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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2020-10-07 21:59:05 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2020-10-07 21:59:05 +0000
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+%% ****** Start of file authguide.tex ****** %
+%%
+%% This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution.
+%% Version 4.1r of REVTeX, August 2010
+%%
+%% Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 The American Physical Society.
+%%
+%% See the REVTeX 4.1 README file for restrictions and more information.
+%%
+\listfiles
+\documentclass[%
+,aps%
+ ,twocolumn%
+ ,secnumarabic%
+,amssymb, amsmath,nobibnotes, aps, prl, floatfix]{revtex4-1}
+\usepackage{docs}%
+\usepackage{bm}%
+%\usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=blue]{hyperref}%
+%\nofiles
+\expandafter\ifx\csname package@font\endcsname\relax\else
+ \expandafter\expandafter
+ \expandafter\usepackage
+ \expandafter\expandafter
+ \expandafter{\csname package@font\endcsname}%
+\fi
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{\revtex~4.1 Author's Guide}%
+\author{American Physical Society}%
+\email{revtex@aps.org}
+\affiliation{1 Research Road, Ridge, NY 11961}
+\date{August 2010}%
+\maketitle
+\tableofcontents
+\clearpage
+\section{Introduction}
+
+This is the author's guide to \revtex~4.1, the preferred submission
+format for all APS and AIP journals. This guide is intended to be a concise
+introduction to \revtex~4.1. The documentation has been separated out
+into smaller units to make it easier to locate essential
+information.
+
+The following documentation is also part of the \revtex~4.1
+distribution. Updated versions of these will be maintained at
+the \revtex~4.1 homepage located at \url{http://authors.aps.org/revtex4/}.
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.1}
+\item \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.1}
+\item \textit{\revtex~4.1 Command and Options Summary}
+\item \textit{What's New in \revtex~4.1}
+\end{itemize}
+This guide assumes a working \revtex~4.1
+installation. Please see the installation instructions included with the
+distribution.
+\subsection{Changes in \revtex~4.1}
+The \revtex\ system for \LaTeX\ began its development in 1986 and has
+gone through three major revisions since then. \revtex~4 was released in August, 2001. Since that time,
+many user requests for new features were received. The main goals for \revtex~4.1 are to incorporate
+this user feedback and provide support for the journals of the American Institute of Physics (AIP) . It incorporates the following changes:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textbf{Added support for APS journal \textit{Physical Review Special Topics -- Physics Education Research}}.
+\item \textbf{Added support for AIP journals.} There is now an explicit \texttt{aip} society option along with support for AIP journals. Please see the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.1}. In addition, \revtex~4.1 provides an extensible system for the easy addition of new collections of journals.
+\item \textbf{Endnotes now ordered correctly.} Endnotes in the bibliography now appear in the correct order, interleaved with citations.
+\item \textbf{Multiple references in a single citation supported using a special starred (*) argument to the \cmd\cite\ command.} One of the major new features in 4.1 made possible by the joint work on \texttt{natbib 8.3}. Multiple Bib\TeX\ entries can be combined into a single \cmd\bibitem\ command.
+\item \textbf{Free form text can be prepended and appended to a bibliographic entry using the special starred (*) argument to the \cmd\cite\ command.} Often a citation in the bibliography will have explanatory text such as \textit{See also} or \textit{and references therein} before and after the actual citation. The new \revtex~4.1 \cmd\cite\ command allows the specification of both text to precede and follow a citation.
+\item \textbf{Structured Abstracts.} Use of the \texttt{description} environment in abstracts now provides for ``structured" abstracts.
+\item \textbf{Figures referring to videos now supported.} A ``figure" may now be labeled as a \textbf{Video} by using the \texttt{video} environment. A frame from the video may be included in the figure and a URL to link the caption's label to the online video also may be included. There is also a \cmd\listofvideos\ command.
+\item \textbf{Better support for arXiv.org in Bib\TeX\ } Three more Bib\TeX\ fields have been added: \texttt{SLACcitation}, \texttt{archivePrefix}, and \texttt{primaryClass} in addition to the existing field \texttt{eprint}.
+\item \textbf{Improved Bib\TeX\ \texttt{bst} files.} In addition to the new features above, numerous other improvements to the APS \texttt{bst} files have been made, including support for displaying journal article titles (using the new \texttt{longbibliography} option) and many fixes for \textit{Reviews of Modern Physics}. Also, long author lists are no longer automatically truncated.
+\item \textbf{\cmd\footnote\ in \cmd\widetext\ and \texttt{table*} environments improved.} \cmd\footnote\relax s in the \cmd\widetext\ or \texttt{table*} environments are now correctly placed and formatted.
+\item \textbf{Email addresses no longer print twice on papers less than one page long.}
+\item \textbf{\texttt{eqnarray} alignment improved.}
+\item \textbf{\cmd\collaboration\ can be used with the \texttt{groupedaddress} option now.}
+\item \textbf{\texttt{letterpaper} now ensured as default paper size.}
+\item \textbf{Table of Contents formatting improved.}
+\item \textbf{Support for the \texttt{longtable} package improved.}
+\item \textbf{\texttt{reftest} restored.}
+\item \textbf{Compatibility with the \texttt{geometry, lineno, lscape} and \texttt{colortbl} packages improved.} For line numbering, rather than using \texttt{lineno.sty} directly, the \texttt{linenumbers} class option should be used (this will call in \texttt{lineno.sty} with a proper set of default parameters).
+\item \texttt{hyperref} \textbf{fixes}. Improvements were to make footnotes work better with the \texttt{hyperref} package. In particular, table footnotes were fixed. More anchors for \texttt{hyperref} were also added (titlepage, abstract, and acknowledgements).
+\item \textbf{Documents can have more than 256 \cmd\cite\ commands now.}
+\item \textbf{\cmd\listoffigures\ and \cmd\listoftables\ fixed.}
+\item \textbf{Figure and table labels in captions now reflect proper APS style.}
+\item \textbf{RMP style files conform better to RMP style guidelines.}
+\item \textbf{Section heading upper-casing improved.}
+\item \textbf{Repeated characters at start of affiliation no longer disappear when using \texttt{groupedaddress} option.}
+\item \textbf{There have been many other bug fixes and improvements to the internal \texttt{ltxgrid} package as well.}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{\revtex~4 Backwards Compatibility}
+Documents prepared under \revtex~4 should process correctly under \revtex~4.1. However, the formatting of the pages and, if using Bib\TeX, the references may change.
+
+
+
+\subsection{Submitting to APS Journals}
+
+Authors using \revtex~4.1 to prepare a manuscript for submission to
+\textit{Physical Review Letters}, \textit{Physical Review}, \textit{Reviews of Modern Physics},
+or other APS journals must also read the companion document \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.1}
+distributed with \revtex\ and follow the guidelines detailed there.
+
+The \revtex~4.1 distribution includes both a template
+(\file{apstemplate.tex}) and a sample document (\file{apssamp.tex}).
+The template is a good starting point for a manuscript. In the
+following sections are instructions that should be sufficient for
+creating a paper using \revtex~4.1.
+
+Further information about submissions to the American
+Physical Society may be found at \url{http://publish.aps.org/}.
+
+\subsection{Submitting to AIP Journals}
+
+\revtex~4.1 includes support for the journals of the American Institute of Physics.
+The style files and authoring guides for these journals are distributed as part
+\revtex~4.1 distribution. The distribution includes both a template
+(\file{aiptemplate.tex}) and a sample document (\file{aipsamp.tex}).
+The template is a good starting point for a manuscript. In the
+following sections are instructions that should be sufficient for
+creating a paper using \revtex~4.1.
+
+
+
+More information may be found at
+\url{http://www.aip.org/pubservs/compuscript.html}. Please consult the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.1} for more information about submissions to AIP journals, AIP styles files, and other AIP-specific information.
+
+\subsection{Contact Information}\label{sec:aipresources}%
+Any bugs, problems, or inconsistencies with \revtex\ or the APS journal style files should be reported to
+\revtex\ support at \verb+revtex@aps.org+. Reports should include information on the error and a \textit{small}
+sample document that manifests the problem if possible (please don't send large files!). Issues related to the AIP journal styles should be sent directly to \verb+tex@aip.org+.
+
+\section{Some \LaTeXe\ Basics}
+\revtex~4.1 must sometimes patch the underlying
+\LaTeX\ kernel. This means that \revtex~4.1 requires a fairly recent version of
+\LaTeXe. Versions prior to 2005/12/01 may not work
+correctly. \revtex~4.1 will be maintained to be compatible with future
+versions of \LaTeXe.
+
+\subsection{Useful \LaTeXe\ Markup}
+\LaTeXe\ markup is the preferred way to accomplish many basic tasks.
+
+\subsubsection{Fonts}
+
+Because \revtex~4.1 is based upon \LaTeXe, it inherits all of the
+macros used for controlling fonts. Of particular importance are the
+\LaTeXe\ macros \cmd{\textit}, \cmd{\textbf}, \cmd{\texttt} for changing to
+an italic, bold, or typewriter font respectively. One should always
+use these macros rather than the lower-level \TeX\ macros \cmd{\it},
+\cmd{\bf}, and \cmd{\tt}. The \LaTeXe\ macros offer
+improvements such as better italic correction and scaling in super-
+and subscripts for example. Table~\ref{tab:fonts}
+summarizes the font selection commands in \LaTeXe.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption{\label{tab:fonts}\LaTeXe\ font commands}
+\begin{ruledtabular}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Text Fonts}}\\
+\textbf{Font command} & \textbf{Explanation} \\
+\cmd\textit\marg{text} & Italics\\
+\cmd\textbf\marg{text} & Boldface\\
+\cmd\texttt\marg{text} & Typewriter\\
+\cmd\textrm\marg{text} & Roman\\
+\cmd\textsl\marg{text} & Slanted\\
+\cmd\textsf\marg{text} & Sans Serif\\
+\cmd\textsc\marg{text} & Small Caps\\
+\cmd\textmd\marg{text} & Medium Series\\
+\cmd\textnormal\marg{text} & Normal Series\\
+\cmd\textup\marg{text} & Upright Series\\
+ &\\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Math Fonts}}\\
+\cmd\mathit\marg{text} & Math Italics\\
+\cmd\mathbf\marg{text} & Math Boldface\\
+\cmd\mathtt\marg{text} & Math Typewriter\\
+\cmd\mathsf\marg{text} & Math Sans Serif\\
+\cmd\mathcal\marg{text} & Calligraphic\\
+\cmd\mathnormal\marg{text} & Math Normal\\
+\cmd\bm\marg{text}& Bold math for Greek letters\\
+ & and other symbols\\
+\cmd\mathfrak\marg{text}\footnotemark[1] & Fraktur\\
+\cmd\mathbb\marg{text}\footnotemark[1] & Blackboard Bold\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{ruledtabular}
+\footnotetext[1]{Requires \classname{amsfonts} or \classname{amssymb} class option}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsubsection{User-defined macros}
+\LaTeXe\ provides several macros that enable users to easily create new
+macros for use in their manuscripts:
+\begin{itemize}
+\footnotesize
+\item \cmd\newcommand\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\item \cmd\newcommand\verb+*+\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\item \cmd\renewcommand\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\item \cmd\renewcommand\verb+*+\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\item \cmd\providecommand\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\item \cmd\providecommand\verb+*+\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\end{itemize}
+Here \meta{\\command} is the name of the macro being defined,
+\meta{narg} is the number of arguments the macro takes,
+\meta{opt} are optional default values for the arguments, and
+\meta{def} is the actually macro definiton. \cmd\newcommand\ creates a
+new macro, \cmd\renewcommand\ redefines a previously defined macro,
+and \cmd\providecommand\ will define a macro only if it hasn't
+been defined previously. The *-ed versions are an optimization that
+indicates that the macro arguments will always be ``short'' arguments. This is
+almost always the case, so the *-ed versions should be used whenver
+possible.
+
+The use of these macros is preferred over using plain \TeX's low-level
+macros such as
+\cmd\def{},\cmd\edef{}, and \cmd\gdef{}. APS authors must follow the
+\textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.1} when defining macros.
+
+\subsubsection{Symbols}
+
+\LaTeXe\ has added some convenient commands for some special symbols
+and effects. These are summarized in Table~\ref{tab:special}. See
+\cite{Guide} for details.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption{\label{tab:special}\LaTeXe\ commands for special symbols and effects}
+\begin{ruledtabular}
+\begin{tabular}{lc}
+Command & Symbol/Effect\\
+\cmd\textemdash & \textemdash\\
+\cmd\textendash & \textendash\\
+\cmd\textexclamdown & \textexclamdown\\
+\cmd\textquestiondown & \textquestiondown\\
+\cmd\textquotedblleft & \textquotedblleft\\
+\cmd\textquotedblright & \textquotedblright\\
+\cmd\textquoteleft & \textquoteleft\\
+\cmd\textquoteright & \textquoteright\\
+\cmd\textbullet & \textbullet\\
+\cmd\textperiodcentered & \textperiodcentered\\
+\cmd\textvisiblespace & \textvisiblespace\\
+\cmd\textcompworkmark & Break a ligature\\
+\cmd\textcircled\marg{char} & Circle a character\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{ruledtabular}
+\end{table}
+
+\LaTeXe\ provides additional symbols in a
+separate package called \classname{latexsym}. To use these symbols, include
+the package using:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Using \LaTeXe\ packages with \revtex}\label{sec:usepackage}%
+
+Many \LaTeXe\ packages are available, for instance, on CTAN at
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/}
+and at
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/}
+or may be available on other distribution media, such as the \TeX\
+Live CD-ROM \url{http://www.tug.org/texlive/}. Some of these packages
+are automatically loaded by \revtex~4.1 when certain class options are
+invoked and are, thus, ``required.'' They will either be distributed
+with \revtex\ or are already included with a standard \LaTeXe\
+distribution.
+
+Required packages are automatically loaded by \revtex\ on an as-needed
+basis. Other packages should be loaded using the
+\cmd\usepackage\ command. To load the
+\classname{hyperref} package, the document preamble might look like:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{revtex}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Some common (and very useful) \LaTeXe\ packages are \textit{a priori}
+important enough that \revtex~4.1 has been designed to be specifically
+compatible with them.
+A bug stemming from the use of one of these packages in
+conjunction with any of the APS journals may be reported by contacting
+\revtex\ support.
+\begin{description}
+\item[\textbf{AMS packages}] \revtex~4.1 is compatible with and depends
+ upon the AMS packages
+\classname{amsfonts},
+\classname{amssymb}, and
+\classname{amsmath}. In fact, \revtex~4.1 requires use of these packages
+to accomplish some common tasks. See Section~\ref{sec:math} for more.
+\revtex~4.1 requires version 2.0 or higher of the AMS-\LaTeX\ package.
+
+\item[\textbf{array and dcolumn}]
+The \classname{array} and \classname{dcolumn} packages are part of
+\LaTeX's required suite of packages. \classname{dcolumn} is required
+to align table columns on decimal points (and it in turn depends upon
+the \classname{array} package).
+
+\item[\textbf{longtable}]
+\file{longtable.sty} may be used for large tables that will span more than one
+page. \revtex~4.1 dynamically applies patches to longtable.sty so that
+it will work in two-column mode.
+
+\item[\textbf{hyperref}] \file{hyperref.sty} is a package by Sebastian Rahtz that is
+used for putting hypertext links into \LaTeXe\ documents.
+\revtex~4.1 has hooks to allow e-mail addresses and URL's to become
+hyperlinks if \classname{hyperref} is loaded.
