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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-11-01 23:50:14 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-11-01 23:50:14 +0000 |
commit | bcec5cf9be8a366b39aab4c13fa9e455b6e724ca (patch) | |
tree | 10af70bab7eedf89d55be20d1a3b9c334ad80ea3 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-fonts.tex | |
parent | 8cdb9ebeb89ec677972e7a568938c6a0dd313145 (diff) |
beamer update to get solutions/ et al. (reported by gerben)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@2379 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-fonts.tex')
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-fonts.tex | 503 |
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-fonts.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-fonts.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 21edc05b893..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-fonts.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,503 +0,0 @@ -% $Header: /cvsroot/latex-beamer/latex-beamer/doc/beamerug-fonts.tex,v 1.12 2004/10/07 20:53:05 tantau Exp $ - -% Copyright 2003, 2004 by Till Tantau <tantau@users.sourceforge.net>. -% -% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms -% of the GNU Public License, version 2. - - -\section{Fonts} - -\label{section-fonts} - -The first subsection introduces the predefined font -themes that come with \beamer\ and which make it easy to change the -fonts used in a presentation. The next subsection describes further -special commands for changing some basic attributes of the fonts used in a -presentation. The last subsection explains how you can get a much more -fine-grained control over the fonts used for every individual element -of a presentation. - - - - - -\subsection{Font Themes} - -\beamer\ comes with a set of font themes. When you use such a theme, -certain fonts are changed as described below. You can use several font -themes in concert. For historical reasons, you cannot change all -aspects of the fonts used using font themes---in same cases special -commands and options are needed, which are described in the next -subsection. - -The following font themes only change certain font attributes, they do -not choose special font families (although that would also be possible -and themes doing just that might be added in the future). Currently, -to change the font family, you need to load special packages as -explained in the next subsection. - - -\begin{fontthemeexample}{default} - The default font theme installs a sans serif font for all text of - the presentation. The default theme installs different font sizes - for things like titles or head- and footlines, but does not use - boldface or italics for ``hilighting.'' To change some or all text - to a serif font, use the |serif| theme. - - Note: The command |\mathrm| will always produce upright (not - slanted), serif text and the command |\mathsf| will always produce - upright, sans-serif text. The command |\mathbf| will produce - upright, bold-face, sans-serif or serif text, depending on whether - |mathsans| or |mathserif| is used. - - To produce an upright, sans-serif or serif text, depending on - whether |mathsans| or |mathserif| is used, you can use for instance - the command |\operatorname| from the |amsmath| package. Using this - command instead of |\mathrm| or |\mathsf| directly will - automatically adjust upright mathematical text if you switch from - sans-serif to serif or back. -\end{fontthemeexample} - -\begin{fontthemeexample*}{professionalfonts} - This font theme does not really change any fonts. Rather, it - \emph{suppresses} certain internal replacements performed by - \beamer. If you use ``professional fonts'' (fonts that you buy and - that come with a complete set of every symbol in all modes), you do - not want \beamer\ to meddle with the fonts you use. \beamer\ - normally replaces certain character glyphs in mathematical text by - more appropriate versions. For example, \beamer\ will normally - replace glyphs such that the italic characters from the main font - are used for variables in mathematical text. If your professional - font package takes care of this already, \beamer's meddling should - be switched off. Note that \beamer's substitution is automatically - turned off if one of the following packages is loaded: |mathtime|, - |mathpmnt|, |lucidabr|, |mtpro|, and |hvmath|. If your favorite - professional font package is not among these, use the - |professionalfont| option (and write me an email, so that the - package can be added). -\end{fontthemeexample*} - - - -\begin{fontthemeexample}[\oarg{options}]{serif} - This theme causes all text to be typeset using the default serif font - (except if you specify certain \meta{options}). You might wish to - consult Section~\ref{section-guidelines-serif} on whether you should - use serif fonts. - - The following \meta{options} may be given: - \begin{itemize} - \item - \declare{|stillsansserifmath|} - causes mathematical text still to be typeset using sans - serif. This option only makes sense if you also use the - |stillsansseriftext| option since sans serif math inside serif - text look silly. - \item - \declare{|stillsansserifsmall|} - will cause ``small'' text to be still typeset using sans - serif. This refers to the text in the headline, footline, and - sidebars. Using this options is often advisable since small text - is often easier to read in sans serif. - \item - \declare{|stillsansseriflarge|} - will cause ``large'' text like the