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>
<!--l. 36--><p class="noindent" ><a 
 id="top"></a>
</p><!--l. 36--><p class="indent" >
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p><!--l. 36--><p class="indent" >
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
<div class="center" 
>
<!--l. 36--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 36--><p class="noindent" ><span 
class="cmr-17">mfirstuc.sty v2.07: uppercasing first letter</span>
</p>
<div class="tabular"> <table id="TBL-1" class="tabular" 
 
><colgroup id="TBL-1-1g"><col 
id="TBL-1-1" /></colgroup><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-1-1-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;" id="TBL-1-1-1"  
class="td11">       <span 
class="cmr-12">Nicola L.C. Talbot           </span></td>
</tr><tr 
class="vspace" style="font-size:10.0pt"><td 
>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-1-2-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;" id="TBL-1-2-1"  
class="td11">        <span 
class="cmr-12">Dickimaw Books             </span></td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-1-3-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;" id="TBL-1-3-1"  
class="td11"><a 
href="http://www.dickimaw-books.com/" class="url" ><span 
class="cmtt-12">http://www.dickimaw-books.com/</span></a></td></tr></table>
</div>
<!--l. 36--><p class="noindent" ><span 
class="cmr-12">2021-10-15</span></p></div>
                                                                         

                                                                         
   <h2 class="likechapterHead"><a 
 id="x1-1000"></a>Contents</h2>
   <div class="tableofcontents">
   <span class="chapterToc" >1 <a 
href="#sec:intro" id="QQ2-1-2">Introduction</a></span>
<br />   <span class="chapterToc" >2 <a 
href="#sec:makefirstuc" id="QQ2-1-3">Capitalising the First Letter of a Word</a></span>
<br />   <span class="chapterToc" >3 <a 
href="#sec:capitalisewords" id="QQ2-1-4">Capitalise the First Letter of Each Word in a Phrase or Sentence (Title Case)</a></span>
<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >3.1 <a 
href="#sec:pdfbookmarks" id="QQ2-1-5">PDF Bookmarks</a></span>
<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="sectionToc" >3.2 <a 
href="#sec:nocap" id="QQ2-1-6">Excluding Words From Case-Changing</a></span>
<br />   <span class="chapterToc" >4 <a 
href="#sec:utf8" id="QQ2-1-7">UTF-8</a></span>
   </div>
                                                                         

                                                                         
<!--l. 39--><p class="indent" >   <div class="chapter"><h2 class="chapterHead">1. <a 
 id="sec:intro"></a>Introduction</h2>
</p><!--l. 42--><p class="indent" >   The <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc </span>package was originally part of the <span 
class="cmss-10">glossaries </span>bundle for use with commands
like <span 
class="cmtt-10">\Gls</span>, but as the commands provided by <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc </span>may be used without <span 
class="cmss-10">glossaries</span>, the two
have been split into separately maintained packages.
</p><!--l. 48--><p class="indent" >   <div class="important" title="Important Note"> The commands described here all have limitations. To minimise problems, use text-block
style semantic commands with one argument (the text that requires case-changing), and avoid
scoped declarations. </div>
</p><!--l. 53--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 55--><p class="indent" >   Here are some examples of semantic commands:
     </p><ol  class="enumerate1" >
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-2002x1">
     <!--l. 57--><p class="noindent" >Quoted material:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
     \newcommand{\qt}[1]{``#1''}
</pre>
     <!--l. 60--><p class="nopar" > (or use the <span 
class="cmss-10">csquotes </span>package). With this, the following works:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
     \makefirstuc{\qt{word}}
</pre>
     <!--l. 65--><p class="nopar" > This produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
     <br />&#8220;Word&#8221;
     <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
     Whereas
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
     \makefirstuc{``word''}
</pre>
     <!--l. 73--><p class="nopar" > fails (no case-change and double open quote becomes two single open quotes):
     <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
     <br />&#8216;&#8216;word&#8221;
     <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
     </p></li>
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-2004x2">
     <!--l. 80--><p class="noindent" >Font styles or colours:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
     \newcommand*{\alert}[1]{\textcolor{red}{#1}}
</pre>
     <!--l. 83--><p class="nopar" > Now the following is possible:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
     \makefirstuc{\alert{word}}
</pre>
     <!--l. 87--><p class="nopar" > This produces <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
     <br /><span id="textcolor1">Word</span>
     <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
     Note that <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{\textcolor{red}{word}}</span></span></span> fails (with an error) because the
     case-changing interferes with the label.</p></li></ol>
<!--l. 97--><p class="indent" >   Define these semantic commands robustly if you intend using any of the commands
that fully expand their argument (<span 
class="cmtt-10">\emakefirstuc</span>, <span 
class="cmtt-10">\ecapitalisewords </span>and
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\ecapitalisefmtwords</span>).
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
<!--l. 102--><p class="indent" >   </div>
</p><!--l. 102--><p class="noindent" ><a 
href="#top">Top</a><div class="chapter"><h2 class="chapterHead">2. <a 
 id="sec:makefirstuc"></a>Capitalising the First Letter of a Word</h2>
</p><!--l. 105--><p class="indent" >   A simple word can be capitalised just using the standard LaTeX&#x00A0;upper casing command.
