, change the ``\verb+\magnification+'' or define additional font 
+identifiers yourself. To change the default, inspect ``\texttt{arabtex.tex}'' and 
+redefine the ``\verb+\pnash+'' command accordingly. With \LaTeX, the size changing 
+commands will also operate on the arabic font.
+
+
+\subsection{Input to ArabTeX:}
+
+After activating \ArabTeX, your modified \TeX/\LaTeX\ system will recognize 
+the following items:
+%
+\begin{itemize}
+\item normal \TeX/\LaTeX\ text and commands,
+\item short arabic quotations bracketed by \verb+<+ and \verb+>+; these must fit on one 
+  line of output, and you have to select one of the Arabic writing styles,
+  e.g \verb+\setarab+, before using this feature. A quotation may also be started
+  with \verb+\<+.
+\item longer arabic texts bracketed by \verb+\begin{arabtext}+ and \verb+\end{arabtext}+,
+  called ``Arabic Environments'' in the sequel.
+\end{itemize}
+
+An Arabic Environment consists of one or several paragraphs separated by 
+blank lines or \verb+\par+ commands. Every paragraph and every arabic quotation 
+is a sequence of the following kinds of items, separated by blank spaces 
+or newlines: 
+%
+\begin{itemize}
+\item isolated (legal) special characters, interpreted as the corresponding 
+  arabic special character; 
+\item ``numbers'', character sequences starting with a digit. A ``number'' will be 
+  translated in the normal writing sequence from left to right even if it 
+  contains letters and/or special characters;
+\item ``arabic quotes'', coded as two left quotes or two right quotes each;
+\item ``words'', character sequences starting with a letter or special character 
+  followed by a letter. The (coded) characters of a word will in the 
+  output be arranged from right to left. 
+\item \TeX/\LaTeX\ control sequences WITHOUT parameters. These will be executed 
+  immediately. 
+\item \ArabTeX control sequences with or without parameters. These will be
+  executed immediately.
+\item a sequence of items enclosed in curly braces \verb+{+ and \verb+}+. The output from 
+  the constituents will be arranged from right to left and must fit on one 
+  output line. As far as \TeX\ is concerned, this is NO group. This feature 
+  may not be nested. 
+\end{itemize}
+
+Output from all items will be arranged from right to left, lines will be 
+broken as necessary. 
+
+Inside an Arabic Environment, but NOT in an arabic quotation, you may also 
+have: 
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item short mathematical insertions, bracketed by SINGLE \verb+$+ signs. They must 
+  fit on one output line and are processed as usual; 
+\item short non-arabic text quotations, bracketed by \verb+<+ and \verb+>+. These must fit 
+  on one output line and introduce a new level of grouping, so if they 
+  contain any \TeX/\LaTeX\ assignments the effects of these will be local.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Control sequences in an Arabic Environment may be of the following kinds:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \ArabTeX option changing commands. These may also be used outside an 
+  Arabic Environment and generally have a global effect; 
+\item \verb+\\+ for a new line;
+\item \verb+\par+ (or a blank line) for a new paragraph, \verb+\noindent+ for a new paragraph 
+  without indentation (NOT in arabic quotations);
+\item \verb+\emphasize+ \meta{item} will put a bar over the next \meta{item};
+\item \verb+\setnash+, \verb+\setnashbf+, \verb+\setnastaliq+ font selection commands, see below;
+\item size changing \LaTeX\ commands like \verb+\large+ etc., only if you use \LaTeX;
+\item most other \TeX/\LaTeX\ commands make no sense in an Arabic Environment.
+\item you MUST NOT nest another \LaTeX\ environment inside an Arabic Environment
+  (except possibly display math which we did not test, and might work);
+\item if you really need to use a control sequence with parameters, define a 
+  new \TeX\ macro or enclose the whole construct in curly braces \verb+{+ and \verb+}+. 
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsection{Font selection:}
+
+For space economy, only the \textsf{Naskh} font is available by default. With \LaTeX, 
+additional fonts can be loaded by the document style options ``\texttt{nashbf}'' 
+and/or ``\texttt{nastaliq}'' (when available). Users of Plain \TeX\ can load and define 
+suitable fonts themselves.
+
+The following font selection commands are available:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \verb+\setnash+ (default) selects the \textsf{Naskh} font.
+\item \verb+\setnashbf+ selects a bold-face version of \textsf{Naskh}.
+\item \verb+\setnastaliq+ selects the \textsf{Nastaliq} font.
+\end{itemize}
+
+If a font is not available or has not been loaded, the corresponding 
+command will select the default font.
+
+With \LaTeX, the size changing commands will also operate on the additional 
+fonts.
+
+
+\subsection{Input coding:}
+
+The ASCII input notation for arabic text is modelled closely after the 
+transliteration standards ISO/R\,233 and DIN\,31\,635. As these standards do 
+not guarantee unique re-transliteration and are also not ASCII compatible, 
+some modifications were necessary. These follow the general rules: 
+%
+\begin{itemize}
+\item if the transliteration uses a single letter, code that letter;
+\item if the transliteration uses a letter with a diacritical mark, put a 
+  special character similar to the diacritical mark BEFORE the letter. 
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Additional characters generally available:}
+
+\begin{codetable}{6}
+  b  & bah  & d  & dal   & .s & ssad  & f & fah  & h & hah & '  & hamza           \\
+  t  & tah  & _d & dhal  & .d & ddad  & q & qaf  & w & waw & N  & tanween         \\
+  _t & thah & r  & rah   & .t & ttah  & k & kaf  & y & yah & Y  & alif maqsoura   \\
+  ^g & geem & z  & zay   & .z & tthah & l & lam  & g & gaf & _A & alif maqsoura   \\
+  .h & hhah & s  & seen  & `  & `ain  & m & meem & p & pah & T  & tah marbouta    \\
+  _h & khah & ^s & sheen & .g & ghain & n & noon & v & vah & W  & waw (see below)
+\end{codetable}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Standard arabic and persian characters:}
+
+\begin{codetable}{1}
+  c  & hhah with hamza                 \\
+  ^c & gim with three dots (below)     \\
+  ,c & khah with three dots (above)    \\
+  ^z & zay with three dots (above)     \\
+  ~n & kaf with three dots (Ottoman)   \\
+  ~l & law with a bow accent (Kurdish) \\
+  ~r & rah with two bows (Kurdish)
+\end{codetable}
+
+See also ``Urdu'' and ``Pashto'' below.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Additional coding rules:}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item For long vowels, use capital letters \verb+A+, \verb+I+, \verb+U+, or \verb+_a+, \verb+_i+, \verb+_u+.
+\item As the transliteration is ambiguous, use \verb+T+ for \symb{tah marbouta}, 
+  \verb+N+ for \symb{tanween}, \verb+Y+ or \verb+_A+ for \symb{alif maqsoura}.
+\item Short vowels \verb+a+, \verb+i+, \verb+u+ need not generally be written except in the 
+  following cases:
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item at the beginning of a word where they generate \symb{alif}, 
+  \item adjacent to \symb{hamza} where they will influence the carrier, 
+  \item when the transcription is wanted, 
+  \item in \verb+\fullvocalize+ mode. 
+  \end{itemize}
+\item \symb{hamza} is denoted by a single RIGHT quote; its carrier will be 
+  determined from the context according to the rules for writing arabic 
+  words. If that is not wanted, ``quote'' it (see below). 
+\item \symb{`ain} is a single LEFT quote, don't confuse it with \symb{hamza}!