+
+\item[\textbf{lineno}] \revtex~4.1 improves compatibility with \classname{lineno.sty}. This package should only be loaded via the new \classoption{linenumbers} class option. See Section~\ref{sec:lineno} for more information.
+
+\item[\textbf{lscape}] \revtex~4.1 improves compatibility with \classname{lscape.sty}.
+
+\item[\textbf{geometry}] \revtex~4.1 improves compatibility with \classname{geometry.sty}.
+
+\item[\textbf{colortbl}] \revtex~4.1 improves compatibility with \classname{colortbl.sty}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+Other packages will conflict with \revtex~4.1 and should be
+avoided. Usually such a conflict arises because the package adds
+enhancements that \revtex~4.1 already includes. Here are some common
+packages that clash with \revtex~4.1:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\textbf{multicol}] \file{multicol.sty} is a package by Frank Mittelbach
+that adds support for multiple columns. In fact, early versions of
+\revtex~4.1 used \file{multicol.sty} for precisely this. \revtex~4.1
+incorporates its own support for multiple-column typesetting.
+
+\item[\textbf{cite}] Donald Arseneau's \file{cite.sty} is often used to provide
+support for sorting a \cmd\cite\ command's arguments into numerical
+order and to collapse consecutive runs of reference numbers. \revtex~4.1
+has this functionality built-in already via the \classname{natbib} package.
+
+\item[\textbf{mcite}] \revtex~4.1 already contains a lot of this
+functionality through its updated syntax for the \cmd\cite\ command and
+the latest \classname{natbib} package.
+
+\item[\textbf{endfloat}] The same functionality can be accomplished
+using the \classoption{endfloats} class option.
+
+\item[\textbf{float}] \texttt{float.sty} provides a mechanism for creating new float classes with just a few commands. \revtex~4.1 has limited compatible with float.sty. If attempting to use this package, be sure to put any \cmd\newfloat\ commands after the \verb+\begin{document}+ line.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\section{The Document Preamble}
+
+The preamble of a \LaTeX\ document is the set of commands that precede
+the \envb{document} line. It contains a
+\cmd\documentclass\ line to load the \revtex~4.1 class (\textit{i.e.},
+all of the \revtex~4.1 macro definitions), \cmd\usepackage\ macros to
+load other macro packages, and other macro definitions.
+
+\subsection{The \emph{documentclass} line}
+The basic formatting of the manuscript is controlled by setting
+\emph{class options} using
+\cmd\documentclass\oarg{options}\aarg{\classname{revtex4-1}}.
+The optional arguments that appear in the square brackets control the layout of the
+document. At this point, one only needs to choose:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Either the \classoption{aps} (default) or \classoption{aip} society option
+\item One of the chosen society's journal styles such as \classoption{prl} or \classoption{apl}
+\item A layout option such as \classoption{preprint} (single-column formatting), \classoption{reprint} (an approximation
+to the selected journal's actual layout which may be one- or two-column depending on the journal), or \classoption{twocolumn}
+\end{itemize}
+Usually, one would want to use \classoption{preprint} for draft papers. Paper size options are also
+available as well. In particular, \classoption{a4paper} is available
+as well as the rest of the standard \LaTeX\ paper sizes. A
+full list of class options is given in the \textit{\revtex~4.1 Command
+and Options Summary}.
+
+\subsection{Loading other packages}
+Other packages may be loaded into a \revtex~4.1 document by using the
+standard \LaTeXe\ \cmd\usepackage\ command. For instance, to load
+the \classoption{graphics} package, one would use
+\verb+\usepackage{graphics}+.
+
+\section{The Front Matter}\label{sec:front}
+
+After choosing the basic look and feel of the document by selecting
+the appropriate class options and loading in whatever other macros are
+needed, one is ready to move on to creating a new manuscript. After
+the preamble, be sure to put in a \envb{document} line (and put
+in an \enve{document} as well). This section describes the macros
+\revtex~4.1 provides for formatting the front matter of the
+article. The behavior and usage of these macros can be quite
+different from those provided in the \LaTeXe\ \classname{article} class.
+\subsection{Setting the title}
+
+The title of the manuscript is simply specified by using the
+\cmd\title\aarg{title} macro. A \verb+\\+ may be used to put a line
+break in a long title.
+
+\subsection{Specifying a date}%
+
+The \cmd\date\marg{date} command outputs the date on the
+manuscript. Using \cmd\today\ will cause \LaTeX{} to insert the
+current date whenever the file is run:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\date{\today}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Specifying authors and affiliations}
+
+The \revtex~4.1 macros for specifying authors and their affiliations are designed
+ to save labor for authors and during production. Authors and affiliations are
+arranged into groupings called, appropriately enough, \emph{author
+groups}. Each author group is a set of authors who share the same set
+of affiliations. Author names are specified with the \cmd\author\
+macro while affiliations (or addresses) are specified with the
+\cmd\affiliation\ macro. Author groups are specified by sequences of
+\cmd\author\ macros followed by \cmd\affiliation\ macros. An
+\cmd\affiliation\ macro applies to all previously specified
+\cmd\author\ macros which don't already have an affiliation supplied.
+
+For example, if Bugs Bunny and Roger Rabbit are both at Looney Tune
+Studios, while Mickey Mouse is at Disney World, the markup would be:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Bugs Bunny}
+\author{Roger Rabbit}
+\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
+\author{Mickey Mouse}
+\affiliation{Disney World}
+\end{verbatim}
+The default is to display this as
+\begin{center}
+Bugs Bunny and Roger Rabbit\\
+\emph{Looney Tune Studios}\\
+Mickey Mouse\\
+\emph{Disney World}\\
+\end{center}
+This layout style for displaying authors and their affiliations is
+chosen by selecting the class option
+\classoption{groupedaddress}. Journal styles usually default this option,
+ so it need not be specified explicitly. The other major way of displaying this
+information is to use superscripts on the authors and
+affiliations. This can be accomplished by selecting the class option
+\classoption{superscriptaddress}. To achieve the display
+\begin{center}
+Bugs Bunny,$^{1}$ Roger Rabbit,$^{1,2}$ and Mickey Mouse$^{2}$\\
+\emph{$^{1}$Looney Tune Studios}\\
+\emph{$^{2}$Disney World}\\
+\end{center}
+one would use the markup
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Bugs Bunny}
+\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
+\author{Roger Rabbit}
+\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
+\affiliation{Disney World}
+\author{Mickey Mouse}
+\affiliation{Disney World}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Note that \revtex~4.1 takes care of any commas and \emph{and}'s that join
+the author names together and font selection, as well as any
+superscript numbering. Only the author names and affiliations should
+be given within their respective macros. See below for further information
+regarding the proper way to add footnotes to author names and affiliations.
+
+There is a third class option, \classoption{unsortedaddress}, for
+controlling author/affiliation display. The default
+\classoption{groupedaddress} will actually sort authors into the
+approriate author groups if one chooses to specify an affiliation for
+each author. The markup:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Bugs Bunny}
+\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
+\author{Mickey Mouse}
+\affiliation{Disney World}
+\author{Roger Rabbit}
+\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
+\end{verbatim}
+will result in the same display as for the first case given
+above even though Roger Rabbit is specified after Mickey Mouse. To
+avoid Roger Rabbit being moved into the same author group as Bugs
+Bunny, use the
+\classoption{unsortedaddress} option instead. In general, it is safest
+to list authors in the order they should appear and specify
+affiliations for multiple authors rather than one at a time. This will
+afford the most independence for choosing the display option. Finally,
+it should be mentioned that the affiliations for the
+\classoption{superscriptaddress} are presented and numbered
+in the order that they are encountered. These means that the order
+will usually follow the order of the authors. An alternative ordering
+can be forced by including a list of \cmd\affiliation\ commands before
+the first \cmd{\author} in the desired order. Then use the exact same
+text for each affilation when specifying them for each author.
+
+If an author doesn't have an affiliation, the \cmd\noaffiliation\
+macro may be used in the place of an \cmd\affiliation\ macro.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Collaborations}
+
+A collaboration name can be specified with the \cmd\collaboration\
+command. This is very similar to the \cmd\author\ command. In \revtex~4.1, it can
+be used with both the \classoption{superscriptaddress} and \classoption{groupedaddress} class options. The
+\cmd\collaboration\ command should appear at the end of the list of
+authors. The collaboration name will be appear centered in parentheses
+between the list of authors and the list of
+affiliations. Because collaborations
+don't normally have affiliations, one needs to follow the
+\cmd\collaboration\ with \cmd\noaffiliation.
+
+\subsubsection{Footnotes for authors, collaborations, affiliations or title}\label{sec:footau}
+
+Often one wants to specify additional information associated with an
+author, collaboration, or affiliation such as an e-mail address, an
+alternate affiliation, or some other ancillary information.
+\revtex~4.1 introduces several new macros just for this purpose. They
+are:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\cmd\email\oarg{optional text}\aarg{e-mail address}
+\item\cmd\homepage\oarg{optional text}\aarg{URL}
+\item\cmd\altaffiliation\oarg{optional text}\aarg{affiliation}
+\item\cmd\thanks\aarg{miscellaneous text}
+\end{itemize}
+In the first three, the \emph{optional text} will be prepended before the
+actual information specified in the required argument. In the APS journal style files, \cmd\email\ and \cmd\homepage\ no longer have a default value. However, in the AIP styles, each have a default text for their optional arguments
+(`Electronic address:' and `URL:' respectively). The \cmd\thanks\
+macro should only be used if one of the other three do not apply. Any
+author name can have multiple occurences of these four macros. Note
+that unlike the
+\cmd\affiliation\ macro, these macros only apply to the \cmd\author\
+that directly precedes it. Any \cmd\affiliation\ \emph{must} follow
+the other author-specific macros. A typical usage might be as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Bugs Bunny}
+\email[E-mail me at: ]{bugs@looney.com}
+\homepage[Visit: ]{http://looney.com/}
+\altaffiliation[Permanent address: ]
+ {Warner Brothers}
+\affiliation{Looney Tunes}
+\end{verbatim}
+This would result in the footnote ``E-mail me at: \texttt{bugs@looney.com},
+Visit: \texttt{http://looney.com/}, Permanent address: Warner
+Brothers'' being attached to Bugs Bunny. Note that:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Only an e-mail address, URL, or affiliation should go in the
+required argument in the curly braces.
+\item The font is automatically taken care of.
+\item An explicit space is needed at the end of the optional text if one is
+desired in the output.
+\item Use the optional arguments to provide customized
+text only if there is a good reason to.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The \cmd\collaboration\ , \cmd\affiliation\ , or even \cmd\title\ can
+also have footnotes attached via these commands. If any ancillary data
+(\cmd\thanks, \cmd\email, \cmd\homepage, or
+\cmd\altaffiliation) are given in the wrong context (e.g., before any
+\cmd\title, \cmd\author, \cmd\collaboration, or \cmd\affiliation\
+command has been given), then a warning is given in the \TeX\ log, and
+the command is ignored.
+
+Duplicate sets of ancillary data are merged, giving rise to a single
+shared footnote. However, this only applies if the ancillary data are
+identical: even the order of the commands specifying the data must be
+identical. Thus, for example, two authors can share a single footnote
+indicating a group e-mail address.
+
+Duplicate \cmd\affiliation\ commands may be given in the course of the
+front matter, without the danger of producing extraneous affiliations
+on the title page. However, ancillary data should be specified for
+only the first instance of any particular institution's
+\cmd\affiliation\ command; a later instance with different ancillary
+data will result in a warning in the \TeX\ log.
+
+It is preferable to arrange authors into
+sets. Within each set all the authors share the same group of
+affiliations. For each author, give the \cmd\author\ (and appropriate
+ancillary data), then follow this author group with the needed group
+of \cmd\affiliation\ commands.
+
+If affiliations have been listed before the first
+\cmd\author\ macro to ensure a particular ordering, be sure
+that any later \cmd\affiliation\ command for the given institution is
+an exact copy of the first, and also ensure that no ancillary data is
+given in these later instances.
+
+
+Each journal class option has a default behavior for the placement of these
+ancillary information footnotes. For instance, the \classoption{prb} option puts all
+such footnotes at the start of the bibliography while the \classoption{prl}
+journal styles displays them on the first page. One can override a
+journal style's default behavior by specifying explicitly the class
+option
+\classoption{bibnotes} (puts the footnotes at the start of the
+bibliography) or \classoption{nobibnotes} (puts them on the first page).
+Please consult the documentation for the various journal style files for further information.
+
+\subsubsection{Specifying first names and surnames}
+
+Many authors have names in which either the surname appears first
+or in which the surname is made up of more than one name. To ensure
+that such names are accurately captured for indexing and other
+purposes, the \cmd\surname\ macro should be used to indicate which portion
+of a name is the surname. Similarly, there is a \cmd\firstname\ macro
+as well, although usage of \cmd\surname\ should be sufficient. If an
+author's surname is a single name and written last, it is not
+necessary to use these macros. These macros do nothing but indicate
+how a name should be indexed. Here are some examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Andrew \surname{Lloyd Weber}}
+\author{\surname{Mao} Tse-Tung}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{The abstract}
+An abstract for a paper is specified by using the \env{abstract}
+environment:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{abstract}
+Text of abstract
+\end{abstract}
+\end{verbatim}
+Note that in \revtex~4.1 the abstract must be specified before the
+\cmd\maketitle\ command and there is no need to embed it in an explicit
+minipage environment.
+
+\subsubsection{Structured abstracts}
+A new feature in \revtex~4.1 is support for \textit{structured abstracts}. A ``structured" abstract is an abstract divided into labeled sections. For instance, \textit{Physical Review C} would like authors to provide abstracts with sections summarizing the paper's \textbf{Background}, \textbf{Purpose}, \textbf{Method}, \textbf{Results}, and \textbf{Conclusions}. This can be accomplished by using the \texttt{description} environment within the \texttt{abstract} environment. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{abstract}
+\begin{description}
+\item[Background] This part would describe the
+context needed to understand what the paper
+is about.
+\item[Purpose] This part would state the purpose
+of the present paper.
+\item[Method] This part describe the methods
+used in the paper.
+\item[Results] This part would summarize the
+results.
+\item[Conclusions] This part would state the
+conclusions of the paper.
+\end{description}
+\end{abstract}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{PACS codes}
+APS and AIP authors are asked to supply suggested PACS codes with their
+submissions. The \cmd\pacs\ macro is provided as a way to do this:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pacs{23.23.+x, 56.65.Dy}
+\end{verbatim}
+The actual display of the PACS numbers below the abstract is
+controlled by two class options: \classoption{showpacs} and
+\classoption{noshowpacs}. In particular, this is now independent of
+the \classoption{preprint} option. \classoption{showpacs} must be
+explicitly included in the class options to display the PACS codes.
+
+\subsection{Keywords}
+A \cmd\keywords\ macro may also be used to indicate keywords for the
+article.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\keywords{nuclear form; yrast level}
+\end{verbatim}
+This will be displayed below the abstract and PACS (if supplied). Like
+PACS codes, the actual display of the the keywords is controlled by
+two classoptions: \classoption{showkeys} and
+\classoption{noshowkeys}. An explicit \classoption{showkeys} must be
+included in the \cmd\documentclass\ line to display the keywords.
