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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-01-09 00:49:07 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-01-09 00:49:07 +0000 |
commit | 007f67a693e4d031fd3d792df8e4d5f43e2cb2e7 (patch) | |
tree | 90d17e00e572ecb1e24764b6f29c80e098b08d29 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite | |
parent | 950209b26f70aa87ed07c54f82a95b6f03b7c3a0 (diff) |
doc/latex
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@84 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite')
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README | 70 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.adx | 1026 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf | bin | 0 -> 420378 bytes | |||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex | 4082 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/dutch.apc | 188 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/english.apc | 107 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/german.apc | 142 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/greek.apc | 109 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/ngerman.apc | 33 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/swedish.apc | 93 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt | 68 |
11 files changed, 5918 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..169ae847d17 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% This is file `README'.
+%
+% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
+% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
+% -------------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
+% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%
+% \fi
+
+THE APACITE PACKAGE [2005/06/08]
+================================
+
+The apacite package (for LaTeX and BibTeX) attempts to capture the
+requirements of the American Psychological Association concerning citations
+and reference list as closely as possible. In addition, it provides a large
+number of options and other possibilities for customization, so that a wide
+range of citation styles and reference list styles can be handled.
+Furthermore, it also provides the possibility of automatically generating an
+author index.
+
+The documentation of the apacite package is in the file apacite.pdf. This file
+can also be generated by processing the file apacite.tex, which in this way
+acts as an extensive test of the package. To get the references, the author
+index, and the table of contents of apacite.tex right, the following list of
+commands must be executed:
+
+latex apacite
+bibtex apacite
+latex apacite
+latex apacite
+latex apacite
+makeindex -o apacite.and apacite.adx
+latex apacite
+latex apacite
+makeindex -o apacite.and apacite.adx
+latex apacite
+
+So 10 runs are necessary in order to get everything OK. Apart from this, the
+url package (url.sty) must be available in a place where TeX can find it. This
+is not necessary for the apacite package itself, but for the test examples
+from the APA manual that are used in the document apacite.tex. Furthermore,
+the index package (index.sty, available from CTAN; search for index.sty or
+index.dtx) must be available in a place where TeX can find it. This is
+necessary for the apacite package if an author index is requested, and this is
+done in the document apacite.tex.
+
+If you have a problem with the package/bibstyle that is not described in the
+documentation, please locate it as specifically as possible and E-Mail me a
+short but comprehensive description of the problem and the pieces of the .tex
+and .bib files that seem to be invoking the problem. If I have time, I will
+have a look and answer (and, I hope, solve the problem).
+
+Good luck with it!
+
+Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl>
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.adx b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.adx new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..865e6bf0d07 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.adx @@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@ +\indexentry {lamport l @Lamport, L.}{2} +\indexentry {meijer e @Meijer, E.}{4} +\indexentry {knuth de @Knuth, D.\nobreakspace {}E.}{7} +\indexentry {bandura aj @Bandura, A.\nobreakspace {}J.}{11} +\indexentry {minor @Minor}{11} +\indexentry {adams @Adams}{11} +\indexentry {storandt @Storandt}{11} +\indexentry {goossens m @Goossens, M.}{12} +\indexentry {mittelbach f @Mittelbach, F.}{12} +\indexentry {samarin a @Samarin, A.}{12} +\indexentry {goossens m @Goossens, M.}{12} +\indexentry {goossens m @Goossens, M.}{14} +\indexentry {lamport l @Lamport, L.}{14} +\indexentry {goossens m @Goossens, M.}{14} +\indexentry {gottfredson gd @Gottfredson, G.\nobreakspace {}D.}{17} +\indexentry {freud s @Freud, S.}{22} +\indexentry {aristotle @Aristotle}{26} +\indexentry {lamport l @Lamport, L.}{29} +\indexentry {wansbeek t @Wansbeek, T.}{29} +\indexentry {meijer e @Meijer, E.}{29} +\indexentry {lamport l @Lamport, L.}{34} +\indexentry {goossens m @Goossens, M.}{34} +\indexentry {meijer e @Meijer, E.}{45} +\indexentry {wansbeek t @Wansbeek, T.}{45} +\indexentry {meijer e @Meijer, E.}{45} +\indexentry {walker @Walker}{47} +\indexentry {walker @Walker}{47} +\indexentry {walker @Walker}{47} +\indexentry {walker @Walker}{47} +\indexentry {walker @Walker}{47} +\indexentry {wasserstein @Wasserstein}{47} +\indexentry {zappulla @Zappulla}{47} +\indexentry {rosen @Rosen}{47} +\indexentry {gerstman @Gerstman}{47} +\indexentry {rock @Rock}{47} +\indexentry {wasserstein @Wasserstein}{47} +\indexentry {wasserstein @Wasserstein}{47} +\indexentry {bradley @Bradley}{47} +\indexentry {ramirez @Ramirez}{47} +\indexentry {soo @Soo}{47} +\indexentry {bradley @Bradley}{47} +\indexentry {soo @Soo}{47} +\indexentry {ramirez @Ramirez}{47} +\indexentry {brown @Brown}{47} +\indexentry {bradley @Bradley}{47} +\indexentry {ramirez @Ramirez}{47} +\indexentry {soo @Soo}{47} +\indexentry {bradley @Bradley}{47} +\indexentry {soo @Soo}{47} +\indexentry {kosslyn @Kosslyn}{47} +\indexentry {koenig @Koenig}{47} +\indexentry {barrett @Barrett}{47} +\indexentry {kosslyn @Kosslyn}{47} +\indexentry {koenig @Koenig}{47} +\indexentry {gabrieli @Gabrieli}{47} +\indexentry {nightlinger @Nightlinger}{47} +\indexentry {littlewood @Littlewood}{47} +\indexentry {joreskog kg @J{\"{o}}reskog, K.\nobreakspace {}G.}{48} +\indexentry {sorbom d @S{\"{o}}rbom, D.}{48} +\indexentry {universityofpittsburgh @{University of Pittsburgh}}{48} +\indexentry {anonymous @Anonymous}{48} +\indexentry {luce rd @Luce, R.\nobreakspace {}D.}{48} +\indexentry {luce pa @Luce, P.\nobreakspace {}A.}{48} +\indexentry {goldberg jm @Goldberg, J.\nobreakspace {}M.}{48} +\indexentry {neff @Neff}{48} +\indexentry {goldberg me @Goldberg, M.\nobreakspace {}E.}{48} +\indexentry {wurtz @Wurtz}{48} +\indexentry {edeline @Edeline}{49} +\indexentry {weinberger @Weinberger}{49} +\indexentry {gogel @Gogel}{49} +\indexentry {johnson @Johnson}{49} +\indexentry {singh @Singh}{49} +\indexentry {balda @Balda}{49} +\indexentry {kamil @Kamil}{49} +\indexentry {pepperberg @Pepperberg}{49} +\indexentry {funk @Funk}{49} +\indexentry {minor @Minor}{49} +\indexentry {adams @Adams}{49} +\indexentry {storandt @Storandt}{49} +\indexentry {author @Author}{49} +\indexentry {author @Author}{49} +\indexentry {author @Author}{49} +\indexentry {aristotle @Aristotle}{49} +\indexentry {james @James}{49} +\indexentry {cheek @Cheek}{49} +\indexentry {buss @Buss}{49} +\indexentry {shimamura @Shimamura}{49} +\indexentry {myers @Myers}{49} +\indexentry {beutler @Beutler}{49} +\indexentry {hashtroudi @Hashtroudi}{49} +\indexentry {chrosniak @Chrosniak}{49} +\indexentry {schwartz @Schwartz}{49} +\indexentry {brown jr @Brown, J.\nobreakspace {}R.}{50} +\indexentry {browning ar @Browning, A.\nobreakspace {}R.}{50} +\indexentry {macarthur @MacArthur}{50} +\indexentry {mcallister @McAllister}{50} +\indexentry {macneil @MacNeil}{50} +\indexentry {mcarthy @M'Carthy}{50} +\indexentry {debase @DeBase}{50} +\indexentry {devries j @De\nobreakspace {}Vries, J.}{50} +\indexentry {helmholtz hlf von @Helmholtz, H. L.\nobreakspace {}F. von}{50} +\indexentry {goossens m @Goossens, M.}{50} +\indexentry {hewlett ls @Hewlett, L.\nobreakspace {}S.}{50} +\indexentry {hewlett ls @Hewlett, L.\nobreakspace {}S.}{50} +\indexentry {alleyne rl @Alleyne, R.\nobreakspace {}L.}{51} +\indexentry {alleyne rl @Alleyne, R.\nobreakspace {}L.}{51} +\indexentry {evans aj @Evans, A.\nobreakspace {}J.}{51} +\indexentry {gosling jr @Gosling, J.\nobreakspace {}R.}{51} +\indexentry {jerald k @Jerald, K.}{51} +\indexentry {belfar sf @Belfar, S.\nobreakspace {}F.}{51} +\indexentry {gosling jr @Gosling, J.\nobreakspace {}R.}{51} +\indexentry {tevlin df @Tevlin, D.\nobreakspace {}F.}{51} +\indexentry {hayward d @Hayward, D.}{51} +\indexentry {firsching a @Firsching, A.}{51} +\indexentry {brown j @Brown, J.}{51} +\indexentry {hayward d @Hayward, D.}{51} +\indexentry {firsching a @Firsching, A.}{51} +\indexentry {smigel j @Smigel, J.}{51} +\indexentry {cabading jr @Cabading, J.\nobreakspace {}R.}{51} +\indexentry {wright k @Wright, K.}{51} +\indexentry {cabading jr @Cabading, J.\nobreakspace {}R.}{51} +\indexentry {wright k @Wright, K.}{51} +\indexentry {baheti jr @Baheti, J.\nobreakspace {}R.}{51} +\indexentry {baheti jr @Baheti, J.\nobreakspace {}R.}{51} +\indexentry {mathur al @Mathur, A.\nobreakspace {}L.}{51} +\indexentry {wallston j @Wallston, J.}{51} +\indexentry {mathur se @Mathur, S.\nobreakspace {}E.}{51} +\indexentry {ahlers rj @Ahlers, R.\nobreakspace {}J.}{51} +\indexentry {bandura aj @Bandura, A.\nobreakspace {}J.}{51} +\indexentry {bretschneider jg @Bretschneider, J.\nobreakspace {}G.}{51} +\indexentry {mccoy nl @McCoy, N.\nobreakspace {}L.}{51} +\indexentry {kernis mh @Kernis, M.\nobreakspace {}H.}{51} +\indexentry {cornell dp @Cornell, D.\nobreakspace {}P.}{51} +\indexentry {sun cr @Sun, C.-R.}{51} +\indexentry {berry a @Berry, A.}{51} +\indexentry {harlow t @Harlow, T.}{51} +\indexentry {robinson dn @Robinson, D.\nobreakspace {}N.}{51} +\indexentry {bulatao ewithwinfordca @Bulatao, E.\nobreakspace {}{(with Winford, C. A.)}.}{51} +\indexentry {fowers bj @Fowers, B.\nobreakspace {}J.}{51} +\indexentry {olson dh @Olson, D.\nobreakspace {}H.}{51} +\indexentry {deutsch fm @Deutsch, F.\nobreakspace {}M.}{51} +\indexentry {lussier jb @Lussier, J.\nobreakspace {}B.}{51} +\indexentry {servis lj @Servis, L.\nobreakspace {}J.}{51} +\indexentry {oneil jm @O'Neil, J.\nobreakspace {}M.}{51} +\indexentry {egan j @Egan, J.}{51} +\indexentry {buss dm @Buss, D.\nobreakspace {}M.}{51} +\indexentry {schmitt dp @Schmitt, D.\nobreakspace {}P.}{51} +\indexentry {henry wa iii @Henry, W.\nobreakspace {}A., III}{51} +\indexentry {saxe gb @Saxe, G.\nobreakspace {}B.}{52} +\indexentry {baker fm @Baker, F.\nobreakspace {}M.}{52} +\indexentry {lightfoot ob @Lightfoot, O.\nobreakspace {}B.}{52} +\indexentry {merikle pm @Merikle, P.\nobreakspace {}M.}{52} +\indexentry {eid m @Eid, M.}{52} +\indexentry {langeheine r @Langeheine, R.}{52} +\indexentry {herman lm @Herman, L.\nobreakspace {}M.}{52} +\indexentry {kuczaj sa iii @Kuczaj, S.\nobreakspace {}A., III}{52} +\indexentry {holder md @Holder, M.\nobreakspace {}D.}{52} +\indexentry {herman lm @Herman, L.\nobreakspace {}M.}{52} +\indexentry {herman lm @Herman, L.\nobreakspace {}M.}{52} +\indexentry {kuczaj sa iii @Kuczaj, S.\nobreakspace {}A., III}{52} +\indexentry {holder md @Holder, M.\nobreakspace {}D.}{52} +\indexentry {herman lm @Herman, L.\nobreakspace {}M.}{52} +\indexentry {mellers ba @Mellers, B.\nobreakspace {}A.}{52} +\indexentry {mellers ba @Mellers, B.\nobreakspace {}A.}{52} +\indexentry {mellers ba @Mellers, B.\nobreakspace {}A.}{52} +\indexentry {mellers ba @Mellers, B.\nobreakspace {}A.}{52} +\indexentry {klimoski r @Klimoski, R.}{52} +\indexentry {palmer s @Palmer, S.}{52} +\indexentry {klimoski r @Klimoski, R.}{52} +\indexentry {palmer s @Palmer, S.}{52} +\indexentry {klimoski r @Klimoski, R.}{52} +\indexentry {palmer s @Palmer, S.}{52} +\indexentry {klimoski r @Klimoski, R.}{52} +\indexentry {palmer s @Palmer, S.}{52} +\indexentry {saywitz kj @Saywitz, K.\nobreakspace {}J.}{52} +\indexentry {mannarino ap @Mannarino, A.\nobreakspace {}P.}{52} +\indexentry {berliner l @Berliner, L.}{52} +\indexentry {cohen ja @Cohen, J.\nobreakspace {}A.}{52} +\indexentry {saywitz kj @Saywitz, K.\nobreakspace {}J.}{52} +\indexentry {saywitz kj @Saywitz, K.\nobreakspace {}J.}{52} +\indexentry {mannarino ap @Mannarino, A.\nobreakspace {}P.}{52} +\indexentry {berliner l @Berliner, L.}{52} +\indexentry {cohen ja @Cohen, J.\nobreakspace {}A.}{52} +\indexentry {saywitz kj @Saywitz, K.\nobreakspace {}J.}{52} +\indexentry {wolchik sa @Wolchik, S.\nobreakspace {}A.}{52} +\indexentry {wolchik sa @Wolchik, S.\nobreakspace {}A.}{52} +\indexentry {wolchik sa @Wolchik, S.\nobreakspace {}A.}{52} +\indexentry {wolchik sa @Wolchik, S.\nobreakspace {}A.}{52} +\indexentry {swait j @Swait, J.}{52} +\indexentry {swait j @Swait, J.}{53} +\indexentry {swait j @Swait, J.}{53} +\indexentry {swait j @Swait, J.}{53} +\indexentry {zuckerman m @Zuckerman, M.}{53} +\indexentry {kieffer sc @Kieffer, S.\nobreakspace {}C.}{53} +\indexentry {zuckerman m @Zuckerman, M.}{53} +\indexentry {kieffer sc @Kieffer, S.\nobreakspace {}C.}{53} +\indexentry {zuckerman m @Zuckerman, M.}{53} +\indexentry {kieffer sc @Kieffer, S.\nobreakspace {}C.}{53} +\indexentry {zuckerman m @Zuckerman, M.}{53} +\indexentry {kieffer sc @Kieffer, S.\nobreakspace {}C.}{53} +\indexentry {kandel er @Kandel, E.\nobreakspace {}R.}{53} +\indexentry {squire lr @Squire, L.\nobreakspace {}R.}{53} +\indexentry {kandel er @Kandel, E.\nobreakspace {}R.}{53} +\indexentry {squire lr @Squire, L.\nobreakspace {}R.}{53} +\indexentry {kandel er @Kandel, E.\nobreakspace {}R.}{53} +\indexentry {squire lr @Squire, L.\nobreakspace {}R.}{53} +\indexentry {kandel er @Kandel, E.\nobreakspace {}R.}{53} +\indexentry {squire lr @Squire, L.\nobreakspace {}R.}{53} +\indexentry {brown ls @Brown, L.\nobreakspace {}S.}{53} +\indexentry {brown ls @Brown, L.\nobreakspace {}S.}{53} +\indexentry {brown ls @Brown, L.\nobreakspace {}S.}{53} +\indexentry {brown ls @Brown, L.\nobreakspace {}S.}{53} +\indexentry {schwartz j @Schwartz, J.}{53} +\indexentry {schwartz j @Schwartz, J.}{53} +\indexentry {schwartz j @Schwartz, J.}{53} +\indexentry {schwartz j @Schwartz, J.}{53} +\indexentry {berkowitz ad @Berkowitz, A.\nobreakspace {}D.}{54} +\indexentry {berkowitz ad @Berkowitz, A.\nobreakspace {}D.}{54} +\indexentry {berkowitz ad @Berkowitz, A.\nobreakspace {}D.}{54} +\indexentry {berkowitz ad @Berkowitz, A.\nobreakspace {}D.}{54} +\indexentry {barlow dh @Barlow, D.\nobreakspace {}H.}{54} +\indexentry {barlow dh @Barlow, D.\nobreakspace {}H.}{54} +\indexentry {barlow dh @Barlow, D.\nobreakspace {}H.}{54} +\indexentry {barlow dh @Barlow, D.\nobreakspace {}H.}{54} +\indexentry {harris pl @Harris, P.\nobreakspace {}L.}{54} +\indexentry {kavanaugh rd @Kavanaugh, R.\nobreakspace {}D.}{54} +\indexentry {harris pl @Harris, P.\nobreakspace {}L.}{54} +\indexentry {kavanaugh rd @Kavanaugh, R.\nobreakspace {}D.}{54} +\indexentry {harris pl @Harris, P.\nobreakspace {}L.}{54} +\indexentry {kavanaugh rd @Kavanaugh, R.\nobreakspace {}D.}{54} +\indexentry {harris pl @Harris, P.\nobreakspace {}L.}{54} +\indexentry {kavanaugh rd @Kavanaugh, R.\nobreakspace {}D.}{54} +\indexentry {battig wf @Battig, W.\nobreakspace {}F.}{54} +\indexentry {montague we @Montague, W.\nobreakspace {}E.}{54} +\indexentry {battig wf @Battig, W.\nobreakspace {}F.}{54} +\indexentry {montague we @Montague, W.\nobreakspace {}E.}{54} +\indexentry {battig wf @Battig, W.\nobreakspace {}F.}{54} +\indexentry {montague we @Montague, W.\nobreakspace {}E.}{54} +\indexentry {battig wf @Battig, W.\nobreakspace {}F.}{54} +\indexentry {montague we @Montague, W.\nobreakspace {}E.}{54} +\indexentry {ganster dc @Ganster, D.\nobreakspace {}C.}{54} +\indexentry {schaubroeck j @Schaubroeck, J.}{54} +\indexentry {sime we @Sime, W.\nobreakspace {}E.}{54} +\indexentry {mayes bt @Mayes, B.\nobreakspace {}T.}{54} +\indexentry {ganster dc @Ganster, D.\nobreakspace {}C.}{54} +\indexentry {ganster dc @Ganster, D.\nobreakspace {}C.}{54} +\indexentry {schaubroeck j @Schaubroeck, J.}{54} +\indexentry {sime we @Sime, W.\nobreakspace {}E.}{54} +\indexentry {mayes bt @Mayes, B.\nobreakspace {}T.}{54} +\indexentry {ganster dc @Ganster, D.\nobreakspace {}C.}{54} +\indexentry {woolf nj @Woolf, N.\nobreakspace {}J.}{54} +\indexentry {young sl @Young, S.\nobreakspace {}L.}{54} +\indexentry {fanselow ms @Fanselow, M.\nobreakspace {}S.}{54} +\indexentry {butcher ll @Butcher, L.\nobreakspace {}L.}{54} +\indexentry {woolf nj @Woolf, N.\nobreakspace {}J.}{54} +\indexentry {woolf nj @Woolf, N.\nobreakspace {}J.}{54} +\indexentry {young sl @Young, S.\nobreakspace {}L.}{54} +\indexentry {fanselow ms @Fanselow, M.\nobreakspace {}S.}{54} +\indexentry {butcher ll @Butcher, L.\nobreakspace {}L.}{54} +\indexentry {woolf nj @Woolf, N.\nobreakspace {}J.}{54} +\indexentry {nakazato k @Nakazato, K.}{54} +\indexentry {shimonaka y @Shimonaka, Y.}{54} +\indexentry {homma a @Homma, A.}{54} +\indexentry {nakazato k @Nakazato, K.}{54} +\indexentry {nakazato k @Nakazato, K.}{54} +\indexentry {shimonaka y @Shimonaka, Y.}{54} +\indexentry {homma a @Homma, A.}{54} +\indexentry {nakazato k @Nakazato, K.}{54} +\indexentry {regier aa @Regier, A.\nobreakspace {}A.}{55} +\indexentry {narrow we @Narrow, W.\nobreakspace {}E.}{55} +\indexentry {rae ds @Rae, D.\nobreakspace {}S.}{55} +\indexentry {regier aa @Regier, A.\nobreakspace {}A.}{55} +\indexentry {regier aa @Regier, A.\nobreakspace {}A.}{55} +\indexentry {narrow we @Narrow, W.\nobreakspace {}E.}{55} +\indexentry {rae ds @Rae, D.\nobreakspace {}S.}{55} +\indexentry {regier aa @Regier, A.\nobreakspace {}A.}{55} +\indexentry {fiske st @Fiske, S.\nobreakspace {}T.}{55} +\indexentry {fiske st @Fiske, S.\nobreakspace {}T.}{55} +\indexentry {fiske st @Fiske, S.\nobreakspace {}T.}{55} +\indexentry {fiske st @Fiske, S.\nobreakspace {}T.}{55} +\indexentry {ising m @Ising, M.}{55} +\indexentry {ising m @Ising, M.}{55} +\indexentry {ising m @Ising, M.}{55} +\indexentry {ising m @Ising, M.}{55} +\indexentry {stutte h @Stutte, H.}{55} +\indexentry {stutte h @Stutte, H.}{55} +\indexentry {stutte h @Stutte, H.}{55} +\indexentry {stutte h @Stutte, H.}{55} +\indexentry {coltheart m @Coltheart, M.}{55} +\indexentry {curtis b @Curtis, B.}{55} +\indexentry {atkins p @Atkins, P.}{55} +\indexentry {haller m @Haller, M.}{55} +\indexentry {beck caj @Beck, C. 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{lengua l @Lengua, L.}{82} +\indexentry {woolf nj @Woolf, N.\nobreakspace {}J.}{82} +\indexentry {young sl @Young, S.\nobreakspace {}L.}{82} +\indexentry {fanselow ms @Fanselow, M.\nobreakspace {}S.}{82} +\indexentry {butcher ll @Butcher, L.\nobreakspace {}L.}{82} +\indexentry {zuckerman m @Zuckerman, M.}{82} +\indexentry {kieffer sc @Kieffer, S.\nobreakspace {}C.}{82} diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fb77dcf4ec5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f7c318f3d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex @@ -0,0 +1,4082 @@ +% \iffalse meta-comment +% +% This is file `apacite.tex'. +% +% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed +% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved. +% +% This file is part of the `apacite' package. +% ------------------------------------------- +% +% It may be distributed and/or modified under the +% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 +% of this license or (at your option) any later version. +% The latest version of this license is in +% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +% version 2003/12/01 or later. +% +% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a +% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'. +% +% \fi + +%% apacite.tex : User's manual and test of the apacite package +%% Written by Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl> +%% This version: [2005/06/08] +%% +%% See the README file for instructions how to process this file. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%% BASIC DOCUMENTCLASS AND LOADING OF PACKAGES +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\documentclass{article} + +%%% The following line can be uncommented to test compatibility with TeX4ht. +%\usepackage{tex4ht} + +%%% The following line is used for references to internet sources. +%%% It is not generally necessary for apacite, but used in the examples. +\usepackage{url} + +%%% The following lines can be uncommented to test compatibility with +%%% the mentioned other packages and test the language support of +%%% apacite. +%\usepackage[dvips,pagebackref]{hyperref}% citations are not links here +%\usepackage[english]{babel}% babel must be loaded before apacite +%\usepackage{german} + +%%% Loading apacite with (or without) author index option. +%\usepackage[tocindex,hyper]{apacite} +\usepackage[tocindex]{apacite} +%\usepackage{apacite} + +%%% More compatibility tests with other packages. +%\usepackage{backref}% the order of backref vs. apacite seems irrelevant +%\usepackage[dvips,pagebackref]{hyperref} % 1991a does not work here + +%%% Explicitly check loading of backref. This information +%%% is used at the end of the document to change a few settings in order +%%% to prevent some errors. This explicit check is more convenient than +%%% simply defining the corresponding \if..., because the \usepackage's +%%% above can now be commented or uncommented without having to worry +%%% about these side-effects. +\makeatletter +\newif\ifbackrefloaded +\AtBeginDocument{% + \@ifpackageloaded{backref}{\backrefloadedtrue}{\backrefloadedfalse}% +} +\makeatother + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%% DOCUMENT-SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR WIDER USE. +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Corporate author +\newcommand{\bibcorporate}[1]{#1} + +% Echo argument literally. Can be used to define a certain author type +% (``Producer'') in a place where \BibTeX{} expects a first name. +% Using this command between a pair of braces makes sure that the text +% is not abbreviated into an initial. +\newcommand{\bibliteral}[1]{#1} + +% If the argument is a period (`.'), \BibTeX{} puts no period after it. +\newcommand{\bibnodot}[1]{} + +% For ``On cdtitle [CD]'' etc., to be used instead of ``In''. +\newcommand{\BOn}{On} + +% Reverse order. Can be used for various reasons. +\newcommand{\SwapArgs}[2]{#2#1} + +% The following macro is esp. useful if the year field must be different +% in text and in reference list. E.g., if 1992/1993 in text and 1992 +% in reference list. Then year can be defined as \bibreftext{1992}{1992/1993}. +% The definition below displays only the second argument (``text''). +% Just before the reference list, this can then be changed to +% display only the first argument (``ref''). +\newcommand{\bibreftext}[2]{#2} + +% The same command, but now intended for Dutch-style ``von'' parts. +\newcommand{\Dutchvon}[2]{#2} + +% The following macro changes the definitions of the macros \BED and \BEDS +% to the argument and then immediately changes the definitions back to their +% old definitions. So it makes a one-time change. Can be used to use +% ``Producer'' instead of ``Ed.'' etc. +\newcommand{\bibeditortype}[1]{\relax}% +\def\renewbibeditortype{% + \def\oldBED{}% + \def\oldBEDS{}% + \def\bibeditortype##1{% + \global\let\oldBED\BED + \global\let\oldBEDS\BEDS + \global\def\BED{##1\global\let\BED\oldBED \global\let\BEDS\oldBEDS}% + \global\def\BEDS{##1\global\let\BED\oldBED \global\let\BEDS\oldBEDS}% + }% +} + +% The following macro changes the definition of the macro \BIn to the +% argument and then immediately changes the definition back to the old +% definition. So it makes a one-time change. Can be used to use ``On'' +% instead of ``In'' for a CD-track. +\newcommand{\bibInstring}[1]{% + \global\let\oldBIn\BIn + \global\def\BIn{#1\global\let\BIn\oldBIn}% +} + +% The \bibskipbracenodot macro suppresses the period after a following closing +% brace. It does not work entirely well at the moment. In particular, it +% works differently in an \AX macro in text and an \AX macro in the +% reference list. This has something to do with robust vs. fragile macros +% and/or expansion of the macro. I have experimented a lot with many +% variations, but don't seem to get it right. I don't understand these +% issues well yet. +\makeatletter +\def\swallownext#1{\relax} +\def\swallowdot{% + \@ifnextchar.% + {\swallownext}% + {\relax}% +} + +% When the above does not work, \bibskipbracenodot should reduce to nothing. +% This is the current definition. Just before the bibliography, it is +% redefined. +\def\bibskipbracenodot{\noexpand\bibskipbracenodot} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%% CITATIONS TO THE BIBLE +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% The APA manual gives some rules how the Bible and other classic +% works should be cited. These rules are not implemented in standard +% apacite, so I provide a workaround here. + +%%% To define which Bible version you used. +\def\bibleversion#1{\gdef\@bibleversion{#1}} +\def\@bibleversion{Revised Standard Version} + +\def\bibleciteA#1{% + % If this is the first citation, add bible version. + {\@ifundefined{flag@bible}% + {\fullbibleciteA{#1}}% + {\shortbibleciteA{#1}}% + }% +} + +\def\fullbibleciteA#1{% + % Insert relevant chapter and verse. + {#1}% + { \BBOP\@bibleversion\BBCP}% + % Flag that bible has been cited. + {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% +} + +\def\shortbibleciteA#1{% + % Insert relevant chapter and verse. + {#1}% + % Flag that bible has been cited (is this appropriate?). + {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% +} + +\def\biblecite#1{% + % If this is the first citation, add bible version. + {\@ifundefined{flag@bible}% + {\fullbiblecite{#1}}% + {\shortbiblecite{#1}}% + }% +} + +\def\fullbiblecite#1{% + % Open parenthesis. + {\BBOP}% + % Insert relevant chapter and verse. + {#1}% + % Add bible version. + {\BBAY{} \@bibleversion}% + % Close parenthesis. + {\BBCP}% + % Flag that bible has been cited. + {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% +} + +\def\shortbiblecite#1{% + % Open parenthesis. + {\BBOP}% + % Insert relevant chapter and verse. + {#1}% + % Close parenthesis. + {\BBCP}% + % Flag that bible has been cited (is this appropriate?). + {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% +} + +\def\bibleciteNP#1{% + % If this is the first citation, add bible version. + {\@ifundefined{flag@bible}% + {\fullbibleciteNP{#1}}% + {\shortbibleciteNP{#1}}% + }% +} + +\def\fullbibleciteNP#1{% + % Insert relevant chapter and verse. + {#1}% + % Add bible version. + {\BBAY{} \@bibleversion}% + % Flag that bible has been cited. + {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% +} + +\def\shortbibleciteNP#1{% + % Insert relevant chapter and verse. + {#1}% + % Flag that bible has been cited (is this appropriate?). + {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% +} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%% COMMANDS TO CITE SONGS. +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% The APA manual gives some rules how songs should be cited. These +% rules require some tweaking of standard apacite. This is done here. + +\newcommand{\bibsong}[4]{} + +\newcommand{\citeAsong}[1]{% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% + \APACciteatitle{##3} {\BBOP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% + }% + \citeauthor{#1}% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% +} + +\newcommand{\fullciteAsong}[1]{% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% + \APACciteatitle{##3} {\BBOP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% + }% + \fullciteauthor{#1}% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% +} + +\newcommand{\shortciteAsong}[1]{% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% + \APACciteatitle{##3} {\BBOP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% + }% + \shortciteauthor{#1}% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% +} + +\newcommand{\citesong}[1]{% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% + {\BBOP}\APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% + }% + \citeauthor{#1}% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% +} + +\newcommand{\fullcitesong}[1]{% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% + {\BBOP}\APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% + }% + \fullciteauthor{#1}% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% +} + +\newcommand{\shortcitesong}[1]{% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% + {\BBOP}\APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% + }% + \shortciteauthor{#1}% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% +} + +\newcommand{\citesongNP}[1]{% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% + \APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}% + }% + \citeauthor{#1}% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% +} + +\newcommand{\fullcitesongNP}[1]{% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% + \APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}% + }% + \fullciteauthor{#1}% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% +} + +\newcommand{\shortcitesongNP}[1]{% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% + \APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}% + }% + \shortciteauthor{#1}% + \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% +} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%% COMMANDS TO CITE DSM. +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% The APA manual gives some rules how the DSM should be cited, which +% is a bit different from ordinary citations. These rules are not +% implemented in standard apacite, so I provide a workaround here. + +\newcommand{\DSMciteA}[1]{% + \@for\@citec:=#1\do{% + % Check whether citation is defined. + \@ifundefined{flag@\@citec\@extra@b@citeb}% + {\citeA{\@citec}}% + {\citeauthor{\@citec}}% + }% +} + +\newcommand{\DSMfullciteA}[1]{% + \fullciteA{#1}% +} + +\newcommand{\DSMshortciteA}[1]{% + \shortciteauthor{#1}% +} + +\newcommand{\DSMcite}[1]{% + {\BBOP}% + \@for\@citec:=#1\do{% + % Check whether citation is defined. + \@ifundefined{flag@\@citec\@extra@b@citeb}% + {\citeNP{\@citec}}% + {\citeauthor{\@citec}}% + }% + {\BBCP}% +} + +\newcommand{\DSMfullcite}[1]{% + \fullcite{#1}% +} + +\newcommand{\DSMshortcite}[1]{% + {\BBOP}\shortciteauthor{#1}{\BBCP}% +} + +\newcommand{\DSMciteNP}[1]{% + \@for\@citec:=#1\do{% + % Check whether citation is defined. + \@ifundefined{flag@\@citec\@extra@b@citeb}% + {\citeNP{\@citec}}% + {\citeauthor{\@citec}}% + } +} + +\newcommand{\DSMfullciteNP}[1]{% + \fullciteNP{#1}% +} + +\newcommand{\DSMshortciteNP}[1]{% + \shortciteauthor{#1}% +} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%% DOCUMENT-SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% These are some commands that are used in this document, but are +% presumably not especially relevant for users. + +\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em + T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}% copied from bibtex.web +\newcommand{\MakeIndex}{\textit{MakeIndex}} +\newcommand{\latextohtml}{\textup{\LaTeX2\texttt{HTML}}}% from html.sty +\newcommand{\LaTeXrtf}{\textup{\LaTeX2RTF}}% +\newcommand{\TeXht}{\textup{\TeX4ht}}% +\newcommand{\Perl}{\textsl{Perl}}% + +% My comments accompanying the examples. +\newcommand{\EM}{\ensuremath{\triangleright\quad}} + +% The date of a version of apacite. Makes it easy to search the document +% for these dates. The \relax is a safety measure (probably not needed), +% which ensures that the square brackets are never interpreted as an +% optional argument. +\newcommand{\APACversiondate}[1]{\relax [#1]} + +\newcommand{\LC}{\mbox{${}^{\dag}$}}% \LaTeX{} Companion +\newcommand{\X}{\ensuremath{\times}}% for one table +\newcommand{\Y}{\ensuremath{c}}% for one table + +\newcommand{\pkg}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name +\newcommand{\fname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% file name +\newcommand{\fieldname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% field name +\newcommand{\entryname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% entry type name +\newcommand{\pkgoption}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% package option +\newcommand{\cmd}[1]{\texttt{\string#1}}% command, incl. `\' + +% Some trickery with backslashes and @ signs. +\newcommand{\bs}{{\ttfamily \@backslashchar}}% backslash +\newcommand{\opt}[1]{$\langle${\itshape #1}$\rangle$}% generic text + +% For \nocite{keys}: +\newcommand{\cmdtwo}[2]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1\{}\opt{#2}% + \texttt{\}}}}% +% For \cite[post]{keys}: +\newcommand{\cmdthree}[3]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1[}\opt{#2}% + \texttt{]\{}\opt{#3}% + \texttt{\}}}}% +% For \cite<pre>{keys}: +\newcommand{\cmdthreepre}[3]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1<}\opt{#2}% + \texttt{>\{}\opt{#3}% + \texttt{\}}}}% +% For \usepackage[options]{apacite}: +\newcommand{\cmdthreealt}[3]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1[}\opt{#2}% + \texttt{]\{#3\}}}}% +% For all \cite<pre>[post]{keys} variants: +\newcommand{\cmdfour}[4]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1<}\opt{#2}% + \texttt{>[}\opt{#3}% + \texttt{]\{}\opt{#4}% + \texttt{\}}}}% + +% It is not clear where and how the \flqq command is defined, so provide +% an escape if it is not available. +\AtBeginDocument{% + \@ifundefined{flqq}{% + \newcommand{\flqq}{\raisebox{2pt}{\ensuremath{{\scriptscriptstyle\ll}}}}% + \newcommand{\frqq}{\raisebox{2pt}{\ensuremath{{\scriptscriptstyle\gg}}}}% + }{}}% + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\makeatother +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%%% START OF ``NORMAL'' PART OF DOCUMENT +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\title{The \pkg{apacite} package\vspace{0.3\baselineskip}\\ + \large Citation and reference list with \LaTeX{} and \BibTeX{} + according to the rules of the American Psychological Association} +\author{Erik Meijer\\ + \normalsize\itshape + Department of Econometrics, + University of Groningen\\ + \normalsize\itshape + PO Box 800, + 9700 AV Groningen, + The Netherlands\\ + \normalsize + E-Mail: \textsf{e.meijer@eco.rug.nl} +} +\date{June 8, 2005} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{document} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\maketitle +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{abstract} + \noindent + This document describes and tests the \pkg{apacite} package + \APACversiondate{2005/06/08}. This is a package that can be used with + \LaTeX{} and \BibTeX{} to generate citations and a reference list, + formatted according to the rules of the American Psychological Association. + Furthermore, \pkg{apacite} contains an option to (almost) automatically + generate an author index as well. The package can be customized in many + ways. +\end{abstract} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\tableofcontents +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Introduction} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The American Psychological Association (APA) is very strict about the style in +which manuscripts submitted to its journals are written and formatted. The +requirements of the APA are described in the \emph{Publication Manual of the +American Psychological Association}, the latest version of which is the 5th +edition \cite{APAManual}. In the sequel, this is simply called the \emph{APA +manual}. + +The APA manual discusses how candidate authors should write their manuscripts: +writing style, parts of a manuscript and their order, presentation of the +results in the form of tables and figures, and so forth. Candidate authors +should study this and adhere to this. + +The APA manual also gives specific rules about the formatting of a manuscript. +This includes double spacing, a running head, the typographic style of section +headings, the placement of tables and figures on separate pages at the end of +the document, and so forth. \LaTeX{} users will recognize these as ``style'' +elements that should be defined in a package (\fname{.sty} file) or class +(\fname{.cls} file). Their specific documents (\fname{.tex} file) should be +largely style-independent. This idea of separating content and logical +structure from specific formatting is one of the basic elements of \LaTeX{} +\cite[p.