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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2011-01-04 18:15:39 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2011-01-04 18:15:39 +0000 |
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parent | 2e9a288be91ea1e0ed18a091898c1e92251be9cb (diff) |
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/acmtrans/acmtr2e.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/acmtrans/acmtr2e.pdf Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index dc70cf0de85..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/acmtrans/acmtr2e.pdf +++ /dev/null diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/acmtrans/acmtr2e.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/acmtrans/acmtr2e.tex deleted file mode 100644 index f6dd45ba738..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/acmtrans/acmtr2e.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1000 +0,0 @@ -% acmtr.tex -% revised 1/20/97 -% $Header: acmtr.tex,v 1.5 2/14/96 11:07:57 boyland Exp $ - -\documentclass[hyperref]{acmtrans2e} -\usepackage[pdfmark]{hyperref} - -%&t&{\tt #}& -%&v&\verb|#|& - -\newcommand{\BibTeX}{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em - T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}} - -\firstfoot{ACM Transactions on Document Formatting, - Vol.\ 8, No.\ 1, January 1999, Pages \pages.} - -\runningfoot{ACM Transactions on Document Formatting, - Vol.\ 8, No.\ 1, January 1999.} - -\markboth{Leslie Lamport et al.}{Preparing Articles for the ACM Transactions} - -\title{Preparing Articles for the ACM Transactions -with \LaTeX} -\author{LESLIE LAMPORT\\Digital Equipment Corporation\\ -ANDREW W. APPEL\\Princeton University \and -JOHN TANG BOYLAND\\University of California, Berkeley} -\begin{abstract} -The \LaTeX\ {\tt acmtrans} document style formats articles in -the style of the ACM transactions. Users who have prepared their -document with \LaTeX\ can, with very little effort, produce -camera-ready copy for these journals. -%Then the ACM production department -%will re-typeset from scratch anyway, introducing typographical errors. -\end{abstract} - -\category{D.2.7}{Software Engineering}{Distribution and Main\-ten\-ance}% -[documentation] - -\category{H.4.0}{Information Systems Applications}{General} - -\category{I.7.2}{Text Processing}{Document Preparation}[languages \and - photocomposition] - -\terms{Documentation, Languages} - -\keywords{Document preparation, publications, typesetting} - -\begin{document} - -\setcounter{page}{111} - -\begin{bottomstuff} -Author's address: L. Lamport, System Research Center, -Digital Equipment Corporation, 130 Lytton Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94301.\newline -Start of a second footnote ... -\permission -\copyright\ 1999 ACM 0164-0925/99/0100-0111 \$00.75 -\end{bottomstuff} -\maketitle - -\section{Introduction} - -This article is a description of the \LaTeX\ {\tt acmtrans} document -style for typesetting articles in the format of the ACM -transactions---{\em Transactions on Programming Languages and -Systems}, {\em Transactions on Database Systems}, etc. It has, of -course, been typeset using this document style, so it is a -self-illustrating article. The reader is assumed to be familiar -with \LaTeX, as described by~\citeN{lamport:latex}. - -This document also describes the {\tt acmtrans} bibliography style. - -\LaTeX\ is a document preparation system -implemented as a macro package in Donald Knuth's -\TeX\ typesetting system~\cite{knuth:texbook}. It is based -upon the premise that the user should describe the logical structure of -his document and not how the document is to be formatted. Formatting -is under the direction of a {\em document style} chosen by the user. -The user can dramatically change the way the document is formatted by -simply choosing a different document style. The idea of separating the -logical structure from the formatting comes from Brian Reid's {\em -Scribe\/} system~\cite{reid:scribe}. - - -It is impossible to provide predefined logical structures to handle all -situations that may arise in a document, so users must sometimes make -their own formatting decisions. \LaTeX\ provides a number of features -to assist in this task and, if necessary, the user can call upon the -full power of \TeX, which is probably the most powerful typesetting -system currently available. However, very little user formatting is -necessary for the majority of documents that appear in journals such as -the ACM transactions. Consequently, it is quite easy to convert -an existing \LaTeX\ input file to the {\tt acmtrans} style. - -\section{The Title Page} - -\subsection{The Title, Author(s), and Abstract} - -Following order is mandatory to generate a correct title page: - -\begin{verbatim} - \documentstyle{acmtrans} - \markboth{}{} - \title{} - \author{} - \begin{abstract} ... \end{abstract} - \category{}{}{} - \terms{} - \keywords{} - \begin{document} - \begin{bottomstuff} ... \end{bottomstuff} - \maketitle -\end{verbatim} - -\subsubsection{Title and Author} -The \LaTeX\ \verb|\title| and \verb|\author| declarations and the -\verb|\maketitle| command are employed as usual. However, the user -must format the author a little differently to match the ACM standard. -The following example \cite{6:1:1} illustrates most features: -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\author{JAMES E. ARCHER, JR.