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Subject: Hershey fonts
This submission is being sent in response to a question in texhax [#70].
I (jok@gpu.utcs.toronto.edu) am posting this submission for my father, Oliver.
Consequently, everything after this paragraph is written by him. I will
accept any responses and forward them to him. His interest in TeX
revolves around multi-lingual (hobby) desktop publishing.
Hershey fonts for the IBM PC are available from SoftCraft, Inc., and from
Austin Code Works. The SoftCraft set consists of four separate databases:
HERSHEY.CHR 1594 characters
ORIENT.CHR 758 char.
PERSIAN.CHR 135 char.
HEBREW.CHR 49 char.
The HERSHEY.CHR database includes, besides several Roman typefaces, Greek,
Russian, German Fraktur, and a variety of graphic symbols; the ORIENT.CHR
database has hiragana, katakana, and 623 kanji characters.
The format of the SoftCraft Hershey databases is given in their "Font Editing:
EFONT/CFONT User's Manual" on p. A5-2. Using this description, I wrote the
following Turbo Pascal 4.0 program to generate METAFONT source code from the
Hershey plotter directives:
HERSHEY.PAS
-----------
{$R-} {Range checking off}
{$B-} {Short-circuit Boolean evaluation}
{$S-} {Stack checking off}
{$I+} {I/O checking on}
{$N-} {Numeric coprocessor absent}
{$M 65500, 16384, 655360} {Turbo 3 default stack and heap}
program Hershey; {generates METAFONT source code from a Hershey character
database in SoftCraft format}
const
NMax = 157; {maximum number of plotter pen movement commands for one
character in the databases}
PenUp = $4000;
EndOfChar = 0;
var
H : file of integer; {Hershey database input}
Log : text; {METAFONT source output}
Code, Depth, EndChar, Height, I, J, K, N, StartChar, Width, XMax, XMin, Y0,
YMax, YMin : integer;
XY : array[0..NMax] of integer; {(x, y) coordinates}
Z : array[1..NMax] of byte; {METAFONT variables}
Database : string[7]; {database filename without extension}
procedure ReadH; {reads a plotter directive from the input file}
begin
if Eof(H) then
begin
Writeln('End of file at char = ', Code);
Close(H);
Close(Log);
Halt;
end;
Inc(N);
Read(H, XY[N]);
end; {ReadH}
begin
if ParamCount <> 3 then
begin
Writeln('Usage: HERSHEY database start end');
Halt;
end;
Database := ParamStr(1);
for Code := 1 to 7 do
Database[Code] := UpCase(Database[Code]);
Val(ParamStr(2), StartChar, Code);
if Code <> 0 then
begin
Writeln('Starting character not an integer');
Halt;
end;
Val(ParamStr(3), EndChar, Code);
if Code <> 0 then
begin
Writeln('Ending character not an integer');
Halt;
end;
Assign(H, Database + '.CHR');
Reset(H);
Assign(Log, Database + '.LOG');
Rewrite(Log);
Writeln(Log, '% ', Database + '.CHR ', StartChar, ' to ', EndChar);
for Code := 0 to StartChar do
begin
N := -1;
repeat
ReadH;
until XY[N] = EndOfChar;
end; {skip forward to specified start character}
Z[1] := 1;
for Code := StartChar to EndChar do
begin
Writeln(Log);
Writeln(Log, 'cmchar "', Database, ' ', Code, '";');
N := -1;
ReadH; {the width bytes}
XMin := Lo(XY[0]); {minimum x coordinate}
XMax := Hi(XY[0]); {maximum x coordinate}