+
+\subsection{Institutional report numbers}
+Institutional report numbers can be specified using the \cmd\preprint\
+macro. If the \classoption{preprintnumbers} class option is specified, these will be displayed in the upper right corner of the first page. Multiple \cmd\preprint\ macros maybe supplied (space is
+limited though, so only three or less may actually fit). Please note that the \classoption{preprint} class option does not automatically invoke \classoption{preprintnumbers}.
+
+\subsection{maketitle}
+After specifying the title, authors, affiliations, abstract, PACS
+codes, and report numbers, the final step for formatting the front
+matter of the manuscript is to execute the \cmd\maketitle\ macro by
+simply including it:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\maketitle
+\end{verbatim}
+The \cmd\maketitle\ macro must follow all of the macros listed
+above. The macro will format the front matter in accordance with the various
+class options that were specified in the
+\cmd\documentclass\ line (either implicitly through defaults or
+explicitly).
+
+\section{The body of the paper}
+
+For typesetting the body of a paper, \revtex~4.1 relies heavily on
+standard \LaTeXe\ and other packages (particulary those that are part
+of AMS-\LaTeX). Users unfamiliar with these packages should read the
+following sections carefully.
+
+\subsection{Section headings}
+
+Section headings are input as in \LaTeX.
+The output is similar, with a few extra features.
+
+Four levels of headings are available in \revtex{}:
+\begin{quote}
+\cmd\section\marg{title text}\\
+\cmd\subsection\marg{title text}\\
+\cmd\subsubsection\marg{title text}\\
+\cmd\paragraph\marg{title text}
+\end{quote}
+
+Use the starred form of the command to suppress the automatic numbering; e.g.,
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section*{Introduction}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+To label a section heading for cross referencing, best practice is to
+place the \cmd\label\marg{key} within the argument specifying the heading:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+In some journal substyles, such as those of the APS,
+all text in the \cmd\section\ command is automatically set uppercase.
+If a lowercase letter is needed, use \cmd\lowercase\aarg{x}.
+For example, to use ``He'' for helium in a \cmd\section\marg{title text} command, type
+\verb+H+\cmd\lowercase\aarg{e} in \marg{title text}.
+
+Use \cmd\protect\verb+\\+ to force a line break in a section heading.
+(Fragile commands must be protected in section headings, captions, and
+footnotes and \verb+\\+ is a fragile command.)
+
+\subsection{Paragraphs and General Text}
+
+Paragraphs always end with a blank input line. Because \TeX\
+automatically calculates linebreaks and word hyphenation in a
+paragraph, it is not necessary to force linebreaks or hyphenation. Of
+course, compound words should still be explicitly hyphenated, e.g.,
+``author-prepared copy.''
+
+Use directional quotes for quotation marks around quoted text
+(\texttt{``xxx''}), not straight double quotes (\texttt{"xxx"}).
+For opening quotes, use one or two backquotes; for closing quotes,
+use one or two forward quotes (apostrophes).
+
+\subsection{One-column vs. two-column layouts}\label{sec:widetext}
+
+One of the hallmarks of \textit{Physical Review} and many of the AIP journals is their two-column
+formatting. \revtex~4.1 provides the \classoption{reprint} class option that provides for each
+journal class option a close approximation to the journal's actual production formatting. Note that
+the \classoption{reprint} option will give either one or two-column formatting as appropriate for the particular journal.
+For most APS and AIP journals, the \classoption{reprint} option will take care of formatting the front matter
+(including the abstract) as a single column and will typeset the body in two columns. \revtex~4.1 has its own
+built-in two-column formatting macros to provide well-balanced columns as well as reasonable control over the placement of floats in either
+one- or two-column modes. When drafting papers, it is common to use a one-column format. This is best achieved by using the
+\classoption{preprint} class option. Authors may override a particular journal's formatting by using the lower level options \classoption{onecolumn} and \classoption{twocolum}, but best practice is to stick with the \classoption{preprint} and \classoption{reprint} options.
+
+Please note that the \classoption{reprint} class option is only an \textit{approximation} of a journal's final layout. Because of font differences, figure rescaling, and other factors, authors should not expect the \classoption{reprint} option to give fully accurate estimates of an article's ultimate length after being typeset for the journal.
+
+Occasionally it is necessary to change the formatting from two-column to
+one-column to better accommodate very long equations that are more
+easily read when typeset to the full width of the page. This is
+accomplished using the \env{widetext} environment:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{widetext}
+long equation goes here
+\end{widetext}
+\end{verbatim}
+In two-column mode, this will temporarily return to one-column mode,
+balancing the text before the environment into two short columns, and
+returning to two-column mode after the environment has
+finished. \revtex~4.1 will also add horizontal rules to guide the
+reader's eye through what may otherwise be a confusing break in the
+flow of text. The
+\env{widetext} environment has no effect on the output under the
+\classoption{preprint} class option because this already uses
+one-column formatting.
+
+Use of the \env{widetext} environment should be restricted to the bare
+minimum of text that needs to be typeset this way. However, short pieces
+of paragraph text and/or math between nearly contiguous wide equations
+should be incorporated into the surrounding wide sections.
+
+Low-level control over the column grid can be accomplished with the
+\cmd\onecolumngrid\ and \cmd\twocolumngrid\ commands. Using these, one
+can avoid the horizontal rules added by \env{widetext}. These commands
+should only be used if absolutely necessary. Wide figures and tables
+should be accommodated using the proper \verb+*+ environments.
+
+\subsection{Cross-referencing}\label{sec:xrefs}
+
+\revtex{} inherits the \LaTeXe\ features for labeling and cross-referencing
+section headings, equations, tables, and figures. This section
+contains a simplified explanation of these cross-referencing features.
+The proper usage in the context of section headings, equations,
+tables, and figures is discussed in the appropriate sections.
+
+Cross-referencing depends upon the use of ``tags,'' which are defined by
+the user. The \cmd\label\marg{key} command is used to identify tags for
+\revtex. Tags are strings of characters that serve to label section
+headings, equations, tables, and figures that replace explicit,
+by-hand numbering.
+
+Files that use cross-referencing (and almost all manuscripts do)
+need to be processed through \revtex\ at least twice to
+ensure that the tags have been properly linked to appropriate numbers.
+If any tags are added in subsequent editing sessions,
+\LaTeX{} will display a warning message in the log file that ends with
+\texttt{... Rerun to get cross-references right}.
+Running the file through \revtex\ again (possibly more than once) will
+resolve the cross-references. If the error message persists, check
+the labels; the same \marg{key} may have been used to label more than one
+object.
+
+Another \LaTeX\ warning is \texttt{There were undefined references},
+which indicates the use of a key in a \cmd\ref\ without ever
+using it in a \cmd\label\ statement.
+
+\revtex{} performs autonumbering exactly as in standard \LaTeX.
+When the file is processed for the first time,
+\LaTeX\ creates an auxiliary file (with the \file{.aux} extension) that
+records the value of each \meta{key}. Each subsequent run retrieves
+the proper number from the auxiliary file and updates the auxiliary
+file. At the end of each run, any change in the value of a \meta{key}
+produces a \LaTeX\ warning message.
+
+Note that with footnotes appearing in the bibliography, extra passes
+of \LaTeX\ may be needed to resolve all cross-references. For
+instance, putting a \cmd\cite\ inside a \cmd\footnote\ will require at
+least three passes.
+
+Using the \classname{hyperref} package to create hyperlinked PDF files
+will cause reference ranges to be expanded to list every
+reference in the range. This behavior can be avoided by using the
+\classname{hypernat} package available from \url{www.ctan.org}.
+
+\subsection{Acknowledgments}
+Use the \env{acknowledgments} environment for an acknowledgments
+section. Depending on the journal substyle, this element may be
+formatted as an unnumbered section title \textit{Acknowledgments} or
+simply as a paragraph. Please note the spelling of
+``acknowledgments.''
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{acknowledgments}
+The authors would like to thank...
+\end{acknowledgments}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Appendices}
+The \cmd\appendix\ command signals that all following sections are
+appendices, so \cmd\section\marg{title text} after \cmd\appendix\ will set
+\marg{title text} as an appendix heading (an empty \marg{title text}
+is permitted). For a single appendix, use a
+\cmd\appendix\verb+*+ followed by \cmd\section\marg{title text}
+command to suppress the appendix letter in the section heading.
+
+\subsection{\label{sec:lineno}Line numbering}
+\revtex~4.1 provides the \classoption{linenumbers} class option to enable line numbering. While it is
+possible to directly call in the \classname{lineno.sty}, using the class option ensures
+that the default parameters needed to properly typeset the line numbers are set up correctly. It is
+still possible for authors to override parameters such as \cmd\linenumbersep\ as usual, however.
+
+\section{Math and equations}\label{sec:math}
+
+\subsection{Math in text}
+
+Not surprisingly, \revtex\ uses the \TeX\ math \verb+$+ delimiters
+for math embedded in text. For example,
+\verb|$a^{z}$| give $a^{z}$. Within math mode, use
+\verb+^+\marg{math} for superscripts and
+\verb+_+\marg{math} for subscripts. If the braces after the
+\verb+^+ are omitted, \TeX{} will
+superscript the next \emph{token} (generally a single character or
+command). Thus it is safest to use explicit braces \verb+{}+.
+
+As with text, math should not require extensive explicit vertical or
+horzontal motion commands, because \TeX\ calculates math spacing
+itself automatically. In particular, explicit spacing around
+relations (e.g., $=$) or operators (e.g., $+$) should be
+unnecessary. These suggestions notwithstanding, some fine-tuning of
+math is required in specific cases, see Chapter~18 in the \TeX
+book\cite{TeXbook}.
+
+\subsection{Text in math}\label{sec:textinmath}
+
+There are times when normal, non-italic text needs to be inserted
+into a math expression. The \cmd\text\marg{text} command is the
+preferred method of accomplishing this. It produces regular text
+\emph{and} scales correctly in superscripts:
+\verb+$y=x \text{ for } x_{\text{e-p}}$+ gives
+``$y=x \text{ for } x_{\text{e-p}}$''. To use the \cmd\text\ command,
+the \classname{amsmath} package must be loaded: include a
+\cmd\usepackage\aarg{\classname{amsmath}} command in the document
+preamble or use the class option \classoption{amsmath}. Please note
+that \revtex~4.1 requires version 2.0 or higher of \classname{amsmath}.
+
+Other common alternatives may be less desirable. Using the standard
+\LaTeXe\ \cmd\mbox\marg{text} will give normal text, including a hyphen,
+but will not scale correctly in superscripts:
+\verb+$x_{\mbox{e-p}}$+ gives ``$x_{\mbox{e-p}}$''.
+The \cmd\rm\ command
+only switches to Roman font for math letters. It does not, for
+example, handle hyphens correctly:
+\verb+$$x_{\rm{e-p}}$+ gives ``$x_{\rm e-p}$''. But note that
+\cmd\textrm{}, it does work: \verb+$x_{\textrm{e-p}}$+ gives ``$x_{\textrm{e-p}}$''.
+
+\subsection{Displayed equations}\label{sec:dispmath}
+
+Equations are set centered in the column width or flush left depending
+on the selected journal substyle.
+
+For the simplest type of displayed equation, a numbered, one-line
+equation, use the \env{equation} environment.
+\revtex\ takes care of the equation number%
+---the number will be set below the equation if necessary.
+Use \cmd\[\dots\cmd\] for a single, one-line unnumbered display equation.
+
+Use the \env{eqnarray} environment when more than one consecutive
+equation occurs, putting each equation in a separate row of the
+environment, and using \cmd\nonumber\ before the row end (\cmd\\) to
+suppress the equation number where necessary. If the equations are
+related to each other, align each on the respective relation operator
+(such as $=$).
+
+When an equation is broken over lines or is continued over multiple
+relation operators, it is called a multi-line or continued equation,
+respectively; here, too, use the \env{eqnarray} environment.
+
+For a continued equation, align each row on the relation operator just
+as with multiple equations, and use the \cmd\nonumber\ command to
+suppress auto-numbering on broken lines. Also, use the starred form
+of the row end (\cmd\\\verb+*+) to prevent a pagebreak at that
+juncture.
+
+Short displayed equations that can appear together on a single line
+separated by \cmd\qquad\ space may be placed in a single
+\env{equation} environment.
+
+As explained in Section~\ref{sec:widetext}, occasionally in two-column
+mode a long equation, in order to fit it in the narrow column width,
+would need to be broken into so many lines that it would affect
+readibility. Set it in a wide column using the \env{widetext}
+environment. Then return to the normal text width as soon as
+possible.
+
+The sample file \file{apssamp.tex} illustrates how to obtain each of
+the above effects.
+
+\subsection{Numbering displayed equations}
+
+\revtex~4.1 automatically numbers equations.
+For single-line and multi-line equations, use the
+\env{equation} and \env{eqnarray} environments as described above.
+For unnumbered single-line equations, use the \verb+\[+\dots\verb+\]+
+construction. The command \cmd\nonumber\ will suppress the numbering
+on a single line of an
+\env{eqnarray}.
+For a multi-line equation with no equation numbers at all,
+use the \env{eqnarray*} environment.
+
+A series of equations can be a labeled with a lettered sequence,
+e.g., (3a), (3b), and (3c), by
+putting the respective \env{equation} or \env{eqnarray} environment within a
+\env{subequations} environment.
+The \classname{amsmath} package (can be loaded with the
+\classoption{amsmath} class option) is required for this.
+
+Use the command \cmd\tag\marg{number} to produce an idiosyncratic
+equation number: $(1')$, for example. Numbers assigned by \cmd\tag\
+are completely independent of \revtex's automatic numbering. The
+package \classname{amsmath} is required for using the \cmd\tag\
+command. Please
+note that the use of the \texttt{tag} command may conflict with the use of the \classoption{hyperref} package
+due an incompatibility between \classoption{amsmath} and \classoption{hyperref}.
+
+To have \revtex{} reset the equation numbers at the start of each section,
+use the \classoption{eqsecnum} class option in the document preamble.
+
+See the sample file \file{apssamp.tex} for some examples.
+
+\subsection{Cross-referencing displayed equations}
+
+To refer to a numbered equation, use
+the \cmd\label\marg{key} and \cmd\ref\marg{key} commands.
+The \cmd\label\marg{key} command is used within the referenced equation
+(on the desired line of the \env{eqnarray}, if a multi-line equation):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{equation}
+ A=B \label{pauli}
+\end{equation}
+ ... It follows from Eq.~(\ref{pauli})
+that this is the case ...
+\begin{eqnarray}
+ A & = &B,\label{pauli2}\\
+ A'& = &B'
+\end{eqnarray}
+\end{verbatim}
+gives
+\begin{equation}
+A=B \label{pauli}
+\end{equation}
+ ... It follows from Eq.~(\ref{pauli})
+that this is the case ...
+\begin{eqnarray}
+A & = &B,\label{pauli2}\\
+A'& = &B'
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+Please note the parentheses surrounding the \cmd\ref\ command.
+These are \emph{not} provided automatically and, thus, must be
+explicitly incorporated.
+
+Numbers produced with \cmd\tag\ can also be cross-referenced by adding
+a \cmd\label\ command after the \cmd\tag\ command.
