quantumarticle (25mar22)

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@62944 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

1 files changed, 1789 insertions, 0 deletions

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+% This is the BibTeX style file for the Quantum journal.
+% It is based on hyperabbrv.bst, and the extensions by Aram Harrow
+% (see https://github.com/harrow/arxiv-bibstyle) and Andrew Comech
+% (see https://www.math.tamu.edu/~comech/tools/bibtex-doi-eprint/).
+%
+% In addition to added arxiv and DOI hyperlinks, the file style incorporates design
+% choices made for Quantum journal, in particular in the light of online availability.
+% Furthermore, this file style introduces some custom reference classes as well as
+% custom entry fields.
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    archivePrefix
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    code
+    commit
+    date
+    doi
+    edition
+    editor
+    eprint
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    journaltitle
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    nolink
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    primaryClass
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    shortjournal
+    shorturl
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    urldate
+    version
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  {}
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% Variables and state descriptors
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+INTEGERS
+  {
+    % These are state describing integers to control
+    % punctuation, capitalization, and line breaks
+    output.state
+    before.all
+    mid.sentence
+    after.sentence
+    after.block
+
+    multiresult
+    doi.linked
+
+    % Counters
+    length
+    namesleft
+    numnames
+    found.slashes
+    number.label
+    longest.label.width
+
+    % Config integers
+    %  - whether to print out DOI links explicitly or add the link to parts of the
+    %    citation itself.
+    explicit.doi.links
+    %  - whether to raise compilation errors from (many) BibTeX warnings
+    warnings.are.errors
+
+    % pointers
+    nameptr
+    ptr
+  }
+
+STRINGS { s t m longest.label label }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ % Initialize the global state describing integeres for punctuation
+  % Args:
+  % Returns:
+  #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% Custom warning
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+FUNCTION {my.warning}
+{ % Print cited element in bibliography with error message in red.
+  % If warnings.are.errors (default:True), raise a \PackageError
+  % Args: str - Warning message
+  % Returns:
+  'm :=
+  "{\color{red}{ This bibitem caused a BibTeX warning: " m * " entry.}}" *
+  warnings.are.errors
+    { "\PackageError{quantum.bst}{The bibitem " *
+      cite$ *
+      " caused a BibTeX warning}" *
+      "{By default, quantum.bst handles BibTeX warnings like compilation " *
+      "errors. Please refer to the bibliography style demo for details and options.}" *
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  write$
+  m cite$ * warning$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {my.warning.newline}
+{ % Print cited element in bibliography with error message in red.
+  % If warnings.are.errors (default:True), raise a \PackageError
+  % This function includes a newline in the bibliography to ensure
+  % that the error message for missing links is formatted correctly.
+  % Args: str - Second line of warning message
+  %       str - First line of warning message
+  % Returns:
+  's :=
+  'm :=
+  "{\color{red}{ This bibitem caused a BibTeX warning: " m * "}}" *
+  write$
+  newline$
+  "{\color{red}{" s * " entry.}}" *
+  warnings.are.errors
+    { "\PackageError{quantum.bst}{The bibitem " *
+      cite$ *
+      " caused a BibTeX warning}" *
+      "{By default, quantum.bst handles BibTeX warnings like compilation " *
+      "errors. Please refer to the bibliography style demo for details.}" *
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  write$
+  m cite$ * warning$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {my.crossref.warning}
+{ % Print cited crossref element in bibliography with error message in red.