+\item \symb{madda} is generated by a right quote (\symb{hamza}) before \verb+A+: \verb+'A+.
+\item The ``invisible letter'' \verb+|+ may be inserted in order to break unwanted 
+  ligatures and to influence the \symb{hamza} writing. It will not show in the 
+  arabic output or in the transcription. 
+\item \symb{tashdid} is indicated by doubling the appropriate letter.
+\item The article is always written \verb+al-+ (with hyphen!).
+\item Hyphens \verb+-+ may be used freely, and generally do not change the writing, 
+  but will show up in the transcription. At the beginning and the end of a 
+  word they enforce the use of the connection form of the adjacent letter 
+  (if it exists), like e.g. in the date \verb+1400 h-+. 
+\item A double hyphen \verb+--+ between two otherwise joining letters will break 
+  any ligature and will insert a horizontal stroke (\symb{tatweel}, \symb{kashida}) 
+  without appearing in the transcription. It may be used repeatedly. 
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsection{Quoting:}
+
+A double quote \verb+"+ will modify the meaning of the following character as 
+follows: 
+%
+\begin{itemize}
+\item if a short vowel follows, the appropriate diacritical mark \symb{fatha}, 
+  \symb{kasra}, \symb{damma} will be put on the preceding character even if the
+  vocalization is off otherwise. If \verb+N+ follows the short vowel, the 
+  appropriate form of \symb{tanween} will be generated instead. At the 
+  beginning of a word, \symb{alif} is assumed as the first character. If the 
+  previous word ended with a vowel, \symb{wasla} is generated instead of the 
+  vowel indicator. 
+\item if the following character is a single right quote, a \symb{hamza} mark will 
+  be put on the preceding character even if in conflict with the \symb{hamza} 
+  rules. 
+\item if the following character is the ``invisible letter'' \verb+|+, the connection 
+  between the adjacent letters will be broken and a small space inserted.
+\item otherwise: a \symb{sukun} will be put on the preceding character. The 
+  following character will be processed again.
+\end{itemize}
+%
+The double quote will not show up in the transcription.
+
+
+\subsection{Ligatures:}
+
+There is no way to explicitly indicate ligatures as a large number of them 
+are generated automatically. Any unwanted ligature can be suppressed by 
+interposing the invisible letter \verb+|+ between the two letters otherwise 
+combined into a ligature. After ``\verb+\ligsfalse+'' ligatures in the middle of a 
+word will not normally be produced; for some texts this looks better. You 
+can return to the normal strategy by ``\verb+\ligstrue+''. 
+
+
+\subsection{Vocalization:}
+
+There are three modes of rendering short vowels:
+%
+\begin{labeling}{\texttt{\string\fullvocalize}:}
+\item[\texttt{\string\fullvocalize}:]
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item every short vowel will generate the corresponding diacritic mark 
+    \symb{fatha}, \symb{kasra}, \symb{damma}. 
+  \item If \verb+N+ follows a short vowel, the corresponding form of \symb{tanween} is 
+    generated instead.
+  \item \verb+_a+ will produce a \symb{qur'an alif} accent instead of an explicit 
+    \symb{alif} character which is coded \verb+A+. 
+  \item if a long vowel follows a consonant, the corresponding short vowel is 
+    implied. The long vowel itself carries no diacritical mark.
+  \item if no vowel is given after a consonant, \symb{sukun} will be generated 
+    except if a double ``sun letter'' follows \symb{lam}. 
+  \item \symb{alif} at the beginning of a word carries \symb{wasla} instead of the vowel 
+    indicator if the preceding word ended with a vowel.
+  \end{itemize}
+\item[\texttt{\string\vocalize}:] as above, but \symb{sukun} and \symb{wasla} will not be generated except 
+  if explicitly indicated by ``quoting''.
+\item[\texttt{\string\novocalize}:] no diacritics will be generated except if explicitly asked for 
+  by ``quoting''.
+\end{labeling}
+%
+In all modes, a double consonant will generate \symb{tashdid}, and \verb+'A+ always 
+generates \symb{madda} on \symb{alif}. After \verb+aN+ the silent \symb{alif} character is 
+generated if necessary. The silent \symb{alif} may also be explicitly indicated 
+by \verb+aNa+ or \verb+aNA+, or coded literally as \verb+A+ in \verb+\novocalize+ mode. If a 
+silent \symb{alif maqsoura} is wanted instead, write \verb+aNY+, \verb+aN_A+, \verb+Y+ or \verb+_A+. 
+A silent \symb{alif} after \symb{waw} is indicated by \verb+Ua+, \verb+UA+ or \verb+Wa+, \verb+WA+ (with 
+a capital \verb+W+!).
+
+
+\subsection{Transcription:}
+
+In addition to the arabic writing, the standard scientific transcription 
+may also be obtained from a fully vocalized input text. This is indicated 
+by ``\verb+\transtrue+'' and may be switched off again by ``\verb+\transfalse+''. If ONLY 
+the transcription is wanted, you can deactivate the arabic writing by 
+``\verb+\arabfalse+''; it can be reactivated by ``\verb+\arabtrue+''. If both modes are 
+active their output will be interleaved line by line. 
+
+The transcription mode assumes that the input text is in the Arabic 
+language and has been coded according to the rules given above. For words 
+from other languages the transcription might be in error. For Arabic text, 
+the following special cases are handled:
+%
+\begin{itemize}
+\item after the article, a double consonant will be assimilated; 
+\item an initial vowel will be omitted if the preceding word ended with a 
+  vowel. If that is not wanted start with \symb{hamza}. 
+\item a silent \symb{alif} or \symb{alif maqsoura} after \verb+N+ (\symb{tanwin}) and \verb+U+ is 
+  omitted in the transcription. The same happens after \symb{waw} if it is 
+  written \verb+W+. 
+\end{itemize}
+
+For space economy, the transcription module is NOT loaded by default. If 
+you want to use it, add the style option ``\texttt{atrans}'' with \LaTeX; and with 
+Plain \TeX, say ``\verb+\input atrans.sty+''.
+
+
+\subsection{Support for other languages:}
+
+\ArabTeX is primarily intended for writing texts in classical and modern 
+Arabic, but it also provides limited support for several other languages 
+that are customarily written in the arabic alphabet. The vocalization and 
+the transcription cannot generally be expected to be correct, but might 
+work by accident. 
+
+In order to switch to the conventions for one of these languages, say 
+``\verb+\setfarsi+'', ``\verb+\seturdu+'', ``\verb+\setpashto+'', ``\verb+\setmaghribi+''; ``\verb+\setarab+'' is the 
+default and can also be used to switch back to the arabic conventions. 
+
+
+\subsubsection{Farsi, Dari:}
+
+All characters needed for writing Farsi are available by default. The 
+short vowels \verb+e+ and \verb+o+ are mapped to \symb{i} and \symb{u}, the long vowels \verb+E+ 
+and \verb+O+ to \symb{I} and \symb{U}. 
+
+The \symb{izafet} connection may be written literally, which may look awkward 
+in the case of \verb+h"'+, or always as \verb+-i+ (with hyphen); then the correct 
+spelling will be determined from the context. Likewise the \symb{yah-i-wahdat} 
+can always be written \verb+-I+. 
+
+The final \symb{yah} carries no dots.
+
+Farsi uses the Nasta`liq font if available.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Ottoman:}
+
+see Farsi. 