Width := XMax - XMin; {width of character}
Y0 := 73; {default y bias}
if Database = 'HERSHEY' then
case Code of
0..88: Y0 := 68;
397..672: Y0 := 70;
end;
{Find minimum and maximum y values.}
YMax := 0;
YMin := 256;
repeat
ReadH;
if (XY[N] <> PenUp) and (XY[N] <> EndOfChar) then
begin
if Hi(XY[N]) > YMax then
YMax := Hi(XY[N]);
if Hi(XY[N]) < YMin then
YMin := Hi(XY[N]);
end; {if a real coordinate}
until XY[N] = EndOfChar;
Height := Y0 - YMin;
if YMax > Y0 then
Depth := YMax - Y0
else
Depth := 0;
Writeln(Log, 'beginchar(', Code mod 128, ', ', Width, 'u#, ', Height,
'u#, ', Depth, 'u#);');
Writeln(Log, 'adjust_fit(0, 0);');
Writeln(Log, 'pickup plotter_pen;');
for I := 2 to Pred(N) do
begin {enumerate unique coordinates}
Z[I] := 0;
if XY[I] <> PenUp then
begin
for J := Pred(I) downto 1 do
if XY[I] = XY[J] then
Z[I] := J;
if Z[I] = 0 then
Z[I] := I;
end;
end;
for I := 1 to Pred(N) do
if Z[I] = I then
Writeln(Log, 'z', I, ' = (', Lo(XY[I]) - XMin, 'u, ', Y0 - Hi(XY[I]),
'u);');
I := 0;
J := 1;
repeat
Inc(I);
if (XY[I] = PenUp) or (XY[I] = EndOfChar) then
begin
case I - J of {number of points joined by consecutive line segments}
0: ;
1: Writeln(Log, 'drawdot z', Z[J], ';');
2: if Z[J] = Z[Succ(J)] then
Writeln(Log, 'drawdot z', Z[J], ';')
else
Writeln(Log, 'draw z', Z[J], '--z', Z[Succ(J)], ';');
else
begin
Write(Log, 'draw z', Z[J]);
for K := Succ(J) to Pred(I) do
Write(Log, '--z', Z[K]);
Writeln(Log, ';');
end; {3 or more}
end; {case}
J := Succ(I);
end; {if a real coordinate}
until I = N;
Writeln(Log, 'endchar;');
end; {specified range of characters}
Close(H);
Close(Log);
end.
As a test case I used the DOS command
hershey orient 0 1
to produce the following output:
ORIENT.LOG
----------
% ORIENT.CHR 0 to 1
cmchar "ORIENT 0";
beginchar(0, 27u#, 12u#, 0u#);
adjust_fit(0, 0);
pickup plotter_pen;
z1 = (3u, 10u);
z2 = (25u, 10u);
z3 = (22u, 12u);
z4 = (20u, 10u);
z7 = (23u, 11u);
draw z1--z2--z3--z4;
draw z4--z7;
endchar;
cmchar "ORIENT 1";
beginchar(1, 27u#, 22u#, 0u#);
adjust_fit(0, 0);
pickup plotter_pen;
z1 = (3u, 20u);
z2 = (25u, 20u);
z3 = (23u, 22u);
z4 = (21u, 20u);
z7 = (24u, 21u);
z9 = (13u, 20u);
z10 = (12u, 13u);
z11 = (11u, 9u);
z12 = (10u, 7u);
z13 = (8u, 4u);
z14 = (6u, 2u);
z15 = (3u, 0u);
z17 = (14u, 20u);
z18 = (13u, 13u);
z19 = (12u, 9u);
z20 = (10u, 5u);
z21 = (8u, 3u);
z22 = (5u, 1u);
z25 = (13u, 14u);
z26 = (21u, 14u);
z28 = (20u, 14u);
z29 = (21u, 15u);
z30 = (23u, 14u);
z31 = (21u, 11u);
z34 = (20u, 7u);
z35 = (19u, 3u);
z36 = (18u, 2u);
z37 = (16u, 1u);
z38 = (13u, 2u);
z40 = (19u, 2u);
z41 = (18u, 1u);
z42 = (17u, 1u);
z44 = (22u, 14u);
z45 = (21u, 7u);
z46 = (20u, 3u);
z47 = (19u, 1u);
z48 = (18u, 0u);
z49 = (17u, 0u);
draw z1--z2--z3--z4;
draw z4--z7;
draw z9--z10--z11--z12--z13--z14--z15;
draw z17--z18--z19--z20--z21--z22--z15;
draw z25--z26;
draw z28--z29--z30--z31;
draw z26--z34--z35--z36--z37--z38;
draw z40--z41--z42;
draw z44--z45--z46--z47--z48--z49--z37;
endchar;
I used the following METAFONT parameter file:
ORIENT.MF
---------
% This is ORIENT.MF in text format, as of May 6, 1988.