+  % If warnings.are.errors (default:True), raise a \PackageError
+  % Args: str - Warning message
+  % Returns:
+  'm :=
+  warnings.are.errors
+    { "{\color{red} This bibitem caused a crossref-BibTeX warning: need "
+      m * " to crossref.}\PackageError{quantum.bst}{The crossref bibitem " *
+      cite$ *
+      " caused a BibTeX warning}" *
+      "{By default, quantum.bst handles BibTeX warnings like compilation " *
+      "errors. Please refer to the bibliography style demo for details.}" *
+      write$
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  "need " m * " for " * cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$
+}
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% Boolean functions
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ % Logical NOT of a "Boolean"
+  % Args: int - Boolean to negate
+  % Returns: int - negated Boolean
+    { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ % Logical AND between two "Booleans"
+  % Args: int - First Boolean to combine
+  %       int - Second Boolean to combine
+  % Returns: int - logical AND of input Booleans
+    'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ % Logical OR between two "Booleans"
+  % Args: int - First Boolean to combine
+  %       int - Second Boolean to combine
+  % Returns: int - logical OR of input Booleans
+    { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% String manipulation
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+FUNCTION {string.length}
+{ % Count the length of a string
+  % Args: str - String to count
+  % Returns: int - Length of input string
+  #1 'length :=
+  % Increase the length by 1 until the substring of the current length is the full string
+  {duplicate$ duplicate$ #1 length substring$ = not}
+    {length #1 + 'length :=}
+  while$
+  % Pop the string and return the length
+  pop$ length
+}
+
+FUNCTION {contains.substring}
+{ % Check whether a substring is contained in a string
+  % Args: str - Substring to find in larger string
+  %       str - String to find the substring in
+  % Returns: int("Boolean") - whether the substring is contained in the string
+  's :=
+  't :=
+  % Count the length of the substring
+  s string.length 'length :=
+  % cut away starting characters of the string until it is empty or the substring is found
+  { t empty$ not }
+    % Check whether the current string starts with the substring
+    { t #1 length substring$ s =
+        { % If yes, empty the string and return #1
+          "" 't :=
+          #1
+        }
+        { % If not, delete the first character of the string
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+          % If the string is empty, return #0
+          t empty$
+            { #0 }
+            'skip$
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ % Chop the beginning of a string if it matches a given second string
+  % Args: str - String to chop
+  %       int - Length of substring to match
+  %       str - Substring to match
+  % Returns: str - (Potentially) chopped string
+  's :=
+  'length :=
+  s #1 length substring$ =
+    { s length #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+    's
+  if$
+}
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% Elementary output functions
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ % Output a string that is guaranteed not to be empty
+  % Args: str - String to process
+  % Returns:
+  % The written output via write$ depends on the position in a sentence or block,
+  % as stored in outpute.state, which is updated accordingly.
+  's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    'write$
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ % Output a string if it is not empty
+  % Args: str - String to check and output
+  % Returns:
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ % Check whether a string is empty, output it if it is not, and raise a my.warning if it is.
+  % Args: str - Describing string of argument that is checked to provide a useful error message
+  %       str - String to check and output if it is not empty
+  % Returns:
+  't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * my.warning }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {no.output.check}
+{ % Check whether a string is empty and raise a my.warning if it is.
+  % Args: str - Describing string of argument that is checked to provide a useful error message
+  %       str - String to check
+  % Returns:
+  't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * my.warning }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {no.output.check.links}
+{ % Check whether a string is empty and raise a my.warning.newline if it is.
+  % Args: str - Describing string of argument that is checked to provide a useful error message
+  %       str - String to check
+  % Returns:
+  % The separate handling from no.output.check is the special warning message that contains
+  % special characters, requiring us to use my.warning.newline. In addition, if the field
+  % `nolink` is not missing (it may be empty though), the warning is not raised.
+  't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ nolink missing$ and
+    { pop$ "empty " t * ". " *
+      "If none of these fields is applicable for the cited work you can include the field " *
+      "\verb|`nolink = {}`| in its bib"
+      my.warning.newline
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ % Write the current buffer and the header for a new bibitem to the bbl file and
+  % updates the output.state
+  % Args: str - Current buffer is written to the bbl file
+  % Returns: str - An empty string
+  newline$
+  % Write the header for a new bibitem
+  "\bibitem{" write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ % Finalize an entry by appending a period if appropriate and writing to the bbl file
+  % Args: str - Current string to write to the bbl file
+  % Returns:
+  add.period$
+  write$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ % Start a new block in an entry, setting the output.state accordingly
+  % Args:
+  % Returns:
+  output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ % Start a new sentence in an entry, setting the output.state accordingly
+  % Args:
+  % Returns:
+  output.state after.block =
+  output.state before.all =
+  or
+    'skip$
+    { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ % Start a new block in an entry if the input string is not empty
+  % Args: str - String to decide whether a new block is started
+  % Returns:
+  empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ % Start a new block in an entry if any of two input strings are not empty
+  % Args: str - Second string to decide whether a new block is started
+  %       str - First string to decide whether a new block is started
+  % Returns:
+  empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ % Start a new sentence in an entry if the input string is not empty
+  % Args: str - String to decide whether a new sentence is started
+  % Returns:
+  empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ % Start a new sentence in an entry if any of two input strings are not empty
+  % Args: str - Second string to decide whether a new sentence is started
+  %       str - First string to decide whether a new sentence is started
+  % Returns:
+  empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ % Replace an empty field or string by the empty string ""
+  % Args: str - Field or string to check and replace
+  % Returns: str - The input string if it was not empty, else ""
+  % This function does nothing on strings, it just replaces empty (but defined)
+  % fields by the empty string in order to allow for string comparisons and other operations
+  % that are not defined on empty (non-string) fields.