For example,
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
\MakeUppercase&#x00A0;word
</pre>
<!--l. 109--><p class="nopar" > but for commands like <span 
class="cmtt-10">\Gls </span>the word may be embedded within the argument of another
command, such as a&#x00A0;font changing command. This makes things more complicated for
a&#x00A0;general purpose solution, so the <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc </span>package provides:
</p><!--l. 114--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\makefirstuc</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-3001"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 116--><p class="noindent" >
This makes the first object of &#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">stuff </span>&#x27E9; upper case unless &#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">stuff </span>&#x27E9; starts with a control sequence
followed by a non-empty group, in which case the first object in the group is converted to
upper case. <span 
class="cmbx-10">No expansion is performed on the argument.</span>
</p><!--l. 123--><p class="indent" >   If &#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">stuff </span>&#x27E9; starts with punctuation that should be skipped over, use:
</p><!--l. 125--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\MFUskippunc</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-3002"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUskippunc{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">punctuation</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 127--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 129--><p class="indent" >   <div class="important" title="Important Note"> If &#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">stuff </span>&#x27E9; starts with a control sequence that takes more than one argument, the
case-changing will always be applied to the <span 
class="cmti-10">first </span>argument. If the text that requires the case
change is in one of the other arguments, you must hide the earlier arguments in a wrapper
command. For example, instead of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\textcolor{red}{text}</span></span></span> you need to define, say, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\red</span></span></span> as
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\color{red}</span></span></span> and use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\red{text}</span></span></span>. </div>
</p><!--l. 137--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 139--><p class="indent" >   Examples: </p>
     <ul class="itemize1">
     <li class="itemize">
     <!--l. 141--><p class="noindent" ><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{abc}</span></span></span> produces Abc.
     </p></li>
     <li class="itemize">
     <!--l. 143--><p class="noindent" ><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{\emph{abc}}</span></span></span> produces <span 
class="cmti-10">Abc </span>(<span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><a 
 id="dx1-3003"></a> has been applied to the
     letter &#8220;a&#8221; rather than <span 
class="cmtt-10">\emph</span>). Note however that
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
     \makefirstuc{{\em&#x00A0;abc}}
</pre>
     <!--l. 148--><p class="nopar" > produces <span 
class="cmti-10">ABC </span>(first object is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{\em</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;abc}</span></span></span> so this is equivalent to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase{\em</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;abc}</span></span></span>),
     and
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-8">
     {\makefirstuc{\em&#x00A0;abc}}
</pre>
     <!--l. 153--><p class="nopar" > produces abc (<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\em</span></span></span> doesn&#8217;t have an argument therefore first object is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\em</span></span></span> and so is
     equivalent to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{\MakeUppercase{\em}abc}</span></span></span>).
     </p></li>
     <li class="itemize">
     <!--l. 158--><p class="noindent" ><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{{\&#8217;a}bc}</span></span></span> produces &Aacute;bc.
     </p></li>
     <li class="itemize">
     <!--l. 160--><p class="noindent" ><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{\ae</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;bc}</span></span></span> produces &AElig;bc.
     </p></li>
     <li class="itemize">
     <!--l. 162--><p class="noindent" ><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{{\ae}bc}</span></span></span> produces &AElig;bc.
     </p></li>
     <li class="itemize">
     <!--l. 164--><p class="noindent" ><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&auml;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">}bc}</span></span></span> produces &Auml;bc.
     </p></li>
     <li class="itemize">
     <!--l. 166--><p class="noindent" ><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{\MFUskippunc{&#8217;}tis</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;the</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;season}</span></span></span> produces &#8217;Tis the season.
</p>
     </li></ul>
<!--l. 171--><p class="indent" >   Note that non-Latin or accented characters appearing at the start of the text should be
placed in a group (even if you are using the <span 
class="cmss-10">inputenc</span><a 
 id="dx1-3004"></a> package). The reason for this restriction
is detailed in <a 
href="#sec:utf8"><span 
class="tcrm-1000">&sect;</span><span 
class="cmbx-10">4. </span></a><a 
href="#sec:utf8">UTF-8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:utf8 --></a>.
</p><!--l. 176--><p class="indent" >   <span 
class="cmbx-10">New to version 2.04: </span>There is now limited support for UTF-8 characters with the
<span 
class="cmss-10">inputenc</span><a 
 id="dx1-3005"></a> package, provided that you load <span 
class="cmss-10">datatool-base</span><a 
 id="dx1-3006"></a> (at least v2.24) before <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc</span>
(<span 
class="cmss-10">datatool-base</span><a 
 id="dx1-3007"></a> is loaded automatically with newer versions of <span 
class="cmss-10">glossaries</span><a 
 id="dx1-3008"></a>). If available <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc</span><a 
 id="dx1-3009"></a>
will now use <span 
class="cmss-10">datatool-base</span><a 
 id="dx1-3010"></a>&#8217;s <span 
class="cmtt-10">\dtl@getfirst@UTFviii</span><a 
 id="dx1-3011"></a> command which is still experimental.
See the <span 
class="cmss-10">datatool </span>manual for further details.
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-9">
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{datatool-base}[2016/01/12]%&#x00A0;v2.24+
\usepackage{mfirstuc}
\begin{document}
\makefirstuc{&eacute;lite}
\end{document}
</pre>
<!--l. 197--><p class="nopar" > (Package ordering is important.)