\\ Rational Machines - \and RICHARD CONWAY and FRED B. SCHNEIDER \\ - Cornell University} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -Note that authors' names are in uppercase letters, authors are -separated from their affiliation by a \verb|\\| command, multiple -authors with the same affiliation are separated by ``and'' (or commas -and ``and'' if there are more than two), and authors with different -affiliations are separated by an \verb|\and| command. The following -example \cite{6:3:380} shows what to do if there are more than -two affiliations: -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\author{E. KORACH \\ IBM Israel \\ - D. ROTEM \\ University of Waterloo - \and N. SANTORO \\ Carleton University} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -In both the title and the author, you may have to insert \verb|\\| -commands if lines need to be broken. - -\subsubsection{Abstract} -The abstract is typed as usual with the {\tt abstract} environment. -However, this environment must come before the \verb|\maketitle| -command. - - -\subsection{Content Indicators and Keywords} - -The content indicators and keywords are entered with \LaTeX\ -declarations. The CR categories are indicated with \verb|\category| -declarations. The first CR category of this article, appearing -right below the abstract, was entered with the following command: -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\category{D.2.7}{Software Engineering}{Distribution and - Maintenance}[Documentation] -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -Note that the last argument (which contains the subject descriptors) -is optional, since some categories have none. Multiple subject descriptors -are separated by \verb|\and| commands, as in the last category of -this article: -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\category{I.7.2}{Text Processing}{Document Preparation} - [Languages \and Photocomposition] -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -Use a separate \verb|\category| declaration for each CR category; -they will be listed in the order that the commands appear. The -\verb|\category| commands must precede the \verb|\maketitle| -command. - -The General Terms are declared with a (single) \verb|\terms| -command as in the one for this article: -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\terms{Documentation, Languages} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -The \verb|\terms| declaration must come before the \verb|\maketitle| -command. The terms {\it must} be chosen from the following list: -\begin{quote} -Algorithms; -Design; -Documentation; -Economics; -Experimentation; -Human factors; -Languages; -Legal aspects; -Management; -Measurement; -Performance; -Reliability; -Security; -Standardization; -Theory; -Verification; -\end{quote} -The general terms are -orthogonal to the Categories, at least theoretically, and so -may be applied to any elements of the classification tree. - -Think of them as `perspectives' from which any topic may -be approached. Thus you could use {\em Theory} or {\em Performance} for an -article about {\em C.2.1 Distributed Networks}. However, -some of these general terms actually slide over into -content areas. Thus {\em Legal aspects} is a general term -applicable to any category, but also an entire node in the tree, -{\em K.5}, devoted to {\em Legal aspects of computing,} with many sub-topics. - -So, though perhaps not perfect, the General Terms are most useful -in online searches when used in combination with categories. - -The ``Additional Keywords and Phrases'' item on the title page -is provided by the \verb|\keywords| declaration, {\bf listed alphabetically\/}. -For this article, -they were produced by the following command: -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\keywords{Document preparation, publications, typesetting} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -There is no prescribed list of ``additional keywords;'' use any that -you want. - -\subsection{The Bottom of the Title Page} - -The bottom of the article's title page contains acknowledgment of -support, the author(s) address(es), a ``permission to copy'' statement, -and a line containing a copyright symbol (\copyright) and a mysterious -number. This is all entered with a {\tt bottomstuff} environment; -there must be no blank line after the \verb|\begin{bottomstuff}| -command. The permission to copy statement is produced by the -\verb|\permission| command. - -\subsection{The Page Headers} - -\verb|\markboth{}{}| generates the left- and right-page headers. The first -argument is the author's name(s): - -\begin{itemize} -\item If there is one author, then use author's full name (ex. Leslie Lamport); -\item If there are two authors, then abbreviate each author's first name - (L.