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ % Connect two strings with a space or a non-breaking ~
+  % Args: str - Second string to connect. If it is shorter than 3 characters, a ~ is used
+  %       str - First string to connect.
+  % Returns: str - The connected strings.
+  duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { % Use a ~ if the second string is shorter than 3 characters
+      "~"
+    }
+    { % Use a space else
+      " "
+    }
+  if$
+  % Bring the strings in the order (first string, connector, second string) and merge them
+  swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {init.longest.label}
+{ % Initializes globally used variables to determine the longest label in the bibliography
+  % Args:
+  % Returns:
+  "" 'longest.label :=
+  #1 'number.label :=
+  #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ % Update the longest.label.width and the longest.label, as measured by width$
+  % Args:
+  % Returns:
+  % Note that this function does not require any input from the bilbiography items,
+  % but only depends on the number of items.
+  number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+  label width$ longest.label.width >
+    { label 'longest.label :=
+      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% Entry formatting
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+FUNCTION {boldfont}
+{ % Add a bold font formatting string to a string (if it is not empty)
+  % Args: str - The string to format in bold font
+  % Returns: str - The input string wrapped in a formatting string for bold font
+  % Only add the formatting string to a non-empty string
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "{\bf " swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ % Format a given string with names
+  % Args: str - The string with names
+  % Returns: str - The formatted names
+  's :=
+  % initialize pointer, counter for names and counter for names to handle left
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+  % Iterate over names
+  { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        { % After the first name, include connecting characters
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { % If there is more than the current name left, use a comma
+              ", " * t *
+            }
+            { % If there is only the current name left, use "and" or "et al."
+              numnames #2 >
+                { % Add a comma before "and" if there were more than two names
+                  "," *
+                }
+                'skip$
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                { % Replace "and others" by "et~al."
+                  " et~al." *
+                }
+                { " and " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { % Simply write the first name to buffer
+          t
+        }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ % Apply format.names to the author field and return it
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - author field formatted via format.names
+  % If the author field is empty, the empty string is returned instead.
+  author empty$
+    { "" }
+    { author format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ % Apply format.names to the editor field, add a remark "editor(s)" to it, and return it
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - editor field formatted via format.names, with ", editor(s)" appended.
+  % If the editor field is empty, the empty string is returned instead.
+  editor empty$
+    { "" }
+    {
+      editor format.names
+      ", editor" *
+      % Add plural "s" if multiple editors are given
+      editor num.names$ #1 >
+        { "s" * }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ % Wrap the title in quotation marks and change its capitalization.
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - title field wrapped in quotation marks with new capitalization
+  % Note that change.case$ together with the option "t" removes all capitalization
+  % of text that is not in curly braces, except for the very first character.
+  title empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "``" title "t" change.case$ * "''" *  }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION { format.arxiv.hyperlink }
+{ % Extract the arXiv handle from a string, removing a leading "arXiv"
+  % Args: str - The string to extract the handle from
+  % Returns: str - The extracted arXiv handle
+  % If the string starts with "arxiv:" or "arxiv" (or any capitalized version of these),
+  % the length-9 handle is extracted, otherwise the original string is returned.
+  duplicate$ #1 #6 substring$ "l" change.case$ "arxiv:" =
+    { #7 #9 substring$  }
+    { duplicate$ #1 #5 substring$ "l" change.case$ "arxiv" =
+      { #6 #9 substring$  }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.eprint}
+{ % Format the eprint link, including the hyperlink and the link text.
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - Hyperlink to extracted arxiv reference
+  eprint empty$
+    { "" }
+    { archivePrefix empty$
+        { primaryClass empty$
+            { "arXiv" }
+            { primaryClass }
+          if$
+        }
+        { archivePrefix }
+      if$
+      " \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/"
+      eprint format.arxiv.hyperlink *
+      "}{" *
+      swap$ *
+      ":" *
+      eprint #1 #5 substring$ "arXiv" =
+        { eprint #7 #15 substring$ * }
+        { eprint * }
+      if$
+      "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.doi.link}
+{ % Add a hyperlink referring to a DOI reference to a string, using the doi field.