% Based on Computer Modern Roman 10 point
if unknown cmbase: input cmbase fi
font_identifier:="ORIENT"; font_size 10pt#;
u#:=20/36pt#; % unit width
width_adj#:=0pt#; % width adjustment for certain characters
serif_fit#:=0pt#; % extra sidebar near lowercase serifs
cap_serif_fit#:=5/36pt#; % extra sidebar near uppercase serifs
letter_fit#:=0pt#; % extra space added to all sidebars
body_height#:=270/36pt#; % height of tallest characters
asc_height#:=250/36pt#; % height of lowercase ascenders
cap_height#:=246/36pt#; % height of caps
fig_height#:=232/36pt#; % height of numerals
x_height#:=155/36pt#; % height of lowercase without ascenders
math_axis#:=90/36pt#; % axis of symmetry for math symbols
bar_height#:=87/36pt#; % height of crossbar in lowercase e
comma_depth#:=70/36pt#; % depth of comma below baseline
desc_depth#:=70/36pt#; % depth of lowercase descenders
crisp#:=0pt#; % diameter of serif corners
tiny#:=8/36pt#; % diameter of rounded corners
fine#:=7/36pt#; % diameter of sharply rounded corners
thin_join#:=7/36pt#; % width of extrafine details
hair#:=9/36pt#; % lowercase hairline breadth
stem#:=25/36pt#; % lowercase stem breadth
curve#:=30/36pt#; % lowercase curve breadth
ess#:=27/36pt#; % breadth in middle of lowercase s
flare#:=33/36pt#; % diameter of bulbs or breadth of terminals
dot_size#:=38/36pt#; % diameter of dots
cap_hair#:=11/36pt#; % uppercase hairline breadth
cap_stem#:=32/36pt#; % uppercase stem breadth
cap_curve#:=37/36pt#; % uppercase curve breadth
cap_ess#:=35/36pt#; % breadth in middle of uppercase s
rule_thickness#:=.4pt#; % thickness of lines in math symbols
dish#:=1/36pt#; % amount erased at top or bottom of serifs
bracket#:=20/36pt#; % vertical distance from serif base to tangent
jut#:=28/36pt#; % protrusion of lowercase serifs
cap_jut#:=37/36pt#; % protrusion of uppercase serifs
beak_jut#:=10/36pt#; % horizontal protrusion of beak serifs
beak#:=70/36pt#; % vertical protrusion of beak serifs
vair#:=8/36pt#; % vertical diameter of hairlines
notch_cut#:=10pt#; % maximum breadth above or below notches
bar#:=11/36pt#; % lowercase bar thickness
slab#:=11/36pt#; % serif and arm thickness
cap_bar#:=11/36pt#; % uppercase bar thickness
cap_band#:=11/36pt#; % uppercase thickness above/below lobes
cap_notch_cut#:=10pt#; % max breadth above/below uppercase notches
serif_drop#:=4/36pt#; % vertical drop of sloped serifs
stem_corr#:=1/36pt#; % for small refinements of stem breadth
vair_corr#:=1/36pt#; % for small refinements of hairline height
apex_corr#:=0pt#; % extra width at diagonal junctions
o#:=8/36pt#; % amount of overshoot for curves
apex_o#:=8/36pt#; % amount of overshoot for diagonal junctions
slant:=0; % tilt ratio $(\Delta x/\Delta y)$
fudge:=1; % factor applied to weights of heavy characters
math_spread:=0; % extra openness of math symbols
superness:=1/sqrt2; % parameter for superellipses
superpull:=1/6; % extra openness inside bowls
beak_darkness:=11/30; % fraction of triangle inside beak serifs
ligs:=2; % level of ligatures to be included
square_dots:=false; % should dots be square?
hefty:=false; % should we try hard not to be overweight?
serifs:=true; % should serifs and bulbs be attached?
monospace:=false; % should all characters have the same width?
variant_g:=false; % should an italic-style g be used?
low_asterisk:=false; % should the asterisk be centered at the axis?
math_fitting:=false; % should math-mode spacing be used?
font_coding_scheme:="Hershey ORIENT.CHR";
mode_setup; font_setup;
px#:=rule_thickness#; % horizontal thickness of pen
py#:=.9px#; % vertical pen thickness
define_blacker_pixels(px,py);
pickup pencircle xscaled px yscaled py;
plotter_pen:=savepen;
input \ff\orient.log
font_slant slant; font_x_height x_height#;
if monospace: font_normal_space 9u#; % no stretching or shrinking
font_quad 18u#;
font_extra_space 9u#;
else: font_normal_space 6u#+2letter_fit#;
font_normal_stretch 3u#; font_normal_shrink 2u#;
font_quad 18u#+4letter_fit#;
font_extra_space 2u#; fi
bye.