~7]{LaTeXbook}. + +An implementation of the formatting rules of the APA manual for use with +\LaTeX{} is the \pkg{apa} class of Athanassios Protopapas. This handles all +kinds of issues about general document formatting, title page, section +headings, figures and tables, and so forth. Therefore, if you intend to submit +a manuscript to an APA journal, I strongly recommend using the \pkg{apa} +class. + +An important part of the APA style is the way citations and the reference list +should be formatted. This takes 75 pages in the APA manual (pp.~207--281, +excluding the references to legal materials). This part is not handled by the +\pkg{apa} class, but by the \pkg{apacite} package. The \pkg{apa} class +requires the \pkg{apacite} package, but \pkg{apacite} can be used without +\pkg{apa}. The current document, for example, does not use the \pkg{apa} +class, because I find it desirable that possible users can study the +\pkg{apacite} package and its documentation without having to install several +other classes and packages first. Therefore, the current document uses +standard \LaTeX{} as much as possible. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection*{Some history} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +Before the advent of the first version of \pkg{apacite} in 1994, several +authors have written \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} packages (\fname{.sty}) and \BibTeX{} +style files (\fname{.bst}) with suggestive names as \pkg{apalike}, +\pkg{newapa}, and \pkg{theapa} to try to capture some of the requirements of +the APA manual. A severe problem with the APA citations is that, if the number +of authors is between three and five, inclusive, the first citation must +include all authors, whereas subsequent citations should refer to the first +author ``et al.''. This problem had been solved by the \pkg{newapa} and +\pkg{theapa} packages. + +A lot of APA peculiarities, however, were not covered by these citation +styles. Examples are: +\begin{itemize} + \item In the reference list, authors should be formatted with + their initials after their surnames. Editors, however, + should be formatted with their initials \emph{before} their + surnames if they are not in the author position. + \item If the work referred to is a non-English-language source, + the English translation of the title should be given in + brackets after the title. + \item Edition and volume of a book and the pages of an article + in that book should be gathered between a single pair + of parentheses. + \item The publisher of a book and its address should be given as + ``address: publisher'', and not as ``publisher, address''. + \item When the work used is a reprint or translation of an + earlier work, this should be mentioned in the reference + list. In text, the year must be given in the form + ``1923/1961''. + \item There are several ``tricky'' things with brackets and + parentheses, for example, with the type of an article + (e.g., ``Letter to the editor'', + ``Review of the book \emph{The social life of information}'', + ``Abstract'', ``Special issue''). Furthermore, magazine and + newspaper articles are treated differently than journal + articles; papers presented at meetings must be treated + differently; translators of articles and books and chairs + of symposia must be introduced; an article can have editors + instead of authors (e.g., with a special issue); a PhD thesis + can be abstracted in \emph{Dissertation Abstracts International}; + a (technical) report of some institution can be an (edited) + collection of articles. +\end{itemize} +The \pkg{apacite} package is devised to get (much) closer to the APA rules +than the abovementioned other packages and styles. + +The original version of the \fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package consisted for +a large part of the citation part of \fname{theapa.sty}. The current version, +however, has been changed and extended in many ways and can therefore not be +considered a straightforward adaptation of \fname{theapa.sty} anymore, +although it provides largely the same commands, such as \cmd{\citeA}, and +peculiarities in the command definitions, such as the use of \verb+<...>+ for +a prefix note and \verb+[...]+ for a postfix note. + +Although the \fname{apacite.bst} \BibTeX{} style started out as a slightly +adapted version of \fname{theapa.bst}, the number of changes became so large +and things became so unmanageable that I decided to write a completely new +bibstyle, although using some small parts of the original. The +\fname{apacite.bst} file can therefore not anymore be seen as an adaptation of +\fname{theapa.bst}. Due to the complex rules of the APA manual, it has become +a large file. In the original process of writing (back in 1994), the error +\begin{verbatim} +You've exceeded BibTeX's wizard-defined function space +\end{verbatim} +was very hard to overcome. It appears that later versions of \BibTeX{} allowed +much more space, because I have not received this message anymore in recent +years, although the bibstyle has been expanded considerably. However, if you +run an old \BibTeX{}, you may encounter this (and similar) error messages. + +In the ``dark years'' between 1994 and 2003, in which there was no official +new version of \pkg{apacite}, I have been fixing small bugs, discovered either +by me or by users who sent in their bug reports, and adding some small options +that were easy to incorporate and that I found useful or that were requested +by a user. Furthermore, in 1998, I spent considerable effort in adding an +(almost) automatic author indexing option, first used for my PhD thesis +\cite{meijer1998}. + +In the first few months of 2003, I fixed a number of problems with the +compatibility between \pkg{apacite} and some other important packages. +Although I had been planning (or wishing, rather) to release a proper official +update of \pkg{apacite} for some time, I had not done so, mainly because I had +not yet taken the time to update the documentation. The compatibility issues +were so severe, however, that I decided in March 2003 to release an +intermediate update, which thus became the first official release since the +original version. This version contained a lot of files with compatibility +patches and tests. The main shortcomings of that version were the lack of +up-to-date documentation and the lack of agreement with the latest version of +the APA manual (5th ed., 2001). + +In September 2003, I finally released a complete, fully updated and +significantly extended version of \pkg{apacite}, including extensive +documentation. However, that version still was not able to format some +citations correctly. The \APACversiondate{2004/07/01} version was a small +improvement of the \APACversiondate{2003/09/05} version, but fixed the +important inadequacies of previous versions. + +The current version is also a relatively minor update, but it may be important +for some users. The main difference with previous versions is that it offers +support of non-English languages, although this is still limited. Moreover, +this is clearly a non-APA direction, because all APA publications are in +English. However, many journals, universities, etc.\ in non-English speaking +countries base their rules on the APA rules, and thus it may be useful to have +the possibility to use \pkg{apacite} in combination with documents in +non-English languages as well. See section~\ref{sec:compat-babel} for a +description of the implementation of this feature. + +Apart from this language support and the facilities for customization, the +current version of \pkg{apacite} is aimed at conforming with the 5th edition +of the APA manual. It remains, however, imperfect, although the instances of +wrongly formatted cases will be rare. Many problems can be solved by +``tricking'' the style (e.g., by defining the \fieldname{number} field as +``\verb+2, Serial No. 186+'' if the issue number and serial number of a +journal are both important), but this makes the \fname{.bib} file less +compatible with other styles. In the test examples in section~\ref{sec:xmpl} +below, many tricks are used and discussed. Remaining problems, omissions, and +things-to-be-done can be found in section~\ref{sec:todo}. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection*{Philosophy of \pkg{apacite}} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +As can be deduced from the discussion thus far, the first priority of +\pkg{apacite} is to implement the rules of the APA manual with regard to +citation and reference list as closely as possible. However, just like its +predecessors, \pkg{apacite} offers some possibilities for customization as +well. Many details of \pkg{apacite}, particularly punctuation and some fixed +texts (e.g., ``Tech.\ Rep.'') can be changed easily by the user by redefining +some commands in \LaTeX{}. Furthermore, \pkg{apacite} also offers several +proper options to change some of its settings. + +Whether certain options or customizable aspects are implemented depends on two +criteria: (1) Is it possible, easy (enough), and convenient to implement them +without compromising the ability to adhere to the APA rules, and (2) Do I (EM) +consider them important or useful enough to spend time to implement them. +Actually, the decision process is the reverse of this: First, I decide whether +I find it a relevant or useful option. If not, I will not implement it. If so, +I will think about if and how I can implement it. If I have an idea for a +solution that is practically feasible, I will pursue it. If I don't see a +solution, if I think it will take me too much time, or if I think a solution +will be inconvenient to other users, then I will not pursue it. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection*{Changes since the \APACversiondate{2004/07/01} version} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The changes since the \APACversiondate{2004/07/01} version are: +\begin{itemize} +\item Addition of the \cmd{\BBYY} command (see page~\pageref{cmd:BBYY}). +\item Limited language support (see section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}). +\item Resolved some compatibility problems between \pkg{apacite} and + \pkg{natbib} (see section~\ref{sec:compat-natbib}). +\item Fixed a bug that caused a compatibility problem when \pkg{apacite} + was used without one of the author indexing options, but other + indexes were requested in the document. +\item Updated the manual (the current document); rewrote some sections. +\item Improved some of the ``dirty tricks'' in \fname{apacite.tex} + (see section~\ref{sec:xmpl}). +\item Some minor changes that most users will not notice. +\end{itemize} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Basic usage and options} +\label{sec:usage} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The current \pkg{apacite} distribution consists of the following files: +\begin{description} +\item[\fname{apacite.sty}] The \LaTeX{} citation package. This must + be placed in a directory where \TeX{} can find it; +\item[\fname{apacite.bst}] The \BibTeX{} reference list style. This + must be placed in a directory where \BibTeX{} can find it; +\item[\fname{apacitex.bst}] The \BibTeX{} reference list style with + added author index support. This must also be placed in a directory + where \BibTeX{} can find it; +\item[\fname{apacite.tex}] Extensive user's manual and test of the + \pkg{apacite} package; +\item[\fname{apacite.pdf}] The processed version of \fname{apacite.tex} + so you can read the manual without having to install the package first; +\item[\fname{apa5ex.bib}] The file with bibliographic information + about the references in \fname{apacite.tex}; +\item[\fname{manifest.txt}] The list of files belonging to the \pkg{apacite} + package, with a short description; +\item[\fname{README}] A brief description of the package; +\item[\fname{lang/}] A directory containing language-specific files + (see section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}). +\end{description} +The \fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package is loaded by putting +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +\cmdthreealt{usepackage}{options}{apacite} +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +somewhere in your document between \verb+\documentclass+ and +\verb+\begin{document}+, or putting +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +\cmdthreealt{RequirePackage}{options}{apacite} +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +in your own personal \LaTeX{} package (say, \fname{mysettings.sty}) +that is loaded by your document. + +The following options are recognized by \pkg{apacite}: +\begin{description} +\item[\pkgoption{BCAY}] \mbox{}\\ + This is a technical option for backwards compatibility with old versions + (pre-\APACversiondate{2003/09/05}) of \pkg{apacite}. In those versions of + \pkg{apacite}, the \cmd{\BCAY} construction was used to pass relevant + citation information from the \fname{.bbl} file (\BibTeX{}'s output) to + \LaTeX{}. This was taken over from its immediate predecessor, Young U. Ryu's + \pkg{theapa}. However, \pkg{natbib} does not recognize the \cmd{\BCAY} + construction, but it does recognize the analogous \cmd{\citeauthoryear} + construction, which was also used by an earlier predecessor of + \pkg{apacite}, \pkg{newapa}. Therefore, \pkg{apacite} has reverted to + \cmd{\citeauthoryear} as well. This makes different versions of + \pkg{apacite} incompatible with each other, because it is not possible to + support both constructions at the same time. This option is used to fix + that: In the (unlikely) event that you \emph{must} use a \fname{.bbl} file + that is generated by an old version of \pkg{apacite}, you can turn this + option on. + +\item[\pkgoption{accentfix}] \mbox{}\\ + A cedilla accent (`\c{c}': \verb+\c{c}+) in an author name used to lead to + errors, only due to the check whether subsequent authors in the same + citation are equivalent. The same problem is anticipated with the + \verb+\b{...}+ (`\b{o}') accent, the \verb+\d{...}+ (`\d{o}') accent, and + the \verb+\copyright+ (\copyright) symbol (Will the latter ever turn up in + an author name?), due to the same use of \cmd{\crcr}, cf.\ + \citeA[p.~356]{TeXbook}. + + This fix therefore redefines these to sensible alternatives, only for + comparison of authors, not for any real formatting. Therefore, the user + should not notice this, apart from the lack of error messages, of course. + Therefore, it is also a default option. However, because I am not entirely + sure that there are no possible adverse effects, I give the user the option + to turn it off (\pkgoption{noaccentfix}). The user is then responsible for + fixing any error messages generated by such characters. + +\item[\pkgoption{noaccentfix}] \mbox{}\\ + Turns \pkgoption{accentfix} off. + +\item[\pkgoption{index}] +\item[\pkgoption{stdindex}] +\item[\pkgoption{tocindex}] +\item[\pkgoption{emindex}] \mbox{}\\ + These four options turn author indexing on, but differ in the way the index + is formatted. See section~\ref{sec:autindex} for a discussion of the author + indexing facility. These should be used with the \fname{apacitex.bst} + \BibTeX{} style, see below, although they also work with + \fname{apacite.bst}, but that does not give author index entries, so these + options then typically do not have any effect (and an undesirable effect if + they do). + +\item[\pkgoption{noindex}] \mbox{}\\ + Turns author indexing off (the default). Typically used with + \fname{apacite.bst}, but can also be used with \fname{apacitex.bst}. In the + latter case, the author indexing commands are simply ignored. Therefore, + \fname{apacite.bst} is actually superfluous, but because author indexing + will be used rarely and it is more likely to lead to errors or + incompatibilities, a ``clean'' (no author indexing) version, + \fname{apacite.bst}, is provided as well. + +\item[\pkgoption{numberedbib}] \mbox{}\\ + This option implies that the bibliography (reference list) is a numbered + section or chapter, e.g., ``6.~References'', instead of just ``References''. + +\item[\pkgoption{unnumberedbib}] \mbox{}\\ + The reverse of \pkgoption{numberedbib}: The bibliography is an unnumbered + section or chapter. This is the default. However, it is possible that when + using the \pkg{apa} document class, then \pkgoption{numberedbib} works + better, because that class turns section numbering off anyway and it may be + that \pkg{apa}'s page headings work well if the reference list is a + \cmd{\section} and not if it is a \cmd{\section*}. I have not experimented + with this (yet), however. + +\item[\pkgoption{sectionbib}] \mbox{}\\ + With this option, the bibliography is a section and not a chapter. Mainly + useful in combination with the \pkg{chapterbib} package. Therefore, it will + be discussed in more detail in section~\ref{sec:compat-chapterbib}. + +\item[\pkgoption{nosectionbib}] \mbox{}\\ + With this option, the bibliography is a chapter, if the \cmd{\chapter} + command is defined. Otherwise, it is always a section. Again, see + section~\ref{sec:compat-chapterbib}. + +\item[\pkgoption{tocbib}] \mbox{}\\ + This puts the bibliography in the table of contents, even if it is + unnumbered, provided of course that a table of contents is requested in the + document (by \cmd{\tableofcontents}). This is the default. + +\item[\pkgoption{notocbib}] \mbox{}\\ + This does not put the bibliography in the table of contents if it is an + unnumbered section or chapter. If it's numbered, it is always in the table + of contents. + +\item[\pkgoption{bibnewpage}] \mbox{}\\ + The bibliography is started on a new page. This is required by some journal + styles, including the APA manual. The \pkg{apa} class already contained this + in its \pkgoption{man} option, but now it has been made available directly + in \pkg{apacite}. + +\item[\pkgoption{nobibnewpage}] \mbox{}\\ + The bibliography is not explicitly started on a new page, although if the + bibliography is a chapter, it will be started on a new page anyway, because + chapters are started on a new page. This is the default in \pkg{apacite} and + thus is the only time a non-APA setting is used as default instead of an + available APA setting. Therefore, to satisfy the APA rules, you have to + request the \pkgoption{bibnewpage} option explicitly. + +\item[\pkgoption{hyper}] \mbox{}\\ + This switches on some code provided by Ross Moore that makes \pkg{apacite} + and \pkg{hyperref} compatible to some extent. However, this also violates + the APA manual rules somewhat, so it is not a default option. See + section~\ref{sec:compat-hyper} for a more detailed description. + +\item[\pkgoption{nohyper}] \mbox{}\\ + This switches off the code of the \pkgoption{hyper} option mentioned above. + This is the default. +\end{description} +% +To load the \fname{apacite.bst} or \fname{apacitex.bst} bibliography style in +\BibTeX{}, put +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +\verb+\bibliographystyle{apacite}+ +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +or +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +\verb+\bibliographystyle{apacitex}+ +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +respectively, in your document before the \cmd{\bibliography} command. The +position of the bibliography (reference list) is determined by the line +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +\cmdtwo{bibliography}{bibfiles} +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +where \opt{bibfiles} is a list of filenames with \fname{.bib} extension, which +contain the bibliographic information that is used by \BibTeX{} to construct +the reference list. Usually, the \cmd{\bibliographystyle} and +\cmd{\bibliography} are kept together (immediately follow each other) in the +document, although when you are using the \pkg{apa} document class, +\pkg{apacite} is used by definition and you are not supposed to use the +\cmd{\bibliographystyle} command yourself. See the documentation of the +\pkg{apa} documentclass for details about this. + +If you use one of the author indexing options, the author index is put in +the \LaTeX{} output by the line +\begin{verbatim} +\printindex[autx] +\end{verbatim} +If you put this line in your document, but use the \pkgoption{noindex} option +(either explicitly or implicitly by requesting no other index option), it will +be ignored. For more on author indexing, see section~\ref{sec:autindex}. + +To get all parts in the final output, the following sequence of runs should +typically be taken (when starting from scratch): (1) \LaTeX{}, (2) \BibTeX{}, +(3) \LaTeX{}, (4) \LaTeX{}, and, when author indexing is on, (5) \MakeIndex{}, +(6) \LaTeX{}, and (7) \LaTeX{}. The last one is to get the index in the table +of contents. If the table of contents is on a regular page, i.e., an +arabic-numbered page instead of a roman-numbered page in the front matter, it +may even be necessary to run \MakeIndex{} another time, followed by \LaTeX{} +once or twice. Occasionally, somewhere in the process, \LaTeX{} may complain +about labels that may have changed, which requires even more additional +\LaTeX{} runs at that stage. So the number of runs that are necessary to get +everything right may become large. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{The citation commands} +\label{sec:cite} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +In this section, the commands are described that can be used to cite a work. +Their default behavior will be explained. In section~\ref{sec:custom}, +customization of this behavior will be discussed. Extensive examples are given +in section~\ref{sec:xmpl}. + +If the \pkg{apacite} package is loaded, the following citation commands can be +used. +\begin{description} + \item[\cmdfour{cite}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] + \item[\cmdfour{fullcite}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] + \item[\cmdfour{shortcite}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ + These three commands produce parenthetical citations of the + following form: + ``(\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1}, \opt{Year1}; + \opt{Authors2}, \opt{Year2}; \ldots; \opt{AuthorsN}, \opt{YearN}, + \opt{postfix})''. + The command \cmd{\fullcite} uses the ``full'' author list, and + the \cmd{\shortcite} command uses the abbreviated author list. + The \cmd{\cite} command uses the ``full'' list the first time + a work is referenced and the ``short'' list the second and + subsequent times. In accordance with the APA manual, the + ``full'' list consists of all authors if their number is five + or less, and the first author suffixed with ``et al.{}'' + if their number is six or more. Similarly, the ``short'' list + consists of all authors if their number is two or less and the + first author with ``et al.{}'' if their number is three or more. + There are some nuances for complicated situations. These will + be discussed in section~\ref{sec:xmpl}. + + If the (full) author lists of subsequent citations within the + same citation command are the same, they are not repeated; only + the years of the later citations are given. + This holds for all analogous cases as well. + + The prefix and postfix are optional. Thus, e.g., + \cmdtwo{cite}{keys}, \cmdthree{cite}{postfix}{keys}, + and \cmdthreepre{cite}{prefix}{keys} are also allowed. + This holds for all analogous cases as well. + + \item[\cmdfour{citeA}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] + \item[\cmdfour{fullciteA}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] + \item[\cmdfour{shortciteA}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ + These commands are similar to the commands without the + ``\verb+A+'' suffix. They produce in-text citations of the form + ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1} (\opt{Year1}), + \opt{Authors2} (\opt{Year2}), \ldots, + \opt{AuthorsN} (\opt{YearN}, \opt{postfix})''. + Typically, the \opt{prefix} will be empty, because it is + part of the main text, and there typically will only be + one citation in \opt{keys} (unless the authors of + multiple citations are the same), because the authors' + names are also part of the main text. But it was easy + to provide the additional options, and this enhances + the similarity with the other citation commands, which + I found desirable. + + \item[\cmdfour{citeauthor}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] + \item[\cmdfour{fullciteauthor}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] + \item[\cmdfour{shortciteauthor}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ + These commands are similar to their \cmd{\cite}-type + counterparts, except that they produce citations of the form + ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1}, \opt{Authors2}, \ldots, + \opt{AuthorsN}, \opt{postfix}'' + (the years and parentheses are left out). + This is typically used in a paragraph when a proper + citation (incl.\ year) to the same work has already been + given in the paragraph.% + \footnote{Note that a paragraph is not + a section. Nor does it need to be declared as a + \cmd{\paragraph}. A reminder for Dutch readers: + ``section'' = ``paragraaf'' and ``paragraph'' = ``alinea''.} + In such a case, according to the APA manual, the year must not be + repeated for repeated references to the same work in the same + paragraph. + + A second important application of these commands is + when some complex citations must be constructed, like + ``\citeauthor{4.05-1}'s \citeyear{4.05-1} theory'', + which makes combined use of \cmd{\citeauthor} and + \cmd{\citeyear}, see below. + + Normally, I would expect only one citation per + \cmd{\citeauthor}-type command, and no \opt{prefix} + or \opt{postfix}. + + \item[\cmdfour{citeyear}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ + Produces citations of the form + ``(\opt{prefix} \opt{Year1}, \opt{Year2}, \ldots, \opt{YearN}, + \opt{postfix})''. + See the discussion of \cmd{\citeauthor} above. Typically, + the \opt{prefix} would be empty and multiple citations + would only be used if they have the same authors. + + \item[\cmdfour{citeyearNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ + A ``no parentheses'' version of \cmd{\citeyear}. + Produces citations of the form + ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Year1}, \opt{Year2}, \ldots, \opt{YearN}, + \opt{postfix}''. Can be used for complex citations within + parenthetical material, like + ``the work of \citeauthor{3.99-15} (\citeyearNP{3.99-15}; + but see also \citeNP{3.99-16,3.99-17})'', + which also uses the \cmd{\citeNP} command, see below. + + \item[\cmdfour{citeNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] + \item[\cmdfour{fullciteNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] + \item[\cmdfour{shortciteNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ + ``No parentheses'' versions of \cmd{\cite}, \cmd{\fullcite}, + and \cmd{\shortcite}. They produce citations of the form + ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1}, \opt{Year1}; + \opt{Authors2}, \opt{Year2}; \ldots; \opt{AuthorsN}, \opt{YearN}, + \opt{postfix}''. Can be used for complex citations within + parenthetical material, see the discussion of + \cmd{\citeyearNP} above. + + \item[\cmdtwo{nocite}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ + The entries are included in the bibliography without + being cited in text. This is standard \LaTeX. + Note that the APA manual normally does not allow this. + The only exception concerns works that are studied in a + meta-analysis, but for these the \cmd{\nocitemeta} + command should be used. + + \item[\cmdtwo{nocitemeta}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ + This is similar to \cmd{\nocite}. It is used to get the + list of works included in a meta-analysis in the + bibliography. This command has the additional effect that + the corresponding items in the bibliography are preceded + by an asterisk ($\star$) and a remark explaining this + is inserted just before the bibliography, as required + by the APA manual. +\end{description} +In order to format the examples from the APA manual correctly in +section~\ref{sec:xmpl}, I have also defined the following additional citation +commands: \cmd{\DSMcite}, \cmd{\biblecite}, and \cmd{\citesong}, and obvious +variations with \verb+full+, \verb+short+, \verb+A+, and \verb+NP+. However, I +have decided not to include these in \fname{apacite.sty}. The most important +reason for this is that I find it unattractive to introduce different types of +citation commands for different types of citations. This also makes it more +difficult to use the same document with another citation package. I hope to be +able to provide, in a future version of \pkg{apacite}, more elegant solutions +to the problems for which these commands were defined. + +Nevertheless, I used these commands for the examples in section~\ref{sec:xmpl} +and therefore included their definitions at the top of the file +\fname{apacite.tex}. Thus, if you want to use them, you can copy their +definitions to the top of your own document or personal style file (say, +\fname{mysettings.sty}, do not change \fname{apacite.sty}), you can study +their behavior, and perhaps improve them. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Contents of the \fname{.bib} file} +\label{sec:bib} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The information that is used by \LaTeX/\BibTeX{} to generate +the citations and reference list must be stored by the user in one +or more files with the \fname{.bib} extension. +A detailed overview of the contents of the \fname{.bib} file is +given in \citeA[section~13.5]{LaTeXcomp}. Roughly speaking, the +\fname{.bib} file consists of a collection of \emph{entries} +of the form +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +\verb+@+\opt{entryname}\verb+{+\opt{contents}\verb+}+ +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +Most entries describe a work that may be referenced, e.g., a book +or article. There are, however, two exceptions: a \entryname{preamble} +entry (with \opt{entryname} = \verb+preamble+) and a \entryname{string} +entry (with \opt{entryname} = \verb+string+). There is typically +at most one \entryname{preamble} entry. Its \opt{contents} consist of a +string---according to \BibTeX, i.e., between double quotes (\verb+"+) +or an additional pair of braces (\verb+{+ and \verb+}+). This +string, which typically consists of \LaTeX{} commands like +\verb+\newcommand{\SortNoop}[1]{}+, is literally included +in the document before the bibliography. It can therefore be used +to define commands that are used in the (other) entries of the +\fname{.bib} file and that are not standard \LaTeX{}. + +A \entryname{string} entry is similar, but the contents are now not +included in the document. Instead, the string is assigned to a kind of +``variable'', the name of which may contain characters +not usually associated with variable names, like colons and +hyphens, see \citeA[pp.~402--403]{LaTeXcomp}. An example of a +\entryname{string} entry is +\begin{verbatim} +@string{ JPSP = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology} } +\end{verbatim} +Then, if in a later entry, the journal is +\emph{Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, you can format this +as +\begin{verbatim} + journal = JPSP, +\end{verbatim} +instead of the usual +\begin{verbatim} + journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, +\end{verbatim} +This is not only convenient because it saves typing of common +long journal names, but it can also be used to define +style-specific variations. For example, some styles abbreviate +journal names, such as +\emph{J. Pers. Soc. Psych.} instead of +\emph{Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}. +You could then put the definitions of all full journal names +in one \fname{.bib} file (\fname{fulljou.bib}, say) and the definitions +of the abbreviated journal names in another (\fname{abbrjou.bib}, say). +Suppose that the information about the referenced works is stored in a +third file, say, \fname{myrefs.bib}, and that the ``NotAPA'' +style rules, implemented in the \fname{notapa.bst} \BibTeX{} style file, +require the abbreviated journal names. Then you can use +\begin{verbatim} +\bibliographystyle{notapa} +\bibliography{abbrjou,myrefs} +\end{verbatim} +to obtain a reference list complying with the ``NotAPA'' rules. If +you change your mind and decide to switch to using the rules of the +APA manual, you only need to change the two lines above into +\begin{verbatim} +\bibliographystyle{apacite} +\bibliography{fulljou,myrefs} +\end{verbatim} +(and additionally load the \fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package +through \cmd{\usepackage}). + +In the accompanying \fname{.bib} file, I have used the +\entryname{string} entry +to put some comments in the file: +\begin{verbatim} +@string{ comment = { +\end{verbatim} +$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{comment text} +\begin{verbatim} +}} +\end{verbatim} +This is useful because \BibTeX{} does not have a comment character, e.g., the +percent sign does not work. If you put text between entries, this is ignored, +so you may not need a comment character, but I wanted to put my e-mail address +in the comments at the top of the file, and the \verb+@+ sign of an e-mail +address is interpreted as the start of a new entry by \BibTeX{}, unless it is +put into a string. + +The remaining entry types are types that correspond with the +type of a referenced work, e.g., \entryname{book} or +\entryname{article}. These entry types (reference types) are +discussed in section~\ref{subsec:types} below. +Such entries have the following structure: +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +\verb+@+\opt{entryname}\verb+{+\opt{key}\verb+,+\\ +$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{fieldname1}\verb+ = +\opt{value1}\verb+,+\\ +$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{fieldname2}\verb+ = +\opt{value2}\verb+,+\\ +$\mbox{}\qquad\qquad\vdots$\\ +$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{fieldnameN}\verb+ = +\opt{valueN}\\ +\verb+}+ +\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ +where \opt{key} corresponds to the key used in the citation +commands and matches the entry with the citation (and should +therefore be unique). The fieldnames are \verb+author+, \verb+year+, +etc., which are described in section~\ref{subsec:fields} below. +The values are strings, either defined previously by a +\entryname{string} entry or explicitly indicated as such here +by putting the relevant information between double quotes +(\verb+"+) or a pair of braces (\verb+{+ and \verb+}+). + +To be able to obey the rules of the APA manual, \pkg{apacite} +provides several fields and reference types that are not +described in the standard \BibTeX{} documentation +\cite<e.g.,>[chap.~13]{LaTeXcomp}. Furthermore, +the meaning and usage of many fields and reference types that +\emph{are} described there have been altered somewhat. Therefore, +a complete description is given here. +The symbol \LC{} will be used to indicate that the field or +reference type is also described in \citeA[Appendix~B]{LaTeXbook} +or \citeA[chapter~13]{LaTeXcomp}, although, as mentioned above, the +specific meaning of the item may have been changed. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection{Types of references} +\label{subsec:types} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +In this section, the list of reference types that are recognized by +\pkg{apacite} is given. An overview of which fields can be used for which +reference type is given in Table~\ref{tab:fieldref}. If fields are not +relevant, but you use them anyway in your \fname{.bib} file, they are ignored. +The fields and their use are described in more detail in +section~\ref{subsec:fields}, but here some specific issues will already be +mentioned. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{table}[p] +\begin{center} +\caption{List of fields that are used by the various reference types + (blank = not used; \X{} = used; + \Y{} = used, but only for citations).} +\label{tab:fieldref} +\small +\makebox[0pt]{% some manipulation to squeeze the table onto the page +\newlength{\oldtabcolsep} +\setlength{\oldtabcolsep}{\tabcolsep} +\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2pt} +\begin{tabular}{@{}lcccccccccc@{}} +\hline + & \multicolumn{10}{c}{Reference type}\\ + \cline{2-11} +% +% Normally, I would use the sideways environment of the rotating +% package to format this nicely, but I do not want to require +% other packages to format this document, so I choose an uglier +% solution here. +% + & article\\ + & magazine & & & & & + & phdthesis\\ +Field + & newspaper & book & incollection & techreport & intechreport & lecture + & mastersthesis + & unpublished + & misc + & literal\\ +\hline +address & &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X&\X&\X& \\ +annote & & & & & & & & & & \\ +author &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ +booktitle & & &\X& &\X& & & & & \\ +chair & & & & & &\X& & & & \\ +chapter & & &\X& & & & & & & \\ +day &\X& &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X&\X& \\ +edition & &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & \\ +editor &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& & &\X&\X& \\ +englishtitle &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ +firstkey &\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y\\ +howpublished &\X& &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ +institution & & & &\X&\X& & & & & \\ +journal &\X& & & & & &\X& & & \\ +key &\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y\\ +month &\X& &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X&\X& \\ +note &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ +number &\X&\X& &\X&\X& &\X&\X&\X& \\ +organization & & & & & & & &\X& & \\ +originaladdress &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ +originalbooktitle &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ +originaledition &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ +originaleditor &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ +originaljournal &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ +originalnumber &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ +originalpages &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ +originalpublisher &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ +originalvolume &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ +originalyear &\X&\X&\X&\Y&\X&\Y&\X&\Y&\Y&\Y\\ +pages &\X& &\X& &\X& &\X& & & \\ +publisher & &\X&\X& & & & & &\X& \\ +school & & & & & & &\X& & & \\ +series & & & & & & & & & & \\ +symposium & & & & & &\X& & & & \\ +text & & & & & & & & & &\X\\ +title &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ +translator &\X&\X&\X&\Y&\X&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y\\ +type &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ +volume &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & \\ +year &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\Y\\ +\hline +\end{tabular}% +\setlength{\tabcolsep}{\oldtabcolsep} +} +\end{center} +% +\end{table} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +The following entry types (reference types) are defined in \pkg{apacite}: +\begin{description} + \item[\entryname{article}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + A journal article or comparable. If the + ``article'' referenced to is a special issue of a journal or + something else that has editors instead of authors, the + \fieldname{author} field should be empty and the \fieldname{editor} + field should be used for the editors. If the journal paginates + by issue instead of by volume, or when you are referring to a + whole special issue, the issue number should be given + in the \fieldname{number} field. In all other cases (including + referring to an article within a special issue), the + \fieldname{number} field must not be used. The \fieldname{type} + field can be used to denote the type of article, for example, + ``\verb+Letter to the editor+'', or + ``\verb+Review of the book \emph{Life in the middle}+''. + + \item[\entryname{magazine}] \mbox{}\\ + A magazine article. Unlike in previous versions of \pkg{apacite}, + this is now equivalent to \entryname{article}. However, with + an \entryname{article}, the \fieldname{month} and \fieldname{day} + fields should generally not be used, unless there is a compelling + reason to use them. For a magazine, the \fieldname{month}, and + \fieldname{day} (for weeklies) fields are commonly used. + + \item[\entryname{newspaper}] \mbox{}\\ + A newspaper article. This is similar to \entryname{article} and + \fieldname{magazine}, except that the pages are formatted a little + different, with ``pp. 23--49'' instead of just ``23--49''. + + \item[\entryname{book}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + An entire book. The \fieldname{type} field can now be used + to denote a specific type of item (so generally not strictly + a book), e.g., ``\verb+Brochure+''. Similarly, the + \fieldname{number} field can be used if this is considered + useful. (It is used in example 24 in the APA manual, see + below.) This seems quite rare to me, however. It should + certainly \emph{not} be used for ISBN numbers and the like. + + \item[\entryname{incollection}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + An article in a (usually edited) book, or other kind of larger + work, except a report, for which the \entryname{intechreport} + entry is used. The \fieldname{booktitle} field contains the + title of the whole collection (book). The \fieldname{type} + field is currently used to denote the type of article, as + with the \entryname{article} reference type, although in some + cases, it may be more naturally to let the \fieldname{type} + field contain the type of the whole work (e.g., CD). Therefore, + I may change this somewhat in future versions of \pkg{apacite}. + + \item[\entryname{techreport}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + A report. This may be a ``technical'' report such as published + by universities, or a report from government organizations or + private companies. The \fieldname{type} field can be used to + indicate what kind of report it is, e.g., + ``\verb+College Board Rep.+'' or ``\verb+{DHHS} Publication+''. + If the \fieldname{type} field is missing, the default type + ``\verb+Tech.\ Rep.{}+'' is used. If no type description should + be given, \verb+\bibnotype+ should be used as the contents of + the \fieldname{type} field. The \fieldname{number} field can + be used to give the report number. The organization that + published the report should be given in the \fieldname{institution} + field. + + \item[\entryname{intechreport}] \mbox{}\\ + An article in a (usually edited) report. This is more or less + a combination of \entryname{incollection} and + \entryname{techreport}. It uses the same fields as the former + to describe the article itself, except \fieldname{type}, e.g., + \fieldname{booktitle}, which is in this case the title of the + entire report, + and the same fields as the latter to describe the report. + In particular, the \fieldname{type}, \fieldname{number}, + and \fieldname{institution} fields are used for the report. + + \item[\entryname{lecture}] \mbox{}\\ + A paper presented at a meeting. According to the APA manual, + the year and month should be given, but \pkg{apacite} also + uses the \fieldname{day} field when available. + The \fieldname{symposium} field can be used for the + name of the symposium and the \fieldname{chair} field for the chair of + the meeting. The \fieldname{howpublished} field should be used to + indicate the occasion at which the paper was presented if the + \fieldname{symposium} field is empty, e.g., + ``\texttt{Paper presented at the meeting of the American + Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, + San Diego, CA}''. + It can also be used to give additional information about + the symposium if the \fieldname{symposium} field is not empty. + + \item[\entryname{phdthesis}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + A doctoral dissertation. The \fieldname{school} field is used + to denote the university for which the thesis was written. + The \fieldname{type} field can be used for the thesis type, + e.g., ``\verb+PhD thesis+''. If it is empty, the default type + is used, which is ``\verb+Unpublished doctoral dissertation+'' + or ``\verb+Doctoral dissertation+'', depending on whether + the \fieldname{journal} field is empty or not. + + If the thesis is abstracted in \emph{Dissertation Abstracts + International} or similar, then the \fieldname{journal}, + \fieldname{volume}, \fieldname{number}, and \fieldname{pages} fields + can be used as with journal articles. The \fieldname{year} field + should denote the year of the ``journal''. + The \fieldname{originalyear} field should be used to denote the year + of the original thesis, even if it is the same as the year of the + abstract, provided that the original thesis is used, and not + the abstract. Then, the \fieldname{school} field should also + be used, and optionally the \fieldname{type} field. If only + the abstract is used, it should presumably be treated as a + journal article. + + + \item[\entryname{mastersthesis}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + This is equivalent to the \entryname{phdthesis} type, except that + the default ``unpublished'' and ``published'' \fieldname{type}s are + ``\verb+Unpublished master's thesis+'' and + ``\verb+Master's thesis+''. + + \item[\entryname{unpublished}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + For unpublished manuscripts and similarly ``obscure'' material. + The \fieldname{howpublished} field will typically be used to + indicate what kind of work is referred to (e.g., + ``\verb+Unpublished manuscript+''). The \fieldname{organization} + field can be used to denote the organization in which the document + was produced, e.g., ``\texttt{Johns Hopkins University, Center + for Social Organization of Schools}''. Note that the larger + organization should be given first and the department after that. + The address (city and state, etc., see the discussion of the + \fieldname{address} field in section~\ref{subsec:fields} below) + of the organization should be given in the \fieldname{address} + field, unless it is already mentioned in the name of the + organization. Presumably, if the organization is + ``\verb+University of Groningen+'', the city name ``Groningen'' + should not be given in the \fieldname{address} field, but + the country ``The Netherlands'' should. When both the + \fieldname{organization} and the \fieldname{address} field + are available, \pkg{apacite} formats these as + ``organization, address''. This is different from the + usual ``address: publisher'' form. This behavior cannot + explicitly be deduced from the 5th edition, nor from the + 4th edition, of the APA manual, but the 3rd edition + \cite{APAManual3} gives an explicit example (example 53, + p.~131): \citeA{APA-3rd-ed-ex53}. + + \item[\entryname{misc}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + For works that do not fit into the other categories, such as + motion pictures, cassette recordings, computer software, etc. + The \fieldname{type} field can be used to indicate the type + of work, and \pkg{apacite} recognizes a few specific types + that should be formatted a little differently, see the discussion + of the \fieldname{type} field below. If the \fieldname{address} + and \fieldname{publisher} fields are available, the address and + publisher part is formatted as with books. The \entryname{unpublished} + and \entryname{misc} types are very similar, but there are some + differences. For example, \entryname{unpublished} uses the + \entryname{organization} field and \entryname{misc} uses the + \fieldname{publisher} field, and this part is formatted differently. + Further, the \entryname{unpublished} type requires + \fieldname{author}, \fieldname{editor}, \fieldname{title}, or + \fieldname{type}, whereas with \fieldname{misc}, + \fieldname{howpublished} takes the first position if these fields + are all empty. Finally, as briefly indicated above and discussed + in more detail below, \entryname{misc} recognizes some special + types in the \fieldname{type} field. + + \item[\entryname{literal}] \mbox{}\\ + If the other categories do not format the item correctly, this + category can be used. The \fieldname{text} field is copied literally + to the bibliography. The \fieldname{firstkey}, \fieldname{key}, + \fieldname{year}, and possibly \fieldname{originalyear} and + \fieldname{translator} fields are necessary to get correct + in-text citations. However, I have never needed to use this + entry type and I think that \entryname{misc} should also + be able to format the entry correctly. Furthermore, the + correct placement of \entryname{literal} references in the + reference list (alphabetizing, sorting), may be problematic. + + \item[\entryname{booklet}\LC] + \item[\entryname{inbook}\LC] + \item[\entryname{inproceedings}\LC] + \item[\entryname{manual}\LC] + \item[\entryname{proceedings}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + These categories are defined by all standard citation styles. They + are, however, not needed for the examples in the APA manual. For + compatibility, however, they are included and defined as follows: + \entryname{booklet} = \entryname{manual} = \entryname{proceedings} = + \entryname{misc}; \entryname{inbook} = \entryname{inproceedings} = + \entryname{incollection}. +\end{description} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection{Fields} +\label{subsec:fields} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The following fields can be used to describe a reference in the +\fname{.bib} file: +\begin{description} + + \item[\fieldname{address}\LC] \mbox{}\\% + The address (usually the city and state or country) of the + publisher, school, institution, or organization that published + the item or at which the item was produced. The APA manual + requires that the state or territory of a U.S.-city must be given + in the official two-letter U.S. Postal Services form. Only for + a specific list of 17 specific cities that are ``well known + for publishing'' can (must) the state and/or country + description be omitted. + + \item[\fieldname{annote}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + This is used in some annotated bibliography + styles. It is not used by \pkg{apacite}, but no warning + is given either. It is thus simply ignored. + + \item[\fieldname{author}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The author(s) of the work. This may also be a corporate + author when applicable, but some specific measures must + then be taken to prevent the corporate name from being + interpreted as a first name and last name + (such as ``Association, A. P.''), see the examples. + + As discussed in the standard \BibTeX{} documentation, + multiple authors must be separated by the word \verb+and+, + and each author's name can either be given in the form + ``\opt{firstnames}\verb+ +\opt{lastnames}'' or + ``\opt{lastnames}\verb+, +\opt{firstnames}''. However, + ``von'' parts and ``junior'' parts complicate issues + a bit. See the examples and the discussion of them. + + I would generally give the full first name(s) in the \fname{.bib} + file, even though the APA manual only requires initials, + because other styles require full first name(s) and + \pkg{apacite} abbreviates to initials automatically. + I have done this only occasionally with the examples, + because the APA manual only gives the initials. + Therefore, I have only provided first names with a few + examples for which I knew the authors' first names. + + If there are more than 6 authors, the APA manual requires + that the first 6 should be named in the reference list, + followed by ``et al.''. Therefore, \pkg{apacite} uses + only the names of the first 6 authors, and inserts an + ``et al.'' when applicable. Therefore, in the \fname{.bib} + file, the first 6 (or more) authors may be given (separated by + ``\verb+and+''), followed by ``\verb+and others+''. This phrase + is recognized by \pkg{apacite}. + It is, however, better to give all authors in + the \fname{.bib} file, so that each style can select its + own truncation number. + + \item[\fieldname{booktitle}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The title of the larger work, typically book, but sometimes + something else, like a report, in which the referenced item + (article) was published. + + \item[\fieldname{chair}] \mbox{}\\ + The chair(s) of a symposium or meeting. Used for lectures. + It is formatted the same way as editors. + + \item[\fieldname{chapter}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The chapter number if the referenced item is a chapter in + a larger collection. Typically used if the referenced work + is a chapter in an internet document. If the collection is + a book, page numbers (in the \fieldname{pages} field) + should be used instead according to the APA rules. + + \item[\fieldname{crossref}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The \pkg{apacite} package does not recognize this field, + because the APA manual does not discuss explicit + cross-referencing. If the referenced work is a chapter + (article) in an edited book, all relevant information + should be given in the reference list as part of the + information about the referenced chapter, not as, e.g., + ``In Wainrib (1992)''. If several chapters from the + book edited by Wainrib are referenced, the same information + about this book is given with each referenced chapter, + and the work itself is not a separate entry in the reference + list (unless it is explicitly referred to). + + However, the \fieldname{crossref} field + \emph{can} be used, as part of standard \BibTeX{} usage. + Missing fields for the referenced work are then copied from + the cross-referenced entry, which must come \emph{after} + the referring entry in the \fname{.bib} file. If you use + this, remember to put the title of the book (also) in the + \fieldname{booktitle} field, because the \fieldname{title} + field of the referring entry is not empty (it contains + the chapter title). + + I have not tested cross-referencing in detail, so I do not + know if it behaves well (i.e., complies with the implicit + or explicit APA rules) under various circumstances. + Therefore, I do not recommend using it without thorough + testing. + + \item[\fieldname{day}] \mbox{}\\ + The day of the month on which the referenced item was published, + produced, or presented. Mainly used for articles in daily or + weekly magazines or newspapers, for lectures (although the + APA manual only specifies the month), and electronic documents. + + \item[\fieldname{edition}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The edition of the book or report. This must be of the form 1st, 2nd, + 3rd, etc., or ``Rev.'' for a revised edition. Future work may provide + routines to handle numbers only (1, 2, 3, etc.), so that + language-specific texts are avoided. + + \item[\fieldname{editor}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The editor(s) of a book, report, or special issue of a journal. + In the examples, this field is also ``misused'' for the + producer of a television series. + + \item[\fieldname{englishtitle}] \mbox{}\\ + The English translation of the title of an item with a non-English + title. The APA manual requires that if the referenced work has a + non-English title, an English translation should be given as well. For + an article in a journal with a non-English name or in a book with a + non-English title, the journal name or book title should not be + translated or put in this field, only the title of the referenced work + itself must be translated. Because, as of version + \APACversiondate{2005/06/01}, \pkg{apacite} contains some support of + other languages for the main document (see + section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}), this field needs rethinking, which + will be deferred to a future version. + + \item[\fieldname{firstkey}] \mbox{}\\ + The \fieldname{firstkey} field, if not empty, is used as + ``author'' for the first citation to an item. Subsequent citations + then use the \fieldname{key} field. This can be used if there is + no author or editor field that can be used for citations, or in + certain cases with corporate authors, where the citation in the + text uses an abbreviation of the author's name for second and + subsequent citations, where the abbreviation is introduced in the + first citation. It can also be used to ``trick'' the system + in difficult cases. See also \fieldname{key}. + + \item[\fieldname{howpublished}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + A description of how something was published. For example, + ``Unpublished manuscript'' or ``Paper presented at the meeting + of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, + San Diego, CA''. Also used for retrieval information about + electronic documents, e.g., ``Retrieved October 13, 2001, from + \url{http://jbr.org/articles.html}\bibnodot{.}''. See also + the \fieldname{note} field. + + \item[\fieldname{institution}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The institution, university, or company that published a + (technical) report. + + \item[\fieldname{journal}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The journal, magazine, newspaper, etc.{} in which an + article, a review, or an abstract of a thesis was published. + + \item[\fieldname{key}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + See \fieldname{firstkey}. The \fieldname{key} field, if not + empty, is used for second and subsequent citations, or all citations + if \fieldname{firstkey} is missing. If \fieldname{author} is + empty and \fieldname{editor} is empty or can not be used as + author (e.g., in \entryname{incollection}), the \fieldname{key} + field may be necessary to obtain a useful citation. This is + so, because the APA manual requires an abbreviation of the + title as in-text citation, and the abbreviation must be + sensible. In the current version, \pkg{apacite} uses the + whole title if \fieldname{firstkey} and \fieldname{key} are missing. + Therefore, if the title is considered too long to use in citations, + the user must provide an abbreviation in the \fieldname{key} field. + Furthermore, the user must then also define the formatting: + If the key is used for a difficult kind of author (e.g., + corporate author), it should be formatted as an author, + i.e., in plain text, with names capitalized. + If the key is used for an abbreviation of an article + title, it should be in plain text, with major words capitalized + (unlike in the reference list), and between double quotes + (`` and ''; also unlike in the reference list). + If the key is used for an abbreviation of a book title, it + should be emphasized, with major words capitalized + (unlike in the reference list), but not between quotes. + + In a field in the \fname{.bib} file that is also + used for the citations, such as the \fieldname{key} field, + formatting through, e.g., +\begin{verbatim} + key = {{\itshape Text}}, + key = {{\em Text\/}}, +\end{verbatim} + can be done (note the extra pair of braces!), but the + seemingly more logical variations +\begin{verbatim} + key = {\textit{Text}}, + key = {{\textit{Text}}}, + key = {\emph{Text}}, + key = {{\emph{Text}}}, +\end{verbatim} + do not work. + However, it is generally preferable to use as less explicit + formatting in the \fname{.bib} files as possible, because this + decreases the possibilities of successfully using the + same \fname{.bib} file with other styles. The following works + excellent: +\begin{verbatim} + key = {{\APACcitebtitle{Text}}}, +\end{verbatim} + where the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} macro recognizes that the argument + should be formatted as a booktitle (i.e., in italics according to the + APA rules). This macro, and its companion \cmd{\APACciteatitle} for + article title formatting, are used by \pkg{apacite} if the + \fieldname{firstkey} and \fieldname{key} fields are missing, + but can also be used by the user. Note that if you use such a + \fname{.bib} file with another style, you have to provide + definitions of these macros yourself. + + \emph{Warning:} the \fieldname{key} field, which acts + as a kind of pseudo-author, should not be confused with the + (citation) \opt{key} that is used to match citations with + entries in a \fname{.bib} file. + + \item[\fieldname{month}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The month something was published. Mainly used for + magazine or newspaper articles, lectures, and electronic documents. + Use the month macros \verb+jan+, \verb+feb+, etc. These are + predefined strings in \fname{apacite.bst} and \fname{apacitex.bst}, + but can be overridden when desired, e.g., when using another + language (see section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}). + + \item[\fieldname{note}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + A note. This puts additional information between parentheses + at the end of a reference list entry. In the examples from + the APA manual, it is used for NTIS No., ERIC No., and UMI No., + and for notes about how to obtain the work + (``Available from \opt{organization}, \opt{full address}''). + If however, the work has been obtained from the internet + or from an ``aggregated database'', then the + \fieldname{howpublished} field should be used, because it + should not be between parentheses then. + + Finally, the \fieldname{note} field is used to give the + recording date (i.e., year) of a song when this is different + from the date (year) of copyright. The latter should be + put in the \fieldname{year} field. + + Do not use the \fieldname{note} field to denote the original + publication of a reprint or translation, because the + \fieldname{originalyear} field must be used in those cases to + obtain the correct citation in the text \cite<e.g.,>{ex39}. + + \item[\fieldname{number}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The number of a journal issue or a report. This can be quite + complex, for example, ``\verb+PRM~92-01+'', or + ``\verb+3, Pt.