+  % Args: str - String to add the hyperlink to
+  % Returns: str - Input string with hyperlink added
+  "\href{https://dx.doi.org/" doi * "}{" * swap$ * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ % Replace single dashes by double dashes
+  % Args: str - Input string to be modified
+  % Returns: str - Input string with single dashes replaced by double dashes
+  't :=
+  ""
+  % Iterate over the characters in the string
+  { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        {
+          t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { % If the current `t` starts with a "-" but not with "--", replace
+              % the single dash with "--" and cut the leading dash from `t`
+              "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            { % If the current `t` starts with a "--", add all dashes in the
+              % current `t` to the output string without any replacement
+              { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { % If the current `t` does not start with a dash, simply move the first
+          % character to the output string.
+          t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.year}
+{ % Format the year of an entry
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - Formatted year in brackets
+  % If the year field is empty, the year is extracted from the date field, assuming
+  % that it starts with the year.
+  year empty$
+    { date empty$
+        { "" }
+        { "~(" date #1 #4 substring$ * ")" * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "~(" year * ")" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.urldate}
+{ % Format the date on which a URL was accessed
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The formatted date in brackets with a remark "accessed:"
+  % The urldate field preceeds the date field.
+  urldate empty$
+    { date empty$
+        { "" }
+        { "(accessed:~" date * ")" * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "(accessed:~" urldate * ")" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter}
+{ % Format the chapter field for an entry
+  % Args: int - "Boolean" indicating whether the "Chapter" should be turned to lower case
+  % Returns: str - The formatted chapter with leading "Chapter" string.
+  % If the field `type` is not empty, it is used instead of the generic "Chapter".
+  type empty$
+    { "Chapter" }
+    { type }
+  if$
+  swap$
+    { "l" change.case$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  chapter tie.or.space.connect
+}
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ % Check whether a string indicates multiple pages
+  % Args: str - The string describing a page or multiple pages
+  % Returns: int - "Boolean" indicating whether the string describes multiple pages
+  't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+  { multiresult not
+    t empty$ not
+    and
+  }
+    { % Check whether the first character in the current `t` is one of "-", "," or "+"
+      t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { % Remove the first character from the current `t`
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ % Format the pages field of an entry
+  % Args: int - "Boolean" indicating whether to capitalize the word "page(s)"
+  % Returns: str - The formatted pages field, including the word "page(s)"
+    { "p" }
+    { "P" }
+  if$
+  pages multi.page.check
+    { "ages" * pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+    { "age" * pages tie.or.space.connect }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvol.series}
+{ % Format the book volume and the series of an entry
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The volume and series field formatted into one string.
+  % Raises a warning if the field `number` is present in addition to `volume`.
+  volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { mid.sentence output.state =
+        { "v" }
+        { "V" }
+      if$
+      "olume" * volume tie.or.space.connect
+      series empty$
+        'skip$
+        { " of " * series * }
+      if$
+      number empty$
+        'skip$
+        { "can't use both volume and number fields in " * my.warning }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvol.chap.pages}
+{ % Format the book volume, series and the chapter and pages of an entry
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The volume and series field formatted into one string.
+  % This function wraps the previously defined functions format.bvol.series,
+  % format.chapter, and format.pages into one.
+  format.bvol.series
+  chapter empty$
+    'skip$
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        { #0 }
+        { ", " *
+          #1
+        }
+      if$
+      format.chapter *
+    }
+  if$
+  pages empty$
+    'skip$
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        { #0 }
+        { ", " *
+          #1
+        }
+      if$
+      format.pages *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ % Format the number and the series of an entry
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The number and series field formatted into one string.
+  % The returned string is empty if the `volume` field is not empty.
+  % Raises a warning if the field `series` is empty.
+  volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+            { "number" }
+            { "Number" }
+          if$
+          number tie.or.space.connect
+          series empty$
+            { "there's a number but no series in " my.warning }
+            { " in " * series * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ % Format the edition field of an entry
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The edition of the entry with "edition" comment, if it
+  %     is not contained in the field itself already.