~Lamport and A.~Appel); -\item If there are more than two authors, then the format is Leslie Lamport et al. -\end{itemize} - -The second argument of \verb|markboth| is the title; -if the title is too long, -contract it by omitting subtitles and phrases, not by abbreviating words. - - -\section{Ordinary Text} - -Most of the body of the text is typed just as in an ordinary -document. This section lists the differences. - -\subsection{Lists} - -\subsubsection{Enumeration and Itemization} - -Let's begin with enumeration. -\begin{longenum} -\item The ACM style has two different formats for -itemized lists, which I will call the {\em long\/} and {\em short\/} -formats. The long format is generally used when the individual items -are more than two or three lines long, but ACM has been inconsistent in -their choice of format, sometimes using the long format for lists whose -items are all one or two lines long and the short format for lists of -long items. This list is an example of the long format. - -\item The ordinary {\tt enumerate} environment -produces the short format. For the long format, use the -{\tt longenum} environment. -\begin{enumerate}\itemindent 10pt -\item This inner enumeration uses the short format. -\item It was produced using \LaTeX's ordinary {\tt enumerate} - environment. -\item ACM has no standard for enumerations nested more than - two levels deep, so the {\tt acmtrans} style does not - handle them well. -\end{enumerate} -\end{longenum} - -Itemized lists are similar to enumerated ones. -\begin{longitem} -\item As with enumerations, there is a long and a short -format for itemized lists. This list is in the long format. - -\item The long format is produced by the {\tt longitem} -environment. The ordinary {\tt itemize} environment -uses the short format. -\begin{itemize} -\item This is an itemized list using the short format. - -\item It was produced with the {\tt itemize} environment -that is used in ordinary \LaTeX\ input. -\end{itemize} -\end{longitem} - -It is interesting to observe that the style of tick mark used -for an itemization changed around 1985 from an en dash -(--) to an em dash (---). % jtb: changed! - -\subsubsection{Descriptions} - -A list is a sequence of displayed text elements, called items, each -composed of the following two elements: -\begin{describe}{{\em item body\/}:} -\item[{\em label\/}:] -A marker that identifies or sets off the item. It -is a number in an enumerated list and a tick mark in an itemized list. - -\item[{\em item body\/}:] The text of the item. It is usually ordinary prose, -but sometimes consists of an equation, a program statement, etc. - -Or another paragraph, which will be indented like normal paragraphs. -\end{describe} - -When the labels of a list are names rather than numbers or tick marks, -the list is called a {\em description\/} list. -The ACM style -has both long and short description lists. The above list is a short -description list; the bodies of all the items are indented enough to -accommodate the widest label. -The following list is a long description list. -The {\tt acmtrans} style provides both kinds of description lists: -\begin{description} -\item[short] -The {\tt describe} environment -%that works the -%same as the {\tt description} environment except that it -takes an argument, which should be the same as the argument of the \verb|\item| -command that produces the widest label. Thus, the above description -list was begun with the command -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{describe}{{\em item body\/}:} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} - -A description label is often emphasized in some way; in this example I -used the \LaTeX\ \verb|\em| command, italicized the label. The ACM -appears to have no standard convention for formatting the labels of a -description list, so the {\tt describe} environment leaves the label -formatting up to you. An \verb|\hfill| command can be used to produce -a label like ``{\em gnu \hfill --\/}'' where {\em gnu\/} is flush left -against the margin and the ``--'' is aligned flush right next to the -item body. - -\item[long] -The standard \LaTeX\ {\tt description} environment produces a long -description list. It italicizes the labels, and puts a period after -them, which seems to be what is done in the ACM transactions. -\end{description} - -\subsection{Theorems, Etc.