</p><!--l. 200--><p class="indent" >   <div class="important" title="Important Note"> In version 1.02 of <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc</span>, a bug fix resulted in a change in output if the first object is a
control sequence followed by an empty group. Prior to version 1.02, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{\ae{}bc}</span></span></span>
produced &aelig;Bc. However as from version 1.02, it now produces &AElig;bc. </div>
</p><!--l. 206--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 208--><p class="indent" >   Note also that
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-10">
\newcommand{\abc}{abc}
\makefirstuc{\abc}
</pre>
<!--l. 212--><p class="nopar" > produces: ABC. This is because the first object in the argument of <span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc </span>is <span 
class="cmtt-10">\abc</span>, so
it does <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase{\abc}</span></span></span>. Whereas:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-11">
\newcommand{\abc}{abc}
\expandafter\makefirstuc\expandafter{\abc}
</pre>
<!--l. 219--><p class="nopar" > produces: Abc. There is a short cut command which will do this:
</p><!--l. 221--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\xmakefirstuc</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-3012"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\xmakefirstuc{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 223--><p class="noindent" >
This is equivalent to <span 
class="cmtt-10">\expandafter\makefirstuc\expandafter{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">stuff </span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span>. So
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-12">
\newcommand{\abc}{abc}
\xmakefirstuc{\abc}
</pre>
<!--l. 228--><p class="nopar" > produces: Abc.
</p><!--l. 233--><p class="indent" >   <div class="important" title="Important Note"> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\xmakefirstuc </span>only performs one level expansion on the <span 
class="cmti-10">first </span>object in its argument. It
does not fully expand the entire argument. </div>
</p><!--l. 237--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 239--><p class="indent" >   As from version 1.10, there is now a command that fully expands the entire argument
before applying <span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span>:
</p><!--l. 241--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\emakefirstuc</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-3013"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\emakefirstuc{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">text</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 243--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 245--><p class="indent" >   Examples:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-13">
\newcommand{\abc}{\xyz&#x00A0;a}
\newcommand{\xyz}{xyz}
No&#x00A0;expansion:&#x00A0;\makefirstuc{\abc}.
First&#x00A0;object&#x00A0;one-level&#x00A0;expansion:&#x00A0;\xmakefirstuc{\abc}.
Fully&#x00A0;expanded:&#x00A0;\emakefirstuc{\abc}.
</pre>
<!--l. 252--><p class="nopar" > produces:  No expansion: XYZA. First object one-level expansion: XYZa. Fully expanded:
Xyza.
</p><!--l. 260--><p class="indent" >   If you use <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc </span>without the <span 
class="cmss-10">glossaries</span><a 
 id="dx1-3014"></a> package, the standard <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase </span>command
is used. If used with <span 
class="cmss-10">glossaries</span><a 
 id="dx1-3015"></a>, <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeTextUppercase</span><a 
 id="dx1-3016"></a> (defined by the <span 
class="cmss-10">textcase</span><a 
 id="dx1-3017"></a> package) is used
instead. If you are using <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc </span>without the <span 
class="cmss-10">glossaries </span>package and want to use
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeTextUppercase</span><a 
 id="dx1-3018"></a> instead, you can redefine
</p><!--l. 266--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\glsmakefirstuc</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-3019"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\glsmakefirstuc{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">text</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 268--><p class="noindent" >
For example:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-14">
\renewcommand{\glsmakefirstuc}[1]{\MakeTextUppercase&#x00A0;#1}
</pre>
<!--l. 272--><p class="nopar" > Remember to also load <span 
class="cmss-10">textcase</span><a 
 id="dx1-3020"></a> (<span 
class="cmss-10">glossaries </span>loads this automatically).
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
<!--l. 276--><p class="indent" >   </div>
</p><!--l. 276--><p class="noindent" ><a 
href="#top">Top</a><div class="chapter"><h2 class="chapterHead">3. <a 
 id="sec:capitalisewords"></a>Capitalise the First Letter of Each Word in a Phrase or Sentence (Title Case)</h2>
</p><!--l. 279--><p class="indent" >   New to mfirstuc v1.06:
</p><!--l. 280--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\capitalisewords</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-4001"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">text</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 282--><p class="noindent" >
This command applies <span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span><a 
 id="dx1-4002"></a> to each word in &#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">text</span>&#x27E9; where the space character is used
as the word separator. Note that it has to be a plain space character, not another form of
space, such as <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">~</span></span></span> or <span 
class="cmtt-10">\space</span>. Note that no expansion is performed on &#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">text</span>&#x27E9;. See <a 
href="#sec:nocap"><span 
class="tcrm-1000">&sect;</span><span 
class="cmbx-10">3.2 </span></a><a 
href="#sec:nocap">Excluding Words From Case-Changing<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:nocap --></a> for excluding words (such as &#8220;of&#8221;) from the
case-changing.
</p><!--l. 290--><p class="indent" >   The actual capitalisation of each word is done using
</p><!--l. 291--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\MFUcapwordfirstuc</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-4003"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUcapwordfirstuc{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">word</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 293--><p class="noindent" >
This just does <span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">word</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span>by default. There&#8217;s a conditional that determines
whether or not to consider a hyphen a word break:
</p><!--l. 297--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\ifMFUhyphen</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-4004"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\ifMFUhyphen </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 299--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 301--><p class="indent" >   If you want to title case each part of a compound word containing hyphens, you can enable
this using
</p><!--l. 303--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\MFUhyphentrue</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-4005"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUhyphentrue </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 305--><p class="noindent" >
or switch it back off again using:
</p><!--l. 307--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\MFUhyphenfalse</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-4006"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUhyphenfalse </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 309--><p class="noindent" >
Compare
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-15">
\capitalisewords{server-side&#x00A0;includes}
</pre>
<!--l. 313--><p class="nopar" > which produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />Server-side Includes
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
with
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-16">
\MFUhyphentrue
\capitalisewords{server-side&#x00A0;includes}
</pre>
<!--l. 322--><p class="nopar" > which produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />Server-Side Includes
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
Note that this won&#8217;t apply exceptions to each part of the hyphenated word.