+
+
+\subsubsection{Kurdish:}
+
+see Farsi.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Urdu:}
+
+The additional characters in Urdu are coded as follows:
+%
+\begin{codetable}{1}
+  h  & always denotes the ``two-eyed \symb{hah}''                            \\
+  ,h & the ``wavy'' \symb{hah} letter                                        \\
+  ,t & \symb{tah} with a small \symb{ttah} accent                            \\
+  ,d & \symb{dal} with a small \symb{ttah} accent                            \\
+  ,r & \symb{rah} with a small \symb{ttah} accent                            \\
+  .n & \symb{noon} without a dot (modifies a preceding vowel)                \\
+  E  & \symb{yah bari} in the final position, otherwise mapped to \symb{yah} \\
+  O  & mapped to \symb{U}
+\end{codetable}
+
+The short vowels \verb+e+ and \verb+o+ are mapped to \symb{a} and \symb{u}.
+
+\emph{Note:} Some of the given codings also occur in Pashto but with a different 
+meaning, see below. 
+
+Urdu uses the Nasta`liq font if available.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Pashto:}
+
+The additional characters for Pashto are coded as follows:
+%
+\begin{codetable}{1}
+  ,t  & \symb{tah} with a small loop                             \\
+  ,d  & \symb{dal} with a small loop                             \\
+  ,r  & \symb{rah} with a small loop                             \\
+  .n  & \symb{noon} with a small loop                            \\
+  g   & \symb{gaf} is written with a small loop instead of a bar \\
+  ,z  & \symb{rah} with one dot above and one below              \\
+  ,s  & \symb{sin} with one dot above and one below              \\
+  e   & like \symb{a}, with a \symb{zwarakay} mark if vocalized  \\
+  e'i & \symb{yah} with \symb{hamza}                             \\
+  E   & \symb{yah} with two dots below aligned vertically        \\
+  Ey  & \symb{yah} written with a final stroke                   \\
+  o   & mapped to \symb{u}                                       \\
+  O   & mapped to \symb{U}                                       \\
+  w"' & \symb{hamza} on \symb{waw}                               \\
+  h"' & \symb{hamza} on \symb{hah}
+\end{codetable}
+
+The \symb{qur'an alif} accent is not available for Pashto.
+
+The rules for \symb{izafet} and \symb{yah-i-wahdat} apply. 
+
+Note: Some of the given codings also occur in Urdu but with a different 
+meaning, see above. For writing some words in the Urdu style, write the
+command \verb+\seturdu+ and afterwards switch back to the Pashto conventions by 
+\verb+\setpashto+.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Maghribi:}
+
+This is just a different writing convention. \symb{fah} is written with one dot 
+below the letter, \symb{qaf} with one dot above the normal letter form of 
+\symb{fah}. The three dots of \symb{vah} are put below the letter. Otherwise like 
+Arabic.
+
+
+\subsection{Miscellaneous features:}
+
+As \ArabTeX is slow, it will produce some terminal output while running 
+to indicate it is still alive. If that is not wanted, say ``\verb+\quiet+'' or 
+``\verb*+\tracingarab = 0 +'' (outside an Arabic Environment). ``\verb*+\tracingarab = 1 +'' 
+will report arabic paragraphs, a value of 2: arabic lines and insertions,   
+a value of 3 or more: individual items. 
+
+Whether \symb{yah} in the final position carries dots or not depends on the 
+chosen language convention. You can override this by ``\verb+\yahdots+'' and 
+``\verb+\yahnodots+''. 
+
+To reproduce erroneous or archaic texts exactly as they are, the 
+following additional codings are available:
+%
+\begin{codetable}{1}
+  .k & \symb{kaf} in final position without a diacritical mark         \\
+  .f & \symb{fah} without a dot                                        \\
+  .b & \symb{bah} without a dot                                        \\
+  .n & \symb{noon} without a dot (not available for Pashto)            \\
+  Y  & \symb{alif maqsoura}, \symb{yah} without dots in all positions. \\
+\end{codetable}
+
+
+\subsection{How to move from Version 1 to Version 2}
+
+Version 2 is not fully compatible with Version 1; however, moving to the 
+new version should cause little problems, and is recommended as version 1 
+is no longer supported. Apart from some extensions, most changes were 
+introduced in order to better conform to the transliteration standards, 
+and to have less compatibility problems with \TeX\ and \LaTeX. Further 
+versions are expected to be upward compatible if no grave bugs turn up. 
+
+The main differences between versions 1 and 2 are:
+%
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The font size has increased, so the document layout may change. The old 
+  font can no more be used.
+\item Some arabic characters are now coded differently: \symb{`ain} is denoted by a 
+  left quote, and \verb+c+, \verb+^z+, \verb+^t+, and \verb+.n+ denote different characters 
+  from what they did before. This was changed in order to better conform 
+  to the standard transliteration. 
+\item There are a lot more ligatures than before. This normally need not 
+  concern the user.
+\item \verb+\vocalize+ will no more generate \symb{sukun} and \symb{wasla} except if explicitly 
+  indicated by quoting. See \verb+\fullvocalize+.
+\item Arabic Environments are always bracketed by the new control sequences\\ 
+  \verb+\begin{arabtext}+ and \verb+\end{arabtext}+ even if only the transcription is 
+  wanted. 
+\item Short arabic quotations are now bracketed by \verb+\<+ and \verb+>+ so \verb+<+ has its 
+  standard \TeX\ meaning. 
+\end{itemize}
+
+We recommend converting existent input files to the new notation. If that 
+is impractical in special cases, the \LaTeX\ option ``\texttt{oldarabtex}'' and/or the 
+command ``\verb+\oldarabtex+'' will switch back to most of the old conventions (and 
+problems). This shortcut will probably go away in some future version. 
+
+
+\subsection{Acknowledgments:}
+
+The development of \ArabTeX would not have been possible without the 
+assistance of many people. Apart from my local team, helpful advice came 
+among others from Wolfdietrich Fischer, Ahmed El-Hadi, Abdelsalam Heddaya, 
+Iqbal Khan, Tom Koornwinder, Eberhard Krueger, Asif Lakehsar, Jan Lodder, 
+Richard Lorch, Eberhard Mattes, and Bernd Raichle. I also have to thank 
+the many people who sent bug reports and comments.