} - -%\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[subsection] -%\begin{theorem} -%testing section counter -%\end{theorem} - -\LaTeX\ provides a single class of theorem-like environments, which are -defined with the \verb|\newtheorem| command. The ACM transactions -style divides this class into two subclasses that are formatted -differently. The first class includes theorems, corollaries, lemmas, -and propositions. It is produced with the \verb|\newtheorem| command. -Such a theorem-like environment is often followed by a proof, for which -the {\tt acmtrans} style provides a {\tt proof} environment. - -\newtheorem{subtheorem}{Theorem}[subsection] -\begin{subtheorem} -Notice that theorems are numbered inside the nearest section\newline subsection. -\end{subtheorem} - -When listing within the theorem environment, this style will now produce -roman parantheses. Thank you David Sands. - -\begin{proof} -This theorem is an instance of {\tt subtheorem}, theorems nested in -subsections. -\end{proof} - - -The second subclass of theorem-like environments includes ones for -definitions, examples, and remarks. These environments are defined -with the \verb|\newdef| command, which works the same as -\verb|\newtheorem|. Here -is an example of such an environment. - -\newdef{subexample}[subtheorem]{Definition} - -\begin{subexample} -This is an example of a Definition, typed with an {\tt subexample} -environment defined with \verb|\newdef|. -As you can see theorems are italicized and definitions are not. -\end{subexample} - -\newtheorem{subproperty}[subtheorem]{Property} - -Sometimes theorem-like environments are numbered in unusual ways, or -are identified by a name. Consider the following example -from~\citeN{7:3:359}. -\begin{subproperty}[{\rm Ca}] -Let syn $\in$ Syn, occ $\in$ Occ be maximal and sta $\in$ Sta. Then -Tcol\/{\rm [[}syn\/{\rm ]]} occ sta\hspace{-2pt} $\downarrow\!1$ $=$ -Tsto\/{\rm [[}syn\/{\rm ]]} sta. -\end{subproperty} -\begin{proof}[of Property {\rm Ca}] -By straightforward structural induction, and is \linebreak -omitted. -\end{proof} -It was obtained by giving optional arguments to the -{\tt property} environment (defined with \verb|\newtheorem|) -and the {\tt proof} environment and was typed as follows. -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{subproperty}[{\rm Ca}] Let ... \end{subproperty} -\begin{proof}[of Property {\rm Ca}] By straightforward ... -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -Notice that the optional argument to the {\tt property} environment -suppresses the automatic numbering. If a null optional argument -were given to this environment by typing ``{\tt []}'', then -it would have produced the label ``{\sc Property.}'' This is -how unnumbered theorems, etc.\ are produced. - -Environments defined by \verb|\newdef| use the optional -argument the same way as those defined by \verb|\newtheorem|. - -\vskip10pt -With this definition - -\begin{verbatim} - \newtheorem{secthm}{Theorem}[section] -\end{verbatim} -\noindent -one can solve the counter problems and counter and label problems for -theorems, lemmas and definitions etc. - -With the above definition and with the following variations -\begin{verbatim} - \newdef{secdefn}[secthm]{Definition} or - \newdef{seclem}[secthm]{Lemma} or - \newdef{sectheo}{secthm]{Theorem} etc. -\end{verbatim} -\noindent -one can achieve -\begin{enumerate} -\item correct counters in definitions, theorems etc. in \verb|\section| environment. -For example, to generate ``Definition 4.1.''; without the above two definitions, it produces ``Definition 4.0.1.'' and -\item correct counter and label associated with definitions, theorems etc. in any environment (section or subsection). For example, -\begin{verbatim} - \begin{secdefn}[\thesecthm\ (label)] - text text text - \end{secdefn} -\end{verbatim} -produces the correct definition counter + correct placement of the period as in -``Definition 3.1 (label).''. -\end{enumerate} - -\subsection{Overfull hbox - Stretching/filling one horizontal line} - -To solve a line break due to ``Overfull \verb|\hbox|'', here is a plain \TeX\ -solution; here \verb|\hsize| is the default setting of acmtrans.sty: - -\begin{center} -\verb|\hbox to \hsize{line sentence to be stretched}| -\end{center} - -This can be used in a list environment as well but \verb|\hsize| declared to a reduce -dimension: - -\begin{verbatim} - \hbox{\vbox{\hsize = less than the default setting - \hbox to \hsize{line sentence to be stretched}}} -\end{verbatim} - -\subsection{Programs} - -Good formatting of programs requires a knowledge of their semantics, -and is beyond the scope of a document production system. While -``pretty printers'' are useful for handling the many pages of a real -program, the short examples that are published in articles should be -formatted by hand to improve their clarity. The \LaTeX\ {\tt tabbing} -environment makes the formatting of programs relatively easy, -especially if the user defines commands for his particular language -constructs. -One may also use the {\tt verbatim} environment. - -The ACM transactions style requires that programs be formatted with -different size fonts, depending upon whether they appear in the text or -in a figure, but that is handled by the figure macro which -automatically sets the correct font size. -%The {\tt acmtrans} style provides a {\tt program} -%environment that is exactly the same as the standard {\tt tabbing} -%environment except for the size of the fonts it uses. This environment -%should be used for formatting programs, whether they appear in the -%running text or in a figure. -Moreover, programs in running text should be indented two ems -on each side (as provided by the {\tt quote} environment), and -programs in regular figures should be centered. -(Programs in ``narrow figures'' (q.v.) are left or right justified -automatically). - -Here is an example of a program: -\begin{quote} -\begin{tabbing} -{\bf type} date =\\ -\hspace*{1em}\= {\bf record} \= day: 1\,.