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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-01-09 00:43:17 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-01-09 00:43:17 +0000 |
commit | f9ba1f4431124f48769a2666d5d9ec921345ca71 (patch) | |
tree | 84f6056d0a7a06c9fed9927a8be9210064de058c /Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/tipa/vowel.tex | |
parent | fd423d0bb64fe29a2be1fbae5baaf4bc386cc274 (diff) |
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/tipa/vowel.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/tipa/vowel.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..038cd1f8301 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/tipa/vowel.tex @@ -0,0 +1,475 @@ +% vowel.tex +% Copyright 2002 FUKUI Rei +% +% This program may be distributed and/or modified under the +% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.2 +% of this license or (at your option) any later version. +% The latest version of this license is in +% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +% version 1999/12/01 or later. +% +% This program consists of all files listed in Manifest.txt. +% + +\documentclass[a4paper]{article} +\usepackage{tipa} +\usepackage{vowel} + +\newcommand{\vowelbox}{\raise1ex\hbox to 2.5cm} +\newenvironment{texsrc}{\begin{minipage}[t]{7cm}}{\end{minipage}} + +\title{Vowel package manual} +\author{FUKUI Rei + \thanks{{\tt fkr@tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp}}\\ + \textit{Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology}\\ + \textit{University of Tokyo}} +\date{28 October 2001} + +\begin{document} +\maketitle + +\section{Drawing vowel diagrams} + +\subsection{The {\tt vowel} environment} + +The general format of the {\tt vowel} environment is as follows. + +\medskip + +\verb|\begin{vowel}[|{\it option\/}(,{\it option},...)\verb|]| + +{\it commands for inputting vowels} + +\verb|\end{vowel}| + +\medskip + +Options and commands for inputting vowels are explained below. + +\subsection{The shapes of the diagram supported} + +The default shape of the vowel diagram is the one used in the recent +IPA chart, as shown below. + +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{ll} + \begin{vowel}[t] + \end{vowel} & + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm} + \verb|\begin{vowel}|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}| + \end{minipage} +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + +In this diagram, the bottom, back, and top sides are in the proportion +2:3:4, as was prescribed by Daniel Jones. + +In order to change the shape of an diagram, specify the following +options. + +\begin{itemize}\itemsep0pt +\item \texttt{plain}, \texttt{simple}, \texttt{standard}, + \texttt{ipanew} (=default) +\item \texttt{rectangle} \quad Draws a rectangular diagram. +\item \texttt{triangle} \quad Draws a triangular diagram. +\item \texttt{three} \quad Distinguishes only three levels of vowel + height. +\end{itemize} + +The first group of options are mutually exclusive, i.e., only one them +can be selected at a time. + +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{ll} + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|\\ + \emph{or}\\ + \verb|\begin{vowel}[ipanew]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} & + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[plain]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} \\ + \begin{vowel}[t]\end{vowel} & + \begin{vowel}[t,plain]\end{vowel} +\end{tabular} + +\begin{tabular}{ll} + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[simple]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} & + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[standard]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} \\ + \begin{vowel}[t,simple]\end{vowel} & + \begin{vowel}[t,standard]\end{vowel} +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + +Among the other options, \texttt{rectangle} +and \texttt{triangle} are mutually exclusive but each can be combined +with one of the options \texttt{plain}, \texttt{simple} or +\texttt{ipanew}. And the last option \texttt{three} can be combined +with one of the options \texttt{plain}, \texttt{simple} or +\texttt{ipanew}, and with one of the options \texttt{rectangle} +and \texttt{triangle}. + +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{ll} + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[rectangle]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} & + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[plain,rectangle]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} \\ + \begin{vowel}[t,rectangle]\end{vowel} & + \begin{vowel}[t,plain,rectangle]\end{vowel} +\end{tabular} + +\begin{tabular}{ll} + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[simple,rectangle]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} & + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[triangle]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} \\ + \begin{vowel}[t,simple,rectangle]\end{vowel} & + \begin{vowel}[t,triangle]\end{vowel} +\end{tabular} + +\begin{tabular}{ll} + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[plain,triangle]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} & + \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[simple,triangle]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} \\ + \begin{vowel}[t,plain,triangle]\end{vowel} & + \begin{vowel}[t,simple,triangle]\end{vowel} +\end{tabular} + +\begin{tabular}{ll} + \begin{minipage}[t]{5cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[simple,three]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} & + \begin{minipage}[t]{6cm}{\small + \verb|\begin{vowel}[simple,triangle,three]|\\ + \verb|\end{vowel}|} + \end{minipage} \\ + \begin{vowel}[t,simple,three]\end{vowel} & + \hspace{.5cm}\begin{vowel}[t,simple,triangle,three]\end{vowel} +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + + +\subsection{Placing vowels on a diagram} + +The following commands are prepared in order to place vowels in the +vowel diagram. + +\begin{itemize} + \item \verb+\putcvowel[l|r]{symbol}{+\emph{cardinal position}\verb+}+ + \item \verb+\putvowel[l|r]{symbol}{x}{y}+ +\end{itemize} + +The former command is used to place a vowel on a {\it cardinal +position}, and the latter is used to place a vowel on a point specified +by {\it x} and {\it y}. In each case, an optional argument \verb|[l]| +or \verb|[r]| can be given, which specifies to put a symbol (usually a +dot) that indicates the point and a vowel is placed at the left or +right of the symbol. + +The next table shows a diagram indicating the cardinal positions and +an example of a vowel diagram containing the \verb|\putcvowel| commands. + +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{lll} + \begin{vowel}[t] + \putcvowel{\footnotesize 1}{1}\putcvowel{\footnotesize 2}{2} + \putcvowel{\footnotesize 3}{3}\putcvowel{\footnotesize 4}{4} + \putcvowel{\footnotesize 5}{5}\putcvowel{\footnotesize 6}{6} + \putcvowel{\footnotesize 7}{7}\putcvowel{\footnotesize 8}{8} + \putcvowel{\footnotesize 9}{9}\putcvowel{\footnotesize 10}{10} + \putcvowel{\footnotesize 11}{11}\putcvowel{\footnotesize 12}{12} + \putcvowel{\footnotesize 