</p><!--l. 331--><p class="indent" >   For other punctuation you need to markup the character with:
</p><!--l. 332--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\MFUwordbreak</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-4007"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUwordbreak{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">punctuation</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 334--><p class="noindent" >
For example:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-17">
\capitalisewords{a&#x00A0;big\MFUwordbreak{/}small&#x00A0;idea}
</pre>
<!--l. 338--><p class="nopar" > which produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />A Big/Small Idea
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
In this case, exceptions are applied. For example, if <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc-english</span><a 
 id="dx1-4008"></a> is loaded then:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-18">
\capitalisewords{one&#x00A0;and\MFUwordbreak{/}or&#x00A0;another}
</pre>
<!--l. 347--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />One and/or Another
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
Note that you can&#8217;t hide <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUwordbreak </span>inside a command or group.
</p><!--l. 355--><p class="indent" >   Exceptions aren&#8217;t applied if <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUwordbreak </span>occurs before the first space. For
example:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-19">
\MFUnocap{a}\MFUnocap{the}%
\capitalisewords{a\MFUwordbreak{/}the&#x00A0;something}
</pre>
<!--l. 360--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />A/The Something
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
</p><!--l. 367--><p class="indent" >   Formatting for the entire phrase must go outside <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords </span>(unlike
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span>). Compare:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-20">
\capitalisewords{\textbf{a&#x00A0;sample&#x00A0;phrase}}
</pre>
<!--l. 371--><p class="nopar" > which produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br /><span 
class="cmbx-10">A sample phrase</span>
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
with:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-21">
\textbf{\capitalisewords{a&#x00A0;sample&#x00A0;phrase}}
</pre>
<!--l. 379--><p class="nopar" > which produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br /><span 
class="cmbx-10">A Sample Phrase</span>
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
</p><!--l. 385--><p class="indent" >   As from version 2.03, there is now a command for phrases that may include a formatting
command:
</p><!--l. 388--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisefmtwords{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">phrase</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 389--><p class="noindent" >
where &#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">phrase</span>&#x27E9; may be just words (as with <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords</span>) or may be entirely enclosed in a
formatting command in the form </p><div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisefmtwords</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">cs</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">phrase</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
</div>
</div> or contain formatted sub-phrases <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisefmtwords</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">words</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">cs</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">sub-phrase</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">words</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
</div>
</div> Avoid scoped declarations.
<!--l. 401--><p class="indent" >   <div class="important" title="Important Note"> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisefmtwords </span>is only designed for phrases that contain text-block commands
with a single argument, which should be a word or sub-phrase. Anything more complicated is
likely to break. Instead, use the starred form or <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords</span>. </div>
</p><!--l. 407--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 409--><p class="indent" >   The starred form only permits a text-block command at the start of the phrase.
</p><!--l. 412--><p class="indent" >   Examples:
     </p><ol  class="enumerate1" >
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4010x1">
     <!--l. 414--><p class="noindent" >Phrase entirely enclosed in a formatting command:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-22">
     \capitalisefmtwords{\textbf{a&#x00A0;small&#x00A0;book&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}}
</pre>
     <!--l. 417--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
     <br /><span 
class="cmbx-10">A Small Book Of Rhyme</span>
     <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
     </p></li>
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4012x2">
     <!--l. 423--><p class="noindent" >Sub-phrase enclosed in a formatting command:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-23">
     \capitalisefmtwords{a&#x00A0;\textbf{small&#x00A0;book}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
     <!--l. 426--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
     <br />A <span 
class="cmbx-10">Small Book </span>Of Rhyme
     <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
     </p></li>
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4014x3">
     <!--l. 432--><p class="noindent" >Nested text-block commands:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-24">
     \capitalisefmtwords{\textbf{a&#x00A0;\emph{small&#x00A0;book}}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
     <!--l. 435--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
     <br /><span 
class="cmbx-10">A </span><span 
class="cmbxti-10">Small Book </span>Of Rhyme
     <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
     </p></li>
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4016x4">
     <!--l. 441--><p class="noindent" >Indicating words that shouldn&#8217;t have the case changed (see <a 
href="#sec:nocap"><span 
class="tcrm-1000">&sect;</span><span 
class="cmbx-10">3.2 </span></a><a 
href="#sec:nocap">Excluding
     Words From Case-Changing<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:nocap --></a>):
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-25">
     \MFUnocap{of}
     \capitalisefmtwords{\textbf{a&#x00A0;\emph{small&#x00A0;book}}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
     <!--l. 446--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
     <br /><span 
class="cmbx-10">A </span><span 
class="cmbxti-10">Small Book </span>of Rhyme
     <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
     </p></li>
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4018x5">
     <!--l. 453--><p class="noindent" >Starred form:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-26">
     \MFUnocap{of}
     \capitalisefmtwords*{\emph{a&#x00A0;small&#x00A0;book&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}}
</pre>
     <!--l. 457--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
     <br /><span 
class="cmti-10">A Small Book of Rhyme</span>
     <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
     </p></li>
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4020x6">
     <!--l. 464--><p class="noindent" >The starred form also works with just text (no text-block command):
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-27">
     \MFUnocap{of}
     \capitalisefmtwords*{a&#x00A0;small&#x00A0;book&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
     <!--l. 469--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
     <br />A Small Book of Rhyme
     <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
</p>
     </li></ol>
<!--l. 478--><p class="indent" >   If there is a text-block command within the argument of the starred form, it&#8217;s assumed to
be at the start of the argument. Unexpected results can occur if there are other commands.
