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+\documentstyle[lingmacros]{article}
+
+\title{Linguistic Macros}
+\author{Emma Pease}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+The lingmacros file contains a few macros that may be of use to
+linguists.  The major commands are
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item The enumsentence macros for creating example sentences
+\begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\enumsentence[label]{sentence}
+\eenumsentence[label]{\item[label] sentence 1
+                      \item[label] sentence 2}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+ The enumsentence macros are similar to the math equation environment
+except that they take regular text.  The \verb+\label+ command can be
+used inside of them.\footnote{The enumsentence macros use the counter,
+enums.  For more information read the style file.} Inside of the
+eenumsentence either the \verb+\toplabel+ command for the sentence
+number only or the \verb+\label+ for sentence number and sublabel.
+Also defined is
+\verb+\ex{number}+ which gives a relative reference.  \verb+(\ex{1})+
+or \verb+(\ref{senta})+ give the number of the next enumsentence (\ex{1})
+or (\ref{senta}); \verb+(\ex{2})+ or \verb+(\ref{sentb})+ of the second
+succeeding enumsentence (\ex{2}) or (\ref{sentb}).
+\verb+(\ref{sentbb})+ will give (\ref{sentbb}).
+ \enumsentence{This is the first sentence\label{senta}}
+\eenumsentence{\item this is a second sentence \toplabel{sentb}
+               \item this is a third sentence\label{sentbb}}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\enumsentence{This is the first sentence\label{senta}}
+\eenumsentence{\item this is a second sentence \toplabel{sentb}
+               \item this is a third sentence\label{sentbb}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+
+
+\item The tree macros
+\begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\smalltree{alignment structure}
+\modsmalltree{number of columns}{alignment structure}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+\verb+\smalltree+ is based on the tabular environment with a large
+baselineskip. A simple example should suffice.
+\enumsentence{\smalltree{& &a\\ 
+                         &b& &c\\ 
+                        d& &e& &f}}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\enumsentence{\smalltree{& &a\\ 
+                         &b& &c\\ 
+                        d& &e& &f}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+\verb+\modsmalltree+ sometime works better.
+\enumsentence{\modsmalltree{5}{& &a\\ 
+                         &b& \mc{3}{this is long}\\ 
+                        d& &e& &f}}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\enumsentence{\modsmalltree{5}{& &a\\ 
+                         &b& \mc{3}{this is long}\\ 
+                        d& &e& &f}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+ Note the use of the \verb+\mc{number of columns}{text}+ to span
+several columns.  The \verb+\clap{text}+ might also be useful; it is
+similar to the \verb+\rlap+ and \verb+\llap+ commands and produces a
+centered hbox of zero width.  Lines need to be drawn in by hand or one
+can use the tree-dvips macros. 
+
+\item The gloss macros
+\begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\shortex{number of columns}{first line}{second line}{gloss}
+\shortexnt{number of columns}{first line}{second line}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+These can be combined to produce most of the glosses that linguists
+should need.
+\enumsentence{\shortex{6}{Was & ist & dem & Kind & geschenkt&worden?}
+                         {What& is  & the & child& given    &been?}
+                         {What has been given to the child?}
+               \item \shortexnt{7}
+{Das & Fin\'anzamt      & hat & ihn & geschnappt &(und & nicht}
+{the &finance authority & has & him & caught     &(and &not}
+
+\shortex{2}{die &Polizei).}
+           {the &police).}
+           {It was the IRS that caught him (and not the police).}}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\enumsentence{\shortex{6}{Was & ist & dem & Kind & geschenkt&worden?}
+                         {What& is  & the & child& given    &been?}
+                         {What has been given to the child?}}
+               \item \shortexnt{7}
+{Das & Fin\'anzamt      & hat & ihn & geschnappt &(und & nicht}
+{the &finance authority & has & him & caught     &(and &not}
+
+\shortex{2}{die &Polizei).}
+           {the &police)}
+           {It was the IRS that caught him (and not the police).}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+Unfortunately, I've not figured out a fullproof method of breaking
+the glosses automatically so they have to be done by hand.  