~2+'', or ``\verb+1, Serial No.~231+''. + These latter examples imply that the generality (language and + style independence) of the \fname{.bib} file is somewhat lost. + Furthermore, if the journal paginates by year and not by issue, + the issue number should not be mentioned at all (except when + referring to a whole special issue). Of course, \pkg{apacite} + does not know whether the journal paginates by issue or by year. + If the \fieldname{number} field is available, \pkg{apacite} + simply assumes that it should be included. It is the user's + responsibility to ensure that this is indeed the case. + + \item[\fieldname{organization}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + Used for the \entryname{unpublished} reference type to denote + the organization in which the unpublished work was produced. + + \item[\fieldname{originaladdress}] + \item[\fieldname{originalbooktitle}] + \item[\fieldname{originaledition}] + \item[\fieldname{originaleditor}] + \item[\fieldname{originaljournal}] + \item[\fieldname{originalnumber}] + \item[\fieldname{originalpages}] + \item[\fieldname{originalpublisher}] + \item[\fieldname{originalvolume}] + \item[\fieldname{originalyear}] \mbox{}\\ + These (\fieldname{original*-}) fields have the same + meaning as their counterparts without the ``original'' prefix, + except that they refer to the book or journal in which the + work was originally published. This can be used in referring to + translations or reprints of articles in journals or books. If the + original work is a book or other ``standalone'' work, + only the \fieldname{originalyear} field should be used. If the + original work is a (PhD or Master's) thesis that is also abstracted + in \emph{Dissertation Abstracts International}, + \emph{Masters Abstracts International}, or comparable, the + \fieldname{originalyear} field should be used to denote the year + of the dissertation and the \fieldname{year} field to + denote the year of publication of the abstract, even if they + are the same. + + \item[\fieldname{pages}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The (inclusive) page numbers of the article that is referred to, + in the journal or book in which it was published. If a range of + pages is given (which is usually the case), an en-dash should + be used: ``\verb+29--43+''. Other styles sometimes allow a + single hyphen (``\verb+29-43+''), which is then automatically + formatted as an en-dash (``29--43''), rather than as a hyphen + (``29-43''), but I have encountered situations, esp.\ software + manuals, in which the page number was of the form ``II-3'', + meaning page~3 of chapter~2. In such a situation, you may + get page numbers like ``II-1--II-15'', where the distinction + between a hyphen and an en-dash becomes important. Therefore, + \pkg{apacite} does not perform such automatic transformations. + + \item[\fieldname{publisher}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The publisher of the item. Primarily used for books. + + \item[\fieldname{school}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The school or university for which a PhD thesis or + master's thesis was written. + + \item[\fieldname{series}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + Not used, although the APA manual has a rule for series. + If you refer to a volume in a series, the series title, + volume number, and volume title should be joined into + a two-part title , e.g., \emph{Handbook of child psychology: + Vol.~4. Socialization, personality, and social development}, + see ex.~36. In the current version of \pkg{apacite} this + whole part must be put in the \fieldname{title} or + \fieldname{booktitle} field (whichever is appropriate). + Maybe in a next version I will use the \fieldname{series} + field to allow disentangling such situations. + + \item[\fieldname{symposium}] \mbox{}\\ + The name of the symposium or meeting at which a + lecture was given. This is typically used for the + construction ``In \opt{chair} (Chair), \opt{symposium}'', + see ex.~51. I have never used it myself, however, + I always use the ``Paper presented \ldots'' form, + which puts this information in the \fieldname{howpublished} + field. + + \item[\fieldname{text}] \mbox{}\\ + Used for items of type \entryname{literal}. This field contains + the complete literal text to be used in the bibliography. + + \item[\fieldname{title}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The title of the work. + + \item[\fieldname{translator}] \mbox{}\\ + The translator of a book or article. This should + be formatted in the same way as \fieldname{author} and + \fieldname{editor}. If the \fieldname{translator} and + \fieldname{editor} fields are identical, they are + formatted as if there were only an editor, except that the + editor receives the suffix ``(Ed. \& Trans.)'' instead of + just ``(Ed.)'', or similarly if there is more than 1 editor. + + \item[\fieldname{type}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The type of \entryname{phdthesis} (e.g., + ``Doctoral dissertation''), type of \entryname{article} + (e.g., ``Letter to the editor''), type of \entryname{techreport} + (e.g., ``DHHS Publication''), type of \entryname{book} + (e.g., ``Brochure''), type of \entryname{misc} + (e.g., ``Cassette recording''), and so forth. + + With a review (which is typically an \entryname{article}), + the \fieldname{type} field contains a lot of information + and formatting, e.g.: +\begin{verbatim} + type = {Review of the book {\APACcitebtitle{Life in the middle: + Psychological and social development in middle age}}}, +\end{verbatim} + where I used the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} command introduced above in + the discussion of the \fieldname{key} field. + + In one of the APA manual examples, I used the \fieldname{type} + field to give a description of the subject of an unpublished + raw data file (``Auditory response latencies in rat auditory + cortex''), leaving the \fieldname{title} field blank. + + For most reference types, if the \fieldname{type} field + is missing, it is simply ignored and no type description + is given. For a \entryname{techreport}, however, if the + \fieldname{type} field is missing, the default type + (``Tech. Rep.'') is inserted. In ex.~42 of the APA manual, + a report without a type description is given. To make it + possible to format a report successfully without a + type description, \pkg{apacite} recognizes +\begin{verbatim} + type = {\bibnotype}, +\end{verbatim} + indicating that there should be no type description. + + Another special purpose use of the \fieldname{type} + field is for a computer program, software, programming + language and/or manual. These are put into a \entryname{misc} + entry, but unlike other \entryname{misc} types (such as + motion pictures) the titles of these types should not + be italicized. This is now recognized by \pkg{apacite} + in the following way: When referring to a computer program, + software, programming language and/or manual, you should + use the \entryname{misc} reference type with + one of the following commands in the \fieldname{type} field:\\ + \cmd{\bibcomputerprogram},\\ + \cmd{\bibcomputerprogrammanual},\\ + \cmd{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual},\\ + \cmd{\bibcomputersoftware},\\ + \cmd{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual},\\ + \cmd{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}, or\\ + \cmd{\bibprogramminglanguage}.\\ + Using any of these commands as type designator of a + \entryname{misc} entry ensures that the title is not italicized, + as required. Note that the \entryname{manual} entry reduces to + \entryname{misc}, so can be used sensibly, but only if the + \fieldname{type} field is defined as above. Perhaps it would + be logical to define a default type for this, but this is not + implemented. Anyway, adding a \fieldname{type} field to a + \entryname{manual} entry in a \fname{.bib} file will probably + do not any harm with other bibstyles, so this is probably only + a minor nuisance. + + Similarly, if you refer to a message that has been posted to + a newsgroup, internet forum, etc., you should use the + \entryname{misc} reference type with \cmd{\bibmessage} as + \fieldname{type} field. + + \item[\fieldname{volume}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The volume or volumes of the referenced book(s) or + of the book in which the referenced article was published, + or the volume of the journal (magazine, newspaper, \ldots) + in which the referenced article was published. + + \item[\fieldname{year}\LC] \mbox{}\\ + The year in which the referenced item was published, or + if it was not published, the year in which it was written + or presented. For manuscripts or books that are accepted + for publication but have not yet been published, ``in press'' + should be used according to the APA rules. The best way to do + this is to use the ``\cmd{\BIP}'' command, which can be redefined + by the user if the language or editorial style requires + something else than ``in press''. Furthermore, \cmd{\BIP} + is recognized by \pkg{apacite} and treated a little differently, + because for multiple ``in press'' references with the same + author(s), a hyphen (``-'') should be inserted between the + ``year'' (i.e., ``in press'') and the ``a'', ``b'', etc., that + follow it to distinguish the works, whereas this hyphen must + be omitted if the ``year'' is an ordinary year (1991a, 1991b). + + If no date is explicitly given in (or on) the referenced work, + a ``n.d.'' (no date) should be given as year description. + For this, \pkg{apacite} supports the \cmd{\bibnodate} + command. This sometimes leads to different formatting as well, + e.g., by referencing a translation of a work of which there + is no original date. Then the \fieldname{originalyear} + field should be \cmd{\bibnodate} and the \fieldname{year} field + is then, e.g., \verb+1931+. If the \fieldname{translator} + field is not empty, the citation in the text is then formatted + as, e.g., ``\citeA{3.100-2}''. +\end{description} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Customization} +\label{sec:custom} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The description in the previous sections, with the exception of +section~\ref{sec:usage}, almost exclusively discussed the default behavior of +\pkg{apacite}. However, as mentioned in the introduction, in addition to the +options, \pkg{apacite} offers many possibilities for customization. Most +punctuation used in the citations and reference list are implemented through +\LaTeX{} commands instead of explicit symbols. Consequently, the user can +fine-tune the behavior of \pkg{apacite} by redefining these commands, through +\cmd{\renewcommand} after \pkg{apacite} has been loaded. Analogously, most +fixed texts, like ``Tech.\ Rep.{}'' and ``Eds.{}'' are implemented through +\LaTeX{} commands as well, and can similarly be changed by the user. The +commands used by \pkg{apacite} are discussed in this section. Of course, the +defaults are based on the rules of the APA manual. + +Some commands, predominantly punctuation, are used both in citations and in +the reference list. If you want their definitions in citations to be different +from their definitions in the reference list, you can simply redefine their +definitions before starting the bibliography. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection{Punctuation and formatting} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The following punctuation commands are provided and used for +the citations and reference list. +\begin{description} + \item[\cmd{\BAstyle}] This defines the text style of the authors + (or whatever takes their place) for an in-text citation. It + defaults to nothing: The authors use the same fonts as the + text surrounding it. Introduced because some journals use + a different style. For example, \emph{Statistica Neerlandica} + uses small-caps, so for that journal, you would define +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand{\BAstyle}{\scshape} +\end{verbatim} + Do not use the \cmd{\textsc}-type commands, but \cmd{\scshape}, + \cmd{\bfseries}, etc. The \cmd{\BAstyle} command is used for + the author-part by the citation commands + \cmd{\cite}, \cmd{\shortcite}, \cmd{\fullcite}, + \cmd{\citeA}, \cmd{\shortciteA}, \cmd{\fullciteA}, + \cmd{\citeNP}, \cmd{\shortciteNP}, and \cmd{\fullciteNP}. + + \item[\cmd{\BAastyle}] This is the same as \cmd{\BAstyle}, except that + \cmd{\BAastyle} is used for \cmd{\citeauthor}, \cmd{\shortciteauthor}, + and \cmd{\fullciteauthor}. + + \item[\cmd{\BBOP}] Open parenthesis, used for parentheses opening + a citation, as in ``(Rao, 1973)'' or ``Rao (1973)'', and the + year in the reference list, as in ``Rao, C. R. (1973).'' + Default is ``\verb+(+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BBCP}] The corresponding closing parenthesis. + Default is ``\verb+)+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BAP}] This command is inserted after the prefix and before + the first citation in a \cmd{\cite} command. It defaults to an + ordinary space. + + \item[\cmd{\BBAA}] Last ``and'' between authors in a citation + between parentheses and in the reference list, as in + ``(Mooijaart \& Bentler, 1986)'' or ``Mooijaart, A., \& + Bentler, P. M. (1986).''. Default is ``\verb+\&+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BBAB}] Last ``and'' between authors in a citation in text, + as in ``Mooijaart and Bentler (1986)''. Default is ``\verb+and+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BBAY}] Punctuation between author(s) and year in a citation + between parentheses, as in ``(Rao, 1973)''. Default is ``\verb+, +''. + + \item[\cmd{\BBYY}] \label{cmd:BBYY} + Punctuation between two subsequent years, if two works + by the same author(s) are referenced in a single citation command, + as in ``(Rao, 1965, 1973)'' or ``Rao (1965, 1973)''. + Default is ``\verb+, +''. + + \item[\cmd{\BBC}] Punctuation between multiple cites, as in + ``(Rao, 1973; Mooijaart \& Bentler, 1986)''. + Default is ``\verb+; +''. + + \item[\cmd{\BBN}] Punctuation before a note (postfix) after + a citation, as in ``(Rao, 1973, chap.~2)''. + Default is ``\verb+, +''. + + \item[\cmd{\BBOQ}] Opening quote for an article title in the + reference list, as in + ``\flqq Random polynomial factor analysis.\frqq'' Default is + the empty string: no quotes used. + + \item[\cmd{\BBCQ}] Closing quote for an article title in the + reference list. Default is the empty string. + (The \pkg{theapa} package required the closing period to be part + of the closing quote, but this has been + changed, because the period must be left out if title comments, + such as type, English translation of non-English title, or + translator follow the title.) + + \item[\cmd{\BCBT}] Comma between authors in the reference section when + the number of authors is two, as in + ``Mooijaart, A., \& Bentler, P. M. (1986).'' The comma + after the ``A.'' is this one. Default is ``\verb+,+''. + The APA manual requires it, but other styles leave out this + comma. In such a case, you would redefine this ``comma'' to + be the empty string: +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand{\BCBT}{} +\end{verbatim} + + \item[\cmd{\BCBL}] Comma before the last author (for 3 or more authors) + in a citation and in the reference section, as in ``(Gill, Murray, + \& Wright, 1981)'' or ``Gill, P. E., Murray, W., \& Wright, M. H. + (1981).'' Default is ``\verb+,+''. The APA manual requires it, + which is standard U.S. usage, but other styles, particularly + European, such as British English, leave out this comma. Again, + in such a case, you would redefine this ``comma'' to + be the empty string. + + \item[\cmd{\BAnd}] This is the ``and'' that is used in the reference list + if someone is both editor and translator: + ``In J. Strachey (Ed. \& Trans),''. Default is ``\verb+\&+''. + + \item[\cmd{\theBibCnt}] If there are multiple citations with the same + author and year, a letter should be added to the year to distinguish + the references. For example, one may refer to two or more articles + by J. Smith published in 1982. They should be referred to as + ``Smith (1982a)'', ``Smith (1982b)'', and so forth. To accomplish + this, the counter \verb+BibCnt+ is defined in \fname{apacite.sty}. + The \cmd{\theBibCnt} command defines how the value of \verb+BibCnt+ + is formatted. The default is ``\verb+\alph{BibCnt}+''. To + emphasize (italicize) the ``a'', ``b'', etc., you can redefine + this as +\begin{verbatim} +\renewcommand{\theBibCnt}{{\em\alph{BibCnt}\/}} +\end{verbatim} + (This presumably works better than ``\verb+\emph{\alph{BibCnt}}+''.) + To control this behavior, redefining the \cmd{\theBibCnt} command + should normally be sufficient. However, the complete formatting + commands are \cmd{\BCnt}, \cmd{\BCntIP}, and \cmd{\BCntND}. The + second of these is for ``in press'' works, which need an extra hyphen + between ``in press'' and the ``a'' and ``b'' suffixes. The third is + similar, for works without a date. Their default definitions + in \fname{apacite.sty} are +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\BCnt}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}\theBibCnt} +\newcommand{\BCntIP}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}-\theBibCnt} +\newcommand{\BCntND}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}-\theBibCnt} +\end{verbatim} + + \item[\cmd{\APACciteatitle}] The formatting of the title of an + article (or similar work) + when used as a citation in the text when no author or editor + is available for that purpose. Its default definition + in \fname{apacite.sty} is +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\APACciteatitle}[1]{``#1''} +\end{verbatim} + i.e., the title is put between double quotes. + + \item[\cmd{\APACcitebtitle}] The formatting of the title of a book + (or other independent work) + when used as a citation in the text when no author or editor + is available for that purpose. Its default definition + in \fname{apacite.sty} is +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\APACcitebtitle}[1]{{\em #1\/}} +\end{verbatim} + i.e., the title is emphasized (in italics) but not put between + double quotes. + + \item[\cmd{\APACmetastar}] The asterisk that precedes an item in the + bibliography to denote that it is included in the meta-analysis. + The default value is ``\verb+$\star$\ +''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibnewpage}] If the \pkgoption{bibnewpage} option + is chosen, this command is included before the bibliography. + Its default definition is \cmd{\clearpage}, but \fname{apa.cls} + uses a similar construction with its \pkgoption{man} option + through \cmd{\newpage}. + See \citeA[p.~215]{LaTeXbook} for the differences between + \cmd{\clearpage} and \cmd{\newpage}. + + \item[\cmd{\bibliographytypesize}] This command is used before + the reference list, but after the section or chapter heading. + It is intended for the font size of the reference list: + For \citeA{WaMe00}, I defined it as \cmd{\small} (and even then + the reference list took up 34 pages). The default value is + \cmd{\normalsize}. + + \item[\cmd{\bibleftmargin}] This gives the indentation of the second + and subsequent lines of a reference list entry, relative to the + usual left margin. It is not a proper command, but a + ``skip'' (rubber length), which means that it cannot be changed by + \cmd{\renewcommand}, but by \cmd{\setlength}. Its default + value is \verb+2.5em+. + + \item[\cmd{\bibindent}] This gives the indentation of the first + line of a reference list entry, relative to the second line. + It is also a ``skip''. Its default value is \verb+-\bibleftmargin+, + which means that the first line starts at the original left margin, + and the second and subsequent lines are indented by 2.5em. + + \item[\cmd{\bibitemsep}] This gives the vertical separation + between two reference list entries. It is also a ``skip'', with + default value ``\verb+\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax+'', i.e., 0pt, + but it may be stretched a little to fill the page nicely. + This is an old (Plain \TeX) style definition, I will probably + change that in a next version. If you want to change it, + e.g., to get a blank line between reference list entries, + you can use +\begin{verbatim} +\setlength{\bibitemsep}{\baselineskip} +\end{verbatim} +\end{description} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection{Labels} +\label{sec:labels} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +There are a lot of specific pieces of text that can be put into the reference +list or a citation by \pkg{apacite}. Here, these pieces are called +\emph{labels}. Almost all of these are to some extent language-specific, and +sometimes style-specific even within the same language. Therefore, they are +implemented through \LaTeX{} commands, so that users can easily change them. +In this section, these commands and their purposes are described, and their +(U.S.\ English) defaults are given. Section~\ref{sec:compat-babel} below will +discuss how these commands are changed if another language is used. + +The following label commands are used: +\begin{description} + \item[\cmd{\bibmessage}] This is the first of 9 specific type + commands that are recognized by \pkg{apacite}. If you + define the \fieldname{type} field of a \entryname{misc} + entry as ``\cmd{\bibmessage}'', the formatting of the + entry is changed (e.g., the title is not italicized), + see the discussion of the \fieldname{type} field in + section~\ref{subsec:fields} above. This one is used for + messages in newsgroups, internet forums, etc. + Default is ``\verb+Msg+''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibcomputerprogram}] + Default is ``\verb+Computer program+''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibcomputerprogrammanual}] + Default is ``\verb+Computer program manual+''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual}] + Default is ``\verb+Computer program and manual+''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibcomputersoftware}] + Default is ``\verb+Computer software+''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual}] + Default is ``\verb+Computer software manual+''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}] + Default is ``\verb+Computer software and manual+''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibprogramminglanguage}] + Default is ``\verb+Programming language+''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibnotype}] + This one is a bit different from the previous 8. It is used for + \entryname{techreport} entries to indicate that the type specifier + should be suppressed. Its default value is the empty string, but this + will not have an effect on \pkg{apacite} behavior, because the type + specifier is suppressed anyway by \pkg{apacite}. However, by defining it + as the empty string, formatting may become better (i.e., closer to the + desired formatting) with other styles. + + \item[\cmd{\bibnodate}] Used in the \fieldname{year} and + \fieldname{originalyear} fields to indicate that no + publication date has been given. Default value is ``\verb+n.d.{}+''. + The extra pair of braces ensures that \TeX\ does not treat + the period before them as a sentence-ending period, after which + more space is inserted. This also applies to several other + labels discussed below. + + \item[\cmd{\BOthers}] Used for ``others'' if the number of authors + or editors is too large, as in ``(Gill et al., 1981)''. + The default is ``\verb+et al.{}+''. + + However, the definition contains a slight adaptation, because + in a previous version of \pkg{apacite}, there was a problem + implying that in some cases \BibTeX{} might put an extra period after + \cmd{\BOthers}, not recognizing that it already contains a period, + so that you would get ``et al.{}.'', which is undesirable. + It depends on the definition of \cmd{\BOthers} whether there should + be a period or not: If it is defined as ``\verb+et al.{}+'', + there should not be an additional period, but if it is defined + as, say, ``\verb+and others+'', then there should be an additional + period. But \BibTeX{} does not know what the (later) definition + of this command will be in \LaTeX{}. Therefore, the \cmd{\BOthers} + command is defined to have one argument. In \BibTeX{}, + \pkg{apacite} inserts \verb+\BOthers{.}+ in the output, so no + additional period is inserted by \BibTeX{}. By default, this + command is defined as ``\verb+et al.{}+'', and the argument is + simply ignored. + + If you redefine the \cmd{\BOthers} command and need the additional + period, you can redefine it appropriately. However, in the current + version, the \cmd{\BOthers} command is distinguished from the + \cmd{\BOthersPeriod} command and I think the mentioned problems + do not occur anymore. Nevertheless, I have kept the definition of the + previous version. I may decide, after thorough testing, to change + this again in a next version. + + There is still a complication, however. If you use a \cmd{\citeauthor} + at the end of a sentence, there may be a period too many, if + you end the sentence explicitly with it and \cmd{\BOthers} is + ``et al.{}''. On the other hand, if you omit the sentence-finishing + period but decide to redefine \cmd{\BOthers} to ``and others'', + the period is missing. Therefore, it seems wise not to end a sentence + with a \cmd{\citeauthor}, or you could define a command, e.g., + \cmd{\finishsentence}, and insert it in an appropriate place. + Then, this command should be changed along with \cmd{\BOthers}. + + \item[\cmd{\BOthersPeriod}] Also used for ``others'' if the number of + authors or editors is too large, as in ``Gill, P. E., et al. (1981)''. + But this one is used for situations when it should always end with + a period. The default is ``\verb+et al.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BIP}] ``In press'', the string to be used as year for + in-press references. In the \fname{.bib} file, the \fieldname{year} + field should be ``\verb+\BIP+'', so that \pkg{apacite} can recognize + this and use appropriate formatting and sorting. + The default value is ``\verb+in press+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BIn}] Used for \entryname{incollection} and + \entryname{intechreport}, for ``In \opt{editor} (Ed.{}), + \opt{booktitle}'', and similar phrases. Default value is ``\verb+In+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BCHAP}] Used for \entryname{incollection} if the + \fieldname{pages} field is empty, to denote the chapter number + of the referenced work in the collection. Used primarily for + internet documents, where there are no page numbers. + Default value is ``\verb+chap.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BCHAPS}] Just like \cmd{\BCHAP}, but this one is used + if the \fieldname{chapter} field refers to more than 1 chapter. + Default value is ``\verb+chap.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BED}] Editor in reference list, as in + ``In P. R. Krishnaiah (Ed.{})''. Default is ``\verb+Ed.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BEDS}] Editors (more than one editor) in reference list, + as in ``In C. R. Rao \& J. K. Ghosh (Eds.{})''. + Default is ``\verb+Eds.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BTRANS}] Translator, as in ``(J. Strachey, Trans.{})''. + Default is ``\verb+Trans.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BTRANSS}] Translators. Default is ``\verb+Trans.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BTRANSL}] Translation. Used in a text citation when + referring to a translated work for which there is no date + for the original work. This is then formatted as + ``Aristotle (trans.{} 1931)''. Default is ``\verb+trans.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BCHAIR}] Chair of a symposium, etc. + Default is ``\verb+Chair+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BCHAIRS}] Chairs. Default is ``\verb+Chairs+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BVOL}] Volume, as in ``Vol.\ 1''. + Default is ``\verb+Vol.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BVOLS}] Volumes, as in ``Vols.{} 1--4''. + Default is ``\verb+Vols.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BNUM}] Number, as in ``Tech.\ Rep.{} No.{} 12''. + Default is ``\verb+No.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BNUMS}] Numbers, as in ``Nos.{} 3--5''. + Default is ``\verb+Nos.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BEd}] Edition, as in ``2nd ed.{}''. + Default is ``\verb+ed.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BPG}] Page, default is ``\verb+p.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BPGS}] Pages, default is ``\verb+pp.{}+''. + + \item[\cmd{\BTR}] The (default) technical report type name, which can be + overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is + ``\verb+Tech.\ Rep.{}+'' + + \item[\cmd{\BPhD}] The (default) PhD thesis type name, which can be + overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is + ``\texttt{Doctoral dissertation}''. + + \item[\cmd{\BUPhD}] The (default) Unpublished PhD thesis type name, + which can be overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is + ``\texttt{Unpublished doctoral dissertation}''. + + \item[\cmd{\BMTh}] The (default) master's thesis type name, which can be + overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is + ``\texttt{Master's thesis}''. + + \item[\cmd{\BUMTh}] The (default) unpublished master's thesis type name, + which can be overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is + ``\texttt{Unpublished master's thesis}''. + + \item[\cmd{\BOWP}] ``Original work published'', default is + ``\texttt{Original work published}''. + + \item[\cmd{\BREPR}] ``Reprinted from'', default is + ``\texttt{Reprinted from}''. + + \item[\cmd{\refname}] Name of the reference list if it's a section. + (So it's the section name.) Default is ``\verb+References+''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibname}] Name of the reference list if it's a chapter. + Default is ``\verb+References+''. + + \item[\cmd{\bibliographyprenote}] This command is used before + the reference list, but after the section or chapter heading, + and immediately after \cmd{\bibliographytypesize}. + It is intended for an optional note just before the references + in the reference list. It defaults to nothing, but can be changed + to a list of commands (e.g., if some commands should be different + in the reference list than in the text) and/or some text. + + \item[\cmd{\APACmetaprenote}] If a meta-analysis is reported, the + works included in the meta-analysis should in the bibliography be + preceded by an asterisk, see the description of \cmd{\APACmetastar} + above. This should then be explained in a note before the references. + This command contains the text of that note. Default is + ``\texttt{References marked with an asterisk indicate studies + included in the meta-analysis.