For example
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-28">
\MFUnocap{of}
\capitalisefmtwords*{\emph{a&#x00A0;small}&#x00A0;book&#x00A0;\textbf{of&#x00A0;rhyme}}
</pre>
<!--l. 485--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br /><span 
class="cmti-10">A Small </span>Book <span 
class="cmbx-10">Of rhyme</span>
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
(In this case <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\textbf{of</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;rhyme}</span></span></span> is considered a single word.) Similarly if the text-block
command occurs in the middle of the argument:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-29">
\MFUnocap{of}
\capitalisefmtwords*{a&#x00A0;\emph{very&#x00A0;small}&#x00A0;book&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
<!--l. 497--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />A <span 
class="cmti-10">Very small </span>Book of Rhyme
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
(In this case <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\emph{very</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;small}</span></span></span> is considered a single word.)
</p><!--l. 506--><p class="indent" >   Grouping causes interference:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-30">
\capitalisefmtwords{{a&#x00A0;\emph{small&#x00A0;book}}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
<!--l. 509--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />A <span 
class="cmti-10">Small book </span>Of Rhyme
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
As with all the commands described here, avoid declarations. For example, the following
fails:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-31">
\capitalisefmtwords{{\bfseries&#x00A0;a&#x00A0;\emph{small&#x00A0;book}}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
<!--l. 518--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />a <span 
class="cmti-10">Small book </span>Of Rhyme
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
</p><!--l. 524--><p class="indent" >   Avoid complicated commands in the unstarred version. For example, the following
breaks:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-32">
\newcommand*{\swap}[2]{{#2}{#1}}
\capitalisefmtwords{a&#x00A0;\swap{bo}{ok}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
<!--l. 529--><p class="nopar" > However it works okay with the starred form and the simpler <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords</span>:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-33">
\newcommand*{\swap}[2]{{#2}{#1}}
\capitalisefmtwords*{a&#x00A0;\swap{bo}{ok}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
\capitalisewords{a&#x00A0;\swap{bo}{ok}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
<!--l. 537--><p class="nopar" > Produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />A okBo Of Rhyme
   <br />A okBo Of Rhyme
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
Note that the case change is applied to the first argument.
</p><!--l. 547--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\xcapitalisewords</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-4021"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\xcapitalisewords{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">text</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 549--><p class="noindent" >
This is a short cut for <span 
class="cmtt-10">\expandafter\capitalisewords\expandafter{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">text</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span>.
</p><!--l. 553--><p class="indent" >   As from version 1.10, there is now a command that fully expands the entire argument
before applying <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords</span>:
</p><!--l. 555--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\ecapitalisewords</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-4022"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\ecapitalisewords{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">text</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 557--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 559--><p class="indent" >   There are also similar shortcut commands for the version that allows text-block
commands:
</p><!--l. 561--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\xcapitalisefmtwords</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-4023"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\xcapitalisefmtwords{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">text</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 563--><p class="noindent" >
The unstarred version is a short cut for <span 
class="cmtt-10">\expandafter\capitalisefmtwords\expandafter</span>
<span 
class="cmtt-10">{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">text</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span>. Similarly the starred version of <span 
class="cmtt-10">\xcapitalisefmtwords </span>uses the starred version of
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisefmtwords</span>.
</p><!--l. 569--><p class="indent" >   For full expansion:
</p><!--l. 570--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\ecapitalisefmtwords</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-4024"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\ecapitalisefmtwords{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">text</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 572--><p class="noindent" >
Take care with this as it may expand non-robust semantic commands to replacement
text that breaks the functioning of <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisefmtwords</span>. Use robust semantic
commands where possible. Again this has a starred version that uses the starred form of
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisefmtwords</span>.
</p><!--l. 579--><p class="indent" >   Examples:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-34">
\newcommand{\abc}{\xyz\space&#x00A0;four&#x00A0;five}
\newcommand{\xyz}{one&#x00A0;two&#x00A0;three}
No&#x00A0;expansion:&#x00A0;\capitalisewords{\abc}.
First&#x00A0;object&#x00A0;one-level&#x00A0;expansion:&#x00A0;\xcapitalisewords{\abc}.
Fully&#x00A0;expanded:&#x00A0;\ecapitalisewords{\abc}.
</pre>
<!--l. 586--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />No expansion: ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE.
   <br />First object one-level expansion: ONE TWO THREE four Five.
   <br />Fully expanded: One Two Three Four Five.
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
</p><!--l. 596--><p class="indent" >   (Remember that the spaces need to be explicit. In the second case above, using
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\xcapitalisewords</span>, the space before &#8220;four&#8221; has been hidden within <span 
class="cmtt-10">\space </span>so it&#8217;s not
recognised as a word boundary, but in the third case, <span 
class="cmtt-10">\space </span>has been expanded to an actual
space character.)
</p><!--l. 602--><p class="indent" >   Examples:
     </p><ol  class="enumerate1" >
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4026x1">
     <!--l. 605--><p class="noindent" >
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-35">
     \capitalisewords{a&#x00A0;book&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme.}
</pre>
     <!--l. 607--><p class="nopar" > produces: A Book Of Rhyme.
     </p></li>
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4028x2">
     <!--l. 612--><p class="noindent" >
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-36">
     \capitalisewords{a&#x00A0;book\space&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme.}
</pre>
     <!--l. 614--><p class="nopar" > produces: A Book of Rhyme.