+
+\item AVM structures
+\begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\outerfs{text}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+\enumsentence{\evnup[-3pt]{\outerfs{SUBJ & \outerfs{POSS & [PRED `Louise']\\
+                                             PRED &`mother$\langle$Poss$\rangle$}\\[3ex]
+                             OBJ  & \outerfs{PRED & `PRO'\\
+                                             REFL & +}\\
+                             PRED & `dress$\langle$SUBJ OBJ$\rangle$'}}}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\enumsentence{\evnup[-3pt]{%
+\outerfs{SUBJ & \outerfs{POSS & [PRED `Louise']\\
+                         PRED &`mother$\langle$Poss$\rangle$}\\[3ex]
+         OBJ  & \outerfs{PRED & `PRO'\\
+                        REFL & +}\\
+         PRED & `dress$\langle$SUBJ OBJ$\rangle$'}}}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{document}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tree-dvips/tree-manual.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tree-dvips/tree-manual.tex
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+\documentstyle[tree-dvips,lingmacros]{article}
+
+\title{Tree Macros}
+\author{Emma Pease}
+
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+The tree macros package allows one to integrate \TeX\ and Postscript.
+For example, one can use \TeX\ to layout a tree and have Postscript
+draw the lines.
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ccc}
+&\node{ab}{top node}\\[3ex]
+\node{ac}{left node} && \node{c}{right node}\\[3ex]
+              && \node{d}{odd node}
+\end{tabular}
+\nodeconnect{ab}{ac} 
+\nodeconnect{ab}{c}
+\nodeconnect{c}{d}
+\nodecurve[r]{ab}[r]{d}{1in}
+\anodeconnect[b]{ac}[l]{d}
+\anodecurve[l]{ab}[l]{ac}{1in}
+\end{center}
+
+These macros work by defining locations on a page and then
+manipulating them in a variety of ways. The commands that created the
+above tree are as follows:
+ \begin{verbatim}
+\begin{tabular}{ccc}
+                    &\node{a}{top node}\\[3ex]
+\node{b}{left node} &     & \node{c}{right node}\\[3ex]
+                    &     & \node{d}{odd node}
+\end{tabular}
+\nodeconnect{a}{b} 
+\nodeconnect{a}{c}
+\nodeconnect{c}{d}
+\nodecurve[r]{a}[r]{d}{1in}
+\anodeconnect[b]{b}[l]{d}
+\anodecurve[l]{a}[l]{b}{1in}
+\end{verbatim}
+  You will notice that four nodes are defined, a, b, c, and d, using the
+\verb+\node+ command. These nodes are then connected using the
+\verb+\nodeconnect+ and \verb+\nodecurve+ commands.
+  
+\section{Locating Commands}
+
+Location commands are those that deal with defining a location on a
+page.  The basic command
+ \begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\node{nodename}{object}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+  Each node has its name, height, width, and the location of the lower
+left hand corner point passed down to postscript where it will remain
+until needed. Note that the object will be printed by \TeX\ but the
+lines drawn by Postscript. A variant
+of this command is
+ \begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\nodepoint{nodename}[horizontal displace][vertical displace]
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+  The node's height and width are 0pts, but the location can be
+displaced. 
+
+\section{Connecting Commands}
+
+These commands connect two or more nodes. The two basic ones are 
+\begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\nodeconnect[fromloc]{fromnodename}[toloc]{tonodename}
+\nodecurve[fromloc]{fromnodename}[toloc]{tonodename}{depth}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+  fromnodename and tonodename must be the names of two existing nodes.
+Imagine the node as a box, fromloc and toloc are the locations on that
+box to draw the connecting lines.
+\begin{center}\nodemargin=9pt
+\begin{tabular}{lcr}
+tl  & {t}                &{tr}\\[2ex]
+{l} & \node{a}{object}   &{r}\\[2ex]
+{bl}& {b}                &{br}
+\end{tabular}
+\nodebox{a}
+\end{center}
+  The present choices are t [top], b [bottom], l [left], r [right], tl
+[topleft], tr [topright], bl [bottomleft], and br [bottomright].
+These could be expanded.
+
+Other connecting commands are
+\begin{verbatim}
+\barnodeconnect[depth]{fromnodename}{tonodename}
+\anodeconnect[fromloc]{fromnodename}[toloc]{tonodename}
+\anodecurve[fromloc]{fromnodename}[toloc]{tonodename}{depth}
+\end{verbatim}
+For example,
+\begin{center}
+\node{c}{\strut This} \node{a}{\strut is} a \node{b}{\strut test} of
+barnodeconnect.  
+\barnodeconnect{a}{b}
+\barnodeconnect[-5pt]{a}{c}
+\bigskip\bigskip
+
+\node{c}{\strut This} \node{a}{\strut is} a \node{b}{\strut test}
+\node{d}{\strut of} abarnodeconnect.  \node{e}{\strut Note} arrows.