}''. + + \item[\cmd{\authorindexname}] Name (heading) of the author index. + Default is ``\verb+Author Index+''. +\end{description} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Language support} +\label{sec:compat-babel} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The APA is, of course, American, and therefore the rules in the APA manual +are also based on the (U.S.) English language. Because \pkg{apacite} was +primarily designed to implement the APA rules, and because I write all +my scientific work in English, \pkg{apacite} never contained explicit +support for other languages. However, most language-specific elements +have been implemented in the form of \LaTeX{} commands, so that users +could define their own \LaTeX{} package in which these elements were +changed. The labels discussed in section~\ref{sec:labels} above are the +most important part of this. + +Furthermore, when writing in a non-English language, the \pkg{babel} package +will usually be loaded. The \pkg{babel} package is an extensive package that +facilitates using \LaTeX{} for documents in languages other than English. +There have been some compatibility problems between \pkg{babel} and +\pkg{apacite}, and therefore since 2003 \pkg{apacite} contained some +explicit code to overcome the compatibility problems. I think this works +well, provided that \pkg{apacite} is loaded \emph{after} \pkg{babel}. + +Thus, although \pkg{apacite} did not support non-English languages +explicitly, it did facilitate them. Supporting non-English languages is +not a main objective of \pkg{apacite}, because it is not needed for +the APA. Nevertheless, it would be a useful addition. Many journals in +non-English languages and universities in countries where other languages +are spoken base their rules on the APA manual. Therefore, it would be +efficient if, with a few adaptations, \pkg{apacite} could also be used in +these circumstances. For this reason, and based on user requests, the +current version of \pkg{apacite} contains a first attempt at explicit +language support. + +The \pkg{apacite} distribution now contains a subdirectory \fname{lang}, +which contains files that have names according to the construction +\opt{language}\fname{.apc}, i.e., \fname{english.apc}, \fname{dutch.apc}, etc. +These files contain the language-specific modifications of \pkg{apacite}, +mainly translations of terms like ``and'', ``Ed.{}'', etc., and have been +written by \pkg{apacite} users that are (native) speakers of the languages +involved. If the \pkg{babel}, \pkg{german}, or \pkg{ngerman} package is +loaded, \pkg{apacite} is able to determine the language of the document that +is processed. Then the corresponding \fname{.apc} file, when available, is +read. In this way, language-specific elements are changed to the relevant +language. This is done fully automatically, the user does not have to do +anything explicitly. However, sometimes an \fname{.apc} file makes some +assumptions (such as \fname{greek.apc}, which assumes ISO-8859-7 encoding) +or makes some choices that are nontrivial. Therefore, look at the source +code of the \fname{.apc} file if you obtain unexpected results. These files +contain some brief documentation of the specific issues relevant for the +language at hand. + +The list with available \fname{.apc} files can be found in the file +\fname{manifest.txt}. One file is defined for each ``language'', which can be +used for several ``dialects'' (in \pkg{babel} terminology). For example, +\fname{english.apc} is also used if the language is ``american''. See the +documentation of the \pkg{babel} and \pkg{(n)german} packages for a list of +dialects of the language files supplied. If an \fname{.apc} file is not +available for the language you need, you can use one of the supplied ones as a +template and write your own. If you send it to me, I can include it in a next +version of \pkg{apacite}. + +Note, however, that this form of language support is still very limited. +There are many aspects that are not yet covered, like different forms of +dates (month-day vs.\ day-month). I have recently discovered the +\pkg{babelbib} package, which offers very sophisticated support of +different languages. I will study this and see whether I can use some +of its features in a future version of \pkg{apacite}. + +One of the issues that is not yet settled is how to treat the months. +I could define these as commands like \cmd{\January} or according +to a construction like \verb+\bibmonth{1}+. The months are now still +hard-coded in English as macros in \fname{apacite.bst}. +This means that, when using a different language, they can (and must) +be redefined in the \fname{.bib} file, by including lines like: +\begin{verbatim} + @string{jan = "{\APACSortNoop{01}}January"} +\end{verbatim} +etc., where you replace ``\verb+January+'' by the translation of January +in the desired language. The ``\verb+{\APACSortNoop{01}}+'' ensures that +\BibTeX{} sorts January before, say, April, when that is needed. + +It is likely that you would use these month definitions a lot, in which case +an even better solution would be to write a special \fname{.bib} file, say +\opt{language}\fname{.bib}, which only contains these month redefinitions. +Then you could put this file somewhere where \BibTeX{} can find it and include +this before your (other) \fname{.bib} file(s) that contain the actual +references: +\begin{verbatim} +\bibliographystyle{apacite} +\bibliography{language,otherbibfiles} +\end{verbatim} +See \citeA[p.~159]{LaTeXbook} or \citeA[p.~403]{LaTeXcomp} for a discussion +of these issues. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Compatibility} +\label{sec:compat} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +Generally speaking, I would want \pkg{apacite} to be compatible with other +packages, of course. However, what does compatibility mean? It can mean +various things: +\begin{enumerate} +\item \label{compat1}% + The same \fname{.bib} file can be used with + different \BibTeX{} styles and \LaTeX{} citation packages; +\item \label{compat2}% + The same citation commands as other citation packages; +\item \label{compat3}% + Another \LaTeX{} citation package can be used with a + \fname{.bbl} file that is generated by the \pkg{apacite} + \BibTeX{} style; +\item \label{compat4}% + The \pkg{apacite} \LaTeX{} citation package can be used with a + \fname{.bbl} file that is generated by another \BibTeX{} style; +\item \label{compat5}% + The \pkg{apacite} \LaTeX{} citation package can be loaded at the + same time as other packages without errors or undesirable + side-effects. +\end{enumerate} +Because of the complicated rules of the APA manual, it is not always possible +to achieve all kinds of compatibility with all other packages. Later in this +section, I will discuss compatibility issues with other packages with which +known incompatibility problems exist or have existed. A first example of this, +the \pkg{babel} package, has already been mentioned above in +section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}. + +Point~\ref{compat1} is the most important. If you have to write a completely +different \fname{.bib} file for different citation styles, there does not seem +to be an advantage in using \BibTeX{}. You might as well write the reference +list explicitly in \LaTeX{} then. However, not even this point can be achieved +completely, although the vast majority of the items will be the same for +different styles. But there remain a number of choices that are style-specific +and that lead to differences in the \fname{.bib} file. Examples from the APA +manual are: +\begin{itemize} +\item If a referenced book is volume~III according to its title + page, this should be referenced as Vol.~3 according to the + APA manual rules, but that may not be the case with other + styles; +\item Journal names are abbreviated by some styles, but not + according to the APA manual rules; +\item Publisher names should be abbreviated according to the + APA manual, e.g., ``John Wiley \& Sons'' becomes ``Wiley''. + Other styles do not do this; +\item The issue number of a journal should only be given if + the journal starts each issue with page~1, not if page + numbers of different issues in the same volume are consecutive. + Other styles may require the issue number in all cases; +\item Page ranges are given as ``341--351'' in APA style, whereas + other styles use ``341--51''; +\item The APA rules require a capital after a colon (`\verb+:+'), + so that subtitles start with a capital as well. Other styles + may not do this; +\item The APA has specific rules about the address: For a U.S. city, + the state (or territory) should be given as a 2-letter code + from the U.S. Postal Services, and the province and country + should be given if it is a non-U.S. city, unless it is one of + the 17 (U.S. and non-U.S.) cities that are ``well-known for + publishing''. Then, only the city should be mentioned. There + are similar exceptions if the name of the state (and sometimes + even city) is already mentioned in the university name and + the university acts as publisher; +\item Yearbooks like \emph{Annual Review of Psychology} should be treated + as journals according to the APA rules, whereas other styles + treat these as books; +\item The additional fields (such as \fieldname{translator} and the + \fieldname{original*}-fields) that are used by \pkg{apacite} but are + not defined in other \BibTeX{} styles are of course + \pkg{apacite}-specific. +\end{itemize} +Some of these problems can be handled relatively elegantly. For example, +the user could use a command like ``\verb+\RomanVol{3}+'' in the +\fieldname{volume} field. Then, the user could define a counter, +\verb+RomanVolcounter+, say, in \LaTeX{} and then define +\cmd{\RomanVol} (similar to \cmd{\BCnt} discussed earlier) as +\begin{verbatim} +\newcommand{\RomanVol}[1]{% + \setcounter{RomanVolcounter}{#1}\theRomanVolcounter} +\end{verbatim} +where \cmd{\theRomanVolcounter} is defined as \verb+\arabic{RomanVolcounter}+ +if \pkg{apacite} is loaded and as \verb+\Roman{RomanVolcounter}+ if another +package is loaded that desires this. The example with style-specific +\fname{.bib} files that contain the definitions of journal-strings was already +given in section~\ref{sec:bib} above. However, many users will not go through +all this trouble, and not all problems can be solved in this way. So we have +to realize that not all entries in the \fname{.bib} file will be suitable for +all citation styles. On the other hand, most citation styles and journals are +not as critical as APA journals and many styles in psychology and other social +sciences (including economics) are very similar, so a \fname{.bib} file that +is tailor-made for \pkg{apacite} is likely to be suitable enough for the +styles of most relevant alternative journals. + +Point~\ref{compat2} above is currently not fulfilled. The \pkg{apacite} +citation commands are directly based on those of its immediate predecessor, +\pkg{theapa}. But the use of `\verb+<+' and `\verb+>+' for prefixes is not +used by other packages. The influential \pkg{natbib} package uses \cmd{\citep} +and \cmd{\citet} instead of \cmd{\cite} and \cmd{\citeA}, and uses many more +alternative commands, see section~\ref{sec:compat-natbib} below. The +\pkg{chicago} package uses \cmd{\citeA} instead of \cmd{\citeauthor}, many +``numerical'' citation styles only recognize \cmd{\cite}, and so forth. As +discussed below, I now consider \pkg{natbib} as the standard with which other +packages should comply. Therefore, future versions of \pkg{apacite} will +support the \pkg{natbib} citation commands, but the current version does not +do that. + +I think that points~\ref{compat3} and~\ref{compat4} are not that important. It +seems to me that there is not much wrong with defining a style through a +combination of a \fname{.sty} and \fname{.bst} file, each requiring the other +to work. However, given the possibilities and philosophy of the \pkg{natbib} +package, it would be desirable that \fname{natbib.sty} can be used with +\fname{apacite.bst}. As discussed below, this works to some extent, although +it requires \fname{apacite.sty} to be loaded as well, before +\fname{natbib.sty}. + +Point~\ref{compat5} is very important, especially with other packages that are +complementary to \pkg{apacite} in some sense. It would be very annoying having +to choose between using \pkg{babel} and \pkg{apacite}, or between +\pkg{hyperref} and \pkg{apacite}, etc. These packages serve totally different +purposes, cannot usefully be compared, and are more valuable when they can be +used jointly. The rest of this section addresses this issue for a number of +packages with which compatibility problems are known to exist or have existed. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection{Compatibility of \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{natbib}} +\label{sec:compat-natbib} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The \pkg{natbib} package is a general purpose citation package that is +intended to work with a broad range of \BibTeX{} (and non-\BibTeX{}) styles +that generate the bibliography. The \pkg{natbib} package is quite advanced and +can be used to switch easily between completely different citation styles. +Furthermore, the apparent popularity of \pkg{natbib} has inspired writers of +packages that would otherwise be incompatible with \pkg{natbib} to write code +to resolve these incompatibilities. I will mention some of these packages +below. + +I consider \pkg{natbib} as the \emph{de facto} standard with which +other packages should be compatible. Unfortunately, \pkg{apacite} is still +not entirely compatible with \pkg{natbib}. The main incompatibility is that +different citation commands are used, so that it is not possible to use the +same document with \pkg{natbib} or \pkg{apacite}. + +\pkg{apacite}, building on its predecessors, uses \cmd{\cite} for +parenthetical citations and \cmd{\citeA} for in-text citations, whereas +\pkg{natbib} uses \cmd{\citep} and \cmd{\citet} for these purposes. Moreover, +text that should precede the citation is entered between \verb+<+ and \verb+>+ +marks and text that should follow the citation is entered between square +brackets (\verb+[+ and \verb+]+, i.e., a standard \LaTeX{} optional argument) +in \pkg{apacite}, whereas \pkg{natbib} uses \emph{two} optional arguments +between brackets. If there is one optional argument, \pkg{natbib} interprets +this as text following the citation (just like \pkg{apacite}). If there is +text that should precede the citation, but not text that should follow the +citation, two optional arguments must be used in \pkg{natbib}, the second +being empty. + +Furthermore, both packages have defined some alternative citation commands, +such as \cmd{\citeNP} (\pkg{apacite}) and \cmd{\citealp} (\pkg{natbib}), some +of which serve the same purpose and could therefore be mapped onto each other +easily, but some others have no equivalent in the other package. + +A partial conversion table, listing the main \pkg{apacite} commands and their +(closest) \pkg{natbib} equivalent is given in Table~\ref{tab:APAnatConv}. The +APA requirement and \pkg{apacite} behavior of listing the full author list for +the first citation (if there are at most 5 authors) and the short author list +in subsequent citations is accomplished by loading \pkg{natbib} with the +\pkgoption{longnamesfirst} option. This is assumed in the table. An example of +better APA-like behavior of \pkg{natbib} is that, by using the +\pkgoption{sort} option, \pkg{natbib} is able to sort the references within +the same citation command, as required by the APA manual, whereas +\pkg{apacite} does not have this option yet. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{table}[htp] +\caption{Partial conversion table of the main \pkg{apacite} + citation commands and their (closest) \pkg{natbib} equivalents.} +\label{tab:APAnatConv} +\begin{tabular}{lcl} +\hline +\pkg{apacite} & $\mbox{}\qquad\qquad\mbox{}$ & \pkg{natbib} \\ +\cline{1-1}\cline{3-3} +\cmd{\cite} & & \cmd{\citep} \\ +\cmd{\citeA} & & \cmd{\citet} \\ +\cmd{\citeNP} & & \cmd{\citealp} \\ +\cmd{\citeauthor} & & \cmd{\citeauthor} \\ +\\ +\cmd{\fullcite} & & \cmd{\citep*} \\ +\cmd{\fullciteA} & & \cmd{\citet*} \\ +\cmd{\fullciteNP} & & \cmd{\citealp*} \\ +\cmd{\fullciteauthor} & & \cmd{\citeauthor*} \\ +\\ +\cmd{\shortcite} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citep} \\ +\cmd{\shortciteA} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citet} \\ +\cmd{\shortciteNP} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citealp} \\ +\cmd{\shortciteauthor} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citeauthor} \\ +\\ +\cmd{\citeyear} & & \cmd{\citeyearpar} \\ +\cmd{\citeyearNP} & & \cmd{\citeyear} \\ +\cmd{\nocite} & & \cmd{\nocite} \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{table} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +Many labeling and punctuation commands are also different but similar between +\pkg{natbib} and \pkg{apacite}. I haven't studied the \pkg{natbib} commands +in detail, but will do so in the future. It is my intention to add +\pkg{natbib}-compatible commands to apacite in the future, so that the same +document can be processed either with \pkg{natbib} or with \pkg{apacite}. + +With previous versions of \pkg{apacite}, there used to be some erratic +behavior (error messages and wrong formatting) when the \pkg{natbib} +\LaTeX{} package (\fname{natbib.sty}) was used with the \pkg{apacite} +\BibTeX{} style (\fname{apacite.bst} or \fname{apacitex.bst}). These +problems have now been almost entirely resolved (I believe). + +When you want to use \pkg{natbib} for citation and \pkg{apacite} for the +reference list, you still need to load the \LaTeX{} package \fname{apacite.sty} +(with \cmd{\usepackage}), because of the commands that are included in the +\BibTeX{} output (as defined in section~\ref{sec:custom} above). The +\fname{apacite.sty} file must be loaded \emph{before} \fname{natbib.sty}, +otherwise you will get lots of error messages. I may try to fix that for +a future version of \pkg{apacite}. + +Using \pkg{natbib} for the citations has some advantages over using +\pkg{apacite} for the citations. Apart from the abovementioned sorting +of citations within a single citation command, these are mainly +\pkg{natbib}'s better compatibility with other important packages, +such as \pkg{hyperref}. + +However, \pkg{natbib} does not fully comply with the APA rules. +Known incompatibilities between \pkg{natbib} and the APA rules are: (1) +Multiple adjacent citations with the same author and year are formatted +as ``Johnson, 1991a,b'' by \pkg{natbib}, whereas the APA manual requires +this to be ``Johnson, 1991a, 1991b''; (2) The APA manual requires ``and'' +between authors to be ``and'' in text and ``\&'' in parenthetical citation. + +I could change the \fname{apacite.bst} and \fname{apacitex.bst} \BibTeX{} +style files so that \pkg{natbib} would be ``fooled'' and the first +problem would be resolved. However, this has the drawback of imposing APA +style citations when you request \pkg{natbib} style citations, and you +may actually want the behavior mentioned above. I am only able to provide +one of these possibilities. It would be better to add an option to +\pkg{natbib} with which the desired behavior can be chosen. Thus, you +could try to put pressure on the author of \pkg{natbib} to achieve this. +Alternatively, I might attempt to provide an option to \pkg{apacite} +in the future that controls this behavior of \pkg{natbib}. + +The second incompatibility between \pkg{natbib} and the APA rules mentioned +above occurs because \pkg{apacite} uses the re-definable \cmd{\BBA} +command for this usage of ``and''. With \pkg{natbib}, it is not possible +that \cmd{\BBA} ``knows'' whether it is parenthetical or in-text, so you can +choose only one of these, or you must redefine \cmd{\BBA} explicitly before +each citation. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection{Compatibility of \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{hyperref}} +\label{sec:compat-hyper} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The \pkg{hyperref} package turns (cross-) references into hypertext links. +This can be used in conjunction with a program such as \latextohtml{} to +compose \fname{.html} files with clickable links, to internet pages or within +the same document, or it can be used to create a \fname{.pdf} document with +clickable crossreferences. Evidently, citations are also references. +Therefore, the \pkg{hyperref} package transforms these into hypertext links as +well, and needs to redefine the citation commands and reference list commands +in order to do so. These redefinitions are incompatible with redefinitions of +the citation commands by \pkg{apacite}. + +Similar problems occur between \pkg{hyperref} and \pkg{natbib}, and some code +is included in both packages, which jointly resolves these incompatibilities. +In order to make \pkg{apacite} compatible with \pkg{hyperref}, similar code +should be developed and included in \pkg{apacite}. + +An attempt to achieve this can be tried through the \pkgoption{hyper} option +of \pkg{apacite}. This activates some code provided by Ross Moore (thanks, +Ross) that makes \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{hyperref} work together to some +extent. However, different things go wrong depending on the order in which the +two packages are loaded. + +If the \pkg{hyperref} package is loaded \emph{after} \pkg{apacite}, different +citations with the same author(s) and year do not work well: \pkg{hyperref} +suppresses the ``a'', ``b'', etc., so ``(Johnson, 1991a)'' becomes ``(Johnson, +1991)'', which is undesirable. If the \pkg{hyperref} package is loaded +\emph{before} \pkg{apacite}, this problem does not occur, but the citations in +the text do not link to the reference list anymore. + +The following problems are independent of the order of loading: +(1) Citations of the form ``(Author, year1, year2)'', i.e., with multiple + references to the same author(s) in the same citation command are not + recognized as such and are thus formatted as ``(Author, year1; Author, + year2)''; +(2) If the \cmd{\url} command from the \pkg{url} package is used for internet + addresses (e.g., for retrieval information in the reference list), line + breaks are not inserted within the address, even if it's way too long for + the line, and ``\verb+#+'' characters in the internet address are not + processed well, see the discussion of the \pkg{backref} package below. + +Because of these known problems, the \pkgoption{hyper} option is not executed +by default (the \pkgoption{nohyper} option is), but if you find the advantages +more important than the disadvantages, you can request this option. Note that +you should load the \pkg{hyperref} package yourself, this is not done by +\pkg{apacite}. Thus, you can choose the order in which to load the packages. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection{Compatibility of \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{backref}} +\label{sec:compat-backref} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The \pkg{backref} package adds to each entry in the bibliography a list +of pages (or sections) on which it is referenced. Hence, it serves as +an alternative to an author index, in which not the entries themselves +are backreferenced, but the authors of these entries, see +section~\ref{sec:autindex}. Note that \pkg{natbib} offers yet another +possibility, viz.\ the citations in the standard index, or a separate +citation index, see the \pkg{natbib} documentation. In my opinion, +the \pkg{backref} way of indexing the page numbers of the citations +is more logical. Moreover, it is more condensed as well. + +Obviously, the \pkg{backref} package has to change the citation commands +and reference list to be able to do its backreferencing. +Because \pkg{apacite} redefines these as well, they are conflicting +to some degree. A similar compatibility problem between \pkg{backref} +and \pkg{natbib} was noticed by the author of \pkg{backref}. Therefore, +\pkg{backref} contains some code to make it compatible with \pkg{natbib}. +This code has been adapted for \pkg{apacite} and incorporated in +\pkg{apacite}. Thus, \pkg{backref} as a standalone package has been made +compatible with \pkg{apacite}. The drawback of this solution is that if +changes are made in the \pkg{backref} package, this may result in new +incompatibilities with \pkg{apacite} unless \pkg{apacite} is changed as +well. Whether, and if so, when, this will occur will be a question for +the future. + +Ex.~74 of the APA manual references an internet address that contains a +``\verb+#+''. This leads to an error with \pkg{backref} and when entered +through, \LaTeX{} inserts ``\verb+##+'' in the output instead of ``\verb+#+''. +This will not occur often in practice, but unfortunately occurs in the +mentioned example, which might give the impression that it is an \pkg{apacite} +bug, but it is not an \pkg{apacite} problem or even a compatibility problem, +but a \pkg{backref} problem. I had to use some nasty code in the current +document (\fname{apacite.tex}) to have the bibliography entry of this +reference formatted correctly when \pkg{backref} is loaded. When you +encounter this problem, you can use this code. + +Apart from being a standalone package, \pkg{backref} can also be +combined with \pkg{hyperref}. It is then not loaded separately, +but through the \pkgoption{backref} or \pkgoption{pagebackref} +option of the \pkg{hyperref} package. In this case, the backreferences +become hypertext links. See the discussion of the \pkg{hyperref} +package above. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection{Multiple bibliographies} +\label{sec:compat-chapterbib} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The \pkg{chapterbib} package allows separate bibliographies for separate +chapters of a book, or, technically, separate \cmd{\include}d files. To work +properly, it needs some small changes to the citation package, which are +clearly described in the \pkg{chapterbib} documentation. These changes have +been incorporated in \pkg{apacite}, and therefore \pkg{apacite} is compatible +with \pkg{chapterbib}. + +It is generally advisable not to use the \pkgoption{sectionbib} option of +\pkg{chapterbib}, because this redefines \cmd{\thebibliography}, which +interferes with the redefinition by \pkg{apacite}. You can use the +\pkgoption{sectionbib} option of \pkg{apacite} to accomplish that the +bibliography or bibliographies are sections, rather than chapters. + +Moreover, \pkg{apacite} is configured such that it takes a section as default +if it is in the main matter (signified by \cmd{\mainmatter}) of the document. +In the back matter (\cmd{\backmatter}) the bibliography is put in a chapter. +This is also the case if \cmd{\chapter} is defined but \cmd{\mainmatter} not. +(Is this possible? Perhaps for reports?) Consequently, the +\pkgoption{sectionbib} option is only useful in specific circumstances. The +\pkgoption{nosectionbib} forces the bibliography to be a chapter, provided +\cmd{\chapter} is defined. (I figured a \pkgoption{chapterbib} option would be +a bit confusing, so I stuck with \pkgoption{nosectionbib}.) + +The \pkg{bibunits} package is an alternative to \pkg{chapterbib}. It allows a +greater flexibility in choosing the scope of a bibliography (chapter, section, +or arbitrarily defined part of the document). I haven't tested it thoroughly, +but it seems like there are no compatibility problems between \pkg{apacite} +and \pkg{bibunits}. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\subsection{Programs for conversion to html, rtf, etc.} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +There are several programs that convert \LaTeX{} files to other types +of files, most notably html and rtf. This may, for example, be useful if you +want to publish your document on the internet or if you are requested to send +a ``Word'' file to a journal. I have received reports that \latextohtml{} +and \LaTeXrtf{} do not handle documents that use \pkg{apacite} well. +Therefore, I have studied these programs. + +\latextohtml{} is a \Perl{} program that converts a \LaTeX{} input +file into one or more \fname{.html} files, so that a document that is prepared +with \LaTeX{} can be used as a (user-friendly) internet document. For papers, +lecture notes, and transparencies of classes, I always convert the +\fname{.dvi} file output by \LaTeX{} to a \fname{.pdf} file (through the +\pkg{dvipdfm} program), which can be read by most people, e.g., using the +\pkg{Adobe Reader} program or browser plug-in. I find \fname{.pdf} files +more convenient, because I can download a whole paper or presentation +with a single click and then print it and read it when and where I desire, +whereas typical examples of conversions to \fname{.html} use many +\fname{.html} files, which can only be conveniently read from the computer +screen when and where you're connected to the internet. Nevertheless, I can +imagine that someone would like to convert a document to \fname{.html}, e.g., +because it loads faster and reads easier from the screen, because for some +documents most people will have to use only a small part and can easier browse +or search through it, or just because you want to make a home page and do not +want to learn the html-language. + +Similarly, \LaTeXrtf{} is a standalone program that converts a \LaTeX{} +document to \fname{.rtf} format, which can be read by most word processors. +This may be convenient if you (a \LaTeX{} user) want to share a document with +someone who does not work with \LaTeX{}, or as mentioned above, if you are +required to send a ``Word'' file to a journal. + +Both \latextohtml{} and \LaTeXrtf{} implement \LaTeX{} macros etc.