+
+Using a \cmd\label\ after \envb{subequations} to reference the
+\emph{general} number of the equations in the
+\env{subequations} environment. For example, if
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{subequations}
+ \label{allequations} % notice location
+ \begin{eqnarray}
+ E&=&mc^2,\label{equationa}
+ \\
+ E&=&mc^2,\label{equationb}
+ \\
+ E&=&mc^2,\label{equationc}
+ \end{eqnarray}
+\end{subequations}
+\end{verbatim}
+%
+gives the output
+\begin{subequations}
+\label{allequations} % notice location
+\begin{eqnarray}
+E&=&mc^2,\label{equationa}
+\\
+E&=&mc^2,\label{equationb}
+\\
+E&=&mc^2,\label{equationc}
+\end{eqnarray}
+\end{subequations}
+%
+then \verb+Eq.~(\ref{allequations})+ gives ``Eq.~(\ref{allequations})''.
+
+{\bf Note:} incorrect cross-referencing will result if
+\cmd\label\ is used in an unnumbered single-line equation
+(i.e., within the \verb+\[+ and \verb+\]+ commands),
+or if \cmd\label\ is used on a line of an eqnarray that is not being numbered
+(i.e., a line that has a \cmd\nonumber).
+
+\subsection{Using the AMS packages \classoption{amsfonts},
+\classoption{amssymb}, and \classoption{amsmath}}\label{AMS}
+
+The American Mathematical Society's AMS-\LaTeX\ packages provided extra
+fonts, symbols, and math markup that are quite convenient. \revtex~4.1
+supports the use of these packages directly. To use the \classoption{amsfonts},
+\classoption{amssymb}, and \classoption{amsmath} class options,
+AMS-\LaTeX\ (and perhaps the additional AMS fonts) will need to be
+installed. Please note that \revtex~4.1 requires version 2.0 or higher
+of AMS-\LaTeX. These packages can be downloaded from
+\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/}.
+
+There are two class options for accessing the AMS fonts:
+\classoption{amsfonts} and \classoption{amssymb}.
+The \classoption{amsfonts} option defines the \cmd\mathfrak\ and
+\cmd\mathbb\ commands to switch to the Fraktur and
+Blackboard Bold fonts, respectively.
+These fonts are selected with the \cmd\mathfrak\ and \cmd\mathbb\
+font-switching commands:
+\verb+${\mathfrak{G}}$+ gives a Fraktur ``$\mathfrak{G}$''
+and \verb+${\mathbb{Z}}$+ gives a Blackboard Bold ``$\mathbb{Z}$''.
+\revtex{} does not currently support the use of the extra Euler fonts
+(the AMS fonts starting with \texttt{eur} or \texttt{eus}) or the
+Cyrillic fonts (the AMS fonts starting with \texttt{w}).
+
+The \classoption{amssymb} class option gives all the font
+capabilities of the
+\classoption{amsfonts} class option and further defines the commands
+for many commonly used math symbols. These symbols will scale
+correctly in superscripts and other places. See the AMS-\LaTeX\
+documentation for the complete list of symbols available.
+
+\subsection{Bold symbols in math}\label{sec:bboxamsfonts}
+
+\revtex~4.1 uses the standard \LaTeXe\ Bold Math (\classname{bm}) package as the
+basis for creating bold symbols in math mode. As usual, this requires
+an explicit \cmd\usepackage\aarg{\classname{bm}} in the document
+preamble. The command
+\cmd\bm\marg{symbol} makes \marg{symbol} bold in math mode, ensuring
+that it is the correct size, even in superscripts. If the correct font
+in the correct size is not available then result is the \marg{symbol}
+set at the
+correct size in lightface and a \LaTeXe\ warning that says
+``\texttt{No boldmath typeface in this size}\dots''. Most bold special
+characters will require that the AMS fonts be installed and the
+\classoption{amsfonts} class option be invoked.
+
+\cmd\bm\ is the proper means to get bold Greek characters---upper- and
+lowercase---and other symbols.
+The following will come out bold with \cmd\bm:
+normal math italic letters, numbers,
+Greek letters (uppercase and lowercase),
+small bracketing and operators, and \cmd\mathcal. Fraktur
+characters will come out bold in a \cmd\bm; however, Blackboard Bold
+requires using the \cmd\mathbb\ command rather than \cmd{\bm}.
+The \classoption{amsfonts} option adds support for bold math
+letters and symbols in smaller sizes and in superscripts when a
+\cmd\bm\marg{symbol} is used.
+For example, \verb+$\pi^{\bm{\pi}}$+ gives a bold
+lowercase pi in the superscript position: $^{\pi\bm{\pi}}$.
+
+Note that \cmd\bm\marg{math} is a fragile command and, thus, should be
+preceded by \cmd\protect\ in commands with moving arguments.
+
+\section{Footnotes}
+\LaTeX's standard \cmd\footnote\ command is available in
+\revtex~4.1. The footnote text can either appear at the bottom of a page or
+as part of the bibliography. This choice can be controlled by two class options:
+\classoption{footinbib} and \classoption{nofootinbib}. \revtex~4.1
+defaults to the former. Specific journal options may select a
+different value than the default.
+
+Please note that even if Bib\TeX\ is not being used for the references, you
+may have to run Bib\TeX\ if you are using footnotes without the \classoption{nofootinbib} option.
+The log file will contain errors about missing references such as \texttt{Note1} in this case and a file ending in
+\texttt{Notes.bib} will have been produced during the processing of the \TeX\ file.
+
+Note that in the latter case, the
+argument of the
+\cmd\footnote\ command is a moving argument in the sense of the \LUG,
+Appendix~C.1.3: any fragile command within that argument must be
+preceded by a \cmd\protect\ command.
+
+The \cmd\footnote\ macro \emph{should not} be used in the front
+matter for indicating author/affiliation relationships or to provide
+additional information about authors (such as an e-mail
+address). See Section~\ref{sec:footau} for the proper way to do
+this.
+
+Finally, footnotes that appear in tables behave differently. They
+will be typeset as part of the table itself. See
+Section~\ref{sec:tablenote} for details.
+
+\section{Citations and References}\label{sec:endnotes}
+
+\revtex~4.1 adds significant new functionality to \revtex~4's
+typesetting of citations and references. The new functionality is
+designed to make it easier to use Bib\TeX\ and produce the desired output
+in the reference section without having to edit Bib\TeX's output. The new features include:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Endnotes created with the \cmd\footnote\ command are automatically interleaved with the bibliographic references. \revtex~4 would typeset all endnotes at the end of the bibliography.
+\item Combining multiple references automatically into a single entry in the bibliography. \revtex~4 required by-hand editing of Bib\TeX\ output. This is achieved by prepending an asterisk (*) to the reference's \textit{key} in the \cmd\cite\ command. \verb+\cite{{key1,*key2}+ would make a single entry in the bibliography by combining into one \cmd\bibitem\ the entries from the \texttt{.bib} file with keys \textit{key1} and \textit{key2}. See Section~\ref{sec:multiple} for more details.
+\item Text can be prepended or appended to an entry in the bibliography. \revtex~4 required by-hand editing of the Bib\TeX\ output. See Section~\ref{sec:prepend} for an example of how to do this.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Proper formatting of references requires Patrick Daly's \classname{natbib} citation package. \BibTeX\ style files
+for APS and AIP journals are created using his \classname{custom-bib} tool kit. From an author's point of view, all this means is that a proper
+\revtex~4.1 installation requires having \classname{natbib} (version 8.31a
+or higher) installed. It also means that the full set of
+\classname{natbib} functionality is available from within \revtex~4.1
+(but see the \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.1} and \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.1} for restrictions if
+submitting to an APS or AIP journal). The \classname{natbib} documentation contains many examples; see in
+particular the \verb+natnotes.tex+ file for a convenient summary. Please also note that \classname{natbib 8.3} and later now gives an error (rather than merely a warning as in earlier versions) if you try to use a Bib\TeX\ file that isn't compatible with author-year style citations with a journal style that requires author-year citations (such as \textit{Reviews of Modern Physics}).
+
+\subsection{Citing a reference}
+As in standard \LaTeX, references are cited in text using the
+\cmd\cite\marg{key} command and are listed in the bibliography using
+the \cmd\bibitem\marg{key} command. The \cmd\cite{} macro enables
+\revtex~4.1 to automatically number the references in the manuscript.
+
+A typical example might be:
+\begin{verbatim}
+String theory\cite{GSW} attempts to
+provide a theory of everything.
+\end{verbatim}
+The corresponding \cmd\bibitem{} would be:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\bibitem{GSW} M.~Greene, J.~Schwarz, and
+E.~Witten, \textit{Superstring Theory:
+Introduction}, (Cambridge University
+Press, London, 1985).
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Journals differ in how the \cmd\cite\ will be displayed. Most APS journals
+display the citation in-line, as a number, enclosed in square brackets,
+\textit{e.g.}, ``String theory[1] attempts\dots.'' Other journals
+(most notably \textit{Physical Review B})
+instead use a number in a superscript: ``String theory$^{1}$ attempts\dots.''
+Selecting the journal substyle using a class option (such as
+\classoption{prb}) will invoke the appropriate style.
+In journal substyles using superscripts,
+the macro the \cmd\onlinecite\marg{key} is necessary to get the number
+to appear on the baseline.
+For example, ``String theory (see, for example,
+\verb+Ref.~\onlinecite{GSW}+)'' will give the output
+``String theory (see, for example, Ref.~1).''
+
+The \cmd{\onlinecite} command has the same semantics as
+\classname{natbib}'s \cmd{\citealp} command.
+
+A \cmd\cite\ command with multiple keys is formatted with consecutive
+reference numbers collapsed; e.g., [1,2,3,5] will be output as
+[1--3,5]. To split the list over more than one line, use
+a \verb+%+ character immediately following a comma:
+\begin{verbatim}
+. . . \cite{a,b,c,d,e,f,%
+g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z}
+\end{verbatim}
+The \verb+%+ avoids unwanted spaces.
+
+\subsection{Author/Year (Non-numeric) Citations}
+
+\textit{Reviews of Modern Physics} uses a citation style based on the
+first author's last name and the year of the reference rather than a
+simple number. Support for this style of citing references is the
+primary reason \revtex~4.1 uses the \classname{natbib}
+package. \classname{natbib} uses an optional argument to the
+\cmd\bibitem\ macro to specify what text to use for the \cmd\cite\
+text:
+\begin{quote}
+\cmd\bibitem\verb+[+\meta{short-name}\verb+(+\meta{year}\verb+)+\meta{long-name}\verb+]+
+\end{quote}
+where \meta{short-name} is the author name used in a parenthetical citation,
+\meta{long-name} that used in a textual citation, and
+\meta{year} is the year. More concretely, the \cmd\bibitem\ example
+above would appear as
+\begin{verbatim}
+\bibitem[Greene et al.(1985)Green,
+Schwarz, and Witten]{GSW}
+M.~Greene, J.~Schwarz, and E.~Witten,
+\textit{Superstring Theory},
+(Cambridge Press, London, 1985).
+\end{verbatim}
+
+When the citation constitutes part of the grammar of the sentence,
+the \cmd\textcite\marg{key} command may be used (analogous to the
+\cmd\onlinecite\ command above). Both \cmd\textcite\ and
+\cmd\onlinecite\ are built upon \classname{natbib}'s rich repertoire of
+macros (\cmd\citep{}, \cmd\citet{}, etc.). These macros are available in
+\revtex~4.1; however, APS authors must follow the
+\textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.1}
+guidelines regarding \classname{natbib}'s macros.
+
+\subsection{Combined Author/Year and Numeric Citations}
+
+AIP's \textit{Journal of Mathematical Physics} uses a combined author/year and numerical citation style. \revtex~4.1 supports this referencing style. Please see the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.1} for more information about this style.
+
+\subsection{\label{sec:use-bib}Using Bib\TeX}
+
+The \cmd\bibitem{} entries can be coded by hand as above, of course, but the
+use of \BibTeX\ with the new style files provided with \revtex~4.1 makes
+it particularly simple to generate marked-up references that can, for
+instance, take advantage of packages like
+\classname{hyperref} for linking. They also save the trouble of having
+to specify formatting like the italics for the book title in the above
+example. And, for those wishing to use author/year citations, \BibTeX\
+will automatically generate the appropriate optional arguments for the
+\cmd\bibitem\ commands.
+
+\BibTeX\ is an adjunct to \LaTeX\ that aids in the
+preparation of bibliographies. \BibTeX\ allows authors to build up a
+database or collection of bibliography entries that may be used for many
+manuscripts. A \BibTeX\ style file then specifies how to transform the
+entries into a proper \cmd\bibitem{} for a particular journal. Here we
+give a brief summary of how to get started with \BibTeX. More details can be
+found in the LaTeX books listed in the references.
+
+Selecting a journal style by using an appropriate class option will
+automatically select the correct \BibTeX\ style file from those included in
+\revtex~4.1. Four basic \BibTeX\ style files are included: \file{apsrev4-1.bst} (APS journals using a numeric citation style, \textit{i.e.}, all but RMP), \file{apsrmp4-1.bst} (author/year style citations for RMP),
+\file{aipauth4-1.bst} (AIP journal using an author/year citation style), and \file{aipnum4-1.bst} (AIP journals using a numeric citation style). In addition, there are ``long" versions for each of these that add the titles of cited articles to the bibliography. The selection can be overridden by specifying an
+alternative \file{.bst} file using the standard \LaTeXe
+\cmd\bibliographystyle\ macro. This must appear in the preamble
+before the \envb{document} line in \revtex~4.1 (this differs from
+standard \LaTeX).
+
+The \BibTeX\ database files will contain entries such as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+@Book{GSW,
+ author=``M. Greene, J. Schwarz,
+ E. Witten'',
+ title=``Superstring theory:
+ Introduction'',
+ publisher=``Cambridge University
+ Press'',
+ address=``London'',
+ year=``1985''
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+There are entry formats for articles, technical reports, e-prints,
+theses, books, proceedings, and articles that appear in books or
+proceedings. The styles provided with
+\revtex~4.1 also allows URL's and e-print identifiers to be specified
+for any of the different entry types. There is also an additional
+``collaboration'' field that can be used in addition to ``author'.'
+
+To actually create the bibliography in the manuscript, the
+\cmd\bibliography\marg{bib files} macro is used.
+Here \meta{bib files} is a comma-separated list of \BibTeX\ bibliography
+database files, each with the \file{.bib} extension. The
+\cmd\bibliography\ macro should be placed at the location where the
+references are to appear (usually after the main body of the
+paper). When the manuscript is processed with \LaTeX\ for the first
+time, the keys corresponding for the \cmd\cite{} macros used in the
+manuscript are written out to the \file{.aux} file. Then \BibTeX\ should
+be run (if the manuscript is called \file{paper.tex}, the command would
+be \verb+bibtex paper+. This will produce a \file{.bbl} file containing all
+of the \cmd\bibitem{}'s for the manuscript. Subsequent runs of \LaTeXe\
+will call this file in to resolve the references. \LaTeXe\ should be run
+repeatedly until all references are resolved.
+
+The \BibTeX-produced \cmd\bibitem{}'s created using the \revtex\ style files appear considerably more complex than the example given
+above. This is because the style files add in \cmd\bibinfo{},
+\cmd\bibnamefont{}, \cmd\eprint{}, and \cmd\url{} macros for
+specifying additional formatting and tagging. The \cmd\bibinfo\ macro
+is mostly a do-nothing macro that serves merely to tag the information with
+the field information from the original entry in the \BibTeX\ database.
+The \cmd\eprint\ and \cmd\url\ macros can be used to create the
+appropriate hyperlinks in target formats such as PDF.
+
+For more information on using \BibTeX\ with \LaTeX, see Sections~4.3.1
+and~C.11.3 of the \LUG\cite{LaTeXman}, Section~13.2 of \cite{Compan},
+or the online \BibTeX\ manual \file{btxdoc.tex} from
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/distribs/doc/}.