+
+
+\subsection{Please send bug reports, suggestions and inquiries to the author:}
+
+\noindent
+Prof. Klaus Lagally\\
+Institut fuer Informatik\\
+Universitaet Stuttgart\\
+Breitwiesenstrasse 20--22\\
+D-70565 Stuttgart \\
+GERMANY
+
+\medskip
+\noindent
+\texttt{lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de}
+
+\bigskip
+\noindent
+\textbf{Copyright \textcopyright\ 1990--1993, Klaus Lagally}
+
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/arwindoc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/arwindoc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..58f6e0e7a18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/arwindoc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+% arwindoc.tex
+% 9 Apr 1997
+% 
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{arabtex}
+
+\begin {document}
+
+
+\begin{table}[htbp]
+\begin{center}
+\novocalize \setarab
+\small \tabcolsep 4.5pt
+
+\def \sun {% sun symbol
+\unitlength 0.2em
+\begin{picture}(4,4)(-1.4,-1.2)
+\put(0.6,0.2){\circle{1.6}}
+\put(+1.0,+1.0){.}  \put(+1.0,-1.0){.}
+\put(-1.0,-1.0){.}  \put(-1.0,+1.0){.}
+\put(+0.8,+0.8){.}  \put(+0.8,-0.8){.}
+\put(-0.8,-0.8){.}  \put(-0.8,+0.8){.}
+\end{picture}}
+
+\def \mc #1{\multicolumn{2}{c|}{#1}}
+
+
+\begin{tabular}
+{|c||@{}c@{}|@{}c@{}|c|@{}c@{}|@{}c@{}|c|c|c|c|c|c|@{}c@{}|c|c|c|c|@{}c@{%
+\vrule height 15pt depth 9pt width 0pt}||}
+\hline
+   & 00& 01& 02&\mc{03}&04&05 &06&07&08&09&10&11&12&  13  &  14   &  15 \\
+\hline
+\hline
+00 &NUL&DLE&SP &0& \<0> &@& P & ` & p && &NSP& & & \<_d> &  & \<|B"aN> \\
+\hline
+01 &SOH&DC1&!  &1& \<1> &A& Q & a & q &&&\<,> && \<-'>  & \<r>  & \<l> & \<|B"uN> \\
+\hline
+02 &STX&DC2&"  &2& \<2> &B& R & b & r &&&&& \<'A>  & \<z>  &   & \<|B"iN> \\
+\hline
+03 &ETX&DC3&\# &3& \<3> &C& S & c & s &&&&& \<'a>  & \<s>  & \<m>  & \<|B"a> \\
+\hline
+04 &EOT&DC4&\$ &4& \<4> &D& T & d & t &&&&&\<w"'>& \<^s> & \<n>  &       \\
+\hline
+05 &ENQ&NAK&\% &5& \<5> &E& U & e & u &&&&& \<'i>  & \<.s> &  \<h> & \<|B"u> \\
+\hline
+06 &ACK&SYN&\& &6& \<6> &F& V & f & v &&&&& \<Y"'->& \<.d> & \<w>  & \<|B"i>  \\
+\hline
+07 &BEL&ETB& ' &7& \<7> &G& W & g & w &&&&& \<a>   &  &   &  \\
+\hline
+08 &BS &CAN& ) &8& \<8> &H& X & h & x &&&&& \<b>   & \<.t> &   & \<|BB>  \\
+\hline
+09 &HT &EM & ( &9& \<9> &I& Y & i & y &&&&& \<T>   & \<.z> &   &   \\
+\hline
+10 &LF &SUB&$*$&\mc{:}  &J& Z & j & z &&&&\<;>& \<t>   & \<`> &  &  \<|B"> \\
+\hline
+11 &VT &ESC&$+$&\mc{;}  &K&\verb"]"&k&\verb"}"&&&&&\<_t>&\<.g>& &  \\
+\hline
+12 &FF &IS4& , &\mc{$>$}&L&\verb"\"&l&\verb"|"&&&& &\<^g>&\<B|B|B> & \<Y> & \\
+\hline
+13 &CR &IS3&$-$&\mc{$=$}&M&\verb"["&m&\verb"{"&&&SHY& &\<.h>& \<f> & \<y> & \\
+\hline
+14 &SO &IS2& . &\mc{$<$}&N&\verb"^"&n&\verb"~"& & & & &\<_h>&\<q>&  & \\
+\hline
+15 &SI &IS1& / &\mc{?}  &O&\verb"_"&o&  &  & & & \<?> &\<d> &\<k>&  &DEL\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+%\caption{MS Windows with arabic support code table}\label{awin}
+\caption{MS Arabic Windows code table (CP 1256)}\label{awin}
+\end{table}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+The file \verb"arabwin.sty" contains a reading module for the
+{\em MS-Windows with arabic support} code.
+It is installed by the \LaTeX\ option \verb"arabwin"
+or by \verb"\input arabwin.sty".
+The module is activated by \verb"\setcode {arabwin}";
+all following Arabic text will be considered to be coded according to
+the {\em MS-Windows with arabic support} standard.
+The ArabTeX notation may be reactivated by \verb"\setcode {arabtex}".
+                                                  \index{code!MS-Windows}
+                                                  \index{MS-Windows}
+                                                  \index{code!8-bit}
+                                                  \index{\setcode{arabwin}}
+                                                  \index{\setcode{arabtex}}
+
+The {\em MS-Windows with arabic support} code (see Table \ref{awin})
+is an 8-bit code closely related both to 7-bit ASCII; 
+whereas the lower 128 positions are identical to
+ASCII (ISO 646), some of the upper 128 positions contain the Arabic characters
+plus additional graphic and control characters.
+                                                  \index{code!ASCII}
+
+We reuse the ASMO 449
+reading routines, after suitable modification of the input. 
+This only works correctly if the input text does not contain 
+genuine ASCII letters, as we
+project the Arabic characters onto their locations in ASMO 449. 
+Please note that only the characters that appear in Table \ref{awin}
+are correctly processed.
+Some of the code switching messages in the log file are spurious; 
+do not worry.
+
+The notes on vowelization and transliteration of ASMO 449 apply also.
+
+The driver file indicated for ASMO 449 will be usable after the
+obvious modifications; however, your \TeX\ installation must be
+capable of processing 8-bit data input.
+This is nowadays usually the case; otherwise you can try to
+locally find some utility program that will strip the highest order bit
+off the characters in your file, and process the result via ASMO 449.
+
+\end  {document}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% EOF %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/guha.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/guha.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4096938839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/guha.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+\documentstyle[12pt,arabtex,atrans,nashbf]{article}
+\sloppy
+%\parskip = 5mm
+\frenchspacing
+\pagestyle{empty}
+\begin{document}
+
+\setarab \transtrue
+\setnashbf \Large
+% Anekdoten
+\centerline {<nawAdiru>}
+
+% Juha und die 10 Esel
+
+\normalsize
+\transtrue
+\centerline {<^gu.hA wa-.hamIruhu al-`a^saraTu>}
+
+\setnash
+\begin{arabtext}
+i^starY ^gu.hA `a^saraTa .hamIriN.
+fari.ha bihA wa-sAqahA 'amAmahu,
+_tumma rakiba wA.hidaN minhA.
+wa-fI al-.t.tarIqi `adda .hamIrahu wa-huwa rAkibuN,
+fa-wa^gadahA tis`aTaN.
+_tumma nazala wa-`addahA fa-ra'AhA `a^saraTuN fa-qAla: 
+
+'am^sI wa-'aksibu .himAraN,
+'af.dalu min 'an 'arkaba wa-'a_hsara .himAraN.
+\end{arabtext}
+
+\bigskip
+
+% das Kind und die Trommel
+
+\setnashbf
+\centerline {<al-waladu wa-al-.t.tablu>}
+
+\setnash
+\begin{arabtext}
+
+.talaba waladuN min 'abIhi 'an ya^stariya lahu .tablaN .sa.gIraN.
+fa-rafa.da al-wAlidu, wa-qAla lahu: yA bunayya,
+law-i i^staraytu laka .tablaN fa-sawfa tuza`i|^gunA bi-.sawtihi.
+
+qAla al-waladu: lA ta.g.dab yA 'abI. 
+lA 'u.tabbilu bihi, 'illA wa-'anta nA'imuN.