The following sequence of DOS commands
cd\ff
hershey orient 0 127
cd\pcmf
mf &cm \mode=epson; \mag=magstep 0; input orient /a=99/t
produced ORIENT.240 and ORIENT.TFM in \pcmf for my Epson FX-85 printer,
containing the first 128 characters of ORIENT.CHR.
The characters in the Austin Code Works Hershey database are numbered 1--4326,
with gaps, for a total of 1,377 different alphabetic and graphic characters.
The format is described in Norman M. Wolcott and Joseph Hilsenrath, "A
Contribution to Computer Typesetting Techniques: Tables of Coordinates for
Hershey's Repertory of Occidental Type Fonts and Graphic Symbols," U.S.
Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, April 1976. In any case,
the following Turbo Pascal 4.0 program converts the ACW Hershey database to
SoftCraft format for further processing.
ACWTOSC.PAS
-----------
{$R-} {Range checking off}
{$B-} {Short-circuit Boolean evaluation}
{$S-} {Stack checking off}
{$I+} {I/O checking on}
{$N-} {No numeric coprocessor}
{$M 65500, 16384, 655360} {Turbo 3 default stack and heap}
program ACWtoSC; {converts the Hershey font tables distributed by The Austin
Code Works to the format expected by the Cfont program of SoftCraft, Inc.}
const
PenUp : integer = $4000;
type
S3 = string[3];
var
Buf1 : array[1..$2000] of char;
F1 : text;
H : file of integer;
L1 : string[80];
Fn : array[1..2] of string[64];
Code, I, L, M, XY : integer;
X, Y : array[1..144] of integer;
Eoc : boolean;
function V(S : S3) : integer;
var
I : integer;
begin
Val(S, I, Code);
if (Code <> 0) or ((I < -49) and (I <> -64)) or (I > 49) then
begin
Writeln(L1);
Writeln('Code = ', Code);
Halt(3);
end;
V := I;
end;
begin
if ParamCount <> 2 then
begin
Writeln('Usage: ACWTOSC file1 file2');
Halt(3);
end;
for L := 1 to 2 do
begin
Fn[L] := ParamStr(L);
for M := 1 to Length(Fn[L]) do
Fn[L][M] := UpCase(Fn[L][M]);
end;
Assign(F1, Fn[1]);
SetTextBuf(F1, Buf1);
{$I-} Reset(F1); {$I+}
if IOResult <> 0 then
begin
Writeln('Cannot open ', Fn[1]);
Halt(3);
end;
Assign(H, Fn[2]);
{$I-} Rewrite(H); {$I+}
if IOResult <> 0 then
begin
Writeln('Cannot open ', Fn[2]);
Close(F1);
Halt(3);
end;
while not Eof(F1) do
begin
Readln(F1, L1);
if Copy(L1, 5, 1) <> ' ' then
begin
M := 0;
Eoc := false;
end;
L := 0;
repeat
Inc(L);
Inc(M);
X[M] := V(Copy(L1, 8 * L + 1, 3));
Y[M] := V(Copy(L1, 8 * L + 5, 3));
if (X[M] = -64) and (Y[M] = -64) then
begin
Eoc := true;
Write(H, Code); {two bytes of zeros before each character}
XY := 256 * (Y[1] + 64) + X[1] + 64; {width of character}
Write(H, XY);
for I := 2 to Pred(M) do
if X[I] = -64 then
Write(H, PenUp)
else
begin
XY := 256 * (73 + Y[I]) + X[I] + 64;
Write(H, XY);
end;
end;
until (L = 8) or Eoc;
end;
Write(H, Code); {two bytes of zeros at end of file}
Close(F1);
Close(H);
end.
-------
|