+
+\subsubsection{\texttt{arXiv.org} support in Bib\TeX}
+
+
+\revtex~4.1 has better support for citing e-prints from \texttt{arXiv.org} For instance, the \texttt{.bib} entry
+\begin{verbatim}
+@Unpublished{Ginsparg:1988ui,
+ author = "Ginsparg, Paul H.",
+ title = "{Applied Conformal Field Theory}",
+ year = "1988",
+ eprint = "hep-th/9108028",
+ archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+ SLACcitation = "%%CITATION=HEP-TH/9108028;%%"
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+will include the arXiv.org e-print identifier as \texttt{arXiv:hep-th/9108028} and hyperlink it (if using \texttt{hyperref}). The newer format for arXiv identifiers with primary classificiations will produce output such as \texttt{arXiv:0905.1949 [hep-ph]}.
+
+
+
+\subsection{\label{sec:multiple}Multiple references in a single bibliography entry}
+One of the most frequently requested features since the release of \revtex~4 has been to allow more than one reference to appear in a single bibliography entry when using Bib\TeX. This can now be done in \revtex~4.1 by using a starred (*) argument to the \cmd\cite\ command. This requires the latest version of \texttt{natbib}, developed in conjunction with \revtex~4.1, and the new \texttt{bst} files that come with \revtex~4.1. To combine multiple references into a single \cmd\bibitem, precede the second, third, etc. citation keys in the \cmd\cite\ command with an asterisk (*). For example \verb+\cite{bethe, *feynman, *bohr}+ will combine the \cmd\bibitem\relax s with keys \texttt{bethe}, \texttt{feynman}, and \texttt{bohr} into a single entry in the bibliography separated by semicolons.
+
+\subsection{\label{sec:prepend}Prepending and/or appending text to a citation}
+The expanded syntax for the \cmd\cite\ command argument can also be used to specify text before and/or after a citation. For instance, a citation such as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+[19] A similar expression was derived in
+A. V. Andreev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 247204
+(2007) in the context of carbon nanotube
+p-n junctions. The only difference is that no
+integration over ky is present there.
+\end{verbatim}
+may be created by the following \cmd\cite\ command:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\cite{*[{A similar expression was derived
+in }] [{ in the context of carbon nanotube
+p-n junctions. The only difference is that
+no integration over ky is present
+there.}] andreev2007}
+\end{verbatim}
+Please note the use of curly braces to enclose the text within the square brackets as well as the spaces next to the brackets.
+
+\section{Figures and Artwork}\label{sec:figures}
+\subsection{\texttt{figure} environment}
+
+Figures may be included into a \revtex~4.1 manuscript by using the
+standard \LaTeXe\ macros. It should be noted that \LaTeXe\ includes
+several powerful packages for including the files in various
+formats. The two main packages are \classname{graphics} and
+\classname{graphicx}. Both offer a macro called
+\cmd\includegraphics\oarg{args}\marg{filename};
+they mainly differ in how arguments for
+controlling figure scaling, translation, and orientation
+are specified. For more information on the enhancements of the \classname{graphicx} package,
+see \cite{CompanG} or the guide \file{grfguide.pdf} available at
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/}.
+\revtex~4.1 no longer has the \classoption{epsf} class option, though
+the \classname{epsfig} package provides a similar interface.
+
+
+The \env{figure} environment should be used to add a caption to the figure and
+to allow \LaTeX\ to number and place the figures where they fit best.
+\LaTeX\ will label and automatically number the captions FIG.~1,
+FIG.~2, etc. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{figure}
+ \includegraphics{fig1.eps}
+ \caption{\label{fig1}Text of first caption.}
+\end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+Note how the \cmd\label\marg{key} command is used to cross-reference
+figures in text. The \cmd\label\marg{key} command should be inserted
+inside the figure caption. As usual, the \cmd\ref\marg{key} macro can
+then by used to refer to the label: ``As depicted in
+FIG.\verb+~\ref{fig1}+\dots''.
+
+Figures are normally set to the width of the column in
+which they are placed. This means that in two-column mode, the figure
+will be placed in a single, narrow column. For wide figures, the
+\cmd\figure\verb+*+ environment should be used
+instead. This will place the figure across both columns (the figure
+usually will
+appear either at the top or the bottom of the following page).
+
+
+Captions less than one line long are centered under the figure,
+otherwise they span the width of the figure.
+
+Note that is unnecessary (and undesirable) to use explicit centering
+commands inside the float environments.
+
+\subsection{\texttt{video} environment}
+Papers often refer to multimedia material such as videos. The \texttt{video} environment is identical to the \texttt{figure} environment, but the caption will be labeled as a \textbf{Video} (with its own counter independent of figures). A URL can also be specified so that the caption label can be linked to the online video (if using the \texttt{hyperref} package). The included graphic (using \cmd\includegraphics\ from the \texttt{graphics} or \texttt{graphicx} package) would be a representation frame from the video. A \texttt{\cmd\listofvideos} is also provided. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{video}
+\includegraphics{videoframe.jpg}
+\setfloatlink{http://some.video.com/fun.mov}
+\caption{\label{vid:interest}This is a video
+of something fun.}
+\end{video}
+\end{verbatim}
+There is also a corresponding \cmd\listofvideos\ command.
+
+\section{Tables}\label{sec:tables}
+
+Tables are very similar to figures. They should be input using the
+\env{table} environment as detailed below, and
+\LaTeX\ will label and number the captions TABLE~1, TABLE~2, etc.
+(or in whatever format required by the chosen journal
+substyle). Tables without captions won't be numbered.
+
+Each table must begin with \envb{table}, end with \enve{table}. A
+caption can be specified using the \cmd\caption\marg{text} command.
+Captions less than one line long are centered under the figure,
+otherwise they span the width of the figure.
+To refer to the table via cross-referencing, a \cmd\label\marg{key}
+command should appear within the \cmd{\caption}. Use the
+\cmd\ref\marg{key} command to cite tables in text. The \env{table}
+environment will set the table to the width of the column. Thus, in
+two-column mode, the table will be confined to a single column. To set a
+table to the full width of the page, rather than the column, use the
+\env{table*} environment.
+
+The heart of the table is the
+\env{tabular} environment. This will behave for the most part as in
+standard \LaTeXe\ (please refer to Section~3.6.3 and Appendix~C.10.2 of the
+\LUG{} for more details about the \env{tabular} environment).
+Note that \revtex~4.1 no longer automatically adds double (Scotch) rules
+around tables. Nor does the \env{tabular} environment set various
+table parameters for column spacing as before. Instead, a new
+environment \env{ruledtabular} provides this functionality. This
+environment should surround the \env{tabular} environment:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{table}
+\caption{\label{<key>}....}
+\begin{ruledtabular}
+\begin{tabular}
+...
+\end{tabular}
+\end{ruledtabular}
+\end{table}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+A basic table looks as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{table}
+\caption{\label{tab:example}Text of table caption.}
+\begin{ruledtabular}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+ Heading 1 & Heading 2\\
+ Cell 1 & Cell 2\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{ruledtabular}
+\end{table}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The \env{quasitable} environment is no longer in \revtex~4.1. The
+standard \env{tabular} environment can be used instead because it
+no longer puts in the double rules.
+
+\subsection{Aligning on a decimal point}
+Numerical columns should align on the decimal point (or
+decimal points if more than one is is present). This is accomplished
+by again using a standard \LaTeXe\ package, \classname{dcolumn} which
+must be loaded in the manuscript's preamble:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage{dcolumn}
+\end{verbatim}
+Once this package is loaded, the column specifier `\texttt{d}' can be
+used in the table's \env{tabular}\marg{preamble} enviroment preamble.
+The `\texttt{d}' should be used for simple numeric data with a single
+decimal point.
+%
+The entry of a \texttt{d} column is typeset in math mode; do not
+insert any \verb+$+ math delimiters into a `\texttt{d}' column. Items
+without a decimal point are simply set in math mode, centered. If
+text is required in the column, use \cmd\text\ or \cmd\mbox\ as
+appropriate. If multiple decimal points are present then the last is
+used for alignment. To escape from the `\texttt{d}' column use
+\cmd\multicolumn\ as usual. See the sample file \file{apssamp.tex} for examples.
+
+\subsection{Footnotes in Tables}\label{sec:tablenote}
+
+Footnotes in a table are labeled \emph{a}, \emph{b}, \emph{c},
+etc. They can be specified by using the \LaTeX\ \cmd\footnote\
+command. Furthermore,
+\cmd\footnotemark\ and \cmd\footnotetext\ can be used so that multiple entries
+can to refer to the same footnote. The footnotes for a table are typeset
+at the bottom of the table, rather than at the bottom of the page or
+at the end of the references. The arguments for \cmd\footnotemark\ and
+\cmd\footnotetext\ should be numbers 1, 2, \dots. The journal style
+will convert these to letters. See sample file \file{apssamp.tex} for
+examples and explanations of use.
+
+\subsection{Dealing with Long Tables}
+By default, tables are set in a smaller size than the text body
+(\cmd\small). The \cmd\squeezetable\ declaration makes the table font
+smaller still (\cmd\scriptsize). Thus, putting the
+\cmd\squeezetable\ command before the \envb{table} line in a table
+will reduce the font size. If this isn't sufficient to fit
+the table on a page, the standard \LaTeXe\ \classname{longtable}
+package may be used. The scope of the
+\cmd\squeezetable\ command must be limited by enclosing it with a group:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begingroup
+\squeezetable
+\begin{table}
+[...]
+\end{table}
+\endgroup
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Tables are normally set to the width of the column in
+which they are placed. This means that in two-column mode, the table
+will be placed in a single, narrow column. For wide tables, the
+\cmd\table\verb+*+ environment should be used
+instead. This will place the table across both columns (the table
+usually will
+appear either at the top or the bottom of the following page).
+
+
+To break tables across pages, \revtex~4.1requires adding to the
+table a float placement option of [H] (meaning put the table ``here''
+and effectively ``unfloating'' the table) to the \envb{table}
+command. The commands \verb+\\*+ and \cmd{\samepage} can be used to
+control where the page breaks occur (these are the same as for the
+\env{eqnarray} environment).
+
+Long tables are more robustly handled by using the
+\classname{longtable.sty} package included with the standard \LaTeXe\
+distribution (put \verb+\usepackage{longtable}+ in the preamble). This
+package gives precise control over the layout of the table.
+The \revtex~4.1 package contains patches that enable the
+\classname{longtable} package to work in two-column mode. Of course, a
+table set in two-column mode needs to be narrow enough to fit within
+the column. Otherwise, the columns may overlap. \revtex~4.1 provides
+an additional environment \env{longtable*} which allows a longtable to
+span the whole page width. Currently, the \env{longtable*} and
+\env{ruledtabular} environments are incompatible. In order to get the
+double (Scotch) rule, it is necessary to add the \verb+\hline\hline+
+manually (or define \verb+\endfirsthead+ and \verb+\endlastfoot+
+appropriately). For more documentation on the \env{longtable}
+environment and on the package options of the
+\classname{longtable} package, please see the documentation available at
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/tools/longtable.dtx} or
+refer to \cite{Compan}.
+
+\section{Placement of Figures, Tables, and Other Floats}
+\label{sec:place}
+
+By default, figures and tables (and any other ``floating'' environments
+defined by other packages) float to the top or bottom of the page
+using the standard \LaTeX\ float placement mechanism. Initially, each
+\env{figure} or \env{table} environment should be put immediately
+following its first reference in the text; this will usually result in
+satisfactory placement on the page. An optional argument for either
+environment adjusts the float placement. For example:
+\begin{quote}
+\envb{figure}\oarg{placement}\\
+\dots\\
+\enve{figure}
+\end{quote}
+where \meta{placement} can be any combination of \verb|htbp!|, signifying
+``here'', ``top'', ``bottom'', ``page'', and ``as soon as possible'',
+respectively. The same placement argument may be added to a
+\envb{table}. For more details about float placement,
+see the instructions in the \LUG, Appendix~C.9.1.
+
+In two-column mode, a page may contain both a \env{widetext}
+environment and a float. \revtex~4.1 may not always be able to
+automatically put the float in the optimal place. For instance, a
+float may be placed at the bottom of a column just before the
+\env{widetext} begins. To workaround this, try moving the float
+environment below the \env{widetext} environment. Alternative
+\meta{placements} may also alleviate the problem.
+
+\env{figure} and \env{table} environments should not
+be enclosed in a \env{widetext} environment to make them span
+the page to accommodate wide figures or tables. Rather, the
+\env{figure*} or \env{table*} environments should be used instead.
+
+Sometimes in \LaTeX\ the float placement mechanism breaks down and a
+float can't be placed. Such a ``stuck'' float may mean that it and all
+floats that follow are moved to the end of the job (and if there are
+too many of floats, the fatal error \texttt{Too many unprocessed floats}
+will occur). \revtex~4.1 provides the class option
+\classoption{floatfix} which attempts to invoke emergency float
+processing to avoid creating a ``stuck'' float. \revtex~4.1 will provide
+a message suggesting the use of
+\classoption{floatfix}. If \classoption{floatfix} doesn't work or if
+the resulting positioning of the float is poor, the float should be
+repositioned by hand.
+
+\revtex~4.1 offers an additional possibility for placing the floats. By
+using the either the \classoption{endfloats} or the
+\classoption{endfloats*} class option all floats may be held
+back (using an external file) and then set elsewhere in the document
+using the the commands \cmd\printtables\ and \cmd\printfigures{},
+placed where the tables and figures are to be printed (usually at the
+end of the document). (This is similar to the standard
+\cmd\printindex\ command). Using a \texttt{*}-form of the commands
+(\cmd\printfigures\verb+*+ and
+\cmd\printtables\verb+*+) will begin the figures
+or tables on a new page. Alternatively, the option
+\classoption{endfloats*} may be used to change the behavior of the
+non-\texttt{*}-forms so that every float will appear on a separate
+page at the end.
+
+Without one of the \classoption{endfloats} class options, these float
+placement commands are silently ignored, so it is always safe to use
+them. If one of the \classoption{endfloats} class options is given,
+but the \cmd\printtables\ command is missing, the tables will be
+printed at the end of the document. Likewise, if \cmd\printfigures\ is
+missing, the figures will be printed at the end of the document.
+Therefore it is also safe to omit these commands as long as \revtex's
+default choices for ordering figures and tables are satisfactory.
+
+The \classoption{endfloats} option (or perhaps some journal substyle
+that invokes it), requires explicit \envb{figure}, \enve{figure},
+\envb{table}, and \enve{table} lines. In particular, do \emph{not}
+define typing shortcuts for table and figure environments, such as
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\bt{\begin{table}}% Incompatible!
+\def\et{\end{table}}%
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Please note that it is generally undesirable to have all floats moved
+to the end of the manuscript. APS no longer requires this for
+submissions. In fact, the editors and referees will have an easier time
+reading the paper if the floats are set in their normal positions.
+
+\section{Rotating Floats}
+
+Often a figure or table is too wide to be typeset in the standard
+orientation and it is necessary to rotate the float 90
+degrees. \revtex~4.1 provides a new environment \env{turnpage} as an
+easy means to accomplish this. The \env{turnpage} environment depends
+on one of the packages \classname{graphics} or \classname{graphicx}
+being loaded. To use the \env{turnpage} environment, simply enclose
+the \env{figure} or \env{table} environment with the \env{turnpage}
+environment:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass[...]{revtex4}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+[...]