     </p></li>
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4030x3">
     <!--l. 619--><p class="noindent" >
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-37">
     \newcommand{\mytitle}{a&#x00A0;book\space&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme.}
     \capitalisewords{\mytitle}
</pre>
     <!--l. 622--><p class="nopar" > produces:  A BOOK OF RHYME. (No expansion is performed on <span 
class="cmtt-10">\mytitle</span>.) Compare
     with next example:
     </p></li>
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4032x4">
     <!--l. 629--><p class="noindent" >
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-38">
     \newcommand{\mytitle}{a&#x00A0;book\space&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme.}
     \xcapitalisewords{\mytitle}
</pre>
     <!--l. 632--><p class="nopar" > produces: A Book of Rhyme.
     </p><!--l. 636--><p class="noindent" >However
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-39">
     \ecapitalisewords{\mytitle}
</pre>
     <!--l. 639--><p class="nopar" > produces: A Book Of Rhyme. (<span 
class="cmtt-10">\space </span>has been expanded to an actual space
     character.)
     </p></li>
<li 
  class="enumerate" id="x1-4034x5">
     <!--l. 645--><p class="noindent" >
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-40">
     \newcommand*{\swap}[2]{{#2}{#1}}
     \capitalisewords{a&#x00A0;\swap{bo}{ok}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
     \ecapitalisewords{a&#x00A0;\swap{bo}{ok}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
     <!--l. 650--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
     <br />A okBo Of Rhyme
     <br />A OKbo Of Rhyme
     <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
     This is because the argument of <span 
class="cmtt-10">\ecapitalisewords </span>is fully expanded before being
     passed to <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords </span>so that last example is equivalent to:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
     <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-41">
     \capitalisewords{a&#x00A0;{ok}{bo}&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}
</pre>
     <!--l. 663--><p class="nopar" ></p></li></ol>
<!--l. 666--><p class="noindent" ><a 
href="#top">Top</a><h3 class="sectionHead"></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1   </span> <a 
 id="sec:pdfbookmarks"></a>PDF Bookmarks</h3>
<!--l. 669--><p class="noindent" ><div class="important" title="Important Note"> If you are using <span 
class="cmss-10">hyperref</span><a 
 id="dx1-5001"></a> and want to use <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords</span>, <span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisefmtwords </span>or
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span><a 
 id="dx1-5002"></a> (or the expanded variants) in a section heading, the PDF bookmarks won&#8217;t be
able to use the command as it&#8217;s not expandable, so you will get a warning that looks
like:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-42">
Package&#x00A0;hyperref&#x00A0;Warning:&#x00A0;Token&#x00A0;not&#x00A0;allowed&#x00A0;in&#x00A0;a&#x00A0;PDF&#x00A0;string
(PDFDocEncoding):
(hyperref)&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;removing&#x00A0;`\capitalisewords'
</pre>
<!--l. 679--><p class="nopar" > </div>
</p><!--l. 680--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 682--><p class="noindent" >If you want to provide an alternative for the PDF bookmark, you can use <span 
class="cmss-10">hyperref</span><a 
 id="dx1-5003"></a>&#8217;s
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\texorpdfstring</span><a 
 id="dx1-5004"></a> command. For example:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-43">
\chapter{\texorpdfstring
&#x00A0;&#x00A0;{\capitalisewords{a&#x00A0;book&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;rhyme}}%&#x00A0;TeX
&#x00A0;&#x00A0;{A&#x00A0;Book&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;Rhyme}%&#x00A0;PDF
}
</pre>
<!--l. 689--><p class="nopar" > Alternatively, you can use <span 
class="cmss-10">hyperref</span><a 
 id="dx1-5005"></a>&#8217;s mechanism for disabling commands within the
bookmarks. For example:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-44">
\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{%
&#x00A0;\let\capitalisewords\@firstofone
}
</pre>
<!--l. 696--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 698--><p class="indent" >   See the <span 
class="cmss-10">hyperref</span><a 
 id="dx1-5006"></a> manual for further details.
</p><!--l. 700--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 700--><p class="noindent" ><a 
href="#top">Top</a><h3 class="sectionHead"></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2   </span> <a 
 id="sec:nocap"></a>Excluding Words From Case-Changing</h3>
<!--l. 703--><p class="noindent" >As from v1.09, you can specify words which shouldn&#8217;t be capitalised unless they occur at the
start of &#x27E8;<span 
class="cmti-10">text</span>&#x27E9; using:
</p><!--l. 705--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\MFUnocap</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-6001"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUnocap{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">word</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 707--><p class="noindent" >
This only has a local effect. The global version is:
</p><!--l. 709--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\gMFUnocap</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-6002"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\gMFUnocap{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">word</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 711--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 713--><p class="indent" >   For example:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-45">
\capitalisewords{the&#x00A0;wind&#x00A0;in&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;willows}
\MFUnocap{in}%
\MFUnocap{the}%
\capitalisewords{the&#x00A0;wind&#x00A0;in&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;willows}
</pre>
<!--l. 721--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />The Wind In The Willows
   <br />The Wind in the Willows
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
The list of words that shouldn&#8217;t be capitalised can be cleared using
</p><!--l. 732--><p class="indent" >   <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="reversemarginpar"><span 
class="cmtt-9">\MFUclear</span><span 
class="cmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span></span><a 
 id="dx1-6003"></a> <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUclear </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 734--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 736--><p class="indent" >   You can also simply place an empty group in front of a word if you don&#8217;t want that specific
instance to be capitalised. For example:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-46">
\MFUclear
\capitalisewords{the&#x00A0;{}wind&#x00A0;in&#x00A0;the&#x00A0;willows}
</pre>
<!--l. 742--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />The wind In The Willows
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
This is also a useful way of protecting commands that shouldn&#8217;t be parsed. For
example:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-47">
\capitalisewords{this&#x00A0;is&#x00A0;section&#x00A0;{}\nameref{sec:nocap}.}
</pre>
<!--l. 752--><p class="nopar" > produces <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
   <br />This Is Section <a 
href="#sec:nocap">Excluding Words From Case-Changing<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:nocap --></a>.