\,.\,31;\+\+\\ - month: 1\,.\,.\,12;\\ - year: integer \-\\ - {\bf end} \-\\ -{\bf var} mybirth, today : date;\\ -{\bf var} myage : integer; -\end{tabbing} -\end{quote} -Figure~\ref{fig:prog} shows how the same program looks in a figure. -\begin{figure} -\centerline{\parbox{104pt}{% it's safe to overestimate the size here -\begin{tabbing} -{\bf type} date =\\ -\hspace*{1em}\= {\bf record} \= day: 1\,.\,.\,31;\+\+\\ - month: 1\,.\,.\,12;\\ - year: integer \-\\ - {\bf end} \-\\ -{\bf var} mybirth, today : date;\\ -{\bf var} myage : integer; -\end{tabbing}}} -\caption{An example of a program centered in a figure} -\label{fig:prog} -\end{figure} - -%The ACM standard calls for the program to start flush at the left -%margin, with each new level of nesting indented by a distance of one -%em, and with the continuation of broken lines indented two ems. However, -%this standard is not applied consistently. - -In addition to formatting programs, the {\tt tabbing} environment may be -used for similar displayed material such as BNF syntax specifications -and rewrite rules. - -\subsection{User-specified Formatting} - -If \LaTeX\ does not provide a particular text structure, the user must -define it himself and specify how it is to be formatted. This is most -easily done by defining the new structure in terms of existing ones; -the \LaTeX\ {\tt list} and {\tt trivlist} environments are useful -tools. However, it is occasionally necessary for the user to provide -explicit formatting commands. - -The best guide to how something should be formatted is what has been -done in the ACM transactions. While horizontal spacing tends to depend -strongly upon the particular text, there is a standard amount of -vertical space used to set off text. The ordinary \LaTeX\ -\verb|\medskip| command produces a vertical space of the appropriate -size. - -\section{Figures and Tables} - -\subsection{Figures} - -The ordinary \LaTeX\ {\tt figure} environment works as usual. -Figure~\ref{fig:ordinary}, which is Figure~6 of \citeN{7:3:359}, a bogus reference, -\begin{figure} -\centering -\(\begin{array}{c|ccc} - & \bot & F & T \\ -\hline -\bot & \bot & \bot & T \\ -F & \bot & F & T \\ -T & \bot & T & T -\end{array}\) -\caption{The truth table for the parallel-or.} -\label{fig:ordinary} -\end{figure} -was produced in this way. -Note that figures should never appear in the text or at the bottom of -a page. (If you use the figure placement optional argument, use only -\verb"t" or \verb"p" or both; do not use \verb"h" or \verb"b"). - -Some figures (and tables) have no caption except for the figure number. -For such figures (and tables), one uses a \verb|\nocaption| command, -which has no argument, instead of the \verb|\caption| command. - -\begin{narrowfig}{3in} -\begin{tabbing} -{\bf type} date =\\ -\hspace*{1em}\= {\bf record} \= day: 1\,.\,.\,31;\+\+\\ - month: 1\,.\,.\,12;\\ - year: integer \-\\ - {\bf end} \-\\ -{\bf var} mybirth, today : date;\\ -{\bf var} myage : integer; -\end{tabbing} -\caption{An example of a program displayed in a figure.} -\label{fig:narrow} -\end{narrowfig} - -In addition to this method of formatting figures, the ACM transactions -also uses figures with side captions, as in Figure~\ref{fig:narrow}. -Such a figure is produced with the {\tt narrowfig} environment. This -environment has a single mandatory argument, which is the width of the -figure. -Note that if the figure is generated by {\tt tabbing} or {\tt -tabular}, one can safely overestimate the size. -It works just like the ordinary {\tt figure} environment, -except it must contain only one \verb|\caption| or \verb|\nocaption| -command, which must come after the figure itself. - -The {\tt narrowfig} environment should obviously not be used unless the -figure is narrow enough to leave a reasonable amount of space beside it -for the caption. The ACM seems to have no consistent policy for choosing -which style of figure to employ. - -\subsection{Tables} - -The ordinary \LaTeX\ {\tt table} environment can be used, but it -requires the user to add formatting commands to match the ACM -transactions style. This formatting is performed automatically -if the {\tt acmtable} environment is used instead, producing -the result shown in Table~\ref{tab:table}, which shows the same -table displayed in Figure~\ref{fig:ordinary}. -\begin{acmtable}{100pt} -\centering -\(\begin{array}{c|ccc} - & \bot & F & T \\ -\hline -\bot & \bot & \bot & T \\ -F & \bot & F & T \\ -T & \bot & T & T -\end{array}\) -\caption{The truth table for the parallel-or.