\ in +another programming language (\latextohtml{}: \Perl{}; \LaTeXrtf{}: C) and +process the \fname{.tex} files directly. This design implies that the +conversion program must know the definitions of all \LaTeX{} macros that +are used. A drawback of this design is that essentially the same code has +to be written in different programming languages (\LaTeX{} macros for the +\fname{.sty} file, \Perl{} for \latextohtml{}, and C for \LaTeXrtf{}), but +typically with some adaptations specific for the application at hand. + +With \LaTeXrtf{}, the \LaTeX{} macros that it is able to process are included +in the C source code that is compiled. Consequently, no user additions are +possible in principle. However, the source code is freely available, so if you +define a \LaTeX{} macro, you could adapt \LaTeXrtf{}'s source code and +recompile \LaTeXrtf{}. It is obvious that this is very inconvenient, +especially if \LaTeX{} macros are defined differently for different styles or +if they are defined differently in different parts of the same document. + +Version~1.9.15 and higher of \LaTeXrtf{} contains some support for +\pkg{apacite}, but lags a few versions of \pkg{apacite} behind and thus +doesn't work with recent versions of \pkg{apacite}. Moreover, even if this +would be fixed, e.g., because I (or you) send patches to the \LaTeXrtf{} +authors, this wouldn't do justice to the flexibility of \pkg{apacite}, i.e., +its customization options. + +In contrast with this, \latextohtml{} allows the possibility to supply +external \Perl{} scripts. If \latextohtml{} encounters a +\cmdtwo{usepackage}{package} command in the document, it attempts to read the +corresponding \opt{package}\fname{.perl} \Perl{} script. \latextohtml{} is +shipped with many such \Perl{} scripts. There is not one for \pkg{apacite}, +but there is one for \pkg{natbib}, which could possibly be adapted for +\pkg{apacite}. Alternatively, you could use the \pkg{natbib} citation commands +and use the \pkg{natbib} package, which should work. This will become more +straightforward when, in a future version, \pkg{apacite} also supports the +\pkg{natbib} citation commands. Then the \fname{natbib.perl} script may +possibly be copied to \fname{apacite.perl} without having to adapt much. +However, I have never studied \Perl{}, and I do not particularly like the +idea of having to learn that language for this purpose, so it is not very +likely that in the near future \latextohtml{} will work well with +\pkg{apacite}. + +Note, however, that the design with the \Perl{} scripts has the advantage +that, if you customize the usage of \pkg{apacite} by writing your own +\fname{.sty} file that renews the definitions of some macros, you can also +supply a corresponding \Perl{} script, so that your customizations are +processed. + +An alternative to both \latextohtml{} and \LaTeXrtf{} is \TeXht{}. This is +a collection of programs and style files that convert \LaTeX{} to +various formats, such as html, xml, and OpenOffice format. If you have +OpenOffice, the latter can be used to convert to Word (or rtf) format. +The principle of \TeXht{} is to let \LaTeX{} do most of the formatting and +processing of commands, and do the conversion at low-level \TeX{} commands. +In this way, all newly defined commands and user-defined changes are +automatically supported. This even carries over to redefinitions of macros +in the middle of a document. However, for some specific purposes, there are +some additional things that must be arranged. Therefore, \TeXht{} contains a +large list of \fname{.4ht} files that are necessary to support various +\LaTeX{} packages. One of these is the \fname{apacite.4ht} file. The main +purpose of this file is to make citations into hyperlinks to the corresponding +entries in the reference list. Currently, this only works partially, but +the citation text itself is formatted correctly, so this is only a +relatively minor inconvenience. But, of course, it would be better if this +would work perfectly. I suspect that this issue is related to the problems +with the compatibility of \pkg{apacite} with \pkg{hyperref}, and can be +solved in the same way. I intend to study this issue in the near future and +hope to solve this for a future version (although, technically, it is a +\TeXht{} problem and not an \pkg{apacite} problem). + +The choice of which converter to use will typically not (only) depend on how +good it works in conjunction with \pkg{apacite}. Furthermore, apart from the +converters mentioned above, there are several additional converters that I +haven't studied at all. I will only study them if I receive reports about +incompatibility and even then it is far from certain that I will be willing or +able to fix the problems. It would be very demanding if I would have to define +the \pkg{apacite} commands in a large number of programming languages for a +large number of different converters. Because I prefer the design of \TeXht{} +and because this converter seems to work best at the moment, I will give a +bit more attention to this one. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Generating an author index} +\label{sec:autindex} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The \pkg{apacite} package contains an option to (almost) automatically +generate an author index. This is done by using the \fname{apacitex.bst} +\BibTeX{} style file instead of \fname{apacite.bst} and loading the +\fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package with one of the \pkgoption{index}, +\pkgoption{stdindex}, \pkgoption{tocindex}, or \pkgoption{emindex} options. In +that case, the \pkg{apacite} package automatically loads the \pkg{index} +package that supports multiple indexes, so that you can have a subject index +as well as an author index. Consequently, the \pkg{index} package must be +available in a directory that is read by \LaTeX{}. If a subject index is +desired, it must be defined by the user, it is not defined by \pkg{apacite}. +See the manual of the \pkg{index} package on how to do this. A default author +index \emph{is} defined by \pkg{apacite}. The author index is then requested +by putting +\begin{verbatim} +\printindex[autx] +\end{verbatim} +at the point in the \LaTeX{} document where the index is supposed to appear. +To include the author index in the processed document, the following sequence +must be followed: First, \LaTeX{}, which puts citation entries in the +\fname{.aux} file. Second, \BibTeX{}, which generates the bibliography in the +\fname{.bbl} file. Third, \LaTeX{} (at least) twice, which puts index entries +in a \fname{.adx} file, Fourth, \MakeIndex{}, which uses the \fname{.adx} file +as input and puts the formatted index in a \fname{.and} file, which can be +processed by \LaTeX{}. So, if the main document is \fname{filename.tex}, then +\MakeIndex{} must be called as follows: +\begin{verbatim} +makeindex -o filename.and filename.adx +\end{verbatim} +although the command with which the \MakeIndex{} program must be called may on +some systems be slightly different, e.g., \fname{makeinde} or +\fname{makeindx}. Furthermore, several additional options may be chosen on the +\MakeIndex{} command line. Fifth, run \LaTeX{} again, which (finally) includes +the formatted author index in the \fname{.dvi} file. + +The \pkg{apacite} package provides some options to change the appearance of +the index somewhat. With the \pkgoption{index} option, the indexing facility +is turned on, but the \cmd{theindex} environment is not explicitly (re)defined +by \pkg{apacite}. This means that this environment is defined just like in the +\pkg{index} package, unless it is overridden by the \pkgoption{tocindex} or +\pkgoption{emindex} options or redefined by the user or another package that +is loaded. + +The \pkgoption{stdindex} option explicitly uses the definition of the +\cmd{theindex} environment that is defined in the \pkg{index} package +[1995/09/28 v4.1beta Improved index support (dmj)]. +With this definition, the index does not appear in the table of contents. With +the \pkgoption{tocindex} option, this definition is augmented with a table of +contents entry. Finally, with the \pkgoption{emindex} option, there are some +alternative definitions. It writes a table of contents entry as well, but the +index itself is now set in two columns using the \pkg{multicol} package +instead of the \cmd{\twocolumn} command, the text of the index is set in small +type, and the page head is not put in uppercase. + +When a table of contents entry is desired, another additional \LaTeX{} run is +required to obtain the table of contents with the author index included. In +exceptional cases, such as the current document, the extra line in de table of +contents may cause the text to be moved as well, so that it may be necessary +to run \MakeIndex{} a second time, followed by yet another \LaTeX{} run. + +The definitions of the index discussed apply to all indexes in the document, +so to, e.g., the subject index as well as the author index. Finally, the +formatting of the index itself can be changed by writing a \fname{.ist} file +containing the preferred options. \MakeIndex{} should then be called with the +filename of this index style file after a ``\verb+-s+'' option on the command +line, so, e.g., +\begin{verbatim} +makeindex -s mystyle.ist -o filename.and filename.adx +\end{verbatim} +The \MakeIndex{} documentation discusses the possible options that can be put +into the \fname{.ist} file. + +If you process the file \fname{apacite.tex} in the way discussed above (look +at the instructions in the \fname{README} file), it becomes clear that the +author index is almost as desired, but there are a few exceptions. First, I +can imagine that you would not want corporate authors, such as ``American +Psychological Association'', in the author index, but only human authors. I +haven't (yet) figured out a way to do this (semi-) automatically, so this has +to be done manually by editing the \fname{.bbl} file, see below. + +Second, serious problems occur with cases such as ``Bender, J.~{(Director)}.'' +and ``Bulatao, E.~{(with Winford, C. A.)}.''. Obviously, the description +``{(Director)}.'' should not be in the index and Winford should not be listed +as part of Bulatao, but as a separate author. These problems are caused by the +``tricks'' I used to make \BibTeX{} format them correctly in the reference +list, see section~\ref{sec:xmpl} below. They can also be manually solved by +editing the \fname{.bbl} file as discussed below. + +The author index does not contain entries for the authors Shocked and +Goodenough (as well as several corporate authors) as cited in text, although +it does for the reference list part, because the \fieldname{key} field was +used for the citations. If you use the \fieldname{key} (and +\fieldname{firstkey}) field and you want the authors in the author index as +well, you have to include the index command \verb+\protect\AX+ explicitly. For +example, the ``tricked'' \fieldname{key} field for Michelle Shocked is +\begin{verbatim} + key = {{\protect\bibsong{Shocked}{1992}{Over the + Waterfall}{track~5}}}, +\end{verbatim} +and if we change this into +\begin{verbatim} + key = {{\protect\bibsong{Shocked\protect\AX{shocked m + @Shocked, M.}}{1992}{Over the Waterfall}{track~5}}}, +\end{verbatim} +then citations to her are included in the author index. The \cmd{\AX} command +will be discussed below. + +Summarizing, the author indexing part works very well for most commonly +encountered cases. However, it does not work (entirely) correctly if special +measures need to be taken to get them formatted correctly in \BibTeX{} +(citations, reference list). + +An easy solution to incorrect formatting and/or sorting in the author index is +to edit the \fname{.bbl} file manually. This should be done at a time when +\BibTeX{} will not have to be run again. Otherwise, the changes would be +overwritten by the next \BibTeX{} run. This editing of the \fname{.bbl} file +is not in the \TeX-spirit, but in my experience --- I used it for two books +with lots of references \cite{meijer1998,WaMe00}, with a previous version of +\pkg{apacite} that caused many more problematic cases --- this takes very +little time, usually only minutes (compare that with the time spent on writing +a book, or with the time that would be necessary to manually make an author +index). + +The connection between the \fname{.bbl} file and the author index is through +\cmd{\AX} commands that are entered by \fname{apacitex.bst} in the +\fname{.bbl} file. These are responsible for the author indexing facilities. +By looking at the contents of the \fname{.bbl} file, some changes that lead to +correct formatting are immediately obvious. For example, the entry for Bender +is generated by the following lines: +\begin{verbatim} +\protect\AX{bender jdirector +@Bender, J.~{\bibliteral{(Director)}}.}}{% +\end{verbatim} +It is immediately clear that this can be changed to +\begin{verbatim} +\protect\AX{bender j +@Bender, J.}}{% +\end{verbatim} +Then, this author will be placed and formatted correctly in the author index. +Note that \pkg{apacite} uses the \opt{key}\verb+@+\opt{visual} form of +indexing. This form is used in \MakeIndex{} to distinguish between the actual +representation in the index and the place where it should occur. The \opt{key} +is used by \MakeIndex{} to sort the entry, but the entry actually appearing in +the index is \opt{visual}. In the \opt{key} part as formatted by +\pkg{apacite}, all names are in lower case letters and all accents and +punctuation are removed. Furthermore, \pkg{apacite} inserts \emph{two} spaces +between surname and initials, and to \MakeIndex{}, two spaces are different +from one space. Spaces between surnames are removed, as well as spaces between +initials. + +The correct author index could also be accomplished by editing the final +\fname{.and} file, which contains the final formatted author index. However, +it is more convenient to edit the \fname{.bbl} file, which is usually +``final'' in a much earlier stage. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Known problems, things to be done, etc.} +\label{sec:todo} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +With any kind of software, there is usually a list with known problems (bugs) +and desirable future work (to-do), and \pkg{apacite} is no exception. These +subjects will be discussed in this section. + +A class of problems was already discussed in section~\ref{sec:compat} above. +This concerns the incompatibility of the \fname{.bib} file with other citation +styles, through \pkg{apacite}-specific fields, APA-specific contents of +fields, or through special tricks. These lead to correctly formatted +references in APA style, but may cause problems with using the \fname{.bib} +file with other styles (in case APA journals reject your article~\ldots). As +discussed there, however, this problem is unavoidable and presumably not a +very big problem to most users. + +An incomplete list of other known problems and things that I would +like to do with \pkg{apacite} is: +\begin{itemize} +\item Sort entries within a single citation command. The \pkg{natbib} + package already offers this option; +\item Swap (optionally?) the order of closing quotes and various other + punctuation marks (\verb+.,;!?+) in a citation, for articles where + there is no named author and the title (between quotes) takes the + role of the author; +\item If a work is authored by someone, ``with'' someone else: This + currently must be tricked in a nonelegant way. Perhaps I can + think of a better solution. +\item Add the \fieldname{address} field for \entryname{lecture} entries. + In the current version, the address is part of the description of + the meeting in the \fieldname{howpublished} field, but it makes + sense to disentangle these; +\item Give explicit support for citation to the Bible and other + ``classic'' works and the \emph{DSM}; +\item Give explicit support for music recordings in \entryname{incollection} + entries; +\item Study referencing legal materials (Appendix~D of the APA manual); +\item Define \BibTeX{} macros or strings for commonly encountered + journals (at least the APA journals); +\item Support \pkg{natbib} citation commands (\cmd{\citet}, \cmd{\citep}, + etc.); +\item Improve and extend language support; +\item Make a \pkg{doc}/\pkg{docstrip} version, so that the whole suite + consists of a \fname{.dtx} file containing all code, documentation, + and test documents, and a \fname{.ins} file that extracts the various + desired files from the \fname{.dtx} file. +\end{itemize} +Quite likely, other problems will come up when using the current version of +\pkg{apacite}, but at least I got it working on the APA manual examples, see +section~\ref{sec:xmpl} below. I have lots of ideas for improvements, +extensions, options, etc., but not much time to devote to it. Therefore, it is +difficult to give a good estimate of when I will release a new update. +However, in the meantime, if you have questions, remarks, suggestions, or bug +reports, you can e-mail them to me. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Examples of the APA manual} +\label{sec:xmpl} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +In this section, the \pkg{apacite} package is tested by citing the examples of +the APA manual (5th ed., pp.~207--281), and some additional references for +additional purposes. + +The following list gives the examples from chapter~3 of the APA manual, with +section number. For these and all later examples, whenever I thought it +necessary or desirable, I added some comments. These are indicated by the \EM{} +symbol. Especially for later examples (from chap.~4), the comments frequently +pertain to the corresponding reference list entry. + +\begin{itemize} +\item[3.94] \citeA{3.94-1} compared reaction times\\ + In a recent study of reaction times \cite{3.94-1}\\ + In \citeyearNP{3.94-1} \citeauthor{3.94-1} compared + reaction times\\ + In a recent study of reaction times, \citeA{3.94-1} + described the method\ldots. \citeauthor{3.94-1} also found +\item[3.95] \citeA{3.95-1} found\\ + \citeA{3.95-1} found\\ + \citeauthor{3.95-1} found\\ + \fullcite{3.95-2} and \fullcite{3.95-3}\\ + \citeA{3.95-2} and \citeA{3.95-3}\\ + \EM It seems that if ``et al.'' would refer to one additional + author, then this author is named instead of the ``et al.'' + clause.\\ + \citeA{3.95-4} and \citeA{3.95-5}\\ + as \citeA{3.95-6} demonstrated\\ + \EM The comma after ``Nightlinger'' in the reference list + does not look right, but is explicitly required by the APA. + Of course, with people as authors, + one almost always has initials (although I have seen + an example of an econometrician who only had + one name), so this problem is not likely to occur. + With nicknames (``screen names'' as they are called in the + APA manual below ex. 85) in messages to newsgroups, initials + are typically missing, but then there is usually (always?) + only one author, so the problem does not exist either. + The problem can, however, come up when there are two authors, + the first of which is a corporate author, or with artists, + e.g., the song ``Into the Groove'' is written by + Madonna and Stephen Bray. (But perhaps the APA would want + Madonna to be referred to as ``Ciccone, M.'').\\ + as has been shown \cite{3.95-7} +\item[3.96] \cite{3.96-1}\\ + \cite{3.96-1}\\ + \cite{3.96-2}\\ + \EM For this document, I defined the \cmd{\bibcorporate} + macro, which indicates that the author is a corporate + author. The way it is used now only has the effect that + in the reference list, the name is treated as a whole, + and not as a firstname-lastname combination. My idea is + to think of a way to define this macro such that it is + able to suppress inclusion of the corporate author in the + author index, but I have not succeeded in this. + Note, however, that this is not part of \pkg{apacite}, but + part of the trick box of the user.\\ + \EM If the \fieldname{firstkey} field is different + and the \fieldname{key} field is the same, then, analogous + to the use of extra authors in 3.95 above, \pkg{apacite} + uses the \fieldname{firstkey} field for all citations:\\ + \citeA{3.96-3}, \citeA{3.96-4}, \citeA{3.96-5}, \citeA{3.96-6};\\ + \citeA{3.96-3}, \citeA{3.96-4}, \citeA{3.96-5}, \citeA{3.96-6}.\\ + Although this is a constructed example, these organizations + really exist. The ``Koninklijke Nederlandse Schaakbond'' + is the Royal Dutch Chess Association and the + ``Koninklijke Nederlandse Schaatsbond'' is the Royal Dutch + Skating Association. Both are abbreviated to KNSB and + presumably, both publish an annual report each year. +\item[3.97] on free care \cite{3.97-1}\\ + \EM The order of the + closing quotes and the comma is different from the + APA manual. I think this one is more logical, although the + APA manual's is the conventional one, presumably for + aesthetic reasons. I hope to implement this in a future + version.\\ + the book \citeA{3.97-2}\\ + \cite{3.97-3}\\ + \EM If two articles both have no author and the title and + the year are the same, a's and b's should be used: + \citeA{3.97-4}, \citeA{3.97-5}, and \citeA{3.97-6}. + The latter two entries are correctly sorted by month, + through the way the month macros are defined in + \fname{apacitex.bst}. +\item[3.98] \citeA{3.98-1} and \citeA{3.98-2} also found\\ + \citeA{3.98-3} and \citeA{3.98-4} studied +\item[3.99] Past research \cite{3.99-1,3.99-2}\\ + Past research \cite{3.99-3,3.99-4,3.99-5}\\ + Several studies + \cite{3.99-6,3.99-7,3.99-8,3.99-9,3.99-10,3.99-11}\\ + Several studies \cite{3.99-12,3.99-13,3.99-14}\\ + \EM \pkg{apacite} does not (yet?) sort the cited + references in the text (of course it does for the reference + list), as required by the APA manual.\\ + (\citeNP{3.99-15}; see also \citeNP{3.99-16,3.99-17})\\ + \EM Note that I had to use \cmd{\citeNP} here. +\item[3.100] \cite{3.100-1}\\ + \EM This is not an example, but a rule in the text. + The ``\bibnodate'' is handled by the \cmd{\bibnodate} + macro. It is not clear whether it is really meant that the + in-text form is \citeauthor{3.100-1}, \citeyearNP{3.100-1} + or the more logically consistent \citeA{3.100-1}. + The former can (currently) only be accomplished by using + \cmd{\citeauthor} and \cmd{\citeyearNP} explicitly, + whereas the latter is simply obtained by \cmd{\citeA}.\\ + \cite{3.100-2}\\ + \citeA{3.100-3} + + \EM For citations to the bible, I defined a \cmd{\biblecite} + command and several obvious variations on it. For example:\\ + \cmd{\bibleciteA}, first cite: \bibleciteA{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\ + \cmd{\bibleciteA}, second cite: \bibleciteA{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\ + \cmd{\biblecite}, first cite: \fullbiblecite{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\ + \cmd{\biblecite}, second cite: \biblecite{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\ + (\cmd{\bibleciteNP}, first cite: + \fullbibleciteNP{1 Cor.\ 13:1} and some text surrounding it)\\ + (\cmd{\bibleciteNP}, second cite: + \bibleciteNP{1 Cor.\ 13:1} and some text surrounding it)\\ + \EM Here, there probably should be a comma if it's the first + cite and not a comma when it's a later cite. A difficult one.\\ + \EM Are there other ``classical works'' that should be treated + like this? If so, which and how? +\item[3.101] \cite[p.~332]{3.101-1}\\ + \cite[chap.~3]{3.101-2}\\ + \EM If you like, you can use the \pkg{apacite}-defined + abbreviation commands \verb+\BPG+ and \verb+\BCHAP+.\\ + \cite[\P~5]{3.101-3}\\ + \cite[Conclusion section, para.~1]{3.101-4} +\item[3.102] \EM Personal communication is not really citation and should + be done manually:\\ + T.~K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001)\\ + (V.-G. Nguyen, personal communication, September 28, 1998) +\item[3.103] \cite<see Table~2 of>[for complete data]{3.103-1} +\end{itemize} + +\noindent +Chapter~4 of the APA manual deals with the reference list +and only mentions some in-text citation issues in passing. +Therefore, the rest mainly requires a lot of moving back and forth +between the reference list and this part. I start with the +more ``general'' part, sections 4.01--4.15, presented similar to +the sections from chapter~3 as presented above. +\begin{itemize} +\item[4.04] \EM First, some examples mentioned in the text:\\ + \citeA{4.04-t1}, + \citeA{4.04-t2}, + \citeA{4.04-t3}, + \citeA{4.04-t4}, + \citeA{4.04-t5}, + \citeA{4.04-t6}, + \citeA{4.04-t7}, + \citeA{4.04-t8}, + \citeA{4.04-t9}\\ + \EM The APA manual states that prefixes must be treated + according to the rules of the language of origin. These rules + can differ a lot between languages (and countries) and it + is impossible to know all these rules. The APA manual gives two + examples, one in which ``De Vries'' is treated as the surname, + and one in which ``Helmholtz'' is the surname and ``von'' is + the ``von'' part of the name. + + In the former case, the author is referred to as, say, ``De Vries + (1999)'' in text and ``De Vries, J. (1999).'', alphabetized under + ``D'' in the reference list. In the second example, the author is + referred to as, say, ``Helmholtz (1870)'' and listed in the + reference list as ``Helmholtz, H. L. F. von. (1870).'', + alphabetized under ``H''. To get this right, the author must be + defined as +\begin{verbatim} + author = {H. L. F. von Helmholtz}, +\end{verbatim} + or +\begin{verbatim} + author = {von Helmholtz, H. L. F.}, +\end{verbatim} + then \BibTeX{} will assign the correct parts to the first names, + ``von''-part, and last name. The seemingly logical +\begin{verbatim} + author = {Helmholtz, H. L. F. von}, +\end{verbatim} + will not be formatted correctly, because ``von'' is now + considered to be part of the first names and therefore + abbreviated to ``v.''. + + Below, under example B-2, I will further discuss some + issues about ``von'' parts. + + \EM The APA manual requires that numerals are alphabetized + as if they were spelled out. This is not done by \pkg{apacite}, + so when applicable should be done by the user, e.g.\ by using + the \cmd{\SortNoop} command as defined in + \citeA[p.~404]{LaTeXcomp}. I give one fictitious example + \cite{4.04-t10}. + + \citeA{4.04-1}\\ + \citeA{4.04-2}\\ + \citeA{4.04-3}\\ + \citeA{4.04-4}\\ + \citeA{4.04-5}\\ + \citeA{4.04-6}\\ + \citeA{4.04-7}\\ + \citeA{4.04-8}\\ + \citeA{4.04-9}\\ + \citeA{4.04-10}\\ + \citeA{4.04-11}\\ + \citeA{4.04-12}\\ + \citeA{4.04-13}\\ + \citeA{4.04-14}\\ + \EM I have not (yet?) studied referencing legal materials. + In the first version of \pkg{apacite}, I defined a + \entryname{literal} type, so that the users can + literally format such entries themselves. However, + I think that if you need to refer to legal cases, you + can find a way to use the \entryname{misc} type to get + it right. I might study this and give examples in a + next version of \pkg{apacite}. +\item[4.05] \citeA{4.05-1}\\ + \nocitemeta{4.05-2}\citeA{4.05-2}\\ + \EM Here I used the \cmd{\nocitemeta} command to let + \pkg{apacite} know that a meta-analysis is reported and this + work is included in it. As you can see, you can still cite + the work by using the normal citation commands such as + \cmd{\citeA}. +\item[4.08] \citeA{4.08-1}\\ + \citeA{4.08-2}\\ + \citeA{4.08-3}\\ + \EM I used the \verb+\bibliteral+ construction, + which echoes its argument literally, to obtain the + ``(with \ldots)'' description in the reference list. However, + to \BibTeX{}, this is not a description, but a complicated + accented character which is the second initial of the author. + Consequently, this does not work properly with styles that put + the initials \emph{before} the surnames, and care must be + exercised with ``junior'' parts (see ex. 70). Furthermore, + this construction must be put between a pair of + braces in order for \BibTeX{} to treat it as an accented letter. +\item[4.09] \citeA{4.09-1} +\item[4.10] \citeA{4.10-1}\\ + \citeA{4.10-2} +\item[4.11] \citeA{4.11-1}\\ + \citeA{4.11-2}\\ + \EM Note that in the \fname{.bib} file, the ``junior'' part comes + directly after the surname and a comma, with the initials + after the ``junior'' part, whereas in the formatted + reference list, the more logical order \opt{surname}, + \opt{initials}, \opt{junior}, is used. +\item[4.12] \citeA{4.12-1} +\item[4.13] \citeA{4.13-1}\\ + \EM ``For substantial reference works with a large editorial + board, naming the lead editor followed by \texttt{et al.} is + acceptable''. This is now implemented in \pkg{apacite} as + follows: If there are 7 or more editors, only the first one + is named, followed by ``et al.'' \cite{4.13-2}.\\ +\item[4.15] \citeA{4.15-1}\\ + \EM I used the \cmd{\url} command from the \pkg{url} + package to format internet addresses. This command, however, + breaks addresses at different positions than the APA requires + (in particular, \emph{after} a dot and \emph{before} the + double slashes). Furthermore, I used a construction + through a \verb+\bibnodot{.}+ expression, which swallows + the dot, to prevent \BibTeX{} from adding a period + after the internet address.\\ + \citeA{4.15-2} +\end{itemize} + +\noindent +The rest is from section 4.16, the examples section. The section number +is omitted, but A--I are used instead for the unnumbered examples. For +the numbered examples, only the number is given. + +The following enumerated list gives the example number, and +the two basic in-text citation commands, both in a full and +short form, of the examples. +\begin{enumerate} +\item[A-1] \cite{A-1} \\ \cite{A-1} \\ \fullciteA{A-1} \\ \citeA{A-1} +\item \cite{ex1} \\ \cite{ex1} \\ \fullciteA{ex1} \\ \citeA{ex1} +\item \cite{ex2} \\ \cite{ex2} \\ \fullciteA{ex2} \\ \citeA{ex2} +\item \cite{ex3} \\ \cite{ex3} \\ \fullciteA{ex3} \\ \citeA{ex3} +\item \cite{ex4} \\ \cite{ex4} \\ \fullciteA{ex4} \\ \citeA{ex4}\\ + \cite{ex4-2} \\ \cite{ex4-2} \\ \fullciteA{ex4-2} \\ \citeA{ex4-2}\\ + \EM Note that the list of authors can be finished with + ``\verb+and others+'' if there are more than 6 authors, or + all authors can be given, in which case \pkg{apacite} truncates + the list after the first 6. For compatibility with other styles, + the latter is preferable. +\item \cite{ex5} \\ \cite{ex5} \\ \fullciteA{ex5} \\ \citeA{ex5} +\item \cite{ex6} \\ \cite{ex6} \\ \fullciteA{ex6} \\ \citeA{ex6} +\item \cite{ex7} \\ \cite{ex7} \\ \fullciteA{ex7} \\ \citeA{ex7}\\ + \EM Here, I used +\begin{verbatim} + month = {Spring}, +\end{verbatim} + which is perfectly fine to \BibTeX{}. +\item \cite{ex8} \\ \cite{ex8} \\ \fullciteA{ex8} \\ \citeA{ex8}\\ + \EM Here, again, the order of the closing quotes and the + following comma should be reversed according to the APA rules. +\item \cite{ex9} \\ \cite{ex9} \\ \fullciteA{ex9} \\ \citeA{ex9}\\ + \EM Here, again, the order of the closing quotes and the + following comma should be reversed according to the APA rules. +\item \cite{ex10} \\ \cite{ex10}\\ \fullciteA{ex10}\\ \citeA{ex10} +\item \cite{ex11} \\ \cite{ex11}\\ \fullciteA{ex11}\\ \citeA{ex11}\\ + \EM Apparently, a weekly newspaper is not a magazine and should + therefore include ``p.'' or ``pp.'' in front of the page + number(s), whereas a magazine article should not. I do not + understand the distinction very well and find it not very + useful as well, but will adhere to it. It means that the + \entryname{newspaper} type gets the ``pp.'', whereas + \entryname{magazine} and \entryname{article}, which are now + identical, do not. +\item \cite{ex12} \\ \cite{ex12}\\ \fullciteA{ex12}\\ \citeA{ex12}\\ + \EM Here, \verb+\emph{DSM-IV}+ must be entered without an extra + pair of braces in the title field, see ex.~73 for the intricacies + of braces and \verb+\emph+ in the title field. +\item \cite{ex13} \\ \cite{ex13}\\ \fullciteA{ex13}\\ \citeA{ex13} +\item \cite{ex14} \\ \cite{ex14}\\ \fullciteA{ex14}\\ \citeA{ex14} +\item \cite{ex15} \\ \cite{ex15}\\ \fullciteA{ex15}\\ \citeA{ex15} +\item \cite{ex16} \\ \cite{ex16}\\ \fullciteA{ex16}\\ \citeA{ex16} +\item \cite{ex17} \\ \cite{ex17}\\ \fullciteA{ex17}\\ \citeA{ex17}\\ + \EM This case is the opposite of the more common situation where a + reprint is cited and an original publication year is given. I could + implement similar code to handle this case (and I may if I get requests + to do this), but for the moment, I decided to trick the system: I + defined a macro \cmd{\bibreftext} which must be called with two + arguments. Initially, it places the second argument in the text, but + just before the bibliography, its definition is changed so that the + first argument is placed in the reference list. By defining +\begin{verbatim} + year = {{\protect\bibreftext{1992}{1992/1993}}}, +\end{verbatim} + in the \fname{.bib} file, the year is ``1992'' in the reference + list and ``1992/1993'' in the text citations. The \cmd{\protect} + is necessary to make sure that the \cmd{\bibreftext} macro is not + written out in the label-part of the bibliography, because then + only ``1992'' would appear in the text reference. The additional + pair of braces are necessary to make sure that the entry + is alphabetized correctly. When these are omitted, the entry + is alphabetized under the ``P'' of ``protect''. Of course, the + latter is only important if the reference list contains + multiple works by the same author(s), but the same phenomenon + is encountered when the \fieldname{author} or \fieldname{editor} + field starts with a command, or when there is no author or editor + and the \fieldname{title} field starts with a command, as in + the entry \citeA{4.04-t10} introduced in 4.04 above. + + Of course, you can save yourself a lot of trouble by + obtaining the original article and citing that. +\item \cite{ex18} \\ \cite{ex18}\\ \fullciteA{ex18}\\ \citeA{ex18} +\item \cite{ex19} \\ \cite{ex19}\\ \fullciteA{ex19}\\ \citeA{ex19} +\item \cite{ex20} \\ \cite{ex20}\\ \fullciteA{ex20}\\ \citeA{ex20} +\item \cite{ex21} \\ \cite{ex21}\\ \fullciteA{ex21}\\ \citeA{ex21}\\ + \EM Apparently, a translator and original publication date + do not have to be mentioned here. +\item Seidenberg and McClelland's study \cite<as cited in>{ex22}\\ + %\cite{ex22} \\ \cite{ex22}\\ \fullciteA{ex22}\\ \citeA{ex22} +\item[B-1] \cite{B-1} \\ \cite{B-1} \\ \fullciteA{B-1} \\ \citeA{B-1} +\item \cite{ex23} \\ \cite{ex23}\\ \fullciteA{ex23}\\ \citeA{ex23} +\item \cite{ex24} \\ \cite{ex24}\\ \fullciteA{ex24}\\ \citeA{ex24}\\ + \EM The APA manual gives a number, which would not ordinarily be + done with proper books and which suggests that it could also + be treated as a report. In that case, the default ``Tech. Rep.'' + description should be left out, however. This can be accomplished + by defining +\begin{verbatim} + type = {\bibnotype}, +\end{verbatim} + which flags that the type must be left out, see example 42. + However, for books, it now works fine leaving the \fieldname{type} + field empty and giving the number in the \fieldname{number} field. +\item \cite{ex25} \\ \cite{ex25}\\ \fullciteA{ex25}\\ \citeA{ex25}\\ + \EM According to the note after ex.