   <br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
(No case-changing is applied to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\nameref{sec:nocap}</span></span></span>. It just happens to already be in title
case.)
</p><!--l. 760--><p class="indent" >   The package <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc-english</span><a 
 id="dx1-6004"></a> loads <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc </span>and uses <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUnocap </span>to add common
English articles and conjunctions, such as &#8220;a&#8221;, &#8220;an&#8221;, &#8220;and&#8221;, &#8220;but&#8221;. You may want
to add other words to this list, such as prepositions but, as there&#8217;s some dispute
over whether prepositions should be capitalised, I&#x00A0;don&#8217;t intend to add them to this
package.
</p><!--l. 767--><p class="indent" >   If you want to write a similar package for another language, all you need to do is create a
file with the extension <span 
class="cmtt-10">.sty </span>that starts with
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-48">
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
</pre>
<!--l. 772--><p class="nopar" > The next line should identify the package. For example, if you have called the file
<span 
class="cmtt-10">mfirstuc-french.sty </span>then you need:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-49">
\ProvidesPackage{mfirstuc-french}
</pre>
<!--l. 777--><p class="nopar" > It&#8217;s a good idea to also add a version in the final optional argument, for example:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-50">
\ProvidesPackage{mfirstuc-french}[2014/07/30&#x00A0;v1.0]
</pre>
<!--l. 782--><p class="nopar" > Next load <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc</span>:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-51">
\RequirePackage{mfirstuc}
</pre>
<!--l. 786--><p class="nopar" > Now add all your <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUnocap </span>commands. For example:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-52">
\MFUnocap{de}
</pre>
<!--l. 790--><p class="nopar" > At the end of the file add:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-53">
\endinput
</pre>
<!--l. 794--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 796--><p class="indent" >   Put the file somewhere on TeX&#8217;s path, and now you can use this package in your
document. You might also consider <a 
href="http://ctan.org/upload" >uploading it to CTAN</a> in case other users find it
useful.
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
<!--l. 801--><p class="indent" >   </div>
</p><!--l. 801--><p class="noindent" ><a 
href="#top">Top</a><div class="chapter"><h2 class="chapterHead">4. <a 
 id="sec:utf8"></a>UTF-8</h2>
</p><!--l. 804--><p class="indent" >   (See <a 
href="https://dickimaw-books.com/blog/binary-files-text-files-and-file-encodings/" >Binary Files, Text Files and File Encodings</a> if you are confused about how file
encodings such as UTF-8 relate to text files.)
</p><!--l. 809--><p class="indent" >   The <span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc </span>command works by utilizing the fact that, in most cases, TeX&#x00A0;doesn&#8217;t
require a regular argument to be enclosed in braces if it only consists of a single token. (This is
why you can do, say, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\frac12</span></span></span> instead of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\frac{1}{2}</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">x^2</span></span></span> instead of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">x^{2}</span></span></span>, although some
users frown on this practice.)
</p><!--l. 816--><p class="indent" >   A&#x00A0;simplistic version of the <span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc </span>command is:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-54">
\newcommand*{\FirstUC}[1]{\MakeUppercase&#x00A0;#1}
</pre>
<!--l. 819--><p class="nopar" > Here
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-55">
\FirstUC{abc}
</pre>
<!--l. 823--><p class="nopar" > is equivalent to
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-56">
\MakeUppercase&#x00A0;abc
</pre>
<!--l. 827--><p class="nopar" > and since <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase </span>requires an argument, it grabs the first token (the character &#8220;a&#8221; in
this case) and uses that as the argument so that the result is: Abc.
</p><!--l. 832--><p class="indent" >   The <span 
class="cmss-10">glossaries</span><a 
 id="dx1-7001"></a> package needs to take into account the fact that the text may be contained
in the argument of a formatting command, such as <span 
class="cmtt-10">\acronymfont</span>, so <span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc </span>has to be
more complicated than the trivial <span 
class="cmtt-10">\FirstUC </span>shown above, but at its basic level, <span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span>
uses this same method and is the reason why, in most cases, you don&#8217;t need to enclose the first
character in braces. So if </p><div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>&#x27E9;
</div>
</div> works, then <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span>
</div>
</div> should also work and so should <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">\foo{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
</div>
</div> but if <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>&#x27E9;
</div>
</div> doesn&#8217;t work, then neither will <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span>
</div>
</div> nor <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">\foo{</span>&#x27E8;<span 
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>&#x27E9;<span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 864--><p class="indent" >   Try the following document: </p><div class="alltt">
                                                                         

                                                                         
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\documentclass</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">article</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span 
class="cmtt-10">\usepackage[utf8]</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">inputenc</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br /><span 
class="cmtt-10">\usepackage[T1]</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">fontenc</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span 
class="cmtt-10">\begin</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">document</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&atilde;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">bc</span>
<br />
<br /><span 
class="cmtt-10">\end</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">document</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 878--><p class="indent" >   This will result in the error:
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
   <pre class="verbatim" id="verbatim-57">
!&#x00A0;Argument&#x00A0;of&#x00A0;\UTFviii@two@octets&#x00A0;has&#x00A0;an&#x00A0;extra&#x00A0;}.