13}{13}\putcvowel{\footnotesize 14}{14} + \putcvowel{\footnotesize 15}{15}\putcvowel{\footnotesize 16}{16} + \end{vowel} & + \begin{vowel}[t] + \putcvowel{i}{1}\putcvowel{e}{2} + \putcvowel{\textipa{E}}{3}\putcvowel{a}{4} + \putcvowel{\textipa{6}}{5}\putcvowel{\textipa{O}}{6} + \putcvowel{o}{7}\putcvowel{u}{8} + \putcvowel{\textipa{1}}{9}\putcvowel{\textipa{9}}{10} + \putcvowel{\textipa{@}}{11}\putcvowel{\textipa{3}}{12} + \putcvowel{\textipa{I}}{13}\putcvowel{\textipa{U}}{14} + \putcvowel{\textturna}{15}\putcvowel{\ae}{16} + \end{vowel} & + \begin{minipage}[t]{4cm} +{\footnotesize\begin{verbatim} + \begin{vowel} + \putcvowel{i}{1} + \putcvowel{e}{2} + \putcvowel{\textipa{E}}{3} + \putcvowel{a}{4} + ... + \end{vowel} +\end{verbatim}} + \end{minipage} +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + +The cardinal positions from 1 through 8 are the same with the numbers +of cardinal vowels determined by Daniel Jones. And the remaining +numbers (from 9 through 16) are extended cardinal positions that are +used to indicate the positions of all the remaining vowels that appear +in the recent IPA chart, having no relation to the Jonesian system of +cardinal vowels. + +In the case of the second form of the command. i.e., \verb+\putvowel+, +the origin is the upper left corner. And it is convenient to use the +basic units, \verb|\vowelhunit| and \verb|\vowelvunit| in specifying a +point in the $x$--$y$ coordinate. the bottom right corner is indicated +by a point (\verb|4\vowelhunit|, \verb|3\vowelhunit|). Thus: + +\begin{quote} +\verb+\putvowel{i}{0pt}{0pt}+ is equivalent to +\verb+\putcvowel{i}{1}+. +\end{quote} + +and + +\begin{quote} +\verb+\putvowel{\textscripta}{4\vowelhunit}{3\vowelvunit}+ is +equivalent to \verb+\putcvowel{\textscripta}{5}+. +\end{quote} + +\subsection{Changing the size of a diagram} + +The usual commands for changing the size of text fonts such as +\verb|\small|, \verb|\large|, \verb|\Large|, etc.\ can be used to +change the size of a vowel diagram. + +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{lll} +\begin{minipage}{3.2cm} +{\small\begin{verbatim} +{\small +\begin{vowel} +\putcvowel{i}{1} +... +\end{vowel}} +\end{verbatim}} +\end{minipage} & +\begin{minipage}{3.2cm} +{\small\begin{verbatim} +\begin{vowel} +\putcvowel{i}{1} +... +\end{vowel} +\end{verbatim}} +\end{minipage} & +\begin{minipage}{3.2cm} +{\small\begin{verbatim} +{\large +\begin{vowel} +\putcvowel{i}{1} +... +\end{vowel}} +\end{verbatim}} +\end{minipage} \\ + {\small \begin{vowel} + \putcvowel{i}{1}\putcvowel{e}{2} + \putcvowel{\textepsilon}{3}\putcvowel{a}{4} + \putcvowel{\textscripta}{5}\putcvowel{\textopeno}{6} + \putcvowel{o}{7}\putcvowel{u}{8} + \end{vowel}} & + \begin{vowel} + \putcvowel{i}{1}\putcvowel{e}{2} + \putcvowel{\textepsilon}{3}\putcvowel{a}{4} + \putcvowel{\textscripta}{5}\putcvowel{\textopeno}{6} + \putcvowel{o}{7}\putcvowel{u}{8} + \end{vowel} & + {\large \begin{vowel} + \putcvowel{i}{1}\putcvowel{e}{2} + \putcvowel{\textepsilon}{3}\putcvowel{a}{4} + \putcvowel{\textscripta}{5}\putcvowel{\textopeno}{6} + \putcvowel{o}{7}\putcvowel{u}{8} + \end{vowel}} +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + +It is also possible to change the size of a vowel symbol and the +size of a diagram independently. + +In order to change only the size of a vowel symbol, use the commands +such as \verb|\small|, \verb|\large|, etc.