} -\label{tab:table} -\end{acmtable} -This environment has a mandatory argument that equals the width -of the table---more precisely, it specifies the width of the rules -above and below the table. There must be only one -\verb|\caption| or \verb|\nocaption| -command, which must come after the text of the table. -(Even though the table caption is printed above the table, the -\verb|\caption| command comes after the table in the input file.) - - -\section{The End of the Document} - -\subsection{Appendix} - -The appendix (if the article has one) should precede the -acknowledgments (if any) and bibliography. -If the appendix isn't broken into separate sections, -then you should add the following commands after the \verb|\appendix| -command: -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\section*{APPENDIX} -\setcounter{section}{1} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -Setting the counter is necessary so that numbered subsections and -theorems will have the names ``A.{\em N\/}'' in the text. - -For an article with multiple appendices, one begins -the appendix with an \verb|\appendix| followed by -\verb|\section*{APPENDIX}|, and then starts each -appendix with an ordinary \verb|\section| command. - -Information about electronic appendices is given in -Section~\ref{sec:elecappendix} and in the Appendix. - -\subsection{Acknowledgments} - -An optional acknowledgments section follows all the text of the -article, including any appendices. It is produced with the -{\tt acks} environment. (Since I can never remember how many -{\em e\/}'s there are in {\em acknowledgments}, it seemed -like an abbreviation was in order for the environment name. -One may also spell out the name as {\tt acknowledgments}). -Sometimes, there is just a single acknowledgment. -This may be given using the {\tt ack} or {\tt acknowledgment} -environment. - -\subsection{Bibliography} - -The bibliography follows the acknowledgments, and is the last -significant body of text in the article. It is produced by the usual -\LaTeX\ commands. - -In 1993 the ACM changed bibliography styles, from numerical citations [13] -to author's name and year \cite{7:3:359}. -The user is encouraged to let \LaTeX\ produce his bibliography -with the \verb|\bibliography| command, letting \BibTeX\ handle the -formatting of the entries. -The \verb|acmtrans.sty| -bibliography style file now generates citations in this format. -Put -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\bibliographystyle{acmtrans} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -between the \verb|\begin{document}| and the \verb|\end{document}|. - -The conventional \verb|\cite| command will generate citations as usual in -\LaTeX. -Note that the style file automatically omits repeating author -names~\cite{7:3:359,test}. -If you mention the work explicitly in your prose, you should use -\verb|\citeN| command. This command generates for example, \citeN{7:3:359} -discusses denotational program transformations. Or, you use -\verb|\citeyear| and say that Nielson \citeyear{7:3:359} discusses -them. -The command \verb|\shortcite| is an alias for \verb|\citeyear|. -Either command may be used in cases where one refers to multiple -works (of the same authors!). -For example, \verb|Nielson~\shortcite{7:3:359,test}| generates -Nielson~\shortcite{7:3:359,test}. -%To generate author~[year1; year2], give the author's name and then use -%the command \verb|\citeNN{year1,year2}|, -%which generates ``Nielson~\citeNN{7:3:359,test}.'' - -More variations of \verb|\cite| are discussed in comments in the -\verb|acmtrans.sty| file. Here are some {\bf examples} on how to get - -\begin{enumerate} -\item{Appel [1996]} $\rightarrow$ using either \verb|\citeN| or \verb|\citeyear| -\item{[Kempe 1879]} $\rightarrow$ \verb|\cite{kempe79}| -\item{Appel [1995; 1996]} $\rightarrow$ \verb|\shortcite{ref1-key,ref2-key}| -\item{Fil\'e [1981a; 1981b]} $\rightarrow$ \verb|Fil\'{e}~\shortcite{engelfriet/file:81sweep,|\\ -\hbox{}\kern.2in\verb|engelfriet/file:81passes}| or simply \verb|\shortcite{ref1-key, ref2-key}| -\item{[Appel and Shao 1992; Shao and Appel 1994]} $\rightarrow$ -\verb|\cite{appel-zhong-lsc92,|\\ -\hbox{}\kern3.5in\verb|shao94:clo}| -\item{Chow and Harrison [1992; 1994]} $\rightarrow$ - Chow~and~Harrison~[\verb|\citeyearNP{CH-popl92};| - \hbox{}\kern2in\verb|\citeyearNP{CH-iccl94}|] -\item{[Chow and Harrison 1992; 1994; Cousot and Cousot 1984]} $\rightarrow$ -\verb|[\citeNP{CH-popl92};|\\ - \hbox{}\kern1.7in \verb|\citeyearNP{CH-iccl94}; \citeNP{CC-apct77}]| -\item{[Cytron et al. 1991]} $\rightarrow$ \verb|\cite{cytron-et-al-toplas91}| -\item{Briggs et al. [1994]} $\rightarrow$ \verb|\citeN{briggs-cooper-torczon-toplas94}| or -\item{Duri et al. [1993]} $\rightarrow$ \verb|Duri~et~al.