+  edition empty$
+  { "" }
+  { output.state mid.sentence =
+    { edition "l" change.case$ }
+    { edition "t" change.case$ }
+    if$
+    edition "edition" contains.substring
+      'skip$
+      { " edition" * }
+    if$
+  }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.vol.pages}
+{ % Format the volume and pages for an article entry
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: The volume and page numbers as a single string
+  volume field.or.null boldfont
+  pages empty$
+    'skip$
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ mid.sentence output.state = format.pages }
+        { " " swap$ * ", " * pages n.dashify * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ % Format the chapter and pages for an entry
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - chapter and pages description in one string
+  chapter empty$
+    { #0 format.pages }
+    {
+      mid.sentence output.state =
+      format.chapter
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " *  #1 format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ % Format the booktitle together with editors of an entry
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: The booktitle for an entry contained in the book.
+  booktitle empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor empty$
+        { "In " booktitle * }
+        { "In " format.editors * ", " * booktitle * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ % Checks whether all relevant fields for a misc entry are empty
+  % Args:
+  % Returns:
+  % Raises a warning if all fields are empty
+  author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+  and and and and and
+  % Only warn for entries that actually have a key
+  key empty$ not and
+    { "all relevant fields are empty in " my.warning }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ % Replace a string with the type field if given, and add a DOI link
+  % Args: str - String to add the DOI link to, or to replace by the `type` field.
+  % Returns: str - Input string or `type` string if present, with DOI link.
+  type empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$
+      type "t" change.case$
+    }
+  if$
+  doi missing$
+  explicit.doi.links
+  or
+    'skip$
+    { add.doi.link }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ % Format the number of a technical report and add the remark "Technical Report"
+  % or the `type` field if present.
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - `type` field or "Technical Report" together with the `number` field
+  type empty$
+    { "Technical Report" }
+    'type
+  if$
+  number empty$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+    { number tie.or.space.connect }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {get.journal}
+{ % Obtain the journal from either journal, journaltitle or shortjournal,
+  % in that order of priority
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The name of the journal.
+  journal missing$
+    {
+    journaltitle missing$
+      {
+      shortjournal missing$
+        { "" }
+        { shortjournal }
+      if$
+      }
+      { journaltitle }
+    if$
+    }
+    { journal }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ % Fomat a cross-reference of an article
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - Crossref entry for an article incl. citation
+  key empty$
+    { get.journal empty$
+        { "key or journal" my.crossref.warning
+          ""
+        }
+        { "In {\em " get.journal * "\/}" * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "In " key * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ % Fomat the editors for a cross-reference to a book, collection or proceedings
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - Editors names formatted for a cross-reference.
+  editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  editor num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$ " et~al." * }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            { " et~al." * }
+            { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ % Fomat a cross-reference to a book
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - Crossref entry to a book incl. citation
+  volume empty$
+    { "volume" my.crossref.warning
+      "In "
+    }
+    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
+      " of " *
+    }
+  if$
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { series empty$
+            { "editor, key, or series" my.crossref.warning
+              "" *
+            }
+            { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ % Fomat a cross-reference for an entry from a collection or proceedings
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - Crossref entry to the collection/proceedings incl. citation.
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { booktitle empty$
+            { "editor, key, or booktitle" my.crossref.warning
+              ""
+            }
+            { "In {\em " booktitle * "\/}" * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { "In " key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "In " format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.repo}
+{ % Obtain the repository name from the `code` field
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The repository name to print
+  % Look for registered formatting of github repos and remove them
+  "github.com/" #11
+    "www.github.com/" #15
+      "https://github.com/" #19
+        code
+      chop.word
+    chop.word
+  chop.word
+  % Extract the part of the repository name until the second slash
+  't :=
+  #0 'found.slashes :=
+  #1 'ptr :=
+  { ptr t text.length$ < #2 found.slashes > and}
+    {t ptr #1 substring$ "/" =
+      { found.slashes #1 + 'found.slashes := }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+    ptr #1 + 'ptr := }
+  while$
+  % Return only the part up to the second slash from above
+  #2 found.slashes =
+    { t #1 ptr #2 - substring$ }
+    { t #1 ptr substring$ }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.version}
+{ % Format the `version` field of an entry with `code` field
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The version with a "v" abbreviation
+  version empty$
+    { "" }
+    {
+      "v" version #1 #1 substring$ =
+        { " " version * }
+        { " v" version * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.commit}
+{ % Format the `commit` field of an entry with `code` field
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The commit field with the remark "commit"
+  commit empty$
+    { "" }
+    { " commit:" commit #1 #7 substring$ * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.code}
+{ % Format the `code` field
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The `code` field with version and commit,
+  %   including a link to the repository
+  code empty$
+    { "" }
+    { " code:~\href{" code * "}{" * extract.repo * format.version * format.commit * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ % Format a url
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: str - The `shorturl` (preferred) or `url` field including a link
+  % The "https" part is removed from the printed string of the hyperlink
+  shorturl empty$
+    { url empty$
+        { "" }
+        { " url:~\href{" url * "}{" * "https://" #8 url chop.word * "}" * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { " url:~\href{" url * "}{" * "https://" #8 shorturl chop.word * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {check.links}
+{ % Check that one of the fields providing a hyperlink is present and raise a warning if not
+  % Args:
+  % Returns:
+  % The fields of which one should be present are `doi`, `eprint` and
+  % `url`. Setting the (empty) field `nolink={}` suppresses this warning.