+\end{arabtext}
+
+\rm
+\vfill \today
+\end{document}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/hebtex.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/hebtex.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..50324fd946b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/hebtex.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% hebtex.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% hebtex.tex
+% version 3.11
+% Plain TeX loader for ArabTeX, Hebrew mode
+% 08.09.2003
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% (c) Klaus Lagally              EMail:  lagallyk@acm.org
+%     Institut fuer Formale
+%       Methoden der Informatik  TEL:    +49-711-7816-392
+%     Universitaet Stuttgart     FAX:    +49-711-7816-370
+%     Universitaetsstrasse 38
+%     D-70569 Stuttgart          INFO: arabtex@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+% of the LaTeX Project Public License distributed from CTAN
+% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+% version 1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% \input this file at the beginning of an ArabTeX input file running 
+% under Plain TeX. This is an adaptation by Tom Koornwinder of 
+% Jan Lodder's file arab.plain.tex, again modified by Klaus Lagally
+% and modified again to switch to Hebrew mode
+% 16.09.2001
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\message { Plain TeX Hebrew setup for ArabTeX }
+
+\input arabtex.tex 	% load the ArabTeX package
+
+\makeatletter 
+\a@ident {hebtex.tex} {3.11 Plain TeX Hebrew loader for ArabTeX} {08.09.2003}
+
+%\def \pheb {\hebfont }
+
+\iffalse
+\input hebtex.sty	% load the Hebrew extension
+\input apatch.sty	% load any patches
+\input hepatch.sty	% load any patches
+\fi
+
+% commands for font selection:
+
+\font \hclassic = hclassic \relax	% fix em and ex
+		\fontdimen5\hclassic =.8\fontdimen2\hclassic
+		\fontdimen6\hclassic =3\fontdimen5\hclassic
+\font \hcaption = hcaption \relax	% fix em and ex
+		\fontdimen5\hcaption =.8\fontdimen2\hcaption
+		\fontdimen6\hcaption =3\fontdimen5\hcaption
+		\fontdimen1\hcaption =.2pt \relax
+						
+\def \hc {\sethebfont {\hclassic}}
+\def \hp {\sethebfont {\hcaption}}
+
+\all@wcmd \hc	\all@wcmd \hp		% allow these in Hebrew context
+
+\font \jerusalem = jerusalem \relax	
+\font \Jerusalem = Jerusalem \relax	
+\font \OldJaffa = OldJaffa \relax	
+\font \DeadSea = DeadSea \relax	
+\font \TelAviv = TelAviv \relax	
+
+\def \jm {\sethebfont {\jerusalem}}
+\def \Jm {\sethebfont {\Jerusalem}}
+\def \oj {\sethebfont {\OldJaffa}}
+\def \ds {\sethebfont {\DeadSea}}
+\def \ta {\sethebfont {\TelAviv}}	% add others as required
+
+\all@wcmd \ds	\all@wcmd \oj	\all@wcmd \jm	\all@wcmd \ta	\all@wcmd \Jm	
+
+\font \smold = shlm_old \relax	
+		\fontdimen5\font =\fontdimen2\font 
+\def \shlmold {\sethebfont {\smold}}
+
+\font \smscr = shlm_scr \relax	
+		\fontdimen5\font =\fontdimen2\font 
+\def \shlmscr {\sethebfont {\smscr}}
+
+\font \smstk = shlm_stk \relax	
+		\fontdimen5\font =\fontdimen2\font 
+\def \shlmstk {\sethebfont {smstk}}
+
+\all@wcmd \shlmold 	\all@wcmd \shlmscr 	\all@wcmd \shlmstk 
+
+\def \fr   {\sethebfont {fr}}
+\def \frbx {\sethebfont {frbx}}
+\def \frsl {\sethebfont {frsl}}
+
+\all@wcmd \fr  		\all@wcmd \frbx		\all@wcmd \frsl
+
+\def \crml {\sethebfont {crml10}% fix ex
+		\fontdimen5\font =\fontdimen2\font } 
+\def \crmlsl {\sethebfont {crmlsl10}% fix ex
+		\fontdimen5\font =\fontdimen2\font }
+
+\all@wcmd \crml		\all@wcmd \crmlsl
+%\makeatother
+
+\input hebtex.sty	% load the Hebrew extension
+\input apatch.sty	% load any patches
+\input hepatch.sty	% load any patches
+
+\hc 		% define a default Hebrew font		choose one !
+%\jm 		% define a default Hebrew font
+%\ds 		% define a default Hebrew font
+%\ta 		% define a default Hebrew font
+%\oj 		% define a default Hebrew font
+%\hp 		% define a default Hebrew font
+%\shlmold 	% define a default Hebrew font
+%\shlmscr 	% define a default Hebrew font
+%\shlmstk 	% define a default Hebrew font
+%\fr  		% define a default Hebrew font
+%\frbx		% define a default Hebrew font
+%\frsl		% define a default Hebrew font
+%\crml		% define a default Hebrew font
+%\crmlsl	% define a default Hebrew font
+
+\sethebrew		% switch to Hebrew mode
+\makeatother
+
+\endinput
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% EOF %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/kashmiri.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/kashmiri.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cea343cf025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/kashmiri.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{arabtex}
+\usepackage{kashmiri}
+
+%\advance \topsep -10mm
+%\advance \textwidth 10mm
+%\advance \textheight 10mm
+\parindent 0pt
+\parskip 2mm
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{document}
+\setkashmiri
+
+\title{Kashmiri in Arab\TeX} 
+\author {Klaus Lagally}
+%\date {}
+\maketitle
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\makeatletter
+%\urd@false
+
+\begin{table}[tbph]
+\begin{center}
+\Large \tt 
+\def <#1>{\<#1> &{\arabfalse \transtrue \<#1>}}
+\begin{tabular}{||c|c|c||c|c|c||c|c|c||c|c|c||}
+\hline
+a 	&<a>	&d	&<d>	&.d	&<.d>	&m	&<m>	\\
+b	&<b>	&,d	&<,d>	&.t	&<.t>	&n	&<n>	\\
+p	&<p>	&\_d	&<_d>	&.z	&<.z>	&w	&<w>	\\
+t	&<t>	&r	&<r>	&`	&<`>	&,h	&<,h>	\\
+,t	&<,t>	&,r	&<,r>	&.g	&<.g>	&y	&<y>	\\
+\_t	&<_t>	&z	&<z>	&f	&<f>	&h	&<h>	\\
+j	&<j>	&\^{}z	&<^z>	&q	&<q>	&E	&<E>	\\
+\^{}c	&<^c>	&s	&<s>	&k	&<k>	&'	&<|'>	\\
+.h	&<.h>	&\^{}s	&<^s>	&g	&<g>	&T	&<T>	\\
+\_h	&<_h>	&.s	&<.s>	&l	&<l>	&.y	&<B.yB>	\\
+\hline
+a	&<B|BaB>&i	&<B|BiB>&u	&<B|BuB>&.o	&<B.o>	\\
+A	&<BA>	&I	&<BIB>	&U	&<BU>	&.O	&<B.O>	\\
+.a	&<B|B.aB>&.u	&<B|B.uB>&o	&<Bo>	&e	&<BeB>	\\
+.A	&<B.A>	&.U	&<B|B.UB>&O	&<BO>	&E	&<BEB>	\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\rm
+\caption{The Kashmiri Alphabet}
+\label{codes}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\bigskip
+
+There is a new experimental Arab\TeX\ language module {\tt kashmiri.sty}
+for processing Kashmiri texts in the extended Perso-Arabic script.
+This mode works only with Arab\TeX\ version 3.08g or later versions,
+and requires the font ``xnash14''. 
+
+To activate Kashmiri mode, 
+load the module by \verb+\input{kashmiri.sty}+ 
+(or else \verb+\usepackage{kashmiri}+ with \LaTeX2e),
+and select the language by \verb+\setkashmiri+.
+Kashmiri input texts are encoded in a modification of the
+standard \ArabTeX\ encoding.
+
+The input codes and the default transcription are given 
+in Table~\ref {codes} on page~\pageref {codes}.