+\abarnodeconnect[10pt]{a}{b}
+\abarnodeconnect[-10pt]{a}{c}
+\abarnodeconnect[-10pt]{b}{d}
+\abarnodeconnect[10pt]{e}{d}
+\end{center}\bigskip
+\begin{verbatim}
+\node{c}{\strut This} \node{a}{\strut is} a \node{b}{\strut test} 
+of barnodeconnect.  
+\barnodeconnect{a}{b}
+\barnodeconnect[-5pt]{a}{c}
+\bigskip\bigskip
+
+\node{c}{\strut This} \node{a}{\strut is} a \node{b}{\strut test}
+\node{d}{\strut of} abarnodeconnect.  \node{e}{\strut Note} arrows.
+\abarnodeconnect[10pt]{a}{b}
+\abarnodeconnect[-10pt]{a}{c}
+\abarnodeconnect[-10pt]{b}{d}
+\abarnodeconnect[10pt]{e}{d}
+\end{verbatim}
+  A negative depth places the bar below the line; a positive depth (or
+the default, which is 5pt) places the bar above the line.
+
+
+A few odd commands
+\begin{verbatim}
+\nodetriangle{fromnodename}{tonodename}
+\end{verbatim}
+This creates a triangle whose apex is the bottom of
+\verb+fromnodename+ and whose base is the top of \verb+tonodename+. 
+
+\verb+\anodeconnect+ and \verb+\anodecurve+ are the same as
+\verb+\nodeconnect+ and \verb+\node-+ \verb+curve+ except that the connecting
+line has a arrowhead on it pointing to the second node.
+
+
+\section{Single Node commands}
+
+These commands adjust something around a single node rather than
+connecting nodes.  The basic commands are
+ \begin{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\nodebox{nodename}
+\nodecircle[depth]{nodename}
+\nodeoval{nodename}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{center}
+They draw, respectively, a box, circle, or oval around the given node.
+\begin{center}
+\node{a}{node}\hfill \node{b}{node} \hfill \node{c}{node}
+\nodebox{a} \nodecircle{b} \nodeoval{c}
+\end{center}
+  You will probably wish to call these commands after you have called
+all the connecting commands you will be using in a particular diagram. 
+
+\section{Parameters}
+
+At the moment there are three parameters that can be changed.  They
+are
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \verb+\nodemargin+ - A node's height and width are defined as
+the height plus depth and width of an hbox enclosing the object plus the
+nodemargin on each side.  The default is 2pt.
+
+\item \verb+\treelinewidth+ - The width of the lines. The default is .3pt.
+
+\item \verb+\dashlength+ - The length of the dash, if you are using
+dashed lines.   The default is 0pt (solid line).\footnote{The length
+of the dash and the length between the dashes are the same.  An
+exercise for someone who knows postscript and tex is to allow the dash
+and the blank to vary in size.}
+
+\item \verb+\arrowwidth+ - the width of the arrowhead in the
+      \verb+\anodeconnect+ and \verb+\anodecurve+ commands. Default is
+      4 pt.
+
+\item \verb+\arrowlength+ - the length of the arrowhead.  Default is
+      4pt. 
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\section{How to Run}
+
+Add the style file, tree-dvips.sty, 
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentstyle[tree-dvips]{article}
+\end{verbatim}
+Run through \LaTeX\ and send to a postscript printer using dvips
+(written by Tomas Rokicki).
+
+
+\section{Examples}
+
+A series of examples follow.