\ within the +\verb|\putcvowel| command. + +And in order to change only the size of a diagram, give appropriate +values to the parameters \verb|\vowelhunit| and \verb|\vowelvunit|. +\verb|\vowelhunit| stands for the horizontal unit length, and +\verb|\vowelvunit| the vertical unit length. By default both +\verb|\vowelhunit| and \verb|\vowelvunit| are equal to 2em. And if +only the former is modified by an user, the latter is automatically +adjusted to the same length. + +\begin{quote} +\begin{tabular}{ll} + \vowelbox{\hss + \begin{vowel}[t] + \putcvowel{i}{1} + \putcvowel{\large e}{2} + \putcvowel{\Large\textipa{E}}{3} + \putcvowel{\huge a}{4} + \end{vowel}} & +\begin{texsrc} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{vowel} +\putcvowel{i}{1} +\putcvowel{\large e}{2} +\putcvowel{\Large\textipa{E}}{3} +\putcvowel{\huge a}{4} +\end{vowel} +\end{verbatim} +\end{texsrc} +\end{tabular} +\end{quote} + +\begin{quote} +\begin{tabular}{ll} + \vowelbox{\hss + {\vowelhunit=1em + \begin{vowel}[t] + \putcvowel{i}{1} + \putcvowel{e}{2} + \putcvowel{\textipa{E}}{3} + \putcvowel{a}{4} + \end{vowel}}} & +\begin{texsrc} +\begin{verbatim} +{\vowelhunit=1em +\begin{vowel} +\putcvowel{i}{1} +... +\end{vowel}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{texsrc} +\end{tabular} +\end{quote} + +\begin{quote} +\begin{tabular}{ll} + \vowelbox{\hss + {\vowelvunit=2.31em + \begin{vowel}[t] + \putcvowel{i}{1} + \putcvowel{e}{2} + \putcvowel{\textipa{E}}{3} + \putcvowel{a}{4} + \end{vowel}}} & +\begin{texsrc} +\begin{verbatim} +{\vowelvunit=2.31em +\begin{vowel} +\putcvowel{i}{1} +... +\end{vowel}} +\end{verbatim} +\end{texsrc} +\end{tabular} +\end{quote} + +%In the later works of Daniel Jones, it is reported that he had used +%such a diagram that the angle of the upper-left corner is 60 +%degrees. In this case, the bottom, right, and top sides are in the +%proportion of 2:\(\sqrt{12}\):4. %See Ashby. + +\newpage +\section{Example} + +The next example shows the IPA vowel chart (updated 1996). + +\begin{center} +{\Large +\begin{vowel} +% \putcvowel[l]{i}{1} + \putvowel[l]{i}{0pt}{0pt} + \putcvowel[r]{y}{1} + \putcvowel[l]{e}{2} + \putcvowel[r]{\o}{2} + \putcvowel[l]{\textepsilon}{3} + \putcvowel[r]{\oe}{3} + \putcvowel[l]{a}{4} + \putcvowel[r]{\textscoelig}{4} + \putcvowel[l]{\textscripta}{5} + \putcvowel[r]{\textturnscripta}{5} + \putcvowel[l]{\textturnv}{6} + \putcvowel[r]{\textopeno}{6} + \putcvowel[l]{\textramshorns}{7} + \putcvowel[r]{o}{7} + \putcvowel[l]{\textturnm}{8} + \putcvowel[r]{u}{8} + \putcvowel[l]{\textbari}{9} + \putcvowel[r]{\textbaru}{9} + \putcvowel[l]{\textreve}{10} + \putcvowel[r]{\textbaro}{10} + \putcvowel{\textschwa}{11} + \putcvowel[l]{\textrevepsilon}{12} + \putcvowel[r]{\textcloserevepsilon}{12} + \putcvowel{\textsci\ \textscy}{13} + \putcvowel{\textupsilon}{14} + \putcvowel{\textturna}{15} + \putcvowel{\ae}{16} +\end{vowel} +} + +\bigskip +\begin{texsrc} +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{vowel} + \putcvowel[l]{i}{1} + \putcvowel[r]{y}{1} + \putcvowel[l]{e}{2} + \putcvowel[r]{\o}{2} + \putcvowel[l]{\textepsilon}{3} + \putcvowel[r]{\oe}{3} + \putcvowel[l]{a}{4} + \putcvowel[r]{\textscoelig}{4} + \putcvowel[l]{\textscripta}{5} + \putcvowel[r]{\textturnscripta}{5} + \putcvowel[l]{\textturnv}{6} + \putcvowel[r]{\textopeno}{6} + \putcvowel[l]{\textramshorns}{7} + \putcvowel[r]{o}{7} + \putcvowel[l]{\textturnm}{8} + \putcvowel[r]{u}{8} + \putcvowel[l]{\textbari}{9} + \putcvowel[r]{\textbaru}{9} + \putcvowel[l]{\textreve}{10} + \putcvowel[r]{\textbaro}{10} + \putcvowel{\textschwa}{11} + \putcvowel[l]{\textrevepsilon}{12} + \putcvowel[r]{\textcloserevepsilon}{12} + \putcvowel{\textsci\ \textscy}{13} + \putcvowel{\textupsilon}{14} + \putcvowel{\textturna}{15} + \putcvowel{\ae}{16} +\end{vowel} +\end{verbatim} +\end{texsrc} +\end{center} + +\end{document} |