+The transcription follows the ALA-LC romanization conventions.
+
+Comments on the encoding and the transcription are welcome.
+Kashmiri mode might later
+become part of the \ArabTeX\ system proper;
+in that case explicit loading of the module will no more be necessary.
+
+\iffalse
+%\bigskip
+%Notes:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\itemsep 0pt
+\item 
+This is a preliminary version solely
+intended for inspection, experiments, evaluation, and suggestions.
+The final version may differ in details, depending on feedback
+by the users.
+
+\item
+Use hyphens to resolve ambiguities with aspired consonants.
+
+\item 
+If the new font is not available,
+the ``wide letter kaf'' is missing.
+We temporarily substitute an ordinary letter kaf with four dots,
+which does not exist, but should be conspicuous enough.
+%Once the font will have been extended, the substitute should disappear.
+
+\item
+Tanween works as expected: \verb+miN+ <miN> , \verb+'|iN+ <'|iN> .
+
+\item 
+The user may want to break some ligatures by inserting a vertical bar,
+to get the correct writing, or just for a better appearance of the script.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+\fi
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\bigskip
+
+{Klaus Lagally\\
+Institut f\"ur Informatik\\
+Breitwiesenstra\ss e 20--22\\
+D-70565 Stuttgart\\
+GERMANY\\
+\tt mailto:lagallyk@acm.org}
+%\date{August 06, 1997}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\end{document}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/ligtable.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/ligtable.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6fa941521b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/ligtable.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Tabelle aller Zeichenverbindungen
+% Stand 27.01.1992
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentstyle[arabtex]{article}
+\pagestyle{myheadings}
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+\parskip=5mm
+\parindent=0mm
+\setarab
+
+\begin{document}
+{\huge \bf Arab\TeX\ Ligatures \hfil \today }
+\markright{Arab\TeX\ Ligatures \hfil \today }
+
+\novocalize
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newdimen \fw             \newcount \nf
+
+\def \tableformat #1*{% Tabellenformat berechnen
+% columns
+\fw \hsize \advance \fw -3pt \relax
+\nf 1
+\ctfd #1,\end
+\divide \fw \nf }
+
+\def \ctfd #1,#2\end{% Felder zaehlen
+\advance \nf 1
+\ifx #2\relax \relax \let \next \relax
+\else \def \next {\ctfd #2\end }%
+\fi \next }
+
+\def \enter #1\end {% Element eintragen
+\hbox to \fw {\hss <#1>\hss }%
+}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def \tableline #1*#2*#3*#4*{% eine Zeile eintragen
+% beg row columns end
+%\hrule
+%\leavevmode
+%\hrule
+\hbox {%
+\ifx #2A\enter -a#4\end \else
+\enter -#2#4\end
+\fi
+\vrule
+\addtoline #1*#2*#3,*#4*%
+}
+%\hrule
+\typeout{#2 * #3}% Statusmeldung
+}
+
+\def \addtoline #1*#2*#3,#4*#5*{% Tabellenelemente eintragen
+% beg row column columns end
+\ifx #2A\enter #1#3#2#5\end
+\else \enter #1#3a#2#5\end
+\fi
+\ifx #4\relax \relax \let \next \relax
+\else \def \next {\addtoline #1*#2*#4*#5*}%
+\fi \next }
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newif \ifcon
+
+\def \testcon #1#2*{% pruefe ob verbindbar
+\contrue
+\ifx #1A\confalse \else
+\ifx #1E\confalse \else
+\ifx #1d\confalse \else
+\ifx #1r\confalse \else
+\ifx #1z\confalse \else
+\ifx #1w\confalse \else
+\ifx #1_\ifx #2d\confalse \fi \else
+\ifx #1^\ifx #2z\confalse \fi \else
+\ifx #2\relax \relax \else
+\testcon #2*%
+\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi }
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def \addlines #1*#2*#3*#4*{% Zeilenblock aufbauen
+% beg rows columns end
+\addrow #1*#2,*#3*#4*}
+
+\def \addrow #1*#2,#3*#4*#5*{% Zeilen eintragen
+% beg row rows columns end
+\ifx #5\relax \relax \contrue 
+  \tableline #1*#2*#4*#5*% eine Zeile
+\else \testcon #2*%
+  \ifcon
+  \tableline #1*#2*#4*#5*% eine Zeile
+  \fi
+\fi
+\ifx #3\relax \relax \let \next \relax
+\else \def \next {\addrow #1*#3*#4*#5*}% weiter
+%  \ifcon \\
+%  \fi
+\fi \next }
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def \ligtab #1*#2*#3*#4*{% Tabelle ausgeben
+% beg rows columns end
+{\offinterlineskip \tableformat #3*% Format aufbauen
+\leavevmode
+\tableline #1*-*#3**% Kopfzeile eintragen
+\hrule
+%\tracingmacros = 1 %
+\addlines #1*#2*#3*#4*% Tabellenrumpf eintragen
+\tracingmacros = 0 %
+}}
+
+\def \ligtable #1#2{% alle Tabellen
+% rows columns
+\expandafter \ligtabi #2*#1*}
+
+\def \ligtabi #1*#2*{% erstes Argument explizit
+% columns rows
+\expandafter \ligtabii #2*#1*}
+
+\def \ligtabii #1*#2*{% beide Argumente explizit
+% rows columns
+
+%Anfangsform -- Endform
+initial form to final form
+
+\ligtab *#1*#2**%
+
+%Mittelform -- Endform
+medial form to final form
+
+\ligtab -*#1*#2**%
+
+\newpage
+%Anfangsform -- Mittelform
+initial form to medial form
+
+\ligtab *#1*#2*-*%
+
+\newpage
+%Mittelform -- Mittelform
+medial form to medial form
+
+\ligtab -*#1*#2*-*%
+}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def \crow {A,p,_t,^c,_h,_d,^z,^s,.d,.z,.g,q,k,l,m,n,h,w,y,E,%
+lA,p^c,m^c,h^c,hm,py,pm,hE}
+
+\def \ccol {p,_t,^c,^s,.d,.z,.g,q,k,l,m,h}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\huge
+\Huge
+\Large
+
+\ligtable \crow \ccol
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\tracingmacros=0
+\end{document}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/malay.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/malay.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..52ccf788625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/malay.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{arabtex}
+
+\parindent 0pt
+\parskip 2mm
+
+\advance \textwidth 10mm
+\advance \textheight 10mm
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+
+\makeatletter
+\def \({\a@verb}
+\makeatother
+
+\begin{document}
+\title{Old Malay in Arab\TeX} 
+\author
+{Klaus Lagally\\
+Institut f\"ur Informatik\\
+Breitwiesenstra\ss e 20--22\\
+D-70565 Stuttgart\\
+GERMANY\\
+\tt mailto:lagallyk@acm.org
+}
+\date{August 06, 1997}
+\maketitle
+
+\setmalay
+%\vocalize
+
+\vspace*{-05mm}
+There is a new Arab\TeX\ language mode, \verb+\setmalay+,
+for processing Old Malay texts in the extended Arabic writing.
+
+This mode works only with Arab\TeX\ version 3.06 or later.
+
+Old Malay input texts are encoded in a modification of the
+standard \ArabTeX\ encoding, see below.
+
+This language mode is strictly experimental
+and expected to contain many errors.
+Please report your experience and suggestions 
+for changes and improvements to the author.