~\citeyear{DBDS-sigsoft93}| -\item{[Chaitin 1982; Chaitin et al. 1981]} $\rightarrow$ \verb|\cite{chaitin-pldi82,chaitin-et-al-cl81}| -\item{[Alblas 1991; Deransart et al. 1988; Knuth 1868]} $\rightarrow$ -\verb|\cite{alblas:91intro,| -\hbox{}\kern1in\verb|deransart/jourdan/lorho:88ag,knuth:68semantics}| -\item{[Gary and Johnson 1979]} $\rightarrow$ \verb|\cite{garey-johnson-bk79}| -\item{[Brand and Zafiropulo 1983; Gouda et al. 1984;1987]} $\rightarrow$ \newline -\verb|[\citeNP{brand83}; \citeNP{gouda84};\citeyearNP{gouda87}]| -\end{enumerate} -\noindent -The list will be updated as we find unique cases. - -\subsection{Received Date} - -An ACM transactions article ends with the dates that the article and its -revised versions were received and the date it was accepted for -publication. In the {\tt acmtrans} document style, this information is -produced with the {\tt received} environment. Type the body of the -environment just as it should appear in the printed version. -(Note that only \verb"Received" and the months should be capitalized, -the entries should be separated by semicolons, -and the whole ``sentence'' should {\em not} be terminated by a period.) -You can get these dates from the editor-in-chief. - -\section{Running Heads and Feet} - -The running foot of all but the title page of the article is declared -with the \linebreak -\verb|\runningfoot| command. It contains the name of the -journal, volume, number, and date. The foot for the title page -contains this information plus the page numbers. It is declared -with the \verb|\firstfoot| command. - -The \verb|\pages| command prints the page numbers of the article, -producing something like ``123--132''. It is implemented with the -\LaTeX\ \verb|\pageref| command, so it will not produce the correct -page numbers the first time the file is run through \LaTeX, or if the -number of the first or last page has changed since the last time. - -The default page style for the {\tt acmtrans} style is {\tt -myheadings}. Thus, a \verb|\markboth| command is used to set the -running heads. The left head contains the author's name (or authors' -names) and the right head contains the title. For long titles, -some contraction of the title is used. - -{\bf -At present, the ACM prefers to strip in their own running heads and -feet, so it is unnecessary to worry about them when producing -camera-ready copy. -} - -\section{Interacting with ACM's Production Staff} - -After your article is accepted, format your document and send -a Postscript file to the editor-in-chief. An ACM copy editor will -mark up a paper copy and send it back to you for corrections. -If there are just a few corrections, they may be sent to you by e-mail. -Iterate this process until the copy editor is satisfied (it may take -one or two iterations). - -Then print your final camera-ready copy on a 1200-dpi phototypesetter -(or a 600-dpi laser printer, if you must) and mail it to ACM. - -If you are using a laser printer for your final camera-ready copy, -you may enjoy using special paper designed for this purpose (it gives -a sharper image on a whiter background). One such paper -(manufactured by Hammermill Papers) is: -\begin{verse} - Hammermill Laser Plus (Featuring Wax Holdout)\\ - 8$\frac{1}{2}$x11--12M--S24/60\\ - 10450--5\\ - For Prepress Proofing and Camera-Ready Masters. -\end{verse} - -But the use of special paper is entirely optional; plain white laser-printer -paper is fine. - -\subsection{ACM Copy Editors' Preferences} - -We wish to thank the authors who have mailed to us copies of their page proofs. -From the page proofs (and explicit requests from ACM), here is a list of items most -frequently marked up by the copy editors. - -\begin{description}\itemindent\labelsep % that is, no indentation -\item[\bf Center] Displayed items like figures, pieces of program codes, and equations. Equation numbers to appear right flushed. Remember to add a period if the displayed equation ends in a sentence. -\item[\bf Fonts] Following items in regular Roman font: -\begin{itemize} -\item such words like et al., e.g., i.e., ad hoc, and bona fide, and -\item the body of the definition environment. -\end{itemize} -\item[\bf Etc] No double period when a sentence ends with ``etc.'' -\item[\bf Figure] Spell out the word ``figure'' when using in a sentence, as in Figure 1. -Use a period as in ``Fig. 1.'' and not a colon as in ``Fig. 1:'' -\item[\bf Contractions] Avoid the use of contractions; for example, use -{\em do not} instead of {\em don't}. -(If you prefer to use contractions to avoid -stuffiness, you'll have to tell the copy editor explicitly after you -get the marked-up proofs.) -\item[\bf Conference References] Please use {\it 4th International Conf. on -Document Formatting}, not {\it Fourth International Conference ...}; that -is, do not spell out the number. -\item[\bf Journal References] Figure~\ref{fig:abbrev} gives common journal abbreviations; there is a duplicate list in the acmtrans.bst file for your convenience. Using the {\it abbreviation} feature of \BibTeX\ for journal -names (and months!) makes it easy to follow the rules. -\end{description} - -\begin{figure}\noindent -\begin{tabular}{l|l||l|l} -\footnotesize -acmcs&ACM Comput. Surv.&jlp&J. Logic Program.\\ -acmlett&ACM Lett. Program. Lang. Syst.&jcss&J. Comput. Syst. Sci.\\ -acta&Acta Inf.&jsmrp&J. Softw. Maint. Res. Pract.\\ -al&Ada Lett.&jss&J. Syst. Softw.\\ -acr&Adv. Comput. Res.&jlsc&J. Lisp Symb. Comput.\\ -bit&Bit&lpls&Lett. Program. Lang. Syst.\\ -cacm&Commun. ACM&mscs&Math. Struct. Comput. Sci.\\ -cj&Comput. J.&mst&Math. Syst. Theor.\\ -cn&Comput. J.&ngc&New Gen. Comput.\\ -cl&Comput. Lang.&scp&Sci. Comput. Program.