+  doi missing$ eprint missing$ and
+    { format.url "doi, eprint and url" no.output.check.links pop$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.links}
+{ % Output the links of an entry
+  % Args:
+  % Returns:
+  new.block
+  explicit.doi.links
+    { % If explicit DOI links are set via the config, output it
+      % explicitly (if it's not missing)
+      doi missing$
+        'skip$
+        { " doi:~" doi add.doi.link * output
+          new.block
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    'skip$ % Without explicit DOI links, it has already been added to another string.
+  if$
+  % Add eprint link
+  format.eprint output
+  doi missing$ eprint missing$ and
+    { % If the DOI and the eprint link are missing, add the `url` field hyperlink
+      new.block
+      format.url output
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  new.block
+  % Add the code hyperlink
+  format.code output
+}
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% Interpretation of bib entries
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+FUNCTION {is.arxiv.article}
+{ % Determine whether an article class is an arxiv article only.
+  % Args:
+  % Returns: int - "Boolean" indicating whether the entry is an arxiv article only
+  % The article is considered an arxiv article only if
+  % - get.journal delivers an empty string and the `archivePrefix` field matches "arxiv"
+  %   (up to capitalization)
+  % - "arxiv" (or a capitalized version of it) is present in the output of get.journal
+  % If the output of get.journal is empty and the `archivePrefix` field is present but not
+  % known, a warning is raised.
+  get.journal empty$
+    { archivePrefix missing$
+        { #0 }
+        { archivePrefix "l" change.case$ "arxiv" =
+          { #1 }
+          { "The `archivePrefix' " archivePrefix * " is not supported for entry" * my.warning
+            #0
+          }
+        if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { get.journal "l" change.case$ "arxiv" contains.substring
+        { #1 }
+        { #0 }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% Raw citation classes that are aliased in the public citation classes
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+FUNCTION {arxiv.article}
+{ % Format an arxiv-only article
+  output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.year "year" output.check
+      new.block
+      check.links
+      output.links
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      #1 format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {std.article}
+{ % Format a standard published article
+  output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { new.block
+      get.journal "journal, shortjournal and journaltitle" no.output.check
+      format.vol.pages *
+      doi missing$
+      explicit.doi.links
+      or
+        'skip$
+        { add.doi.link }
+      if$
+      output
+      format.year "year" output.check
+      new.block
+      check.links
+      output.links
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      #1 format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {std.misc}
+{ % Format a standard misc entry
+  output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  title howpublished new.block.checkb
+  format.title output
+  howpublished new.block.checka
+  howpublished output
+  format.year output
+  format.eprint output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+  empty.misc.check
+}
+
+FUNCTION {thesis.start}
+{ % Format the first part of a thesis entry
+  output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+}
+
+FUNCTION {thesis.end}
+{ % Format the second (and last) part of a thesis entry
+  new.block
+  school "school" output.check
+  new.block
+  address output
+  format.year "year" output.check
+  new.block
+  output.links
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% Recognized citation classes
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ is.arxiv.article
+  'arxiv.article
+  'std.article
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conditional.doi.link}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+  doi missing$
+  explicit.doi.links
+  doi.linked
+  or or or
+    'skip$
+    { add.doi.link
+      #1 'doi.linked :=
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  #0 'doi.linked :=
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvol.chap.pages
+      conditional.doi.link output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series
+      conditional.doi.link output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher "publisher" no.output.check
+      conditional.doi.link output
+      new.sentence
+      address output
+    }
+    { format.chapter.pages output
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.year "year" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.edition output
+  check.links
+  output.links
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {repository}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  format.year output
+  new.block
+  code empty$
+    { format.url "url" output.check }
+    { format.code output }
+  if$
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {website}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    'skip$
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.url "url" output.check
+  new.block
+  code empty$
+    'skip$
+    { format.code output
+      new.block
+    }
+  if$
+  format.urldate output
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ is.arxiv.article
+    'arxiv.article
+    'std.misc
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{
+  format.chapter.pages empty$
+    { "`inbook' requires chapter or pages, otherwise use `book'" my.warning }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  book
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  editor empty$
