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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-01-17 21:41:51 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-01-17 21:41:51 +0000 |
commit | 487ca4806cc046076293cf6cc5fbba0db282bac7 (patch) | |
tree | 847b412ab5158dd7bdd7ed7e5a4cc3fbca94be32 /Build/source/texk/dtl/example.tex | |
parent | a3d3111bfe26b8e5f5bc6049dfb2a4ca2edc7881 (diff) |
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git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@1485 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
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diff --git a/Build/source/texk/dtl/example.tex b/Build/source/texk/dtl/example.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..858ad3b9bbe --- /dev/null +++ b/Build/source/texk/dtl/example.tex @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +% This is the TeX source file for the "TeXnical Typesetting" document. +% Notice how you can put in comments? If TeX sees a % it simply ignores +% the rest of the line. + +% A4 paper is 8.3in wide and 11.7in high; we set the page dimensions so that +% there are 1in margins all around: +\hsize 6.3in % page width +\vsize 9.7in % page height + +\parskip 8pt plus 2pt minus 1pt % glue before a paragraph + +% Define a few extra fonts for later use: +\font\bigrm=cmr10 scaled\magstep4 % big version of the standard roman font +\font\ninerm=cmr9 % 9pt roman +\font\fiverm=cmr5 % 5pt roman +\font\sm=cmcsc10 % caps and small caps +\font\ss=cmss10 % sans serif + +% Here's a macro that we'll use to produce all subheadings: +\def\subhead#1{\bigskip % extra glue before subheading + \noindent{\bf #1}\par % unindented boldface subheading + \nobreak} % prevent a page break after subheading + +\centerline{\bigrm \TeX nical Typesetting} + +\vskip 2.5cm % dimensions can be metric + +\subhead{What is \TeX?} + +\TeX\ (pronounced ``teck'') is a computerized typesetting system developed by +Donald Knuth and others at Stanford University. It is used to create +high-quality documents, particularly those containing mathematics. +The name \TeX\ is an uppercase form of the Greek letters $\tau\epsilon\chi$, +the first three letters of a Greek word meaning {\sl art} as well as +{\sl technology}. +The lowering of the ``E'' is a reminder that \TeX\ is about typesetting, +which can be thought of as the next stage beyond word processing. +On devices where such lowering is difficult or impossible you may see \TeX\ +written as {\tt TeX}. + +% the above blank line ends the first paragraph + +Most word processors allow you to +create and modify a document interactively --- what +you see on the screen is usually what your output will look like. +\TeX\ does {\it not} work in this way. +Like other typesetting systems (such as SCRIBE and +{\sl troff\/}), \TeX\ is known as a ``document compiler''. Using your +favourite text editor you need to create a file containing the +text of your manuscript along with the \TeX\ typesetting commands. +\TeX\ gives you the ability to produce printed matter with a quality +matching that found in books, depending on the output device. +Adelaide University has an {\sm imagen} laser printer +with a resolution of 240 dots per inch. +This publication shows both the capabilities of \TeX\ and +the output quality of the laser printer. + +\subhead{Fonts} + +One of the more obvious advantages of \TeX\ is the large range of fonts from +which you can choose. A font is a collection of characters each having a +similar size and style. Some of the fonts currently available include: +$$ % enter display math mode just to get space above and below \line +\line + {\hfil % infinitely stretchable glue + \rm roman\hfil \sl slanted\hfil \it italic\hfil \bf boldface\hfil + \tt typewriter\hfil \ss sans serif\hfil \sm small caps\hfil + } % take care to ensure each { has a matching } +$$ +Many of these also come in a variety of sizes: +$$ +\centerline{{\bigrm from the very big},~ % extra space after comma + {\ninerm to the very small},~ + {\fiverm to the ridiculous}.} +$$ +Apart from a large selection of mathematical symbols, +many special characters and accents are available: +$$ +\vbox + {\tabskip 10pt plus 1fil % glue before and after all columns + \halign to\hsize + {& \hfil#\hfil\cr % specify a variable number of centred columns + \copyright& \it\$& \S& \P& \dag& \ddag& + $\circ$& $\bigcirc$& % some symbols must be accessed from math mode + $\leftarrow$& $\rightarrow$& $\triangle$& $\clubsuit$& + \`a& \'e& \c c& \^o& \"u\cr + } + } +$$ +\TeX\ does a few subtle things automatically. +Certain sequences of characters in your text will +be replaced by {\sl ligatures} in the printed output (consider the ``{\tt ffi}'' +in ``difficult''), while other pairs of characters need to be {\sl kerned} +(e.g., the ``o'' and ``x'' in ``box'' look better if they are moved closer +together). The range and quality of fonts available will continue to improve. + +\subhead{Mathematics} + +A major design goal of \TeX\ was to simplify the task of typesetting +mathematics --- and