+
+Additional encodings (note the variants):
+
+\begin{center}
+\Large
+\begin{tabular}{|cc|c|}
+\hline
+\verb+p+	&		&<p> \\
+\verb+g+	&		&<g> \\
+\verb+v+	& 		&<v> \\
+\verb+ng+	&\verb+~g+	&<ng>\\
+\verb+ny+	&\verb+~n+	&<ny>\\
+\verb+c+	&\verb+^c+	&<c> \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/omar.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/omar.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..77378979b03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/omar.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+\documentstyle[12pt,arabtex]{article}
+\parindent=0pt \textheight=25cm \pagestyle{empty}
+\begin{document}
+\null \vskip -2cm
+\setfarsi \novocalize \Large
+%
+\begin{arabtext}
+gUyand kasAn behe^st bA .hUr _hO^s ast \\
+man mIgUyam keh 'Ab-i angUr _hO^s ast \\
+In naqd begIr wa-dast az 'An nesiyeh bedAr \\
+k-'AwAz-i dohol ^sanIdan az dUr _hO^s ast. \\
+<\hskip 4cm> *** \\
+%
+dUrI keh dar 'Amadan wa-raftane mAst \\
+U-rA neh nehAyat neh bedAyat peydAst \\
+kas mI nazand damI darAyn ma`n-I rAst \\
+kAyn 'Amadan az ko^gA wa-raftan ze ko^gAst! \\
+<\hskip 4cm> *** \\
+%
+asrAr-i azal rA neh tO dAnI wa-neh man \\
+wa-yan .harf-i mo`ammA neh tO dAn-I wa-neh man \\
+hast az pase pardeh goftogU-i man wa-tO \\
+^cUn pardeh bar uftad, neh tO mAn-I wa-neh man. \\
+<\hskip 4cm> *** \\
+%
+yek ^cand beh kUdak-I beh ostAd ^sodIm \\
+yek ^cand ze ostAd-I _hOd ^sAd ^sodIm \\
+pAyAn-i so_han ^senow keh mA-rA ^ceh rasId \\
+^cUn 'Ab bar'AmadIm wa-^cUn bAd ^sodIm. \\
+<\hskip 4cm> *** \\
+%
+`umar-i _hayyAm
+%
+\end{arabtext}
+%
+\testoutput
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/sindhi.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/sindhi.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dbd81133861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/sindhi.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{arabtex}
+\usepackage{atrans}
+\advance \topsep -10mm
+\advance \textwidth 10mm
+\advance \textheight 10mm
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{Sindhi in Arab\TeX} 
+\author
+{Klaus Lagally\\
+Institut f\"ur Informatik\\
+Breitwiesenstra\ss e 20--22\\
+D-70565 Stuttgart\\
+GERMANY\\
+\tt mailto:lagallyk@acm.org}
+\date{August 06, 1997}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\setsindhi
+
+There is a new Arab\TeX\ language mode, \verb+\setsindhi+,
+for processing Sindhi texts in the extended Arabic writing.
+
+This mode works only with Arab\TeX\ version 3.06 or later 
+and requires an updated version of the font ``nash14''. 
+These conditions are checked, if \LaTeX2$\varepsilon$ is used.
+For Plain \TeX\ there are no checks.
+
+To activate the Sindhi mode, select the language by \verb+\setsindhi+.
+Sindhi input texts are encoded in a modification of the
+standard \ArabTeX\ encoding.
+The alphabet is given in Table~\ref {codes}.
+
+For the use of the encoding, see Table~\ref {examples}.
+It contains all Sindhi letters, 
+together with their input encoding and a typical example of use.
+For every line the external notation is also given.
+
+%\bigskip
+%Notes:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\itemsep 0pt
+\item 
+This is a preliminary version solely
+intended for inspection, experiments, evaluation, and suggestions.
+The final version may differ in details, depending on feedback
+by the users.
+
+\item
+Use hyphens to resolve ambiguities with aspired consonants.
+
+\item 
+If the new font is not available,
+the ``wide letter kaf'' is missing.
+We temporarily substitute an ordinary letter kaf with four dots,
+which does not exist, but should be conspicuous enough.
+%Once the font will have been extended, the substitute should disappear.
+
+\item
+Tanween works as expected: \verb+miN+ <miN> , \verb+'|iN+ <'|iN> .
+
+\item 
+The user may want to break some ligatures by inserting a vertical bar,
+to get the correct writing, or just for a better appearance of the script.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{table}[tbp]
+\begin{center}
+\large 
+\Large 
+\tt 
+\def <#1>{\<#1> &{\arabfalse \transtrue \<#1>}}
+\begin{tabular}{||c|c|c||c|c|c||c|c|c||c|c|c||}
+\hline
+a	&<a>	&\~{}n	&<~n>	&z	&<z>	&kh	&<kh>	\\
+b	&<b>	&\^{}c	&<^c>	&s	&<s>	&g	&<g>	\\
+:b	&<:b>	&\^{}ch	&<^ch>	&\^{}s	&<^s>	&:g	&<:g>	\\
+bh	&<bh>	&.h	&<.h>	&.s	&<.s>	&gh	&<gh>	\\
+t	&<t>	&\_h	&<_h>	&.d	&<.d>	&:n	&<:n>	\\
+th	&<th>	&d	&<d>	&.t	&<.t>	&l	&<l>	\\
+,t	&<,t>	&dh	&<dh>	&.z	&<.z>	&m	&<m>	\\
+,th	&<,th>	&:d	&<:d>	&`	&<`>	&n	&<n>	\\
+\_s	&<_s>	&,d	&<,d>	&.g	&<.g>	&,n	&<,n>	\\
+p	&<p>	&,dh	&<,dh>	&f	&<f>	&w	&<w>	\\
+j	&<j>	&\_d	&<_d>	&ph	&<ph>	&,h	&<,h>	\\
+%:j	&<:j>	&r	&<r>	&q	&<q>	&'|	&<'|>	\\
+:j	&<:j>	&r	&<r>	&q	&<q>	&h	&<h>	\\
+jh	&<jh>	&,r	&<,r>	&k	&<k>	&y	&<y>	\\
+\hline
+a	&<B|BaB>&e	&<B|BeB>&i	&<B|BiB>&o	&<B|BoB>\\
+u	&<B|BuB>&A	&<BA>	&E	&<BE>	&I	&<BI>	\\
+O	&<BO>	&U	&<BU>	&ae	&<Bae>	&ao	&<Bao>	\\
+i	&<i>	&\_A	&<B_A>	&'A	&<'A>	&'a	&<'a>	\\
+'i	&<'i>	&'y	&<'y>	&'w	&<'w>	&'|	&<'|>	\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\rm
+\caption{The Sindhi Alphabet}
+\label{codes}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{table}[htbp]
+\large
+\begin{arabtext}
+\showtrue