+\begin{turnpage}
+\begin{figure} or \begin{table}
+[...]
+\end{figure} or \end{table}
+\end{turnpage}
+\end{verbatim}
+A turnpage float will be typeset on a page by itself. Currently, there
+is no mechanism for breaking such a float across multiple pages.
+
+\section{\revtex~4.1 symbols and the \classname{revsymb4-1} package}
+
+Symbols made available in earlier versions of \revtex\ are
+defined in a separate package, \classname{revsymb4-1},
+so that they may be used with other classes.
+This might be useful if, say, copying text from a \revtex\ document to
+a non-\revtex\ document. \revtex~4.1 automatically includes these
+symbols so it is not necessary to explicitly call them in with a
+\cmd\usepackage\ statement.
+
+Table~\ref{tab:revsymb} summarizes the symbols defined in this package.
+Note that \cmd{\overcirc}, \cmd{\overdots}, and \cmd{\corresponds} are
+no longer in \revtex~4.1. Use \cmd{\mathring} (standard in \LaTeXe),
+\cmd{\dddot} (with the \classoption{amsmath} package loaded), and
+\cmd\triangleq\ (with the \classoption{amssymb} class option) respectively.
+\cmd{\succsim}, \cmd{\precsim}, \cmd{\lesssim}, and \cmd{\gtrsim} are
+also defined either in \classname{amsmath} or \classname{amssymb}. The
+AMS versions of these commands will be used if the appropriate AMS
+package is loaded.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption{\label{tab:revsymb}Special \revtex~4.1 symbols, accents, and
+boldfaced parentheses defined in \file{revsymb.sty}}
+\begin{ruledtabular}
+\begin{tabular}{ll|ll}
+\cmd\lambdabar & $\lambdabar$ &\cmd\openone & $\openone$\\
+\cmd\altsuccsim & $\altsuccsim$ & \cmd\altprecsim & $\altprecsim$ \\
+\cmd\alt & $\alt$ & \cmd\agt & $\agt$ \\
+\cmd\tensor\ x & $\tensor x$ & \cmd\overstar\ x & $\overstar x$ \\
+\cmd\loarrow\ x & $\loarrow x$ & \cmd\roarrow\ x & $\roarrow x$ \\
+\cmd\biglb\ ( \cmd\bigrb ) & $\biglb( \bigrb)$ &
+\cmd\Biglb\ ( \cmd\Bigrb )& $\Biglb( \Bigrb)$ \\
+& & \\
+\cmd\bigglb\ ( \cmd\biggrb ) & $\bigglb( \biggrb)$ &
+\cmd\Bigglb\ ( \cmd\Biggrb\ ) & $\Bigglb( \Biggrb)$ \\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{ruledtabular}
+\end{table}
+
+\section{Other \revtex~4.1 Features}
+%\subsection{Hooks}
+%To be written....
+
+\subsection{Job-specific Override Files}
+\revtex~4.1 allows manuscript-specific macro definitions to be put
+in a file separate from the main \TeX\ file. One merely creates a file
+with the same basename as the \TeX\ file, but with the extension
+`.rty'. Thus, if the \TeX\ file is names man.tex, the macro
+definitions would go in man.rty. Note that the .rty file should be in
+the same directory as the \TeX\ file. APS authors should follow the
+guidelines in the \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.1} when
+submitting. Similarly, AIP authors should refer to the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.1}
+
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{}\label{sec:TeXbooks}
+\bibitem[Knuth(1986)]{TeXbook} D.E. Knuth, \emph{The \TeX book},
+(Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1986).
+\bibitem[Lamport(1996)]{LaTeXman} L. Lamport, \emph{\LaTeX, a Document
+Preparation System}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1996).
+\bibitem[Kopka(1995)]{Guide} H. Kopka and P. Daly, \emph{A Guide to
+\LaTeXe}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1995).
+\bibitem[Goossens(1994)]{Compan} M. Goossens, F. Mittelbach, and
+A. Samarin, \emph{The \LaTeX\
+Companion}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1994).
+\bibitem[Goossens(1997)]{CompanG} M. Goossens, S. Rahtz, and
+F. Mittelbach, \emph{The
+\LaTeX\ Graphics Companion}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1997).
+\bibitem[Rahtz(1999)]{CompanW} S. Rahtz, M. Goossens, \emph{et
+al.},\emph{The \LaTeX\ Web Companion}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1999).
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+\end{document}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex4-1/auguide/docs.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex4-1/auguide/docs.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f401506cb63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex4-1/auguide/docs.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+% authguide.rty - macros for processing revguide.tex under \documentclass{revtex4}
+% Text entities
+\DeclareRobustCommand\SNG{\emph{Physical Review Style and Notation Guide}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand\LUG{\emph{\LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference Manual}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand\revtex{REV\TeX}
+\DeclareRobustCommand\marglat{\marginpar[\textbf{2e}]{\textbf{2e}}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand\margrev{\marginpar[\textbf{4}]{\textbf{4}}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand\AmS{%
+ {\protect\the\textfont\tw@ A\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{M}\kern-.125emS}%
+}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\AmSLaTeX{\AmS-\LaTeX}
+\DeclareRobustCommand\BibTeX{{\rm B}{\sc ib}\TeX}
+%
+% Various forms of self-indexing commands:
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\m}[1]{%
+ \meta{#1}%
+ \index{#1=\string\meta{#1} placeholder}\index{placeholder>#1=\string\meta{#1}}%
+}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\meta[1]{%
+ \mbox{\m@th\LANGLE\itshape#1\/\RANGLE}%
+}%
+\def\LANGLE{$\langle$}%
+\def\RANGLE{$\rangle$}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\marg}[1]{%
+ {\ttfamily\string{}\meta{#1}{\ttfamily\string}}%
+ \index{#1=\string\ttt{#1}, argument}\index{argument>#1=\string\ttt{#1}}%
+}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\aarg}[1]{%
+ {\ttfamily\string{}#1{\ttfamily\string}}%
+}%
+\let\oarg\undefined
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\oarg}[1]{%
+ {\ttfamily[%]
+ }\meta{#1}{\ttfamily%[
+ ]}%
+ \index{#1=\string\ttt{#1}, optional argument}%
+ \index{argument, optional>#1=\string\ttt{#1}}%
+}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\cmd{\begingroup\makeatletter\@cmd}%
+\long\def\@cmd#1{%
+ \endgroup
+ \cs{\expandafter\cmd@to@cs\string#1}%
+ \expandafter\cmd@to@index\string#1\@nil
+}%
+\def\cmd@to@cs#1#2{\char\number`#2\relax}%
+\def\cmd@to@index#1#2\@nil{%
+ \index{#2=\string\cmd#1#2}%\index{command>#2=\string\cmd#1#2}%
+}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\cs[1]{{\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}%
+\def\scmd#1{%
+ \cs{\expandafter\cmd@to@cs\string#1}%
+ \expandafter\scmd@to@index\string#1\@nil
+}%
+\def\scmd@to@index#1#2\@nil#3{%
+ \index{\string$#3=\string\cmd#1#2---#3}%
+%\index{command>\string$#3=\string\cmd#1#2---#3}%
+}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\env{\name@idx{environment}}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\envb[1]{%
+ {\ttfamily\string\begin\string{}\env{#1}{\ttfamily\string}}%
+}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\enve[1]{{\ttfamily\string\end\string{}\env{#1}{\ttfamily\string}}}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand*{\file}[1]{%
+ {\ttfamily#1}%
+ \index{#1=\string\ttt{#1}}\index{file>#1=\string\ttt{#1}}%
+}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\substyle{\name@idx{document substyle}}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\classoption{\name@idx{document class option}}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\classname{\name@idx{document class}}%
+\def\name@idx#1#2{%
+ {\ttfamily#2}%
+ \index{#2\space#1=\string\ttt{#2}\space#1}\index{#1>#2=\string\ttt{#2}}%
+}%
+%
+% Needed for index:
+%
+\def\ttt{\texttt}%
+\def\pfill{\ }%
+\def\efill{\ }%
+\let\scan@allowedfalse\relax
+%\makeindex
+\AtEndDocument{\@input@{\jobname.ind}\null}%
+%
+% Processing options
+%
+%
+% Layout: override revtex4|aps
+\c@secnumdepth2
+\prepdef\@verbatim{\topsep.5\baselineskip}%
+\renewenvironment{quotation}{%
+ \list{}{%
+ \listparindent 10\p@
+ \itemindent\listparindent
+ \leftmargin10\p@
+ \rightmargin\leftmargin
+ \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@
+ \small
+ }%
+ \item[]%
+}{%
+ \endlist
+}%
+\renewenvironment{quote}{%
+ \list{}{%
+ \leftmargin\z@
+ \rightmargin\leftmargin
+ }\item[]%
+}{%
+ \endlist
+}%
+\leftmargini\parindent
+\def\descriptionlabel#1{%
+ \hspace\labelsep\ignorespaces
+ #1\unskip
+}%
+\def\toprule{\hline\hline\frstrut}%
+\def\colrule{\hline\frstrut}%
+\def\frstrut{\vrule height2.5ex width\z@ depth\z@\relax}%
+\def\lrstrut{\vrule height\z@ width\z@ depth.5ex\relax}%
+%
+% Klootches
+%
+\let\savenofiles\nofiles
+%
+% Patches:
+%
+%
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex4-1/auguide/summary4-1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex4-1/auguide/summary4-1.pdf
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex4-1/auguide/summary4-1.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex4-1/auguide/summary4-1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex4-1/auguide/summary4-1.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a8957e67d5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/revtex4-1/auguide/summary4-1.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+%% ****** Start of file summary4-1.tex ****** %
+%%
+%% This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution.
+%% Version 4.1r of REVTeX, August, 2010
+%%
+%% Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2009, 2010 The American Physical Society.
+%%
+%% See the REVTeX 4.1 README file for restrictions and more information.
+%%
+\listfiles
+\documentclass[%
+twocolumn,secnumarabic,amssymb, amsmath, nofootinbib,tightenlines,
+nobibnotes, aps,
+prl,
+%outputdebug,
+]{revtex4-1}
+%\usepackage{amsmath}%
+\usepackage{longtable}%
+\usepackage{bm}%
+\usepackage{docs}
+%\usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=blue]{hyperref}%
+%\nofiles
+\expandafter\ifx\csname package@font\endcsname\relax\else
+ \expandafter\expandafter
+ \expandafter\usepackage
+ \expandafter\expandafter
+ \expandafter{\csname package@font\endcsname}%
+\fi
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title[Command Option Summary]{\revtex~4.1 Command and Options Summary}%
+
+\author{American Physical Society}%
+\email{revtex4@aps.org}
+\affiliation{One Research Road, Ridge, NY 11961}
+\date{August 2010}%
+\maketitle
+
+This is the \textit{\revtex~4.1 Command and Options Summary}. It details
+usage for many of the new commands and options that are available in
+\revtex~4. Please see the \textit{\revtex~4.1 Author's Guide} for
+complete information on how to use \revtex~4.1. Class options for the
+\verb+\documentclass+ line are marked with square
+brackets. Environments are indicated by \verb+\begin{<env>}+ and always
+require a matching \verb+\end{<env>}+.