to do it properly. Mathematicians will be pleasantly +surprised at the ease with which formulae and expressions can be created; +from simple in-line equations +such as $e^{i\pi}=-1$ and $f_{n+2}=f_{n+1}+f_n$, to more extravagant displays: +$$ +\sum_{k\ge1} \sqrt{x_k-\ln k}\quad\ne\quad +\int_{0}^\infty {e^{-x^3}+\sqrt{x} \over \left(123-x\right)^3} \,dx +$$ +\TeX\ looks after most of the nitty gritty details, such as spacing things +correctly and choosing the right sizes for superscripts, parentheses, +square root signs etc. (The discoverer of the above relation wishes to +remain anonymous.) + +\subhead{Alignment} + +The preparation of tabular material such as in lists and matrices can be a +tedious job for a person armed only with a typewriter and a bottle of +correction fluid. With a little help from \TeX, computers can make it so +much easier: +$$ +\vcenter % a vertically centred \vbox + {\tabskip 0pt % no space before column 1 + \halign to 3.5in % width of table + {\strut#& % col 1 is a strut + \vrule#\tabskip .5em plus2em& % col 2 is a vrule; also set col spacing + #\hfil& % col 3 is left justified + \vrule#& % col 4 is a vrule + \hfil#\hfil& % col 5 is centred + \vrule#& % col 6 is a vrule + \hfil#& % col 7 is right justified + \vrule#\tabskip 0pt % col 8 is a vrule; no space after it + \cr % end of the preamble + \noalign{\hrule} + & & \multispan5 \hfil Oldest players to represent\hfil& \cr + & & \multispan5 \hfil England in a Test Match\hfil& \cr + \noalign{\hrule} + & & \omit\hfil Name\hfil& & % \omit ignores template in preamble + \omit\hfil Age\hfil& & + \omit\hfil Versus\hfil& \cr + \noalign{\hrule} + & & W.Rhodes& & 52y 165d& & West Indies, 1930& \cr + \noalign{\hrule} + & & W.G.Grace& & 50y 320d& & Australia, 1899& \cr + \noalign{\hrule} + & & G.Gunn& & 50y 303d& & West Indies, 1929& \cr + \noalign{\hrule} + & & J.Southerton{\ninerm*}& & 49y 139d& & Australia, 1877& \cr + \noalign{\hrule\smallskip} + & \multispan7\ninerm* (This was actually his Test debut.)\hfil \cr + } + } +\hskip .5in % space between table and matrix +A=\pmatrix % parenthesized matrix + {a_{11}& a_{12}& \ldots& a_{1n}\cr + a_{21}& a_{22}& \ldots& a_{2n}\cr + \vdots& \vdots& \ddots& \vdots\cr + a_{m1}& a_{m2}& \ldots& a_{mn}\cr + } +$$ + +\vskip -\the\belowdisplayskip % avoid too much space below display + +\subhead{Other features} + +Space does not permit examples of all the things \TeX\ can do. Here are some +more features you might like to know about: + +\item{$\bullet$} +Multi-column output can be generated. + +{\parskip=0pt % temporarily turn off the skipping between paragraphs +\item{$\bullet$} +\TeX\ has a very sophisticated paragraph building algorithm and rarely needs +to resort to hyphenation. Paragraphs can be indented and shaped in many +different ways. + +\item{$\bullet$} +Automatic insertion of footnotes,\footnote{\dag}{\ninerm Here is +a footnote.} running heads, page numbers etc. + +\item{$\bullet$} +\TeX\ makes provision for generating a table of contents, a bibliography, even +an index. Automatic section numbering and cross referencing are also possible. + +\item{$\bullet$} +A powerful macro facility is built into \TeX. This lets you do some very +useful things, like creating an abbreviation for a commonly used phrase, or +defining a new command that will have varying effects depending on the +parameters it is given. A macro package can enhance \TeX\ by making it much +easier to generate a document in a predefined format. +\par % end the last paragraph BEFORE ending the group +} % \parskip will now revert to its previous value + +\subhead{What CAN'T \TeX\ do?} + +Complex graphics such as diagrams and illustrations pose +a major problem --- at the moment you have to leave an appropriate amount of +blank space and paste them in later. +Graphic facilities are the subject of current research. + +\subhead{\TeX\ and VAX/VMS} + +The \TeX\ source file used to generate this document is available for +inspection on any VAX node that has \TeX --- +just type `{\tt scroll tex\char'137 inputs:example.tex}'. +A few steps are needed to print such a file: + +\item{(1)} +Type `{\tt tex example}' to ``compile'' the file. +(\TeX\ looks for a {\tt .tex} file by default. If it can't find the given +file in your current directory it will look in {\tt tex\char'137 inputs}.) +Two new files will be created in your current directory: +{\tt example.dvi} and {\tt example.lis}. +The former is a device independent description of the document; +the latter is simply a log of the \TeX\ run. + +{\parskip=0pt % temporarily turn off \parskip +\item{(2)} +Type `{\tt dvitovdu example}' to preview the document on a terminal screen. +This program can be used to detect a variety of formatting problems, +saving both time and paper. + +\item{(3)} +Type `{\tt imprint example}' to print the document. +(Note that the DVIto\kern-.15em VDU and IMPRINT commands +accept a {\tt .dvi} file by default). + +} % restore \parskip + +Detailed help on all these commands is available on-line --- try typing +`{\tt help tex}' to get started. + +\bye |