~25 in the APA manual, + an edited book with ``just one'' author should list + the editor (and translator, when available) after the + title, just like the translator. An example of this is + \citeA{ex25-t1}. (Should the original years of publication + be used here?) + + However, what does ``just one author'' mean here? Does it mean that if + there are 2 authors and 1 or more editors, the editors should + not be mentioned, or the authors should not be mentioned? + Presumably, it means the following: + In the default case, an edited book consists of several chapters, + with different chapters written by different authors. In this case, + the reference to the whole book lists only the editor(s). + If every chapter is written by the same author, and there are 1 + or more editors, their condition holds. I think that if all + chapters are written by the same $n$ ($\geq 2$) authors, it should + also be treated in this way, i.e., with the authors in the + author position and the editor behind the title. A difficult + case would appear if the book were a collection of works of, say, + 2 authors, with some chapters written by one and some by the + other, and some jointly, as in \citeA{ex25-t2}. These choices have + to be made by the user, however, \pkg{apacite} will format author, + editor, and translator, whenever available. +\item \cite{ex26} \\ \cite{ex26}\\ \fullciteA{ex26}\\ \citeA{ex26}\\ + \EM According to section~3.97, the title should be in italics. + In this example, in the citation, it is not given in italics, + but this must be an error, because they do give it in italics + on p.~219 (but give no date there). +\item \cite{ex27} \\ \cite{ex27}\\ \fullciteA{ex27}\\ \citeA{ex27} +\item \cite{ex28} \\ \cite{ex28}\\ \fullciteA{ex28}\\ \citeA{ex28} +\item \EM I defined a \verb+\DSMcite+ macro and some related + alternatives to get the \emph{DSM} references right:\\ + \cmd{\DSMcite}, first citation: \DSMcite{ex29} \\ + \cmd{\DSMcite}, second citation: \DSMcite{ex29} \\ + \cmd{\DSMciteA}, first citation: \DSMfullciteA{ex29} \\ + \cmd{\DSMciteA}, second citation: \DSMciteA{ex29} \\ + \cmd{\DSMciteNP}, first citation: \DSMfullciteNP{ex29} \\ + \cmd{\DSMciteNP}, second citation: \DSMciteNP{ex29} \\ + \EM Actually, these macros are not related to the \emph{DSM} at all, + except that they are defined to handle these. These macros + act as a normal citation the first time a \emph{DSM} is + referenced and all subsequent times as a suitably formatted + \cmd{\citeauthor}. So the only difference with ordinary + citations is that the year is left out the second and later + times. By defining +\begin{verbatim} + firstkey = {{American Psychiatric Association}}, + key = {{\APACcitebtitle{DSM-IV}}}, +\end{verbatim} + using the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} macro introduced before, + the \emph{DSM} citations are correctly formatted. + However, the \cmd{\DSM*} macros are still very rough. Multiple + citations are not handled well, so only one work should + be cited with such a macro. Furthermore, the pre- and + postfixes (through \verb+<...>+ and \verb+[...]+) are not + available. + + \EM The following two are for testing the ordering (sorting) + in \BibTeX{} and \MakeIndex{} \cite{ex29-2,ex29-3}. + +\item \cite{ex30} \\ \cite{ex30}\\ \fullciteA{ex30}\\ \citeA{ex30}\\ + \EM Here, ``6th ed.'' comes before ``Vols.\ 1--20'', so it is + Vols.\ 1--20 of the 6th edition. \pkg{apacite} now uses this + order. Pre-[2003/09/05] versions placed volumes before editions, + which is appropriate when different volumes of a series + are not updated jointly, so that you may have the 3rd edition + of Vol.~2, but only the 1st edition of Vol.~6. Should you + want this, you have to trick the system by putting both + elements in the \fieldname{edition} field: +\begin{verbatim} + edition = {\BVOLS\ 1--20, 6th}, +\end{verbatim} + and leaving the \fieldname{volume} field empty.\\ + \EM Does the remark about large editorial boards mean that the + APA intended to add ``et al.'' here? Anyway, here is an example + of such a situation: \citeA{ex30-2}. +\item \cite{ex31} \\ \cite{ex31}\\ \fullciteA{ex31}\\ \citeA{ex31} +\item \cite{ex32} \\ \cite{ex32}\\ \fullciteA{ex32}\\ \citeA{ex32} +\item \cite{ex33} \\ \cite{ex33}\\ \fullciteA{ex33}\\ \citeA{ex33} +\item[B-2] \cite{B-2} \\ \cite{B-2} \\ \fullciteA{B-2} \\ \citeA{B-2} \\ + \EM This is a suitable point to discuss ``von'' parts further. + One of the editors in the current example is called + P. van den Broek. I am Dutch and I recognize this as a Dutch + name, so let's assume that this person is Dutch. Let us now + consider the situation that this person is the (only) author. + Then according to the Dutch rules, this person would be listed in the + reference list as ``Broek, P. van den. (1992)'' and listed under ``B'', + but referred to in the text as ``Van den Broek (1992)'', including + the ``von'' part and capitalizing the first letter. When an + initial precedes the ``von'' part (e.g., when there are two + primary authors with this surname, but with different initials), + then this person would be referred to in the text as + ``P. van den Broek (1992)'', including the ``von'' part, but now + in lower case. The Dutch rules are very difficult to do right in + \BibTeX{}/\LaTeX{} and they conflict with the rules for other + languages, and presumably with the rules of the APA, which would + require this person to be alphabetized under ``V'', at least. + + For the current editor position, there is no big problem with + the APA rules. The ``von'' part can really be put in the ``von'' + part as recognized by \BibTeX{}, which I did, or it can be enclosed + in braces, making the whole last name one part. Either will come + out right and the editor will not be referred to in the text + anyway. With styles that put the initials behind the surname, + it will only work right when put in the ``von'' part. In the + author position, however, things are different. Then this author + could be formatted as +\begin{verbatim} + author = {Van {\lowercase{D}}en Broek, P.}, +\end{verbatim} + where the \verb+{\lowercase{D}}+ construction is used to prevent + \BibTeX{} from interpreting it as a ``von'' part, or +\begin{verbatim} + author = {Van{\ }den{\ }Broek, P.}, + author = {{Van den Broek}, P.}, +\end{verbatim} + which in most situations gives the correct version according to the + Dutch rules with the correct alphabetizing according to the APA + rules. Only in situations when the initial would appear + \emph{before} the surname (when there are other authors with the + same surname or when using other styles), this would lead to + unwanted results. + + If you really want to alphabetize according to the Dutch rules + (which is \emph{not} APA in my interpretation), you can use the + following trick. Define a macro \verb+\Dutchvon+ with + two arguments which is equivalent to the \verb+\bibreftext+ + macro discussed in ex.~17 above. That is, in the beginning + of the document, it is defined as echoing its second argument, + and just before the reference list, it is redefined to echo + its first argument. Then define the author as +\begin{verbatim} + author = {van den {\protect\Dutchvon{Broek}{Van den Broek}}, P.}, +\end{verbatim} + which, combined with the \pkg{apacite} formatting implies + that in text, ``Van den Broek'' is used, whereas the author + is alphabetized under ``B'' in the reference list, and listed + as ``Broek, P. van den''. Of course, we could simply have + used \verb+\bibreftext+ again, but that was used to cover a + completely different situation, and I can easily imagine that + when switching to another citation style, the former application + (i.e., 1992/1993) must be kept, but the ``von'' part is handled + differently, so that \verb+\Dutchvon+ must be redefined. + Based on this example, users should be able to define their + own tricks for similar peculiarities. + + Finally, note that in Belgium, where many people + speak Dutch as well, it is customary to alphabetize under ``V'' + anyway (``Van Damme''). +\item \cite{ex34} \\ \cite{ex34}\\ \fullciteA{ex34}\\ \citeA{ex34} +\item \cite{ex35} \\ \cite{ex35}\\ \fullciteA{ex35}\\ \citeA{ex35} +\item \cite{ex36} \\ \cite{ex36}\\ \fullciteA{ex36}\\ \citeA{ex36}\\ + \EM I had to use some tricks to get the Series and Volume Editors' + descriptions right. The ``(Series Ed.)'' is according to + \BibTeX{} part of the last name of the first editor, + and I used a \verb+\bibeditortype+ macro to get the volume + editor right. The \verb+\bibeditortype+ macro has one argument. + The macro changes the definitions of the macros \verb+\BED+ and + \verb+\BEDS+ to the argument and then immediately changes the + definitions back to their old definitions. So it makes a one-time + change. + + It seems to me that only mentioning the + volume editor as ``editor'' would be sufficient, but the APA + requires both. It raises the question when series editors + should be mentioned: only if the specific volume in the + series is itself an edited work (as with this handbook), + or also with books that are published in a series. Many books + are published in some series, with one or more series editors + and I have never seen any mentioning of the series editors of + such books, but it is not clear to me when this should be done + then. +\item \cite{ex37} \\ \cite{ex37}\\ \fullciteA{ex37}\\ \citeA{ex37} +\item \cite{ex38} \\ \cite{ex38}\\ \fullciteA{ex38}\\ \citeA{ex38} +\item \cite{ex39} \\ \cite{ex39}\\ \fullciteA{ex39}\\ \citeA{ex39}\\ + \EM Here, it is stated that the translator's name should be put + after the editor's name when both are different, but in example + 40, the translators are put after the title, before the editors. + Apparently, if the book is a collection of works by one + author(-group), edited and translated, then the translator + should come after the editor, but if different chapters + are translated by different translators, or perhaps not all + are translated works, then the translator should come after + the title. Of course, \pkg{apacite} has no way of knowing this. + In the current implementation, for an \entryname{incollection}, + if the editor and translator are the same, they are formatted as + in this example, whereas if they are different, they are treated + as in example 40 below. I think this will be satisfactory in + most cases. If you really want the translator after the editor + when they are different, you can trick the system in a way + similar to example 36. +\item \cite{ex40} \\ \cite{ex40}\\ \fullciteA{ex40}\\ \citeA{ex40}\\ + \EM See my comments to example 39 above. +\item[C-1] \cite{C-1} \\ \cite{C-1} \\ \fullciteA{C-1} \\ \citeA{C-1} +\item \cite{ex41} \\ \cite{ex41}\\ \fullciteA{ex41}\\ \citeA{ex41} +\item \cite{ex42} \\ \cite{ex42}\\ \fullciteA{ex42}\\ \citeA{ex42}\\ + \EM I used the \cmd{\bibnotype} construction discussed + in example~24 to suppress the default ``(Tech.\ Rep.{})'' + description. Actually, I don't think there is anything wrong with + calling a report a report, be it ``technical'' by default, or by + specifying +\begin{verbatim} + type = {Report}, +\end{verbatim} + except that it's not done so in this specific example in the + APA manual. But there does not seem to be a rule against it. +\item \cite{ex43} \\ \cite{ex43}\\ \fullciteA{ex43}\\ \citeA{ex43} +\item \cite{ex44} \\ \cite{ex44}\\ \fullciteA{ex44}\\ \citeA{ex44} +\item \cite{ex45} \\ \cite{ex45}\\ \fullciteA{ex45}\\ \citeA{ex45} +\item \cite{ex46} \\ \cite{ex46}\\ \fullciteA{ex46}\\ \citeA{ex46}\\ + \EM Note that in the example in the APA manual, ``Western Australia'' + \emph{is} mentioned in the publisher location, whereas their rule + explicitly states that this should not be the case in this + situation, and they stress that again below the example. + Therefore, I did not mention ``Western Australia'' in the + \fieldname{publisher} field. +\item \cite{ex47} \\ \cite{ex47}\\ \fullciteA{ex47}\\ \citeA{ex47} +\item \cite{ex48} \\ \cite{ex48}\\ \fullciteA{ex48}\\ \citeA{ex48} +\item \cite{ex49} \\ \cite{ex49}\\ \fullciteA{ex49}\\ \citeA{ex49} +\item \cite{ex50} \\ \cite{ex50}\\ \fullciteA{ex50}\\ \citeA{ex50} +\item \cite{ex51} \\ \cite{ex51}\\ \fullciteA{ex51}\\ \citeA{ex51} +\item \cite{ex52} \\ \cite{ex52}\\ \fullciteA{ex52}\\ \citeA{ex52} +\item \cite{ex53} \\ \cite{ex53}\\ \fullciteA{ex53}\\ \citeA{ex53} +\item \cite{ex54} \\ \cite{ex54}\\ \fullciteA{ex54}\\ \citeA{ex54} +\item \cite{ex55} \\ \cite{ex55}\\ \fullciteA{ex55}\\ \citeA{ex55}\\ + \EM It seems logical to suppress the original year if it's the + same as the year of the abstract. + + \EM According to example 54 and the text below it, an ``A'' + or ``B'' should be added to the volume number of \emph{DAI} + of this entry, presumably an ``A'', but because they did not + give one, I left it out as well. +\item \cite{ex56} \\ \cite{ex56}\\ \fullciteA{ex56}\\ \citeA{ex56} +\item \cite{ex57} \\ \cite{ex57}\\ \fullciteA{ex57}\\ \citeA{ex57} +\item \cite{ex58} \\ \cite{ex58}\\ \fullciteA{ex58}\\ \citeA{ex58} +\item \cite{ex59} \\ \cite{ex59}\\ \fullciteA{ex59}\\ \citeA{ex59} +\item \cite{ex60} \\ \cite{ex60}\\ \fullciteA{ex60}\\ \citeA{ex60} +\item \cite{ex61} \\ \cite{ex61}\\ \fullciteA{ex61}\\ \citeA{ex61}\\ + \EM The description of the data goes into the + \fieldname{type} field. It may be more logical to put it + in the \fieldname{title} field, with some trickery to indicate + that it's a description and not a title, but putting it in the + \fieldname{type} field already ensures that it's formatted + correctly, so I think I'm gonna be lazy on this one. The same + applies more or less to reviews (G-1, 63, 64), although there + it is logical to put at least ``Review'' in the \fieldname{type} + field, so as we're already there, we might as well make it + complete. +\item \cite{ex62} \\ \cite{ex62}\\ \fullciteA{ex62}\\ \citeA{ex62} +\item[G-1] \cite{G-1} \\ \cite{G-1} \\ \fullciteA{G-1} \\ \citeA{G-1}\\ + \EM See my comments to example 61 above about the logic of the + \fieldname{type} field. For a review, the \fieldname{type} + field must contain the message that it is a review of a + \emph{book} (or motion picture, or whatever it is a review of) + and give the title of the reviewed work in italics, which must + be manually formatted, e.g., by using the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} + macro. The author of the reviewed work should apparently not be + mentioned. +\item \cite{ex63} \\ \cite{ex63}\\ \fullciteA{ex63}\\ \citeA{ex63} +\item \cite{ex64} \\ \cite{ex64}\\ \fullciteA{ex64}\\ \citeA{ex64} +\item \EM The rules for movies, television series, etc.\ do not appeal + very much to me, although they are not nearly as bad as those + for music recordings (ex.~69 and further, see below). My + primary objection is that when referring to movies and TV series, + the title is the most important characteristic. The director + may be a good second in some cases, but producers and writers are + almost always unknown to the general public and not relevant + when referring to them. You talk about the movie \emph{Jaws} + and not about Spielberg (1975) or whoever wrote the script. + Recognizing the primary creative input or authorship may be + politically correct, but not particularly informative. + However, you may think that my objections are mainly + driven by the difficulties of trying to format the entries + in \BibTeX{}. Anyway, here are my attempts to implement + the APA rules.\\ + \cite{ex65-1} \\ \cite{ex65-1}\\ \fullciteA{ex65-1}\\ \citeA{ex65-1} \\ + \cite{ex65-2} \\ \cite{ex65-2}\\ \fullciteA{ex65-2}\\ \citeA{ex65-2} \\ + \EM Note that this and the following ``Available from'' must be between + parentheses (accomplished by putting it in the \fieldname{note} field), + whereas ``Available from'' some web site must not be between + parentheses, cf.\ ex.~95 (accomplished by putting it in the + \fieldname{howpublished} field). + + \EM Here I also used the \cmd{\bibliteral} construction again, which + was introduced in my discussion of 4.08 above. + Furthermore, I used the \cmd{\bibskipbracenodot} + macro, which suppresses the period after the closing + brace after ``(Producer)''.\\ + \cite{ex65-3} \\ \cite{ex65-3}\\ \fullciteA{ex65-3}\\ \citeA{ex65-3}\\ + \EM Here, I simply let ``(Producer)'' be part of the author name, + but because of this addendum, the entry is not sorted correctly + in the reference list: It should be before \citeA{APAManual}, + but because of the addendum, the authors are different to \BibTeX{} + and this one comes after \citeA{APAManual}. I don't see an easy + solution to this (presumably extremely rare) problem. Therefore, + in such a case, the \fname{.bbl} file should be edited manually. +\item \cite{ex66} \\ \cite{ex66}\\ \fullciteA{ex66}\\ \citeA{ex66} \\ + \EM Here, I used the same tricks as in example 65. +\item \cite{ex67} \\ \cite{ex67}\\ \fullciteA{ex67}\\ \citeA{ex67} \\ + \EM I used several tricks introduced before: the \cmd{\bibeditortype} + (cf.\ ex.~36) construction to be able to use ``(Producer)'' in + the editor position instead of ``(Ed.)'', and the ones used + in the previous examples. Because there is another Miller as well, + the initial is given here. To make sure that \BibTeX{} thinks + that there is only one initial, but the ``(Producer)'' is formatted + correctly, the name is defined as follows: +\begin{verbatim} + editor = {Miller, {\bibliteral{R\protect\bibeditortype{Producer}}}}, +\end{verbatim} + It is then formatted correctly both in the text and in the reference + list if \cmd{\bibeditortype} is defined to swallow its argument + in the text, and redefined prior to the bibliography. After the + bibliography (before the index), it has to be redefined again + to swallow its argument. However, it leads to two different entries + in the author index, so if you're requesting an author index, + you still have to edit the \fname{.bbl} file manually, as with + all such types of ``authors'' or ``editors''. +\item \cite{ex68} \\ \cite{ex68}\\ \fullciteA{ex68}\\ \citeA{ex68}\\ + \EM Again, I used several tricks that were also used in the previous + examples. +\item \EM The rules for music recordings do not make any sense, and they + are not entirely clear as well. It would seem to me that + most pop, rock, and other ``light'' music songs are almost always + attributed to the performing artist. You can usually read who the + composer and lyricist of the song are on the inlay-details + of the CD, but if you want the reader to refer to ``My Way'', + the reader will easier find it (in a CD store or on the + internet, for example) under ``Frank Sinatra'' than under + the composer's name (whoever that may be). Furthermore, the + year of release of the CD (or other medium) seems more relevant + in referring to the CD than the year of copyright of the + specific song, or the recording date. + + For classical music, things are different. Then, the writer (composer) + is usually more important than the performing artist, although + the percentage of people who know who wrote the lyrics for + Mozart's operas may not be high. Furthermore, it may be + time-consuming and not very relevant for most authors and + readers to find the year in which a certain piece was written, + although strictly speaking, we should use the ``date of copyright'', + which is not relevant for a lot of classical music. + + However, when referring to Beethoven's 9th symphony, say, it will + typically not be very informative to refer to a specific recording on a + specific CD, unless that specific recording is the subject of interest, + but then it would seem that the ``performing artist'' (conductor or + orchestra) should take the role of ``author''. For example, when + comparing a performance of this symphony conducted in 1975 by Masur with + a performance of this symphony conducted in 1990 by Bernstein (assuming + this exists), it does not seem logical to compare ``9th Symphony'' + (Beethoven, 1823a, tracks~1--4) with ``9th Symphony'' (Beethoven, 1823b, + tracks~1--4), but more logical to compare Masur (1975) with + Bernstein (1990). + + Finally, it seems a bit strange that the track number should be + mentioned in text, but not in the reference list. + + Again, you may think that my objections are mainly + driven by the difficulties of trying to format the entries + in \BibTeX{}. Nevertheless, here are my attempts to implement + the APA rules.\\ + \begin{tabular}{ll} + \verb+\citeAsong+: & \citeAsong{ex69-1} \\ + \verb+\citesong+: & \citesong{ex69-1} \\ + \verb+\citesongNP+: & \citesongNP{ex69-1}\\ + \verb+\citeAsong+: & \citeAsong{ex69-2} \\ + \verb+\citesong+: & \citesong{ex69-2} \\ + \verb+\citesongNP+: & \citesongNP{ex69-2} + \end{tabular}\\ + \EM I defined and used several macros, i.e., \verb+\citesong+ + and some variations. These cite a song as required by the APA + (except for the relative placement of closing quotes and comma). + For that, the \fieldname{key} field (and possibly \fieldname{firstkey}) + should contain the relevant information in the form of a protected + \verb+\bibsong+ command: +\begin{verbatim} + key = {{\protect\bibsong{author}{year}{song title}{track info}}}, +\end{verbatim} + Furthermore, I used some tricks to get the reference list + entry right. I used the \entryname{incollection} type as + a basis, with the CD title in the \fieldname{booktitle} field. + At first sight, it seems natural to define +\begin{verbatim} + type = {CD}, +\end{verbatim} + but with an \entryname{incollection}, the \fieldname{type} + field is put after the title, not after the book title. + I plan to change this for music-types (CD, record, etc.), + but this is currently not yet implemented. This means that the + ``[CD]'' description must be put in the \fieldname{booktitle} + field, after the CD title and with explicit formatting + commands: +\begin{verbatim} + booktitle = {Arkansas Traveler {\upshape[\uppercase{CD}]}}, +\end{verbatim} + On the other hand, we can now use the \fieldname{type} + field to put the recording artists in for the second example: +\begin{verbatim} + type = {Recorded by G. Bok, A. Mayo, \& E. Trickett}, +\end{verbatim} + We have to change the ``In'' string to ``On'' + (``In'' a book versus ``On'' a CD). This is done with a + macro similar to the \verb+\bibeditortype+ macro discussed + in example 36. In this case, the macro is \verb+\bibInstring+, + which has one argument. The macro changes the definition of + the macro \verb+\BIn+ to the argument and then immediately changes + the definition back to the old definition. So it makes a one-time + change. Of course, the \verb+\bibInstring+ macro only works + if it is executed \emph{before} the \verb+\BIn+ macro. The latter + macro comes before the \fieldname{booktitle}, so + \verb+\bibInstring+ must be added to a field that comes before + that. I put it in the \fieldname{title} field: +\begin{verbatim} + title = {Over the Waterfall{\bibInstring{\BOn}}}, +\end{verbatim} + where \verb+\BOn+ is defined by default as ``\BOn''. + Finally, the recording date of the second example (1990) must + be put in the \fieldname{note} field. + + Note that this is all trickery within the \LaTeX{} domain + and the \fname{.bib} file, i.e., the user-definable and + user-customizable area. +\item \cite{ex70} \\ \cite{ex70}\\ \fullciteA{ex70}\\ \citeA{ex70} +\item \cite{ex71-1} \\ \cite{ex71-1}\\ \fullciteA{ex71-1}\\ \citeA{ex71-1} \\ + \cite{ex71-2} \\ \cite{ex71-2}\\ \fullciteA{ex71-2}\\ \citeA{ex71-2} \\ + \EM Here and in almost all remaining examples, the + ``Retrieved \ldots'' message must be put in the + \fieldname{howpublished} field if it refers to an internet + address or aggregated database. See the discussion of 4.15 + above for the use of \verb+\url+ and \verb+\bibnodot{.}+. +\item \cite{ex72} \\ \cite{ex72}\\ \fullciteA{ex72}\\ \citeA{ex72} +\item \cite{ex73} \\ \cite{ex73}\\ \fullciteA{ex73}\\ \citeA{ex73} \\ + \EM Note that the APA manual breaks a line \emph{after} a + period instead of before. I take it that it's not very + detrimental to use slightly different line breaking through + the \pkg{url} package. Furthermore, the APA manual uses a + typeface in which `1' (one) and `l' (ell) are not distinguishable. + This requires some guessing of the correct url's. I think that this + conflicts with their own stress on accuracy w.r.t.\ url's. + + \EM Note the subtle use of braces to get \emph{Homo sapiens} + correctly formatted: The capital in \verb+\emph{Homo}+ + is retained by \BibTeX{}, whereas the capital in + \verb+{\emph{Sapiens}}+ is changed into a lower case letter + by \BibTeX{}, because of the extra pair of braces. +\item \cite{ex74} \\ \cite{ex74}\\ \fullciteA{ex74}\\ \citeA{ex74}\\ + \EM As mentioned in section~\ref{sec:compat-backref}, I had + to use some nasty code in the current document to have the + bibliography entry of this reference formatted correctly + when \pkg{backref} is loaded. +\item \cite{ex75} \\ \cite{ex75}\\ \fullciteA{ex75}\\ \citeA{ex75} +\item \cite{ex76} \\ \cite{ex76}\\ \fullciteA{ex76}\\ \citeA{ex76} +\item \cite{ex77} \\ \cite{ex77}\\ \fullciteA{ex77}\\ \citeA{ex77} +\item \cite{ex78} \\ \cite{ex78}\\ \fullciteA{ex78}\\ \citeA{ex78} +\item \cite{ex79} \\ \cite{ex79}\\ \fullciteA{ex79}\\ \citeA{ex79} +\item \cite{ex80} \\ \cite{ex80}\\ \fullciteA{ex80}\\ \citeA{ex80} +\item \cite{ex81} \\ \cite{ex81}\\ \fullciteA{ex81}\\ \citeA{ex81} +\item \cite{ex82} \\ \cite{ex82}\\ \fullciteA{ex82}\\ \citeA{ex82} +\item \cite{ex83} \\ \cite{ex83}\\ \fullciteA{ex83}\\ \citeA{ex83} \\ + \EM Here and in the next example, both ``Paper presented \ldots'' + and ``Retrieved \ldots'' must be put in a single + \fieldname{howpublished} field. +\item \cite{ex84} \\ \cite{ex84}\\ \fullciteA{ex84}\\ \citeA{ex84} +\item \cite{ex85} \\ \cite{ex85}\\ \fullciteA{ex85}\\ \citeA{ex85} \\ + \EM When referring to a message to a newsgroup, internet forum, etc., + use the \entryname{misc} type. Then define +\begin{verbatim} + type = {\bibmessage}, +\end{verbatim} + and use the \fieldname{number} field when relevant. Furthermore, + you should include a description like ``Message posted to ... '' + in the \fieldname{howpublished} field. Then the entry is formatted + correctly: If the message has a number, say 1, it reverts to + ``\verb+[\bibmessage\ 1]+'', i.e., ``[Msg\ 1]'' with the default + definition of \cmd{\bibmessage}. If there is no number, the + type identifier is omitted (because it must be mentioned in the + \fieldname{howpublished} field anyway). In both cases, + however, the title is formatted as an article title, i.e., not + italicized. +\item \cite{ex86} \\ \cite{ex86}\\ \fullciteA{ex86}\\ \citeA{ex86} +\item \cite{ex87} \\ \cite{ex87}\\ \fullciteA{ex87}\\ \citeA{ex87} +\item \cite{ex88} \\ \cite{ex88}\\ \fullciteA{ex88}\\ \citeA{ex88} +\item \cite{ex89} \\ \cite{ex89}\\ \fullciteA{ex89}\\ \citeA{ex89} +\item \cite{ex90} \\ \cite{ex90}\\ \fullciteA{ex90}\\ \citeA{ex90} \\ + \EM Here, ``de Ridder'' may well be a Dutch name. If the APA + manual is serious about its rule to format names as they + should according to the rule of the country of origin, + this name should then be formatted as ``De Ridder''. +\item \cite{ex91} \\ \cite{ex91}\\ \fullciteA{ex91}\\ \citeA{ex91} +\item \cite{ex92} \\ \cite{ex92}\\ \fullciteA{ex92}\\ \citeA{ex92} +\item \cite{ex93} \\ \cite{ex93}\\ \fullciteA{ex93}\\ \citeA{ex93}\\ + \EM Strangely enough, the APA apparently does not find it necessary + to give a retrieval date or more exact publication date for + downloaded software, whereas it does require a retrieval date + for downloaded papers. +\item \cite{ex94} \\ \cite{ex94}\\ \fullciteA{ex94}\\ \citeA{ex94}\\ + \EM The example in the APA manual does not list a date, not even + a ``n.d.''. Given the logic of the APA manual, this seems an error + to me, so I added a ``\verb+\bibnodate+'' in the \fieldname{year} + field, which becomes ``\bibnodate'' in the output. If it would + really be the rule to omit the year, then it is not clear when + a year must be omitted and when not, or replaced by ``n.d.''. + Furthermore, formatting in both the \fname{.sty} file and + the \fname{.bst} file would have to be adapted to anticipate + a missing year. Currently, I assume that there should always + be something that acts like a date (a year, an ``in press'', + or a ``n.d.''). + + \EM To get the version number correctly formatted, I added the + information and the correct formatting to the title field: + \verb+{\upshape(\uppercase{V}ersion~4)}+. A version is a kind + of edition, but it is more difficult to obtain the correct + formatting if the \fieldname{edition} field would be used, + because ``Version'' comes before the number and ``ed.'' after. +\item \cite{ex95} \\ \cite{ex95}\\ \fullciteA{ex95}\\ \citeA{ex95}\\ + \EM Note that here, unlike ex.~44 and ex.~91, + ``U.S.'' is omitted before ``Department of Health and Human + Services''. +\end{enumerate} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% +% Redefine commands that should be different in the bibliography. +\renewcommand{\bibreftext}[2]{#1}% +\renewcommand{\Dutchvon}[2]{#1}% +\renewbibeditortype +\def\bibskipbracenodot{\aftergroup\swallowdot} +% +% Dirty trick: request apacitex.bst if apacite is loaded with one of the +% index options, and request apacite.bst otherwise. +\makeatletter +\if@APAC@index + \bibliographystyle{apacitex}% with index option +\else + \bibliographystyle{apacite}% or without +\fi +\makeatother +% +% Solve the `#' problem of backref, see the backref section above. +% This hack provided by Heiko Oberdiek. +\ifbackrefloaded + \catcode`\#=12\relax +\fi +% +% Include the bibliography +\bibliography{apa5ex} +% +% Reset the above hack. +\ifbackrefloaded + \catcode`\#=6\relax +\fi +% +% Again redefine a command. +\renewcommand{\bibeditortype}[1]{}% +% +% Include the author index if the index option is on. +\printindex[autx] +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\end{document} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% EOF apacite.tex + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/dutch.apc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/dutch.apc new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1624229e010 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/dutch.apc @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% This is file `dutch.apc'.
+%
+% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
+% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
+% -------------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
+% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%
+% \fi
+
+\ProvidesFile{dutch.apc}[2005/06/01]
+
+%% dutch.apc - dutch translation of apacite elements
+%% Written by Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl>
+%%
+%% For compiling the translated elements, the following sources were
+%% used:
+%%
+%% (1) Instructions for Dutch psychology journal "De Psycholoog"
+%% (indicated below as "[DP]"):
+%%
+%% Uitgebreide richtlijnen voor het aanleveren van kopij [Extensive
+%% guidelines for the submission of manuscripts]. (2001).