+
+\setlength\LTleft{0pt}
+\setlength\LTright{0pt}
+%
+\begin{longtable*}{@{\extracolsep{0in}}p{3in}p{4in}}
+\caption{\label{tab:summary}\revtex~4.1 Command Summary}\\*
+%
+\noalign{\vspace{3pt}}%
+\toprule\rule{0pt}{12pt}
+\textbf{\revtex~4/\LaTeXe\ Markup}&\textbf{Details and Usage}\\*[3pt]
+\endfirsthead
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{TABLE~\ref{tab:summary} (continued): \revtex~4.1 Command Summary}%
+\rule{0pt}{12pt}\\[3pt]
+\colrule\rule{0pt}{12pt}
+\textbf{\revtex~4/\LaTeXe\ Markup}&\textbf{Details and Usage}\\*[3pt]
+\endhead
+%
+\noalign{\nobreak\vspace{3pt}}%
+\colrule
+\endfoot
+%
+\noalign{\nobreak\vspace{3pt}}%
+\botrule
+\endlastfoot
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Frequently Used Class Options}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+[aps]+ & \textit{American Physical Society} styling. Default.\\
+\verb+[aip]+ & \textit{American Institute of Physics} styling.\\
+\verb+[prl]+, \verb+[pra]+, \verb+[prb]+, \verb+[prc]+, \verb+[prd]+, \verb+[pre]+, \verb+[prstab]+, \verb+[prstper]+, \verb+[rmp]+& Further customize \verb+[aps]+ styling for APS journals.\\
+\verb+[apl]+, \verb+[bmf]+, \verb+[cha]+, \verb+[jap]+, \verb+[jcp]+, \verb+[jmp]+, \verb+[rse]+, \verb+[pof]+, \verb+[pop]+, \verb+[rsi]+& Further customize \verb+[aip]+ styling for AIP journals.\\
+%\verb+[rmp]+ & Further customize \verb+[aps]+ styling for \textit{Reviews of Modern Physics}.\\
+\verb+[twocolumn]+ & Two-column formatting.\\
+\verb+[onecolumn]+ & Single-column formatting.\\
+\verb+[preprint]+ & Single-column formatting with increased interline spacing.\\
+\verb+[reprint]+ & Closely approximate a given journal's style. Can be either single or two-column formatting depending on the journal.\\
+\verb+[10pt]+, \verb+[11pt]+, \verb+[12pt]+ & Set font size. \verb+[preprint]+ gives \verb+[12pt]+, \verb+[twocolumn]+ gives
+\verb+[10pt]+ by default.\\
+\verb+[groupedaddress]+ & Group authors with same affiliations together. Default. \\
+\verb+[superscriptaddress]+ & Associate authors with affiliations via superscript numbers. Appropriate for collaborations or if several authors share some, but not all, affiliations.\\
+\verb+[draft]+ & Mark overfull lines.\\
+\verb+[linenumbers]+ & Number lines (requires lineno.sty).\\
+\verb+[longbibliography]+ & Use alternative Bib\TeX\ style files that show journal article titles in the bibliography.\\
+\verb+[amsfonts]+, \verb+[noamsfonts]+ & Load (don't load)
+\verb+amsfonts+ package. Adds AMS font support.\\
+\verb+[amssymb]+, \verb+[noamssymb]+ & Load (don't load)
+\verb+amssymb+ package. Adds additional AMS symbols.\\
+\verb+[amsmath]+, \verb+[noamsmath]+ & Load (don't load)
+\verb+amsmath+ package. Adds AMS-\LaTeX\ features.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Other Class Options}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+[preprintnumbers]+, \verb+[nopreprintnumbers]+ & Control display of preprint numbers given by \verb+\preprint+ command. \verb+[preprintnumbers]+ is default for \verb+[preprint]+; otherwise \verb+[nopreprintnumbers]+ is default.\\
+\verb+[floatfix]+ & Invoke emergency processing to avoid the \LaTeX\ error \verb+``Too many unprocessed floats''+ or all subsequent floats being moved to the end of the job. \revtex~4 will display a message recommending this option if warranted.\\
+\verb+[bibnotes]+, \verb+[nobibnotes]+ & Control location of author footnotes. Default varies with journal style.\\
+\verb+[footinbib]+, \verb+[nofootinbib]+ & Control location of footnotes. Default varies with journal style.\\
+\verb+[altaffilletter]+, \verb+[altaffillsymbol]+ & Use letters or symbols for
+\verb+\altaffiliation+ superscripts. \verb+[altaffillsymbol]+ is default.\\
+\verb+[unsortedaddress]+ & Like \verb+[groupedaddress]+, but doesn't combine authors together who share the same affiliations.\\
+\verb+[runinaddress]+ & Like \verb+[groupedaddress]+, but joins multiple affiliations together into a single sequence separated by commas.\\
+\verb+[showpacs]+, \verb+[noshowpacs]+ & Control display of PACS: line.\\
+\verb+[showkeys]+, \verb+[noshowkeyws]+ & Control display of Keywords: line.\\
+\verb+[tightenlines]+ & Single space manuscript (for use with \verb+[preprint]+).\\
+\verb+[floats]+ & Position floats near call outs. Default.\\
+\verb+[endfloats]+ & Move all floats to the end of the document.\\
+\verb+[endfloats*]+ & Move all floats to the end of the document and put each on a separate page.\\
+\verb+[titlepage]+, \verb+[notitlepage]+ & Control appearance of title page.\\
+\verb+[final]+ & Don't mark overfull lines. Default.\\
+\verb+[letterpaper]+, \verb+[a4paper]+, \verb+[a5paper]+ & Select paper size. \verb+[letterpaper]+ is default.\\
+\verb+[oneside]+, \verb+[twoside]+ & Control book syle layout. \verb+[oneside]+ is default.\\
+\verb+[fleqn]+ & Flush displayed equations left. \\
+\verb+[eqsecnum]+ & Number equations by section.\\
+\verb+[balancelastpage]+, \verb+[nobalancelastpage]+ & Control
+\verb+[twocolumn]+ balancing on last page. \verb+[balancelastpage]+ is default.\\
+\verb+[raggedbottom]+, \verb+[flushbottom]+ & Control \verb+[twocolumn]+ balancing. \verb+[flushbottom]+ is default.\\
+\verb+[raggedfooter]+, \verb+[noraggedfooter]+ & Control positioning of footer. \verb+[noraggedfooter]+ is default.\\
+\verb+[byrevtex]+ & Display ``Typeset by \revtex~4''.\\
+\verb+[citeautoscript]+ & Fix up spacing and punctuation when switching from non-superscript style citations to superscript citation styles. \verb+\cite+ commands and associated spacing and punctuation should be as for the non-superscript style.\\
+\verb+[galley]+ & Typeset in a single narrow column.\\
+\verb+[nomerge]+ & Allows processing of legacy documents that use square brackets as part of the key in a \verb+cite+ command.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Frontmatter Commands}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+\title{<title>}+ & The manuscript title.\\
+\verb+\author{One Author}+ & Specify one author's name.\\
+\verb+\surname{Lloyd Weber}+, \verb+\surname{Mao}+ & Indicate which part of a name within
+\verb+\author+ should be used for alphabetizing and indexing.\\
+\verb+\email[<optional text>]{author@any.edu}+& Specify an e-mail address for an author.\\
+\verb+\homepage[<optional text>]+ \verb+ {http://any.edu/homepage/}+& Specify a URL for an author's web site.\\
+\verb+\altaffiliation[optional text]+ \verb+ {affiliation information}+&Specify an alternate or temporary address for an author.\\
+\verb+\thanks{text}+& Additional information about an author not covered by the more specific macros above.\\
+\verb+\collaboration{<The Collaboration>}+ & Specify a collaboration name for a group of authors. Should be placed after the authors. \\
+\verb+\affiliation{text}+ & Specify a single affiliation. Applies to all previous authors without a specified affiliation.\\
+\verb+\noaffiliation+ & For an author or collaboration without an affiliation.\\
+\verb+\date{<date>}+ & Show the date on the manuscript. \verb+\date{\today}+ gives the current date.\\
+\verb+\begin{abstract}+ & Start the manuscript's abstract. Must appear before \verb+\maketitle+ command.\\
+\verb+\pacs{<pacs codes>}+& PACS codes for manuscript. Multiple PACS codes should be specified together in a single \verb+\pacs+ macro.\\
+\verb+\keywords{<keywords>}+ & Suggested keywords for indexing.\\
+\verb+\preprint{<report number>}+ & Specify an institutional report number to appear in the upper-righthand corner of the first page. Multiple
+\verb+\preprint+ macros may be supplied, but space may limit how many can appear.\\
+\verb+\maketitle+ & Typeset the title/author/abstract block.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Sectioning Commands}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+\section{<heading>}, \subsection{<heading>}+,
+\verb+\subsubsection{<heading>}+ & Start a new section or subsection.\\
+\verb+\section*{<heading>}+ & Start a new section without a number.\\
+\verb+\appendix+ & Makes all following sections appendices.\\
+\verb+\appendix*+ & Signifies there is a single appendix section to follow.\\
+\verb+\begin{acknowledgments}+ & Start an Acknowledgments section. Note spelling.\\
+\verb+\lowercase{<text>}+ & Escape a letter or word from being uppercased in a top-level \verb+\section+ heading.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Citation, Footnote, and Cross-referencing Commands}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+\bibliography{<bib file basename>}+ & Specify a list of .bib
+files in which to find references. Read in the resulting .bbl file. For use with Bib\TeX\ . \\
+\verb+\bibliographystyle{<bst stylefile>}+ & Specify a Bib\TeX\ (.bst) style file to use. APS journal options select the proper default (\texttt{apsrev} or \texttt{apsrmp}).\\
+\verb+\begin{thebibliography}+ & Start the reference section (when not using Bib\TeX). \\
+\verb+\bibitem[<optional text>]{<key>}+ & Specify a single reference.\\
+\verb+\cite{<list of keys>}+ & Cite one or more references. \verb+<key>+ is same as that of \verb+\bibitem+. Prepend a * in front of a key to merge the reference with the previous one in the bibliography.\\
+\verb+\cite{*[{<prepended>}][{<appended>}]{<keys>}+ & Prepend and/or append text to a bibliography entry. Note use of curly braces within the square brackets.\\
+\verb+\onlinecite{<key>}+ & For superscript style citations, place the corresponding number on the baseline rather than as a superscript.\\
+\verb+\bibinfo[<tag>]{<text>}+ & A pure markup macro that adds tagging information to the components of a reference. \revtex~4 Bib\TeX\ style files automatically add them appropriately. Doesn't affect the typesetting.\\
+\verb+\url{<url>}+ & Typeset a URL (\revtex~4 automatically loads \texttt{url.sty}).Bib\TeX\ styles automatically add this markup.\\
+\verb+\eprint{<e-print id>}+ & Typeset an e-print identifier. Bib\TeX\ styles automatically add this markup.\\
+\verb+\footnote{<text>}+ & Create a footnote or endnote in bibliography depending on class options. \verb+\footnote+ within a table will create a footnote attached to the table.\\
+\verb+\footnotemark{<key>}+, \verb+\footnotetext[<key>]{<text>}+ & In a table, allows for multiple items to share the note. \\
+\verb+\label{<key>}+ & Label an item for cross-referencing. \verb+\label+ should appear within the argument of the cross-referenced item (e.g., \verb+\section{\label{<key>}...}+ or \verb+\caption{\label{<key>}...}+.\\
+\verb+\ref{<key>}+ & Refer to an item labeled by \verb+\label{<key>}+.\\
+\verb+\pageref{<key>}+ & Refer to the page on which an item labeled by \verb+\label{<key>}+ appears.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Math and Equation Commands}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+$+ & Inline math delimiter.\\
+\verb+\begin{equation}+ & Display numbered one-line equation.\\
+\verb+\[+, \verb+\]+ & Display unnumbered one-line equation.\\
+\verb+\begin{eqnarray}+ & Display multiple equations together or a
+long equation that requires multiple lines. Use \verb+widetext+
+environment for an equation that must span the page in two-column formatting.\\
+\verb+\nonumber+ & Suppress numbering of an equation with
+\verb+eqnarray+.\\
+\verb+\begin{eqnarray*}+ & Display multiple equations with no equation
+numbering at all.\\
+\verb+&+ & Alignment character for equations within \verb+eqnarray+.\\
+\verb+\\+ & End a row in \verb+eqnarray+.\\
+\verb+\\*+ & Prevent a page break at this point in an
+\verb+eqnarray+.\\
+\verb+\label{<key>}+ & Label an equation or group of equations for
+cross-referencing.\\
+\verb+\ref{<key>}+ & Refer to an equation by its label (e.g.,
+\verb+Eq~(ref{<key>})+).\\
+\verb+\tag{<key}}+ & Specify an alternative labeling separate from the
+automatic numbering of equations. Requires \verb+[amsmath]+.\\
+\verb+\text{<text>}+ & Non-italicized text within a math
+context. Requires \verb+[amsmath]+. Do not use \verb+\rm+,
+\verb+\textrm+, or \verb+\mbox+.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Some} AMS-\LaTeX\ \textsc{Commands}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+\begin{split}+ & Split equations with alignment.\\
+\verb+\begin{multline}+ & Split equations without alignment.\\
+\verb+\begin{align}+ & Equation groups with alignment.\\
+\verb+\begin{gather}+ & Equation groups without alignment.\\
+\verb+\begin{subequations}+ & Create an equation array in which each
+equation is individually numbered (4a, 4b, 4c, etc.) as part of a
+single group of equations that can be referenced as a whole.\\
+\verb+\intertext+ & Textual interjections witin a display equation.\\
+\verb+\usepackage{amscd}+ & Create commutative diagrams.\\
+\verb+\begin{pmatrix}+ & Matrices with parentheses as delimiters.\\
+\verb+\begin{bmatrix}+ & Matrices with square brackets as delimiters.\\
+\verb+\begin{Bmatrix}+ & Matrices with curly braces as delimiters.\\
+\verb+\begin{vmatrix}+ & Matrices with vertical bars as delimiters.\\
+\verb+\begin{Vmatrix}+ & Matrices with double vertical bars as
+delimiters.\\
+\verb+\hdotsfor+ & Row of dots in a matrix.\\
+\verb+\Hat+ & Alternative \verb+\hat+ accent for stacking.\\
+\verb+\Check+ & Alternative \verb+\check+ accent for stacking.\\
+\verb+\Tilde+ & Alternative \verb+\tilde+ accent for stacking.\\
+\verb+\Acute+ & Alternative \verb+\acute+ accent for stacking.\\
+\verb+\Grave+ & Alternative \verb+\grave+ accent for stacking.\\
+\verb+\Dot+ & Alternative \verb+\dot+ accent for stacking.\\
+\verb+\Ddot+ & Alternative \verb+\ddot+ accent for stacking.\\
+\verb+\Breve+ & Alternative \verb+\breve+ accent for stacking.\\
+\verb+\Vec+ & Alternative \verb+\vec+ accent for stacking.\\
+\verb+\xleftarrow+ & Extensible left arrow.\\
+\verb+\xrightarrow+ & Extensible right arrow.\\
+\verb+\overset+ & Place a symbol over another.\\
+\verb+\underset+ & Place a symbol under another.\\
+\verb+\lvert+ & Vertical bar with spacing rules appropriate for use as
+a left delimiter.\\
+\verb+\rvert+ & Vertical bar with spacing rules appropriate for use as
+a right delimiter.\\
+\verb+\lVert+ & Double vertical bar with spacing rules appropriate for use as
+a left delimiter.\\
+\verb+\rVert+ & Double vertical bar with spacing rules appropriate for use as
+a right delimiter.\\
+\verb+\DeclareMathOperator+ & Declare a new math operator so that
+spacing and font is correct.\\
+\verb+\text+ & Words and phrases in display math.\\
+\verb+\boldsymbol+ & Make symbol bold. Also available in bm.sty.\\
+\verb+\sideset+ & Sets subscripts and superscripts at the corners of a
+summation or product.\\
+\verb+\substack+ & Create a stack of subexpressions (for example,
+stacked summation limits).\\
+\verb+\begin{subarray}+ & Like \verb+\substack+, but allows finer
+control of subexpression alignment.\\
+\verb+\mathfrak+ & Replaces \verb+\frak+.\\
+\verb+\mathbb+ & Replaces \verb+\Bbb+.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Font Commands}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+\textbf{<text>}+ & Text boldface font.\\
+\verb+\textit{<text>}+ & Text italicixed font.\\
+\verb+\textrm{<text>}+ & Text Roman font.\\
+\verb+\textsl{<text>}+ & Text Slanted font.\\
+\verb+\textsc{<text>}+ & Text Small Caps font.\\
+\verb+\textsf{<text>}+ & Text Sans Serif font.\\
+\verb+\textmd{<text>}+ & Text Medium Series font.\\
+\verb+\textnormal{<text>}+ & Text Normal Series font.\\
+\verb+\textup{<text>}+ & Text Upright Series font.\\
+\verb+\texttt{<text>}+ & Text Typewriter font.\\
+\verb+\mathit{<text>}+ & Math italics font. \\
+\verb+\mathbf{<text>}+ & Math boldface font.\\
+\verb+\mathtt{<text>}+ & Math typewriter font.\\
+\verb+\mathsf{<text>}+ & Math sans serif font.\\
+\verb+\mathcal{<text>}+ & Math calligraphic font. \\
+\verb+\mathfrak{<text>}+ & Math fraktur font. Requires
+\verb+[amsfonts]+ or \verb+[amssymb]+.\\
+\verb+\mathbb{<text>}+ & Math blackboard bold font. Requires
+\verb+[amsfonts]+ or \verb+[amssymb]+.\\
+\verb+\bm{<text>}+ & Bold math symbols (Greek and other symbols). Requires \verb+\usepackage{bm}+.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Table Commands}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+\begin{table}[<placement>]+ & Start a table float environment set to the
+current column width. The
+placement options may be any combination of h, t, b, p, or ! signifying
+here, top, bottom, page, and ``as soon as possible'',
+respectively. A placement option of H will allow a long table to break
+across pages. \LaTeX\ may not be able to honor placement
+requests.\\
+\verb+\begin{table*}+ & Start a non-floating table environment set to the
+current page width. Will be deferred to the following page.\\
+\verb+\begin{ruledtabular}+ & Adds \textit{Physical Review} style double
+(Scotch) rules around a table and adjusts the intercolumn spacing.\\
+\verb+\begin{tabular}[<position>]{<column specs>}+ & The
+\verb+\tabular+ envrionment sets the positions and the number of
+columns (as well as alignment) in the table.\\
+\verb+\begin{tabular*}{<width>}[<pos>]{<col specs>}+ & Like
+\verb+tabular+, but with a set width.\\
+\verb+\squeezetable+ & Set table in a smaller font smaller. Place this
+macro before the \verb+\begin{table}+ line and sandwich everything
+between \verb+\begingroup+ and \verb+\endgroup+.\\
+\verb+\begin{longtable}{<column specs>}+ & Create a table set to the current column
+width that spans more than one
+page or column. \verb+\usepackage{longtable}+ required.\\
+\verb+\begin{longtable*}{<column specs>}+ & Create a table set to the
+current page width that spans more than one page. \verb+\usepackage{longtable}+ required.\\
+\verb+\caption{<text>}+ & Adds a caption for the table.\\
+\verb+\printtables+ & With \verb+[endfloats]+, control where the
+held back tables actually appear.\\
+\verb+\begin{turnpage}+ & Rotate a table or figure by 90 degrees
+(landscape mode). Will put figure or table on a page by
+itself. Requires \verb+\graphics+ package.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Graphics Commands}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+\begin{figure}[<placement>]+ & Start a figure float environment
+set to the current column width.