\\ -ict&Inf. Contr.&sicomp&SIAM J. Comput.\\ -ieebcs&IEE/BCS Softw. Eng. J.&spe&Softw. Pract. Exper.\\ -ieees&IEEE Softw.&tocs&ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.\\ -ieeese&IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng.&tods&ACM Trans. Database Syst.\\ -ieeetc&IEEE Trans. Comput.&tog&ACM Trans. Graphics\\ -ieeetpds&IEEE Trans. Parall. Distrib. Syst.&toms&ACM Trans. Math. Softw.\\ -ieeetit&IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory&toois&ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst.\\ -ipl&Inf. Process. Lett.&toplas&ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.\\ -icp&Inf. Comput.&tcs&Theor. Comput. Sci.\\ -ist&Inf. Softw. Tech.&tr&Tech. Rep.\\ -ijsa&Int. J. Supercomput. Appl.&jf&J. Funct. Program.\\ -ijpp&Int. J. Parallel Program.&jlc&J. Logic and Comput.\\ -\end{tabular} -\caption{Common journal abbreviations.} -\label{fig:abbrev} -\end{figure} - -The best method of -reducing the number of copy editorial markups is by using a recent ACM journal -as a guide to typesetting your article. - -\section{Electronic Appendices} -\label{sec:elecappendix} - -Because of severe constraints on how many pages it can print, -{\it ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems} (TOPLAS) -accepts some articles with {\it electronic appendices:} appendices -in Postscript format that will not appear in the printed article but -will be available separately. If your article is accepted with an -electronic appendix, you should put an appendix header where the -appendix normally belongs (before the ``acknowledgments''). -The body of the electronic appendix should be given after the -references. -The \verb|appendixhead| command is given -\begin{quote} -{\tt \verb|\|appendixhead\{{\it journal}\}\{{\it article-id}\}} -\end{quote} -where {\it journal} is the name of the journal (e.g. {\tt toplas} or -{\tt todf}), and -{\it article-id} is a number given to you by the Editor. -The result of \verb|\appendixhead| looks like this:\footnote{% -See the end of this document for the remainder of the explanation of -electronic appendices} - -\appendix -\section*{ONLINE-ONLY APPENDICES} -\setcounter{secnumbookdepth}{-1} -% \begin{NoHyper} -\section{Splitting off the electronic appendix} -\section{Single appendix} -\section{Multiple appendices} -% \end{NoHyper} -\setcounter{secnumbookdepth}{3} - -\appendixhead{Appendix A is}{appendix}{http://www.acm.org/toplas} - -\begin{acks} -We wish to thank Howard Trickey for providing the now-obsolete -version of the {\tt acmtrans} -bibliography style, and for giving advice on creating the new one; -Rebecca Davies for helping to adapt -Glenn Paulley's ``Chicago'' bibliography -style to fit the new ACM style; -and Marilyn Salmansohn and George Criscione for providing information -on the official ACM transactions style. -\end{acks} - -\bibliographystyle{acmtrans} -\bibliography{acmtr} -\begin{received} -Received February 1986; -November 1993; -accepted January 1996 -\end{received} - -elecappendix{http://www.acm.org/toplas}{1998}{ACM Transactions on Document Formatting, - Vol.~8, No.~1, January 1999, Pages \pages.}{ -\copyright\ 1999 ACM 0164-0925/98/0100-0208A \$5.00} - -The contents of the electronic appendix is written after the references -and the ``received'' environment. -The electronic appendix is started -by an \verb|\elecappendix| command that takes two -required arguments: -\begin{quote} -{\tt \verb|\|elecappendix\{{\it year}\}\{{\it ref\/}\}} -\end{quote} -where -{\it year} is the year of appearance (or, if this not known, the year -of acceptance), necessary for the copyright notice, and -{\it ref\/} is a sentence provided by the Editor describing the -publication reference -information regarding your article. - -\section{Splitting off the electronic appendix} - -If you have an electronic appendix, only the main body of the -article, up through and including the description of how to obtain -the electronic appendix, will be printed in the journal. - -It will be necessary to split your dvi or Postscript file into -two parts: one to be printed, the other to be available by -FTP. Please split your Postscript into two separate postscript files -using {\tt dvipages} or {\tt pslpr} and -email them separately to the Editor. - -Note that the pages of the appendix are numbered A-1, A-2, etc. -so as not to interfere with the normal journal pagination. - -\section{Single Appendix} - -When an article has a single electronic appendix, then after -the \verb|\elecappendix| command, type the following. -\begin{quote} -\begin{verbatim} -\setcounter{section}{1} -\end{verbatim} -\end{quote} -If the text starts immediately, add a \verb|\medskip| to set off the -text from the horizontal rule created by \verb|\elecappendix|. - -\section{Multiple appendices} - -For an article with multiple electronic appendices, one begins -the appendix with an \verb|\elecappendix| -command, then starts each -appendix with an ordinary \verb|\section| command. Lower levels of -sectioning are produced by the ordinary sectioning commands. - -\end{document} - - - - - |