</pre>
<!--l. 881--><p class="nopar" > This is why <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{</span></span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&atilde;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">bc</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span></span> won&#8217;t work. It will only work if the character <span 
class="cmtt-10">&atilde;</span> is placed
inside a group.
</p><!--l. 886--><p class="indent" >   The reason for this error message is due to TeX&#x00A0;having been written before Unicode was
invented. Although <span 
class="cmtt-10">&atilde;</span> may look like a single character in your text editor, from TeX&#8217;s point of
view it&#8217;s <span 
class="cmti-10">two </span>tokens. So </p><div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&atilde;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">bc</span>
</div>
</div> tries to apply <span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase </span>to just the first octet of &atilde;. This means that the second octet
has been separated from the first octet, which is the cause of the error. In this case the
argument isn&#8217;t a single token, so the two tokens (the first and second octet of &atilde;) must be
grouped: <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&atilde;</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">bc</span>
</div>
</div> Over recent years the LaTeX&#x00A0;kernel has changed to allow the use of UTF-8 characters within
labels but the fundamental problem of each octet been viewed as a separated token
remains.
<!--l. 905--><p class="indent" >   Note that XeTeX&#x00A0;(and therefore XeLaTeX) is a modern implementation of TeX&#x00A0;designed
to work with Unicode and therefore doesn&#8217;t suffer from this drawback. Now let&#8217;s look at the
XeLaTeX&#x00A0;equivalent of the above example: </p><div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span 
class="cmtt-10">\documentclass</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">article</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span 
class="cmtt-10">\usepackage</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">fontspec</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span 
class="cmtt-10">\begin</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">document</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&atilde;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">bc</span>
<br />
<br /><span 
class="cmtt-10">\end</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">document</span><span 
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 921--><p class="indent" >   This works correctly when compiled with XeLaTeX. This means that <span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">{</span></span></span><span 
class="cmtt-10">&atilde;</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">bc</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span></span>
will work <span 
class="cmti-10">provided you use XeLaTeX</span><span 
class="cmti-10">&#x00A0;and the </span><span 
class="cmssi-10">fontspec</span><a 
 id="dx1-7002"></a> <span 
class="cmti-10">package</span>.
</p><!--l. 925--><p class="indent" >   Version 2.24 of <span 
class="cmss-10">datatool-base</span><a 
 id="dx1-7003"></a> added the command <span 
class="cmtt-10">\dtl@getfirst@UTFviii </span>which
attempts to grab both octets. If this command has been defined, <span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc</span><a 
 id="dx1-7004"></a> will use it when it
tries to split the first character from the rest of the word. See the <a 
href="http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/datatool/datatool-code.pdf" ><span 
class="cmss-10">datatool </span>documented code</a>
for further details.
                                                                         

                                                                         
</p>
<!--l. 2--><p class="indent" >   </div>
</p><!--l. 2--><p class="noindent" ><a 
href="#top">Top</a></p><h2 class="likechapterHead"><a 
 id="x1-80004"></a>Index</h2>
                                                                       <span 
class="cmbx-10">C</span>
   <div class="theindex"><span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">8 </span><br /></span>
<p class="theindex">                                                                       <span 
class="cmbx-10">D</span>
<span class="index-item"><span 
class="cmss-10">datatool-base </span>package&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="underline">6</span>, <span class="underline">20</span> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex">                                                                       <span 
class="cmbx-10">E</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\ecapitalisefmtwords</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">13 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\ecapitalisewords</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">13 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\emakefirstuc</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">7 </span><br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex">                                                                       <span 
class="cmbx-10">F</span>
<span class="index-item"><span 
class="cmss-10">fontspec </span>package&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="underline">20</span> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex">                                                                       <span 
class="cmbx-10">G</span>
<span class="index-item"><span 
class="cmss-10">glossaries </span>package&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="underline">6, 7</span>, <span class="underline">18</span> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\glsmakefirstuc</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">7 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\gMFUnocap</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">15 </span><br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex">                                                                       <span 
class="cmbx-10">H</span>
<span class="index-item"><span 
class="cmss-10">hyperref </span>package&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="underline">15</span> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex">                                                                        <span 
class="cmbx-10">I</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\ifMFUhyphen</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">8 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span 
class="cmss-10">inputenc </span>package&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="underline">6</span> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex">                                                                       <span 
class="cmbx-10">M</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">5 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc </span>package&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="underline">6</span>, <span class="underline">20</span> <br /></span>
                                                                         

                                                                         
<span class="index-item"><span 
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc-english </span>package&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="underline">9</span>, <span class="underline">16</span> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUcapwordfirstuc</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">8 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUclear</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">16 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUhyphenfalse</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">8 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUhyphentrue</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">8 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUnocap</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">15 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUskippunc</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">5 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\MFUwordbreak</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">9 </span><br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex">                                                                       <span 
class="cmbx-10">T</span>
<span class="index-item"><span 
class="cmss-10">textcase </span>package&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="underline">7</span> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex">                                                                       <span 
class="cmbx-10">X</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\xcapitalisefmtwords</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">13 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\xcapitalisewords</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">13 </span><br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
class="cmtt-10">\xmakefirstuc</span></span></span>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmti-10">7 </span><br /></span>
</p></div>
    
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