presentation title or the frame - title to be still typeset using sans serif. Sans serif titles with - serif text are a popular combination in typography. - \item - \declare{|stillsansseriftext|} - will cause normal text (none of the above three) to be still - typeset using sans serif. If you use this option, you should most - likely also use the first two. However, by not using - |stillsansseriflarge|, you get a serif (possibly italic) title - over a sans serif text. This can be an interesting visual - effect. Naturally, ``interesting typographic effect'' can mean - ``terrible typographic effect'' if you choose the wrong fonts - combinations or sizes. You'll need some typographic experience to - judge this correctly. If in doubt, try asking someone who should - now. - \item - \declare{|onlymath|} - is a short-cut for selecting all of the above options except for - the first. Thus, using this option causes only mathematical text - to by typeset using a serif font. Recall that, by default, - mathematical formulas are also typeset using sans-serif - letters. In most cases, this is visually the most pleasing and - easily readable way of typesetting mathematical formulas if the - surrounding text is typeset using sans serif. However, - in mathematical texts the font used to render, say, a variable is - sometimes used to differentiate between different meanings of this - variable. In such case, it may be necessary to typeset - mathematical text using serif letters. Also, if you have a lot of - mathematical text, the audience may be quicker to ``parse'' it if - it is typeset the way people usually read mathematical text: in a - serif font. - \end{itemize} -\end{fontthemeexample} - - - -\begin{fontthemeexample}[\oarg{options}]{structurebold} - This font theme will cause titles and text in the headlines, - footlines, and sidebars to be typeset in a bold font. - - The following \meta{options} may be given: - \begin{itemize} - \item - \declare{|onlysmall|} - will cause only ``small'' text to be typeset in bold. More - precisely, only the text in the headline, footline, and sidebars - is changed to be typeset in bold. Large titles are not affected. - \item - \declare{|onlylarge|} - will cause only ``large'' text to be typeset in bold. These are - the main title, frame titles, and section entries in the table of - contents. - \end{itemize} - - As pointed out in Section~\ref{section-sizes}, you should use this - theme (possibly with the |onlysmall| option) if your font is not - scaled down properly or for light-on-dark text. - - The normal themes do not install this theme by default, while the - old compatibility themes do. Since you can reload the theme once it - has been loaded, you cannot use this theme with the old - compatibility themes to set also titles to a bold font. -\end{fontthemeexample} - -\begin{fontthemeexample}[\oarg{options}]{structureitalicserif} - This theme is similarly as the |structurebold| font theme, but where - |structurebold| makes text bold, this theme typesets it in italics and - in the standard serif font. The same \meta{options} as for the - |structurebold| theme are supported. See - Section~\ref{section-italics} for the pros and cons - of using italics. -\end{fontthemeexample} - -\begin{fontthemeexample}[\oarg{options}]{structuresmallcapsserif} - Again, this theme does exactly the same as the |structurebold| font theme, - only this time text is set using small caps and a serif - font. The same \meta{options} as for the |structurebold| theme are - supported. See Section~\ref{section-smallcaps} for the pros and cons - of using small caps. -\end{fontthemeexample} - - - - - - -\subsection{Font Changes Made Without Using Font Themes} - -While most font decisions can be made using font themes, for -historical reasons some changes can only be made using class -options or by loading special packages. These options are explained in -the following. Possibly, these options will be replaced by themes in -the future. - - -\subsubsection{Choosing a Font Size for Normal Text} - -As pointed out in Section~\ref{section-sizes}, measuring the default -font size in points is not really a good idea for -presentations. Nevertheless, \beamer\ does just that, setting the -default font size to 11pt as usual. This may seem ridiculously small, but -the actual size of each frame is just 128mm times 96mm and the viewer -application enlarges the font. By specifying a default font size -smaller than 11pt you can put more onto each slide, by specifying a -larger font size you can fit on less. - -To specify the font size, you can use the following class options: - -\begin{classoption}{8pt} - This is way too small. Requires that the package |extsize| - is installed. -\end{classoption} - -\begin{classoption}{9pt} - This is also too small. Requires that the package |extsize| - is installed. -\end{classoption} - -\begin{classoption}{10pt} - If you really need to fit much onto each frame, use this - option. Works without |extsize|. -\end{classoption} - -\begin{classoption}{smaller} - Same as the |10pt| option. -\end{classoption} - -\begin{classoption}{11pt} - The default font size. You need not specify this option. -\end{classoption} - -\begin{classoption}{12pt} - Makes all fonts a little bigger, which makes the text more - readable. The downside is that less fits onto each frame. -\end{classoption} - -\begin{classoption}{bigger} - Same as the |12pt| option. -\end{classoption} - -\begin{classoption}{14pt} - Makes all fonts somewhat bigger. Requires |extsize| to be