+    { organization output }
+    { format.editors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" no.output.check
+  doi missing$
+  explicit.doi.links
+  or
+    'skip$
+    { add.doi.link }
+  if$
+  output
+  new.block
+  format.bvol.series output
+  format.number.series output
+  new.block
+  address empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { publisher new.sentence.checka }
+        { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
+          organization output
+        }
+      if$
+      new.block
+      publisher output
+      format.year "year" output.check
+    }
+    { address output.nonnull
+      format.year "year" output.check
+      new.sentence
+      editor empty$
+        'skip$
+        { organization output }
+      if$
+      new.block
+      publisher output
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  check.links
+  output.links
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  howpublished new.block.checka
+  howpublished output
+  address new.block.checka
+  address output
+  format.year output
+  output.links
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  note "note" output.check
+  format.year output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  #0 'doi.linked :=
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.bvol.chap.pages
+      conditional.doi.link output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series
+      conditional.doi.link output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher "publisher" no.output.check
+      conditional.doi.link
+      address missing$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * address * }
+      if$
+      output
+      format.year "year" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.edition output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  output.links
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  #0 'doi.linked :=
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.bvol.chap.pages
+      conditional.doi.link output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series
+      conditional.doi.link output
+      address empty$
+        { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
+          organization output
+          publisher output
+          format.year "year" output.check
+        }
+        { address output.nonnull
+          format.year "year" output.check
+          new.sentence
+          organization output
+          new.sentence
+          publisher output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  check.links
+  output.links
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.tr.number
+  doi missing$
+  explicit.doi.links
+  or
+    'skip$
+    { add.doi.link }
+  if$
+  output.nonnull
+  new.block
+  institution "institution" output.check
+  address output
+  format.year "year" output.check
+  output.links
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        'skip$
+        { organization output.nonnull
+          new.block
+          address output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        { address new.block.checka
+          address output
+        }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+    { organization address new.block.checkb
+      organization output
+      new.block
+      address output
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.edition output
+  format.year output
+  output.links
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ thesis.start
+  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  thesis.end
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ thesis.start
+  "PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  thesis.end
+}
+
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% Default citation type
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { article }
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% Macros/aliases
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"June"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"July"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sept."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}
+
+READ
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% BIBLIOGRAPHY HEADER AND FOOTER
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ % Print the beginning of the bibliography to the .bbl file. Also set the
+  % "Booleans" for the global config of DOI link printing and handling of warnings.
+  #0 'explicit.doi.links :=
+  #1 'warnings.are.errors :=
+  preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ "MakeDoiLinksExplicit" contains.substring
+        { #1 'explicit.doi.links :=
+          "\newcommand{\MakeDoiLinksExplicit}{}" write$ newline$
+        }
+        { #0 'explicit.doi.links := }
+      if$
+      preamble$ "DoNotMakeWarningsErrors" contains.substring
+        { #0 'warnings.are.errors :=
+          "\newcommand{\DoNotMakeWarningsErrors}{}" write$ newline$
+        }
+        { #1 'warnings.are.errors := }
+      if$
+      preamble$ write$ newline$
+    }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" * write$ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ % Print the ending of the bibliography to the .bbl file.
+  newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+% EXECUTION
+% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
+
+% Initialize global constants indicating the positions in an entry
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+% Initialize global variables for the longest label
+EXECUTE {init.longest.label}
+
+% Determine the longest label that will be needed
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+
+% Begin the library and handle the preamble
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+% Create all bibliography entries
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+% Finalize the library
+EXECUTE {end.bib}