+1: \hfill a <a> anbu \hfill b <b> badaka 
+\hfill :b <:b> :bilI \hfill bh <bh> bhOli,rO
+
+2: \hfill t <t> ti:di \hfill th <th> thIlihI 
+\hfill ,t <,t> ,tOplO \hfill ,th <,th> ,thUn,thi
+
+3: \hfill _s <\_s> _samara \hfill p <p> pakhO 
+\hfill j <j> jahAzu \hfill :j <:j> :jibha
+ 
+4: \hfill jh <jh> jihrkI \hfill ~n <\~{}n> :ja~na 
+\hfill ^c <\^{}c> ^can,du \hfill ^ch <\^{}ch> ^cha,tI
+
+5: \hfill .h <.h> .huqO \hfill _h <\_h> _ha:tu 
+\hfill d <d> daru \hfill dh <dh> dhuka.ra
+
+6: \hfill :d <:d> :dOlu \hfill ,d <,d> ,dAkha 
+\hfill ,dh <,dh> ,dha:gI \hfill _d <\_d> _da_hIrO
+
+7: \hfill r <r> rIla \hfill ,r <,r> bagha,ru 
+\hfill z <z> zAla \hfill s <s> sijju
+
+8: \hfill ^s <\^{}s> ^sInhun \hfill .s <.s> .sUfu 
+\hfill .d <.d> .da`Ifu \hfill .t <.t> .tO.tO
+
+9: \hfill .z <.z> .zAlimu \hfill ` <`> `aynaka 
+\hfill .g <.g> .gAlI^cO \hfill f <f> fawjI
+
+10: \hfill ph <ph> phUhArO \hfill q <q> qalamu 
+\hfill k <k> kutO \hfill kh <kh> kha,ta
+
+11: \hfill g <g> ga:dahu \hfill :g <:g> :gayrO 
+\hfill gh <gh> ghO,rO \hfill :n <:n> si:na
+
+12: \hfill l <l> la.ga,ru \hfill m <m> ma^chI 
+\hfill n <n> nAngu \hfill ,n <,n> wa,nu
+
+13: \hfill w <w> wA:jO \hfill h <h> hAthI 
+\hfill '| <\tt '|> '| \hfill y <y> yakO
+\end{arabtext}
+\caption {Examples for the use of the Sindhi Alphabet}
+\label{examples}
+\end{table}
+
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/uighur.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/uighur.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..772647bdd3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/arabtex/uighur.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+%\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{arabtex}
+
+\parindent 0pt
+\parskip 2mm
+
+\advance \textwidth 20mm
+\advance \textheight 20mm
+%\pagestyle{empty}
+
+\makeatletter
+\def \({\a@verb}
+\makeatother
+
+\begin{document}
+\title{Uighuric in Arab\TeX} 
+\author
+{Klaus Lagally\\
+Institut f\"ur Informatik\\
+Breitwiesenstra\ss e 20--22\\
+D-70565 Stuttgart\\
+GERMANY\\
+%\verb+mailto:lagallyk@acm.org+
+\tt mailto:lagallyk@acm.org
+}
+\date{August 06, 1997}
+\maketitle
+
+\setuighur 
+\vocalize
+
+There is a new Arab\TeX\ language mode, \verb+\setuighur+,
+for processing Uighuric texts in the extended Arabic writing.
+
+This mode works only with Arab\TeX\ version 3.06 or later.
+
+Uighuric input texts are encoded in a modification of the
+standard \ArabTeX\ encoding, see
+column~5 of the Table.
+Please observe that in Uighuric all characters are coded verbatim.
+
+This language mode is strictly experimental
+and expected to contain errors.
+Please report your experience and suggestions 
+for changes and improvements to the author.
+% at \verb+mailto:lagallyk@acm.org+
+
+\newpage
+\parskip 0pt
+
+\begin{center}
+Arab\TeX\ encoding of Uighuric
+\end{center}
+
+\parbox[t]{75mm}{%
+\null
+\begin{tabular}{|r|cccc@{ = }c@{ (}c@{)
+ \vrule width0pt height13pt depth10pt}l|}
+\hline
+  & 1 	& 2 	& 3 	& 4 	& 5 	& 6  & 7 \\
+\hline
+01& 	& 	& <Ba>	& <a>	&\(a> 	& 01 & a \\
+02& 	& 	& <B:a>	& <:a> 	&\(:a> 	& 02 & \"a \\
+03& 	& 	& <Bd>	& <d> 	&\(d> 	& 09 & de \\
+04& 	& 	& <Br>	& <r> 	&\(r> 	& 10 & re \\
+05& 	& 	& <Bz>	& <z> 	&\(z> 	& 11 & ze \\
+06& 	& 	& <B^z>	& <^z> 	&\(^z> 	& 12 & \v ze \\
+07& 	& 	& <Bo>	& <o> 	&\(o> 	& 25 & o \\
+08& 	& 	& <B:o>	& <:o> 	&\(:o> 	& 27 & \"o \\
+09& 	& 	& <Bu>	& <u>	&\(u> 	& 26 & u \\
+10& 	& 	& <B:u>	& <:u>	&\(:u> 	& 28 & \"u \\
+11& 	& 	& <Bw>	& <w>	&\(w> 	& 29 & we \\
+12&<bB>	&<BbB> 	& <Bb>	& <b>	&\(b> 	& 03 & be \\
+13&<pB>	&<BpB> 	& <Bp>	& <p>	&\(p> 	& 04 & pe \\
+14&<tB>	&<BtB> 	& <Bt>	& <t>	&\(t> 	& 05 & te \\
+15&<nB>	&<BnB> 	& <Bn>	& <n>	&\(n> 	& 23 & ne \\
+16&<jB>	&<BjB> 	& <Bj>	& <j>	&\(j> 	& 06 & je \\
+17&<^cB>&<B^cB>	& <B^c>	& <^c>	&\(^c> 	& 07 & \v ce \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}}\hfil
+\parbox[t]{75mm}{%
+\null
+\begin{tabular}{|r|cccc@{ = }c@{ (}c@{)
+ \vrule width0pt height13pt depth10pt}l|}
+\hline
+  & 1 	& 2 	& 3 	& 4 	& 5 	& 6  & 7 \\
+\hline
+18&<xB>	&<BxB>	& <Bx>	& <x>	&\(x> 	& 08 & xe \\
+19&<iB>	&<BiB>	& <Bi>	& <i>	&\(i> 	& 31 & i \\
+20&<eB>	&<BeB>	& <Be>	& <e>	&\(e> 	& 30 & e \\
+21&<yB>	&<ByB>	& <By>	& <y>	&\(y> 	& 32 & y \\
+22&<sB>	&<BsB>	& <Bs>	& <s>	&\(s> 	& 13 & se \\
+23&<^sB>&<B^sB>	& <B^s>	& <^s>	&\(^s> 	& 14 & \v se \\
+24&<^gB>&<B^gB>	& <B^g>	& <^g>	&\(^g> 	& 15 & \v ge \\
+25&<fB>	&<BfB>	& <Bf>	& <f>	&\(f> 	& 16 & fe \\
+26&<qB>	&<BqB>	& <Bq>	& <q>	&\(q> 	& 17 & qe \\
+27&<kB>	&<BkB>	& <Bk>	& <k>	&\(k> 	& 18 & ke \\
+28&<~nB>&<B~nB>	& <B~n>	& <~n>	&\(~n>	& 20 & $\eta$e \\
+29&<gB>	&<BgB>	& <Bg>	& <g>	&\(g> 	& 19 & ge \\
+30&<lB>	&<BlB>	& <Bl>	& <l>	&\(l> 	& 21 & le \\
+31&<mB>	&<BmB>	& <Bm>	& <m>	&\(m> 	& 22 & me \\
+32&<hB>	&<BhB>	& <Bh>	& <h>	&\(h> 	& 24 & he \\
+33&<'B>	&<B'B>	& 	& 	&\('> 	&  & \\
+34&	&	& <Bl"A>& <l"A>	&\(la> 	&  & \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}}
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\itemsep 0pt
+\item initial shape
+\item medial shape
+\item final shape
+\item isolated shape
+\item external encoding
+\item sorting position
+\item name
+\end{enumerate}
+
+%\vfill \today
+\end{document}