+\begin{center}
+\let\mc=\multicolumn
+\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}lllllllll@{}}
+       &    &    &      &\node{a}{VP} \\[2ex]
+       &\node{b}{PP} 
+            &    &      &    &    &\mc{2}{c}{\node{c}{V$'$}}\\[2ex]
+       &    &    &\node{d}{NP} \\[2ex]
+       &    &\nodepoint{e}   
+                 &      &\node{f}{NP} \\
+       &    &    &\hfill\nodepoint{r}[0pt][3pt]   \\
+       &\hfil\node{g}{AP} 
+            &    &\hfil\node{h}{NP}
+                        &    &    &     &\hfil\node{i}{NP}\\[2ex]
+\node{j}{P}  
+       &\hfil\node{k}{A}  
+            & \node{l}{Prt}
+                 &\hfil\node{m}{N}   
+                        &\node{n}{Prt} 
+                             &\node{o}{N} 
+                                  &\node{p}{V}
+                                        &\hfil\node{q}{N}\\[2ex]
+`zaw   &`oN &`geq&?njiaw&`geq&`dou& khe &tshjaN \\
+toward &red &    & bird &    &head& open&gun \\[1ex]
+\mc{9}{@{}l}{`shoot at the red head of the bird'} \\
+\end{tabular}
+\nodeconnect{a}{b}
+\nodeconnect{a}{c}
+\nodeconnect{b}{d}
+\nodeconnect{b}{j}
+\nodeconnect{c}{p}
+\nodeconnect{c}{i}
+\nodeconnect{d}{e}
+\nodeconnect{e}{g}
+\nodeconnect{e}{l}
+\nodeconnect{d}{f}
+\nodeconnect{g}{k}
+\nodeconnect{f}{r}
+\nodeconnect{r}{h}
+\nodeconnect{r}{n}
+\nodeconnect{f}{o}
+\nodeconnect{h}{m}
+\nodeconnect{i}{q}
+
+\end{center}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\let\mc=\multicolumn
+\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}lllllllll@{}}
+    &    &    &      &\node{a}{VP} \\[2ex]
+    &\node{b}{PP} 
+         &    &      &    &    &\mc{2}{c}{\node{c}{V$'$}}\\[2ex]
+    &    &    &\node{d}{NP} \\[2ex]
+    &    &\nodepoint{e}   
+              &      &\node{f}{NP} \\
+    &    &    &\hfill\nodepoint{r}[0pt][3pt]   \\
+    &\hfil\node{g}{AP} 
+         &    &\hfil\node{h}{NP}
+                     &    &    &     &\hfil\node{i}{NP}\\[2ex]
+\node{j}{P}  
+    &\hfil\node{k}{A}  
+         & \node{l}{Prt}
+              &\hfil\node{m}{N}   
+                     &\node{n}{Prt} 
+                          &\node{o}{N} 
+                               &\node{p}{V}
+                                     &\hfil\node{q}{N}\\[2ex]
+`zaw&`oN &`geq&?njiaw&`geq&`dou& khe &tshjaN \\
+toward &red &    & bird &    &head& open&gun \\[1ex]
+\mc{9}{@{}l}{`shoot at the red head of the bird'} \\
+\end{tabular}
+\nodeconnect{a}{b}     \nodeconnect{e}{l}
+\nodeconnect{a}{c}     \nodeconnect{d}{f}
+\nodeconnect{b}{d}     \nodeconnect{g}{k}
+\nodeconnect{b}{j}     \nodeconnect{f}{r}
+\nodeconnect{c}{p}     \nodeconnect{r}{h}
+\nodeconnect{c}{i}     \nodeconnect{r}{n}
+\nodeconnect{d}{e}     \nodeconnect{f}{o}
+\nodeconnect{e}{g}     \nodeconnect{h}{m}
+\nodeconnect{i}{q}
+\end{verbatim}
+ The following two examples use \verb+\outerfs+ and
+\verb+\modsmalltree+; these are both part of the lingmacros package.
+See \verb+lingmacros.sty+ for more information.
+ \enumsentence[(100)]{\evnup[2pt]
+{\outerfs{ Focus & \outerfs{subj       & \outerfs{\ \nodepoint{a}\ }\\[1ex]
+                           obl$_{th}$ & \outerfs{Pred & `Pro'\\
+                                                 Refl & +}\\[1ex]
+                           Pred       & `proud$\langle(\uparrow {\rm subj})
+                                         (\uparrow {\rm obl}_{th})\rangle$'}\nodepoint{d}[-3pt][0pt]\\[2ex]
+           Subj & \outerfs{Pred & `Max'}\\[1ex]
+           Comp & \outerfs{Subj &\outerfs{Pred & `Larry'}\nodepoint{c}[-3pt][0pt]\\[1ex]
+                           Xcomp&\outerfs{\ \nodepoint{b}\ }\\[1ex]
+                           Pred & `be$\langle(\uparrow {\rm xcomp})
+                                         (\uparrow {\rm subj})\rangle$'}\\[1ex]
+           Pred & `think$\langle(\uparrow {\rm subj})
+                                         (\uparrow {\rm comp})\rangle$'}\\
+}
+\nodecurve[r]{a}[r]{c}{2in}[.5in]
+\anodecurve[r]{d}[r]{b}{1in}[2in]
+}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\enumsentence[(100)]{\evnup[2pt]