installed. -\end{classoption} - -\begin{classoption}{17pt} - This is about the default size of PowerPoint. Requires |extsize| to - be installed. -\end{classoption} - -\begin{classoption}{20pt} - This is really huge. Requires |extsize| to be installed. -\end{classoption} - - - -\subsubsection{Choosing a Font Family} - -\label{section-substition} - -By default, \beamer\ uses the Computer Modern fonts. To change this, -you can use one of the prepared packages of \LaTeX's font -mechanism. For example, to change to Times/Helvetica, simply add -\begin{verbatim} -\usepackage{mathptmx} -\usepackage{helvet} -\end{verbatim} -in your preamble. Note that if you do not use the |serif| font theme, -Helvetica (not Times) will be selected as the text font. - -There may be many other fonts available on your -installation. Typically, at least some of the following packages -should be available: |avant|, |bookman|, |chancery|, |charter|, -|euler|, |helvet|, |mathtime|, |mathptm|, |mathptmx|, |newcent|, -|palatino|, |pifont|, |utopia|. - - -\subsubsection{Choosing a Font Encodings} -\label{section-font-encoding} - -The same font can come in different encodings, which are (very roughly -spoken) the ways the characters of a text are mapped to glyphs (the -actual shape of a particular character in a particular font at a -particular size). In \TeX\ two encodings are often used with Latin -characters: the T1~encoding and the OT1~encoding (old T1~encoding). - -Conceptually, the newer T1~encoding is preferable over the old -OT1~encoding. For example, hyphenation of words containing umlauts -(like the famous German word Fr\"aulein) will work only if you use the -T1~encoding. Unfortunately, the EC fonts, that is, the T1-encoded -Computer Modern fonts, are distributed on small installations just as -MetaFont sources and only have bitmap renditions of each glyph. For -this reason, using the T1-encoded EC fonts on such small installations -will produce \pdf\ files that render poorly. - -MiK\TeX\ (for Windows platforms) and \texttt{teTeX} for -\textsc{unix}\slash Linux can be installed with different levels of -completeness. Concerning the Computer Modern fonts, the following -packages can be installed: |cm-super| fonts, |lmodern| (Latin Modern) -fonts, and |lgc| fonts, the latter containing the Latin, Greek, and -Cyrillic alphabets. Concerning other fonts, the |txfonts| and -|pxfonts| are two extended sets of the Times and the Palatino -PostScript fonts, both packages containing extended sets of -mathematical glyphs. Most other standard PostScript fonts are also -available in T1~encoding. - -Among the packages that make available the Computer Modern fonts in the -T1~encoding, the package |lmodern| may be suggested. If you use -|lmodern|, several extra fonts become available (like a sans-serif -boldface math) and extra symbols (like proper guillemots). - -To select the T1 encoding, use \verb|\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}|. Thus, if you -have the LM~fonts installed, you could write -\begin{verbatim} -\usepackage{lmodern} -\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} -\end{verbatim} -to get beautiful outline fonts and correct hyphenation. Note, however, that -certain older versions of the LM~bundle did not include correct glyphs -for ligatures like ``fi,'' which may cause trouble. Double check -that all ligatures are displayed correctly and, if not, update. - - - - -\subsection{Changing the Fonts Used for Different Elements of a Presentation} - -This section explains how \beamer's font management works. - -\subsubsection{Overview of Beamer's Font Management} - -\beamer's font mechanism is somewhat similar to \beamer's color -mechanism, but not quite the same. As for colors, every \beamer\ -element, like the frame titles, the document title, the footnotes, and -so on has a certain \beamer-font. As for colors, on the one hand you -can specify the font of each element individually; on the other hand -fonts also use inheritance, thereby making it easy to globally change -the fonts used for, say, ``titlelike things'' or for ``itemizelike -things.'' - -While a \beamer-color has a certain foreground and a certain -background, either of which may be empty, a \beamer-font has a size, a -shape, a series, and a family, each of which may be empty. The -inheritance relation among \beamer-fonts is not necessarily the same -as between \beamer-colors, though I have tried to match them whenever -possible. - -Multiple inheritance plays a more important rule for -fonts than it does for colors. A font might inherit the attributes of -two different fonts. If one of them specifies that the font should be, -say, boldface and the other specifies that the font should be, say, -large, then the child font will be both large and bold. - -As for fonts, the description of the font used for an element is given -after the description of the element. - - -\subsubsection{Using Beamer's Fonts} - -To use a \beamer-font, you can use the command -|\usebeamerfont|. Inside the templates for elements, this command will -(typically) have already been called for you, so you will only -seldomly have to use this command. - -\begin{command}{\usebeamerfont\opt{|*|}\marg{beamer-font name}} - This command changes the current font to the font specified by the - \meta{beamer-font name}. The \meta{beamer-font name} can be a - not-too-fancyful text and may contain spaces. Typical examples are - |frametitle| or |section in toc| or |My Font 1|. \beamer-fonts can - have (and should) have the same name as \beamer-templates and - \beamer-colors. - - \example |\usebeamerfont{frametitle}| - - In the unstarred version of this command, the font is changed - according to the attributes specified in the \meta{beamer-font - name}, but unspecified attributes remain unchanged. For example, if - the font specifies that the font should be ``bold,'' but specifies - nothing else, and if the current font is large, then - |\usebeamerfont| causes the the current font to become large and - bold. - - In the starred version of this command, the font is first reset - before the font's attributes are applied. Thus, in the above example - of a \beamer-font having only the attribute ``boldface'' set, saying - |\usebeamerfont*| will \emph{always} cause the current font to - become a normal-size, normal-shape, bold, default-family font. -\end{command} - - -\subsubsection{Setting Beamer's Fonts} - -As for \beamer-colors, there exists a central command for setting and -changing \beamer-fonts. - -\begin{command}{\setbeamerfont\opt{|*|}\marg{beamer-font - name}\marg{attributes}} - This command sets or resets certain attributes of the \beamer-font - \meta{beamer-font name}. In the unstarred version, this command just - adds those attributes that have not been mentioned in a previous - call and overwrites those that have been mentioned. Thus, the - following two command blocks have the same effect: - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\large} -\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{series=\bfseries} - -\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\large,series=\bfseries} -\end{verbatim} - - In the starred version, the font attributes are first completely - reset, that is, set to be empty. - - The following \meta{attributes} may be given: - \begin{itemize} - \item \declare{|size=|\meta{size command}} sets the size - attribute of the \beamer font. The \meta{size command} should be a - normal \LaTeX-command used for setting the font size or it should - be empty. Useful commands include |\tiny|, |\scriptsize|, - |\footnotesize|, |\small|, |\normalsize|, |\large|, |\Large|, - |\huge|, and |\Huge|. \beamer\ also introduces the two font sizes - |\Tiny| and |\TINY| for \emph{really} small text. But you should - know \emph{exactly} what you are doing if you use them. You have - been warned. - - Note that there is a different between - specifying and empty command and specifying |\normalsize|: Making - the size attribute ``empty'' means that the font size should not - be changed when this font is used, while specifying |\normalsize| - means that the size should be set to the normal size whenever this - font is used. - \item \declare{|size*=|\marg{size in pt}\marg{baselineskip}} sets - the size attribute of the font to the given \meta{size in pt} - and the baseline skip to the given value. Note that, depending on - what kind of font you use, not all font sizes may be - available. Also, certain font sizes are much less desirable than - other ones; the standard commands take care of choosing - appropriate sizes for you. Do not use this options unless you have - a good reason. This command has the same effect as - |size={\fontsize|\marg{size in pt}\marg{baselineskip}|}|. - \item \declare{|shape=|\meta{shape command}} sets the shape - attribute of the font. The command should be command like - |\itshape|, |\slshape|, |\scshape|, or |\upshape|. - \item \declare{|shape*=|\marg{shape attribute abbreviation}} sets - the shape attribute of the font using the \LaTeX's abbreviations - for attributes. This command has the same effect as - |shape={\fontshape|\marg{shape attributes abbreviation}|}|. - \item \declare{|series=|\meta{series command}} sets the ``series'' - attribute of the font. The command should be command like - |\bfseries|. - \item \declare{|series*=|\marg{series attribute abbreviation}} has - the same effect as |series={\fontseries|\marg{series attributes - abbreviation}|}|. - \item \declare{|family=|\meta{family command}} sets the font family - attribute. The command should be a \LaTeX-font command like - |\rmfamily| or |\sffamily|. - \item \declare{|family*=|\marg{family name}} sets the font family - attribute to the given \meta{family name}. The command has the - same effect as |family={\fontfamily|\marg{family name}|}|. The - \meta{family name} is, normally, a somewhat cryptic abbreviation - of a font family name that installed somewhere on the system. For - example, the \meta{family name} for Times happens to be - |ptm|. No one can remember these names, so its perfectly normal if - you have to look them up laboriously. - \item \declare{|parent=|\marg{parent list}} specifies a list of - parent fonts. When the \beamer-font is used, the parents are used - first. Thus, any font attributes set by one of the parents is - inherited by the \beamer-font, except if this attribute is - overwritten by the font. - \end{itemize} - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamerfont{parent A}{size=\large} -\setbeamerfont{parent B}{series=\bfseries} -\setbeamerfont{child}{parent={parent A, parent B},size=\small} - -\normalfont -This text is in a normal font. -\usebeamerfont{parent A} -This text is large. -\usebeamerfont{parent B} -This text is large and bold. -\usebeamerfont{parent B} -This text is still large and bold. -\usebeamerfont*{parent B} -This text is only bold, but not large. -\usebeamerfont{child} -This text is small and bold. -\end{verbatim} -\end{command} - - - - -%%% Local Variables: -%%% mode: latex -%%% TeX-master: "beameruserguide" -%%% End: |