+The placement options may be any combination of h, t, b, p, or ! signifying
+here, top, bottom, page, and ``as soon as possible'',
+respectively. A placement option of H will allow a long table to break
+across pages. \LaTeX\ may not be able to honor placement
+requests.\\
+\verb+\begin{figure*}+ & Start a non-floating figure environment set
+to the current page width. Will be deferred to the following page.\\
+\verb+\includegraphics[<scale,rotation>]+\verb+{fig file}+& Defined
+by invoking either \verb+\usepackage{graphics}+ or
+\verb+\usepackage{graphicx}+, the standard \LaTeXe\ packages for calling
+in figures. \verb+graphicx+ is the same as \verb+graphics+, but uses
+key-value pairs for optional arguments.\\
+\verb+\usepackage{epsfig}+ & Provides an alternative interface to the
+\verb+graphics+ package similar to the epsf class option in \revtex~3.\\
+\verb+\printfigures+ & With \verb+[endfloats]+, control where the
+held back figures actually appear.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{Miscellaneous Commands}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+\begin{widetext}+ & Change column width to be the page
+width. Will add guiding rules.\\
+\verb+\twocolumngrid+ & Low-level switch to a two column layout.\\
+\verb+\onecolumngrid+ & Low-level switch to a single page-wide column layout.\\
+\verb+\protect+ & Protect a fragile command within a macro with a
+``moving'' argument. \verb+\caption+ and \verb+\footnote+ are common
+macros that have moving arguments.\\
+\verb+\frac{numerator}{denominator}+ & Create a fraction. Use in place of \verb+\over+.\\
+%
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{\revtex~4 and Miscellaneous Symbols}\rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt}}\\*
+\verb+\textemdash+ & \textemdash\\
+\verb+\textendash+ & \textendash\\
+\verb+\textexclamdown+ & \textexclamdown\\
+\verb+\textquestiondown+ & \textquestiondown\\
+\verb+\textquotedblleft+ & \textquotedblleft\\
+\verb+\textquotedblright+ & \textquotedblright\\
+\verb+\textquoteleft+ & \textquoteleft\\
+\verb+\textquoteright+ & \textquoteright\\
+\verb+\textbullet+ & \textbullet\\
+\verb+\textperiodcentered+ & \textperiodcentered\\
+\verb+\textvisiblespace+ & \textvisiblespace\\
+\verb+\textcompworkmark+ & Break a ligature.\\ % ``fluffier''
+%vs. ``f\textcompworkmark luf\textcompworkmark fier''.\\
+\verb+\textcircled{<char>}+ & Circle a character. \textcircled{e}.\\
+\verb+\lambdabar+ & $\lambdabar$ \\
+\cmd\openone & $\openone$\\
+\cmd\altsuccsim & $\altsuccsim$ \\
+\cmd\altprecsim & $\altprecsim$ \\
+\cmd\alt & $\alt$ \\
+\cmd\agt & $\agt$ \\
+\cmd\tensor\ x & $\tensor x$ \\
+\cmd\overstar\ x & $\overstar x$ \\
+\cmd\loarrow\ x & $\loarrow x$ \\
+\cmd\roarrow\ x & $\roarrow x$ \\
+\verb+\mathring{x}+ & $\mathring{x}$ (Replaces
+\verb+\overcir+). Standard \LaTeXe\ . \\
+\verb+\dddot{x}+ & $\dddot{x}$ (Replaces \verb+\overdots+). Requires \verb+[amsmath]+.\\
+\verb+\triangleq+ & $\triangleq$ (Replaces
+\verb+\corresponds+). Requires \verb+[amssymb]+.\\
+\cmd\biglb\ ( \cmd\bigrb ) & $\biglb( \bigrb)$ \\
+\cmd\Biglb\ ( \cmd\Bigrb ) & $\Biglb( \Bigrb)$ \\
+\cmd\bigglb\ ( \cmd\biggrb ) & $\bigglb( \biggrb)$ \\
+\cmd\Bigglb\ ( \cmd\Biggrb\ ) & $\Bigglb( \Biggrb)$
+\end{longtable*}
+
+\end{document}
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+%% ****** Start of file whatsnew4-1.tex ****** %
+%%
+%% This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution.
+%% Version 4.1r of REVTeX, August, 2010
+%%
+%% Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 The American Physical Society.
+%%
+%% See the REVTeX 4.1 README file for restrictions and more information.
+%%
+\documentclass[%
+%prl%
+%,preprint%
+,twocolumn%
+,secnumarabic%
+%,tightenlines%
+,amssymb,aps,pra,nobibnotes]{revtex4-1}
+\usepackage{docs}
+%\usepackage{acrofont}%NOTE: Comment out this line for the release version!
+%\usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=blue]{hyperref}%
+%\nofiles
+\expandafter\ifx\csname package@font\endcsname\relax\else
+ \expandafter\expandafter
+ \expandafter\usepackage
+ \expandafter\expandafter
+ \expandafter{\csname package@font\endcsname}%
+\fi
+\DeclareRobustCommand\substyle{\name@idx{document substyle}}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\classoption{\name@idx{document class option}}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\classname{\name@idx{document class}}%
+\def\name@idx#1#2{%
+ {\ttfamily#2}%
+ \index{#2\space#1=\string\ttt{#2}\space#1}\index{#1>#2=\string\ttt{#2}}%
+}%
+
+\DeclareRobustCommand\revtex{REV\TeX}
+\begin{document}
+\title{What's New in \revtex~4.1}%
+\author{American Physical Society}%
+%\email{revtex4@aps.org}
+\affiliation{1 Research Road, Ridge, NY 11961}
+\date{August 2010}%
+
+%\tableofcontents
+
+\begin{abstract}
+This document gives a brief summary of what's new in \revtex~4.1. The changes include bug fixes, improved functionality, and support for a wider range of journals, including those of the American Institute of Physics (AIP). \revtex~4.1 was developed jointly by APS, AIP, and Arthur Ogawa. Additional work was done by Patrick Daly to incorporate our suggested improvements into \texttt{natbib 8.3} to address many new features concerning bibliographies. \texttt{natbib 8.31a} or later is required to run \revtex~4.1.
+\end{abstract}
+\maketitle
+
+\section{New Syntax and Features in \revtex~4.1}
+\revtex~4.1 introduces support for more journals, several new commands, and some new syntax. This section outlines these changes. \textbf{A document using these new features will not process under \revtex~4}. See Sec.~\ref{sec:additional} for more details about these items.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textbf{Added support for APS journal \textit{Physical Review Special Topics -- Physics Education Research}}.
+\item \textbf{Added support for AIP journals.} There is now an explicit \texttt{aip} society option along with support for AIP journals. Please see the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.1}. In addition, \revtex~4.1 provides an extensible system for the easy addition of new collections of journals.
+\item \textbf{Endnotes now ordered correctly.} Endnotes in the bibliography now appear in the correct order, interleaved with citations.
+\item \textbf{Multiple references in a single citation supported using a special starred (*) argument to the \cmd\cite\ command.} One of the major new features in 4.1 made possible by the joint work on \texttt{natbib 8.3}. Multiple Bib\TeX\ entries can be combined into a single \cmd\bibitem\ command.
+\item \textbf{Bib\TeX\ style files can now display journal article titles in the bibliography.} Use the \texttt{longbibliography} class option.
+\item \textbf{Free form text can be prepended and appended to a bibliographic entry using the special starred (*) argument to the \cmd\cite\ command.} Often a citation in the bibliography will have explanatory text such as \textit{See also} or \textit{and references therein} before and after the actual citation. The new \revtex~4.1 \cmd\cite\ command allows the specification of both text to precede and follow a citation.
+\item \textbf{Structured Abstracts.} Use of the \texttt{description} environment in abstracts now provides for ``structured" abstracts.
+\item \textbf{Figures referring to videos now supported.} A ``figure" may now be labeled as a \textbf{Video} by using the \texttt{video} environment. A frame from the video may be included in the figure and a URL to link the caption's label to the online video also may be included. There is also a \cmd\listofvideos\ command.
+\item \textbf{Better support for arXiv.org in Bib\TeX\ } Three more Bib\TeX\ fields have been added: \texttt{SLACcitation}, \texttt{archivePrefix}, and \texttt{primaryClass} in addition to the existing field \texttt{eprint}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Bug Fixes in \revtex~4.1}
+One of the main goals of \revtex~4.1 is, of course, to fix the bugs that were released in \revtex~4. The following is a list of bugs that have been fixed.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textbf{Improved Bib\TeX\ \texttt{bst} files.} In addition to the new features above, numerous other improvements to the APS \texttt{bst} files have been made, including support for displaying journal article titles and many fixes for \textit{Reviews of Modern Physics}. Also, long author lists are no longer automatically truncated.
+\item \textbf{\cmd\footnote\ in \cmd\widetext\ and \texttt{table*} environments improved.} \cmd\footnote\relax s in the \cmd\widetext\ or \texttt{table*} environments are now correctly placed and formatted.
+\item \textbf{Email addresses no longer print twice on papers less than one page long.}
+\item \textbf{\texttt{eqnarray} alignment improved.}
+\item \textbf{\cmd\collaboration\ can be used with the \texttt{groupedaddress} option now.}
+\item \textbf{\texttt{letterpaper} now ensured as default paper size.}
+\item \textbf{Table of Contents formatting improved.}
+\item \textbf{Support for \texttt{longtable} and \texttt{lscape} packages improved.}
+\item \textbf{\texttt{reftest} restored.}
+\item \textbf{Compatibility with the \texttt{geometry, lineno,} and \texttt{colortbl} packages improved.} For line numbering, rather than using \texttt{lineno.sty} directly, the \texttt{linenumbers} class option should be used (this will call in \texttt{lineno.sty} with a proper set of default parameters).
+\item \texttt{hyperref} \textbf{fixes}. Improved compatibility between footnotes and the \texttt{hyperref} package. In particular, table footnotes were fixed. More anchors for \texttt{hyperref} were also added (titlepage, abstract, and acknowledgements).
+\item \textbf{Documents can have more than 256 \cmd\cite\ commands now.}
+\item \textbf{\cmd\listoffigures\ and \cmd\listoftables\ fixed.}
+\item \textbf{Figure and table labels in captions now reflect proper APS style.}
+\item \textbf{RMP style files conform better to RMP style guidelines.}
+\item \textbf{Section heading upper-casing improved.}
+\item \textbf{Repeated characters at start of affiliation no longer disappear when using \texttt{groupedaddress} option.}
+\item \textbf{There have been many other bug fixes and improvements to the internal \texttt{ltxgrid} package as well.}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{\revtex~4 Backwards Compatibility}
+The vast majority of documents prepared under \revtex~4 should process correctly under \revtex~4.1. However, the formatting of the pages and, if using Bib\TeX, the references may change. Also, the behavior of some macros may be different. For instance, the \texttt{title} macro now requires the use of \texttt{protect} for fragile arguments. This may cause some documents prepared under \revtex~4 to fail under 4.1. Some macro packages that depend on the internals of \revtex~4 may also no longer work. Documents using those packages will, of course, also will not process under 4.1.
+
+\section{\label{sec:additional}Additional Details}
+
+\subsection{Multiple references in a single bibliography entry}
+One of the most frequently requested features since the release of \revtex~4 has been to allow more than one reference to appear in a single bibliography entry when using Bib\TeX. This can now be done in \revtex~4.1 by using a starred (*) argument to the \cmd\cite\ command. This requires the latest version of \texttt{natbib}, developed in conjunction with \revtex~4.1, and the new \texttt{bst} files that come with \revtex~4.1. To combine multiple references into a single \cmd\bibitem, precede the second, third, etc. citation keys in the \cmd\cite\ command with an asterisk (*). For example \verb+\cite{bethe, *feynman, *bohr}+ will combine the \cmd\bibitem\relax s with keys \texttt{bethe}, \texttt{feynman}, and \texttt{bohr} into a single entry in the bibliography separated by semicolons.
+
+\subsection{Prepending and/or appending text to a citation}
+The expanded syntax for the \cmd\cite\ command argument can also be used to specify text before and/or after a citation. For instance, a citation such as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+[19] A similar expression was derived in
+A. V. Andreev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 247204
+(2007) in the context of carbon nanotube
+p-n junctions. The only difference is that no
+integration over ky is present there.
+\end{verbatim}
+may be created by the following \cmd\cite\ command:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\cite{*[{A similar expression was derived
+in }] [{ in the context of carbon nanotube
+p-n junctions. The only difference is that no
+integration over ky is present there.}]andreev2007]
+\end{verbatim}
+Please note the use of curly braces to enclose the text within the square brackets.
+\subsection{Structured Abstracts}
+A ``structured" abstract is an abstract divided into labeled sections. For instance, \textit{Physical Review C} would like authors to provide abstracts with sections summarizing the paper's \textbf{Background}, \textbf{Purpose}, \textbf{Method}, \textbf{Results}, and \textbf{Conclusions}. This can be accomplished by using the \texttt{description} environment within the \texttt{abstract} environment. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{abstract}
+\begin{description}
+\item[Background] This part would describe the
+context needed to understand what the paper
+is about.
+\item[Purpose] This part would state the purpose
+of the present paper.
+\item[Method] This part describe the methods
+used in the paper.
+\item[Results] This part would summarize the
+results.
+\item[Conclusions] This part would state the
+conclusions of the paper.
+\end{description}
+\end{abstract}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Video Environment}
+Papers often refer to multimedia videos. The \texttt{video} environment is identical to the \texttt{figure} environment, but the caption will be labeled as a \textbf{Video} (with its own counter independent of figures). A URL can also be specified so that the caption label can be linked to the online video (if using the \texttt{hyperref} package). The included graphic (using \cmd\includegraphics\ from the \texttt{graphics} or \texttt{graphicx} package) would be a representation frame from the video. A \texttt{\cmd\listofvideos} is also provided. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{video}
+\includegraphics{videoframe.jpg}
+\setfloatlink{http://some.video.com/fun.mov}
+\caption{\label{vid:interest}This is a video of
+something fun.}
+\end{video}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Better arXiv.org support in Bib\TeX\ }
+
+
+There have been substantial improvements in the \revtex\ Bib\TeX\ style files. For instance, the \texttt{.bib} entry
+\begin{verbatim}
+@Unpublished{Ginsparg:1988ui,
+ author = "Ginsparg, Paul H.",
+ title = "{APPLIED CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY}",
+ year = "1988",
+ eprint = "hep-th/9108028",
+ archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+ SLACcitation = "%%CITATION = HEP-TH/9108028;%%"
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+will include the arXiv.org e-print identifier as \texttt{arXiv:hep-th/9108028} and hyperlink it (if using \texttt{hyperref}). The newer format for arXiv identifiers with primary classificiations will produce output such as \texttt{arXiv:0905.1949 [hep-ph]}.
+
+
+\begin{acknowledgments}
+The development of \revtex~4.1 was managed by Mark Doyle (APS). The development of the new AIP style files and their accompanying documentation was managed by Susan Joy (AIP) with the help of Chris McMahon (AIP) and Rich O'Keeffe (AIP). Testing and evaluation were done by Michele Hake (APS), Liz Belmont (AIP), Brian Goss (AIP), Alison Waldron (AIP), and Phil Robertson (AIP). Additional detailed testing and feedback were provided by Lev Bishop (Yale).
+\end{acknowledgments}
+
+\end{document}