+{\outerfs{ 
+Focus & \outerfs{subj       & \outerfs{\ \nodepoint{a}\ }\\[1ex]
+                 obl$_{th}$ & \outerfs{Pred & `Pro'\\
+                                       Refl & +}\\[1ex]
+                 Pred       & `proud$\langle(\uparrow {\rm subj})
+                             (\uparrow {\rm obl}_{th})\rangle$'}%
+\nodepoint{d}[-3pt][0pt]\\[2ex]
+Subj & \outerfs{Pred & `Max'}\\[1ex]
+Comp & \outerfs{Subj &\outerfs{Pred & `Larry'}%
+\nodepoint{c}[-3pt][0pt]\\[1ex]
+                Xcomp&\outerfs{\ \nodepoint{b}\ }\\[1ex]
+                Pred & `be$\langle(\uparrow {\rm xcomp})
+                       (\uparrow {\rm subj})\rangle$'}\\[1ex]
+Pred & `think$\langle(\uparrow {\rm subj})
+                     (\uparrow {\rm comp})\rangle$'}\\
+}
+\nodecurve[r]{a}[r]{c}{2in}[.5in]
+\anodecurve[r]{d}[r]{b}{1in}[2in]
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+\enumsentence{\modsmalltree{6}{
+             &             &   &\ns\node{a}{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}}S\\ 
+                                  {}[+R]\end{tabular}}   \\
+             &\node{b}{NP} &   &    &  & \node{c}{VP} \\
+\node{d}{Det}&             &\node{e}{N$^1$} \\
+\node{h}{the}&\node{i}{N}  &   &  \node{f}{PP} &&\node{g}{are 
+                                              totally false}\\
+       &\node{n}{rumors}&\node{j}{P} &&\ns\node{k}{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}}NP\\
+                                               {}[+R] \end{tabular}}\\
+         &                &\node{l}{about} &&\node{m}{whom}}
+\nodeconnect{a}{b}
+\nodeconnect{a}{c}
+\nodeconnect{b}{d}
+\nodeconnect{b}{e}
+\nodeconnect{d}{h}
+\nodeconnect{e}{i}
+\nodeconnect{e}{f}
+\nodeconnect{i}{n}
+\nodeconnect{f}{j}
+\nodeconnect{f}{k}
+\nodeconnect{j}{l}
+\nodeconnect{k}{m}
+\nodetriangle{c}{g}
+{\makedash{4pt}
+\anodecurve[t]{b}[l]{a}{10pt}
+\anodecurve[t]{e}[r]{b}{10pt}
+\anodecurve[t]{f}[r]{e}{10pt}
+\anodecurve[t]{k}[r]{f}{10pt}
+}}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\enumsentence{\modsmalltree{6}{
+     &       &   &\ns\node{a}{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}}S\\ 
+                        {}[+R]\end{tabular}}   \\
+     &\node{b}{NP} 
+             &   &  && \node{c}{VP} \\
+\node{d}{Det}
+     &       &\node{e}{N$^1$} \\
+\node{h}{the}
+     &\node{i}{N}  
+             &   &\node{f}{PP} 
+                    &&\node{g}{are totally false}\\
+     &\node{n}{rumors}
+             &\node{j}{P} 
+                 &  &\ns\node{k}{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}}NP\\
+                                 {}[+R] \end{tabular}}\\
+     &       &\node{l}{about} 
+                 &  &\node{m}{whom}}
+\nodeconnect{a}{b}         \nodeconnect{e}{f}
+\nodeconnect{a}{c}         \nodeconnect{i}{n}
+\nodeconnect{b}{d}         \nodeconnect{f}{j}
+\nodeconnect{b}{e}         \nodeconnect{f}{k}
+\nodeconnect{d}{h}         \nodeconnect{j}{l}
+\nodeconnect{e}{i}         \nodeconnect{k}{m}
+\nodetriangle{c}{g}
+{\makedash{4pt}
+\anodecurve[t]{b}[l]{a}{10pt}  \anodecurve[t]{f}[r]{e}{10pt}
+\anodecurve[t]{e}[r]{b}{10pt}  \anodecurve[t]{k}[r]{f}{10pt}
+}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+\section{Errors}
+
+A multitude of caveats.
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item Any commands calling nodes must be read while \TeX\ is still
+processing the page the nodes are defined on. In other words don't
+define the nodes on page 1 and connect them with commands that appear
+at the end of the paper.
+
+\item Nodes mentioned in node connecting commands must exist or else
+      the job won't print.  
+
+\item Make sure the dvips postscript output is sent to a postscript
+printer.  It is possible to send the dvi, but not the postscript,
+output to another printer; the lines just won't appear, assuming the
+printer ignores specials it doesn't know about.
+
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\end{document}
+
+