+%% Retreived January 3, 2005, from
+%% http://upload.lectric.nl/data/nip7/Richtlijnen%20voor%20auteurs.pdf
+%%
+%% (2) Instructions for Dutch psychology journal "Nederlands Tijdschrift
+%% voor de Psychologie en haar Grensgebieden"
+%% (indicated below as "[NTPG]"):
+%%
+%% Aanwijzingen voor auteurs [Directions for authors]. (2004).
+%% Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en haar Grensgebieden,
+%% 59, inside back cover.
+%%
+%% (3) Instructions (pp. 404-410) from the following well-known book
+%% (indicated below as "[SW]"):
+%%
+%% Renkema, J. (2002). Schrijfwijzer [Writing indicator] (4th ed.).
+%% Den Haag, The Netherlands: Sdu.
+%%
+%% These three all state that their rules are adapted from the APA manual.
+%% For translations that are not explicitly mentioned in these sources,
+%% I used the extensive reference list from the following article:
+%%
+%% (4) Schrooten, M. G. S., & Smulders, F. T. Y. (2004). Een experimentele
+%% kijk op angst:
+%% [Anxiety from an experimental point of view: Attention and
+%% automaticity in the processing of threatening stimuli].
+%% Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en haar Grensgebieden,
+%% 59, 135-149.
+%%
+%% Finally, I consulted the following dictionary:
+%%
+%% (5) Groot woordenboek Engels-Nederlands [Large dictionary English-Dutch]
+%% (2nd ed.). (1989). Utrecht, The Netherlands: Van Dale.
+%%
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Commands for specific types of @misc entries.
+%%% These commands are recognized by apacite.bst.
+\renewcommand{\bibmessage}{Bericht}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogram}{Computerprogramma}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogrammanual}{Handleiding van computerprogramma}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual}{Computerprogramma en handleiding}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftware}{Computersoftware}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual}{Handleiding van computersoftware}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}{Computersoftware en handleiding}
+\renewcommand{\bibprogramminglanguage}{Programmeertaal}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Other labels
+\renewcommand{\bibnodate}{z.~j.{}} % [SW] (``zonder jaartal'')
+\renewcommand{\BBAB}{en}
+
+\renewcommand{\BOthers}[1]{et al.{}} % [DP]
+\renewcommand{\BOthersPeriod}[1]{et al.{}} % [DP]
+%% NTPG requires the following, SW allows both variants:
+%\renewcommand{\BOthers}[1]{e.~a.{}} % [NTPG]
+%\renewcommand{\BOthersPeriod}[1]{e.~a.{}} % [NTPG]
+
+\renewcommand{\BIP}{te verschijnen} % [SW]
+\renewcommand{\BIn}{In}
+\renewcommand{\BCHAP}{hfdst.{}}
+\renewcommand{\BCHAPS}{hfdst.{}}
+
+%% Editor(s) is almost impossible to get right in Dutch, because SW
+%% and DP require the translation of ``editor(s)'' to be dependent on
+%% the language in which the referenced work is written:
+%% ``Red.'' (or ``red.'') for referenced works in Dutch
+%% ``Ed.''/``Eds.'' for referenced works in English
+%% ``Hrsg.'' for referenced works in German
+%% ``edt.'' for referenced works in French
+%% NTPG does not give an explicit rule for this, but only an example
+%% in which an English work is referenced and ``Ed.'' is used.
+%%
+%% For the moment, I think it makes most sense to give the Dutch versions here:
+\renewcommand{\BED}{red.{}} % [DP] (SW gives ``Red.'')
+\renewcommand{\BEDS}{red.{}} % [DP] (SW gives ``Red.'')
+
+%% Translators should not be mentioned according to DP.
+%% NTPG does not explain how to format this.
+%% SW gives a completely different format: ``Vertaald door: ''
+%% followed by the name of the translator, or if the translator is unknown:
+%% ``Vertaling van: '' followed by the original title.
+%% This is much too complicated, so I'll choose a simple alternative:
+\renewcommand{\BTRANS}{vert.{}}
+\renewcommand{\BTRANSS}{vert.{}}
+\renewcommand{\BTRANSL}{vert.{}}
+
+\renewcommand{\BCHAIR}{voorz.{}}
+\renewcommand{\BCHAIRS}{voorz.{}}
+
+\renewcommand{\BVOL}{Dl.{}} % [SW]. NTPG gives an example with
+ % ``Vol.'' but this is presumably
+ % dependent on the language of the
+ % referenced work as well.
+\renewcommand{\BVOLS}{Dl.{}} % [SW]
+
+\renewcommand{\BNUM}{nr.{}} % [SW]
+\renewcommand{\BNUMS}{nr.{}} % [SW]
+
+\renewcommand{\BEd}{dr.{}} % [SW]
+\renewcommand{\BPG}{p.{}}
+\renewcommand{\BPGS}{pp.{}} % [SW]. [DP] gives ``p.'', [NTPG] both.
+\renewcommand{\BTR}{Rapport} % Literally translating ``Tech.'' as
+ % ``Technisch'' does not make sense.
+\renewcommand{\BPhD}{Academisch proefschrift}
+ % Schrooten & Smulders use ``dissertatie''
+\renewcommand{\BUPhD}{Academisch proefschrift}
+ % There is no Dutch ``DAI'' and the
+ % distinction between ``published'' and
+ % ``unpublished'' would generally be
+ % interpreted as ``published as a book
+ % with an official publisher'' vs.
+ % ``privately published''. All PhD theses
+ % in the Netherlands are required to be
+ % published with an ISBN number.
+ % Therefore, it is better in my view to
+ % keep the same term here.
+\renewcommand{\BMTh}{Doctoraalscriptie}%
+\renewcommand{\BUMTh}{Doctoraalscriptie}% Again, there is no official forum
+ % to publish abstracts of master's theses,
+ % but, unblike PhD theses, they are
+ % (generally) unpublished.
+ % The term used here refers to the Dutch
+ % educational system until ca. 2003.
+ % Since ca. 2004, universities are
+ % gradually converting to a bachelor -
+ % master system, so it's likely that
+ % this term will have to be adapted
+ % in the near future.
+\renewcommand{\BOWP}{Oorspronkelijke editie}% [DP]. They also require the
+ % original title after the originalyear.
+\renewcommand{\BREPR}{Overgenomen uit}
+
+\renewcommand{\refname}{Literatuur}% [DP & NTPG]
+\renewcommand{\bibname}{Literatuur}% [DP & NTPG]
+ % SW gives the following general names:
+ % ``Literatuuropgave'' [literally approx. ``Literature specification'']
+ % ``Literatuurlijst'' [literally ``Literature list'']
+ % For more specific applications, SW gives the following names:
+ % ``Bibliografie'' [``Bibliography'', ``a more or less complete survey
+ % of publications in a certain area'']
+ % ``Geraadpleegde literatuur'' [``Consulted literature'']
+ % ``Aangehaalde literatuur'' [``Referenced literature'']
+
+\renewcommand{\APACmetaprenote}{%
+ Met een asterisk gemarkeerde referenties betreffen studies die in de
+ meta-analyse zijn gebruikt.}
+
+\renewcommand{\authorindexname}{Auteursindex}
+
+\newcommand{\BCBT}{} % [DP & SW]. NTPG uses the US/APA comma.
+\newcommand{\BCBL}{} % [DP & SW]. NTPG uses the US/APA comma.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/english.apc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/english.apc new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b173155000a --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/english.apc @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% This is file `english.apc'.
+%
+% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
+% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
+% -------------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
+% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%
+% \fi
+
+\ProvidesFile{english.apc}[2005/06/01]
+
+%% english.apc - dummy english version of apacite elements
+%% Written by Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl>
+
+%% NOTE! NOTE! NOTE! NOTE!
+%% If you use this as a template for other languages,
+%% don't forget to uncomment the commands!
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Commands for specific types of @misc entries.
+%%% These commands are recognized by apacite.bst.
+%\renewcommand{\bibmessage}{Msg}
+%\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogram}{Computer program}
+%\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogrammanual}{Computer program manual}
+%\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual}{Computer program and manual}
+%\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftware}{Computer software}
+%\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual}{Computer software manual}
+%\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}{Computer software and manual}
+%\renewcommand{\bibprogramminglanguage}{Programming language}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Other labels
+%\renewcommand{\bibnodate}{n.d.{}} % ``no date''
+%\renewcommand{\BBAB}{and} % between authors in text
+%\renewcommand{\BOthers}[1]{et al.{}} % ``others'', the argument contains a
+ % dot to suppress an additional one
+ % in the reference list
+%\renewcommand{\BOthersPeriod}[1]{et al.{}}% ``others'', the argument contains
+ % a dot to suppress an additional one
+ % in the reference list. The difference
+ % with \BOthers is that, if another
+ % string is used to define \BOthers,
+ % this one should always finish with a
+ % period and the previous one not
+ % necessarily (e.g., if explicit
+ % ``others'' is used).
+%\renewcommand{\BIP}{in press} % used as year for in-press citations
+%\renewcommand{\BIn}{In} % for ``In '' editor...
+%\renewcommand{\BCHAP}{chap.{}} % chapter
+%\renewcommand{\BCHAPS}{chap.{}} % chapters
+%\renewcommand{\BED}{Ed.{}} % editor
+%\renewcommand{\BEDS}{Eds.{}} % editors
+%\renewcommand{\BTRANS}{Trans.{}} % translator
+%\renewcommand{\BTRANSS}{Trans.{}} % translators
+%\renewcommand{\BTRANSL}{trans.{}} % translation, for the year field
+%\renewcommand{\BCHAIR}{Chair} % chair of symposium
+%\renewcommand{\BCHAIRS}{Chairs} % chairs
+%\renewcommand{\BVOL}{Vol.{}} % volume
+%\renewcommand{\BVOLS}{Vols.{}} % volumes
+%\renewcommand{\BNUM}{No.{}} % number
+%\renewcommand{\BNUMS}{Nos.{}} % numbers
+%\renewcommand{\BEd}{ed.{}} % edition
+%\renewcommand{\BPG}{p.{}} % page
+%\renewcommand{\BPGS}{pp.{}} % pages
+%\renewcommand{\BTR}{Tech.\ Rep.{}} % (default) technical report type name
+%\renewcommand{\BPhD}{Doctoral dissertation}
+ % (default) PhD thesis type name
+%\renewcommand{\BUPhD}{Unpublished doctoral dissertation}
+ % (default) unpublished PhD thesis
+ % type name
+%\renewcommand{\BMTh}{Master's thesis}% (default) master's thesis type name
+%\renewcommand{\BUMTh}{Unpublished master's thesis}%
+ % (default) unpublished
+ % master's thesis type name
+%\renewcommand{\BOWP}{Original work published}
+%\renewcommand{\BREPR}{Reprinted from}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% The name (heading) of the Reference List
+%\renewcommand{\refname}{References}% Name of ref. list if it's a section.
+%\renewcommand{\bibname}{References}% Name of ref. list if it's a chapter.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Prenote used just before the references in the reference list
+% when a meta-analysis is reported.
+%
+%\renewcommand{\APACmetaprenote}{%
+% References marked with an asterisk indicate studies
+% included in the meta-analysis.}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% The name (heading) of the Author Index
+%\renewcommand{\authorindexname}{Author Index}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/german.apc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/german.apc new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9eb2ae01041 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/german.apc @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% This is file `german.apc'.
+%
+% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
+% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
+% -------------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
+% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%
+% \fi
+
+\ProvidesFile{german.apc}[2005/06/01]
+
+%% german.apc - Deutsche Uebersetzung der Apacite-Elemente
+%% Written by Andreas Poege <poge@uni-muenster.de>
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Deutsche Anpassung der Interpunktion und Formatierung
+%\renewcommand{\BAstyle}{\scshape} % Formatierung (Schriftart) Autoren (bei \cite usw, \citeA usw
+ % \citeNP)
+%\renewcommand{\BAastyle}{\scshape} % Formatierung (Schriftart) Autoren (bei \citeautor usw.
+%\renewcommand{\BBOP}{(} % Einleitende Klammer (default "(")
+%\renewcommand{\BBCP}{)} % Abschliessende Klammer (default ")")
+%\renewcommand{\BAP}{} % Zeichen zw. Prefix und Zitat (default Leerzeichen)
+%\renewcommand{\BBAA}{\&} % Zwischen Autoren in Klammern (default "\&")
+\renewcommand{\BBAB}{und} % Zwischen Autoren im Text
+\renewcommand{\BBAY}{ } % Zwischen Autoren und Jahr(en) (default ",")
+%\renewcommand{\BBC}{;{}} % Zwischen Autoren (mehrere Zitate) (default ";")
+%\renewcommand{\BBN}{,{}} % Zwischen Zitat und Postfix (default ",")
+%\renewcommand{\BBOQ}{} % Einleitung v. Titel v. Artikel (default "")
+%\renewcommand{\BBCQ}{} % Abschluss v. Titel. von Artikel (default "")
+\renewcommand{\BCBT}{} % Zwischen 2 Autoren (zus. zu "&", default ",")
+\renewcommand{\BCBL}{} % Zwischen 3 o. mehr Autoren (zus. zu "&", default ",")
+%\renewcommand{\BAnd}{} % Zwischen Hg. und Uebers., falls gleich (default "\&")
+%\renewcommand{\theBibCnt}{{\em\alph{BibCnt}\/}}}
+ % Formatierung des Zusatzes bei Werken vom selben Autor aus
+ % einem Jahr (default "\alph{BibCnt}")
+%\renewcommand{\APACiteatitle}{} % Zitation eines Titels (Artikel o. ae.) ohne Autor o. Hg.
+ % (default in Anfόhrungszeichen)
+%\renewcommand{\APACitebtitle}{} % Zitation eines Titels (Buch o. ae.) ohne Autor o. Hg.
+ % (default ist \emph)
+%\renewcommand{\APACmetastar}{} % Auszeichnungg eines Werkes im Lit.verz. wenn in Metaanalyse
+ % (default "*")
+%\renewcommand{\bibnewpage}{\newpage} % Verhalten von "\bibnewpage" (default "\clearpage")
+%\renewcommand{\BBYY}{, } % Zwischen Jahren, wenn ein Author und mehrere Jahre (
+ % NEU, default "\BBAY")
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Formatierung des Literaturverzeichnisses
+%\renewcommand{\bibliographytypesize}{\footnotesize}
+ % Schriftgrφίe Literaturverz. (default "\normalsize")
+%\setlength{\bibleftmargin}{2.5em} % Einzug beim Lit.verz. 2. Zeile (default "2.5em")
+%\setlength{\bibindent}{-\bibleftmargin} % Einzug beim Lit.verz. 1. Zeile (default "-\bibleftmargin")
+%\setlength{\bibitemsep}{\baselineskip} % vert. Abstand zwischen Eintrδgen im Lit.verz. (default "0pt")
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Befehle fόr die speziellen @misc-Eintrδge.
+%%% Diese Befehle werden von apacite.bst berόcksichtigt.
+\renewcommand{\bibmessage}{Msg.} % Fόr misc-Literaturtyp bei type, Newsgroup-, Internet-Messages
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogram}{Computerprogramm}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogrammanual}{Programm-Handbuch}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual}{Computerprogramm und Handbuch}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftware}{Software}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual}{Software-Handbuch}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}{Software und Handbuch}
+\renewcommand{\bibprogramminglanguage}{Programmiersprache}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Weitere Labels
+%\renewcommand{\bibnotype}{ } % Bei Techreport, falls type-Ang. unterdrόckt werden soll (default " ")
+\renewcommand{\BOthers}[1]{et al.{}} % "`und andere"', das Argument beinhaltet
+ % einen Punkt, um einen weiteren im
+ % Literaturverzeichnis zu unterdruecken
+\renewcommand{\BOthersPeriod}[1]{et al.{}} % "`und andere"', das Argument beinhaltet
+ % einen Punkt, um einen weiteren im
+ % Literaturverzeichnis zu unterdruecken
+ % The difference
+ % with \BOthers is that, if another
+ % string is used to define \BOthers,
+ % this one should always finish with a
+ % period and the previous one not
+ % necessarily (e.g., if explicit
+ % ``others'' is used).
+\renewcommand{\BIP}{in Druck} % Jahresangabe bei im Druck bef. Werken
+\renewcommand{\BIn}{In} % fuer "`In"' Herausgeber...
+\renewcommand{\BCHAP}{Kap.{}} % Kapitel
+\renewcommand{\BCHAPS}{Kap.{}} % Kapitel
+\renewcommand{\BED}{Hg.{}} % Herausgeber(in)
+\renewcommand{\BEDS}{Hg.{}} % Herausgeber(innen)
+\renewcommand{\BTRANS}{\"Ubers.{}} % Uebersetzer(in)
+\renewcommand{\BTRANSS}{\"Ubers.{}} % Uebersetzer(innen)
+\renewcommand{\BTRANSL}{\"Ubers.{}} % Uebersetzung (bei der Jahresangabe)
+\renewcommand{\BCHAIR}{Chair} % Chair (bei Konferenzen)
+\renewcommand{\BCHAIRS}{Chairs} % Chairs (bei Konferenzen)
+\renewcommand{\BVOL}{Bd.{}} % Band
+\renewcommand{\BVOLS}{Bde.{}} % Baende
+\renewcommand{\BNUM}{Nr.{}} % Nummer
+\renewcommand{\BNUMS}{Nr.{}} % Nummern
+\renewcommand{\BEd}{Aufl.{}} % Auflage
+\renewcommand{\BPG}{S.{}} % Seite
+\renewcommand{\BPGS}{S.{}} % Seiten
+\renewcommand{\BTR}{Bericht} % (default) Bezeichnung fuer "`technical report"'
+\renewcommand{\BPhD}{Dissertation} % (default) Bezeichnung fuer Dissertation
+\renewcommand{\BUPhD}{Unver\"offentlichte Dissertation}
+ % (default) Bezeichnung fuer unveroeffentlichte Dissertation
+\renewcommand{\BMTh}{Diplomarbeit} % (default) Bezeichnung fόr Abschlussarbeit
+\renewcommand{\BUMTh}{Unver\"offentlichte Diplomarbeit}
+ % (default) Bezeichnung fόr unveroeffentlichte Abschlussarbeit
+\renewcommand{\BOWP}{Originalausgabe} % Originalausgabe
+\renewcommand{\BREPR}{Nachdruck von} % Nachdruck von
+\renewcommand{\bibnodate}{o.\,J.{}} % "`ohne Jahresangabe"'
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Bezeichnung (heading) des Literaturverzeichnisses
+\renewcommand{\refname}{Literatur} % Bezeichnung fόr das Literaturverzeichnis, falls Section
+\renewcommand{\bibname}{Literaturverzeichnis}
+ % Bezeichnung fόr das Literaturverzeichnis, falls Chapter
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Kommando zwischen "Literaturverzeichnis" und den Eintraegen direkt nach \bibliographytypesize
+%\renewcommand{\bibliographyprenote}{} % default nichts
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Bemerkung vor Literaturangeaben, falls eine Metaanalyse angegeben wurde
+%
+\renewcommand{\APACmetaprenote}{Literaturangaben mit Stern kennzeichnen Studien der Metaanalyse.}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Bezeichnung (heading) des Autorenverzeichnisses
+\renewcommand{\authorindexname}{Autorenregister}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/greek.apc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/greek.apc new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ddd2e2edcca --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/greek.apc @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% This is file `greek.apc'.
+%
+% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
+% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
+% -------------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
+% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%
+% \fi
+
+\ProvidesFile{greek.apc}[2005/06/01]
+
+%% greek.apc - Greek version of apacite elements
+%% Original (English) written by Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl>
+%% Greek translations by Athanassios Protopapas <protopap@ilsp.gr>
+%% and Ioannis Dimakos <idimakos@upatras.gr>
+
+%% NOTE! NOTE! NOTE! NOTE!
+%% The Greek strings are in ISO-8859-7 encoding.
+\RequirePackage[iso-8859-7]{inputenc}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Commands for specific types of @misc entries.
+%%% These commands are recognized by apacite.bst.
+\renewcommand{\bibmessage}{Μήνυμα}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogram}{Λογισμικό}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogrammanual}{Εγχειρίδιο λογισμικού}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual}{Λογισμικό και εγχειρίδιο}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftware}{Λογισμικό}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual}{Εγχειρίδιο λογισμικού}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}{Λογισμικό και εγχειρίδιο}
+\renewcommand{\bibprogramminglanguage}{Γλώσσα προγραμματισμού}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% Other labels
+\renewcommand{\bibnodate}{χωρίς ημερομηνία} % ``no date''
+\renewcommand{\BBAB}{και} % between authors in text
+\renewcommand{\BOthers}[1]{κ.\ συν.{}} % ``others'', the argument contains a
+ % dot to suppress an additional one
+ % in the reference list
+\renewcommand{\BOthersPeriod}[1]{κ.\ συν.{}}% ``others'', the argument contains
+ % a dot to suppress an additional one
+ % in the reference list. The difference
+ % with \BOthers is that, if another
+ % string is used to define \BOthers,
+ % this one should always finish with a
+ % period and the previous one not
+ % necessarily (e.g., if explicit
+ % ``others'' is used).
+\renewcommand{\BIP}{υπό έκδοση} % used as year for in-press citations
+\renewcommand{\BIn}{Στο} % for ``In '' editor...
+\renewcommand{\BCHAP}{κεφ.{}} % chapter
+\renewcommand{\BCHAPS}{κεφ.{}} % chapters
+\renewcommand{\BED}{Επιμ.{}} % editor
+\renewcommand{\BEDS}{Επιμ.{}} % editors
+\renewcommand{\BTRANS}{Μτφ.{}} % translator
+\renewcommand{\BTRANSS}{Μτφ.{}} % translators
+\renewcommand{\BTRANSL}{μτφ.{}} % translation, for the year field
+\renewcommand{\BCHAIR}{Πρόεδρος} % chair of symposium
+\renewcommand{\BCHAIRS}{Πρόεδροι} % chairs
+\renewcommand{\BVOL}{τ.{}} % volume
+\renewcommand{\BVOLS}{τ.{}} % volumes
+\renewcommand{\BNUM}{αρ.{}} % number
+\renewcommand{\BNUMS}{αρ.{}} % numbers
+\renewcommand{\BEd}{έκδ.{}} % edition
+\renewcommand{\BPG}{σελ.{}} % page
+\renewcommand{\BPGS}{σελ.{}} % pages
+\renewcommand{\BTR}{Τεχ.\ έκθ.{}} % (default) technical report type name
+\renewcommand{\BPhD}{Διδακτορική διατριβή}
+ % (default) PhD thesis type name
+\renewcommand{\BUPhD}{Αδημοσίευτη διδακτορική διατριβή}
+ % (default) unpublished PhD thesis
+ % type name
+\renewcommand{\BMTh}{Μεταπτυχιακή διπλωματική εργασία}% (default) master's thesis type name
+\renewcommand{\BUMTh}{Αδημοσίευτη μεταπτυχιακή διπλωματική εργασία}%
+ % (default) unpublished
+ % master's thesis type name
+\renewcommand{\BOWP}{Πρώτη έκδοση πρωτοτύπου}
+\renewcommand{\BREPR}{Ανατύπωση από}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% The name (heading) of the Reference List
+\renewcommand{\refname}{Βιβλιογραφία}% Name of ref. list if it's a section.
+\renewcommand{\bibname}{Βιβλιογραφία}% Name of ref. list if it's a chapter.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Prenote used just before the references in the reference list
+% when a meta-analysis is reported.
+%
+%\renewcommand{\APACmetaprenote}{%
+% References marked with an asterisk indicate studies
+% included in the meta-analysis.}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%% The name (heading) of the Author Index
+\renewcommand{\authorindexname}{Ευρετήριο συγγραφέων}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/ngerman.apc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/ngerman.apc new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..06ddc0a3827 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/ngerman.apc @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% This is file `ngerman.apc'.
+%
+% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
+% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
+% -------------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
+% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%
+% \fi
+
+%% ngerman.apc - german translation of apacite elements (new orthography)
+%% Written by Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl>, based on instructions of
+%% Andreas Poege.
+
+\ProvidesFile{ngerman.apc}[2005/06/01]
+
+%% According to Andreas Poege, his file german.apc can also be used
+%% for the new orthography, so I'll just do this:
+
+\input{german.apc}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/swedish.apc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/swedish.apc new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9615c949366 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/lang/swedish.apc @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% This is file `swedish.apc'.
+%
+% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
+% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
+% -------------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
+% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%
+% \fi
+
+\ProvidesFile{swedish.apc}[2005/06/01]
+
+%% swedish.apc - swedish translation of apacite elements
+%% Written by Stefan Bjork <stefan@raggmunk.nu>
+%% $Revision: 1.2 $
+%%
+%% Translation of APA elements into swedish is not obvious. Ideas of
+%% which terms to use have been taken from the following sources:
+%%
+%% Eriksson, M. G. (2001). Att skriva litteraturreferenser enligt
+%% Harvard-systemet. Retreived December 9, 2004, from:
+%% http://www.ida.his.se/ida/kurser/exjobb/kursmaterial/referenser.pdf
+%% Jonsson, Mattias. (n.d.). Lathund for referensskrivning. Retreived
+%% December 9, 2004, from:
+%% http://www.ped.gu.se/users/berner/htmarkiv/referens.html
+%% Referensskrivning. (1994). Retreived December 9, 2004, from
+%% Gothenburg University Web site:
+%% http://www.ped.gu.se/forskarutbildning/Referens_skrivning.htm
+%%
+
+%% Punctuations
+\renewcommand{\BBAB}{och}
+
+%% Labels
+\renewcommand{\BOthers}[1]{m.\thinspace{}fl.}
+\renewcommand{\BOthersPeriod}[1]{m.\thinspace{}fl.}
+\renewcommand{\BIP}{under tryckning}
+\renewcommand{\BIn}{I}
+\renewcommand{\BCHAP}{kap.}
+\renewcommand{\BCHAPS}{kap.}
+\renewcommand{\BED}{red.}
+\renewcommand{\BEDS}{red:er}
+\renewcommand{\BTRANS}{\"overs.}
+\renewcommand{\BTRANSS}{\"overs.}
+\renewcommand{\BTRANSL}{\"overs.}
+\renewcommand{\BCHAIR}{ordf\"orande}
+\renewcommand{\BCHAIRS}{ordf\"orande}
+\renewcommand{\BVOL}{vol.}
+\renewcommand{\BVOLS}{vol.}
+\renewcommand{\BNUM}{nr.}
+\renewcommand{\BNUMS}{nr.}
+\renewcommand{\BEd}{upplagan}
+\renewcommand{\BPG}{s.}
+\renewcommand{\BPGS}{ss.}
+\renewcommand{\BTR}{teknisk rapport}
+\renewcommand{\BPhD}{diss.}
+\renewcommand{\BUPhD}{opublicerad diss.}
+\renewcommand{\BMTh}{examensuppsats}
+\renewcommand{\BUMTh}{opublicerad examensuppsats}
+\renewcommand{\BOWP}{Original publicerat}
+\renewcommand{\BREPR}{\AA{}terutgivning fr\aa{}n}
+\renewcommand{\APACmetaprenote}{%
+Referenser markerade med stj\"arna avser studier inkluderade i
+meta-analys.}
+
+%% Commands for specific types of @misc entries.
+\renewcommand{\bibmessage}{meddelande}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogram}{datorprogram}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogrammanual}{handbok till datorprogram}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual}{datorprogram och handbok}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftware}{mjukvara}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual}{handbok till mjukvara}
+\renewcommand{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}{datorprogram och handbok}
+\renewcommand{\bibprogramminglanguage}{programmeringsspr\aa{}k}
+
+%% Publication date unknown
+\renewcommand{\bibnodate}{u.\thinspace\aa{}.}
+
+%% Author Index
+\renewcommand{\authorindexname}{F\"orfattarindex}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..26d670ce0c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +% \iffalse meta-comment +% +% This is file `manifest.txt'. +% +% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed +% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved. +% +% This file is part of the `apacite' package. +% ------------------------------------------- +% +% It may be distributed and/or modified under the +% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 +% of this license or (at your option) any later version. +% The latest version of this license is in +% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +% version 2003/12/01 or later. +% +% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a +% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'. +% +% \fi + +CONTENTS OF THE APACITE PACKAGE [2005/06/08] +============================================ + +apacite.sty -> The LaTeX citation package. This must + be placed in a directory where TeX can find it; + +apacite.bst -> The BibTeX reference list style. This must be placed + in a directory where BibTeX can find it; + +apacitex.bst -> The BibTeX reference list style with added author + index support. This must also be placed in a directory + where BibTeX can find it; + +apacite.tex -> Extensive user's manual and test of the apacite package; + +apacite.pdf -> The processed file apacite.tex, so you can read the manual + without having to install the package first; + +apa5ex.bib -> The file with bibliographic information about the + references in apacite.tex; + +manifest.txt -> The list of files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a + short description; + +README -> A brief description of the package; + + +Directory lang/ +=============== + +This subdirectory contains files that contain language-specific +modifications of apacite, mainly translations of terms like "and", "Ed.", +etc., and have been written by apacite users that are (native) speakers +of the languages involved. See the documentation for further details. +The following files are currently available (note that most of these +are also used for ``dialects'' in the sense of babel): + +dutch.apc -> dutch +english.apc -> english +german.apc -> german +greek.apc -> greek +ngerman.apc -> german (new orthography) +swedish.apc -> swedish + + |