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   Volume 5                                                       Number 3
 
                     A Mostly Unofficial Publication for
                     Users of the TeX Typesetting System
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contents
 
Departments
  \footnote{}........................................................2
  Letters to the Editor..............................................3
  ToolBox............................................................4
 
Articles
  Help with Letters and Envelopes in LaTeX...........................5
 
Special International Articles
   Towards a Font for Africa.........................................6
   Announcing YUNUS, a Turkish TeX List..............................7
   Call for the Discussion and Development of Greek TeX..............8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3                                        page 2
_______________________________________________________________________________
|                                                                             |
|          \footnote{Interesting Developments in International TeX}           |
|_____________________________________________________________________________|
 
 
As you will note in this issue, there are some international
developments in the international field of TeX, namely, African,
Turkish, and Greek TeX all make an appearance in this issue. If you
are at all interested in the development of international TeX you will
find a great wealth of information below. For the Greek speakers there
is a bilingual article towards the end.
 
The TeXMaG.TeX Macro mentioned last issue should surface sometime this
summer. I'll try to quit breaking my self-imposed deadlines when it
comes to these kinds of things.
 
See you all next month...
 
-neil
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3                                        page 3
_______________________________________________________________________________
|                                                                             |
|                           Letters to the Editor                             |
|_____________________________________________________________________________|
 
 
+-----------------------------+
|   More on MF and Hershey    |
+-----------------------------+
 
 
In TeXMaG V5N1, someone wrote that the Hershey fonts do not exist in
MF form. This is not true. The Hershey fonts can be produced by
running a program which translates a "Hershey spec file" into an MF
file, then Metafont will process this file as usual. There are two
databases from which character descriptions for the spec file can be
taken: an occidental database and an oriental database; together they
contain instructions for drawing some  2400 characters. Ken Yap did
the work on this, I believe, and separated out four distinct fonts, a
script font and three "Gothic" fonts. I retrieved all the material
required to build the fonts from some server or other about a year
ago.
 
I have written or modified a number of programs to turn the database
into MF files under VMS (Yap's stuff is all UNIX and I had a bit of
trouble getting everything to work right). I now have files and
programs which make it easy to print the entire database for
examination, and I have MF files for Yap's four fonts plus a font
containing a number of the symbols in the database which I found
interesting. These include planetary symbols, astrological symbols and
a variety of oddball symbols. I also have a TeX file which defines
reasonable control sequences to produce the symbols. I would be happy
to send what I have to anyone or to post it in some appropriate
place---perhaps YMIR? I'd also be glad to write a longer description
for TeXMaG if you like.
 
-- David
 
 
+--------------------------+
|   Mode_def list for MF   |
+--------------------------+
 
 
I have collected all the Metafont modes I could find, with Doug
Henderson's help, and also auxiliary definitions for write-write
printers, GF specials, etc., etc.  I hope people will start using this
as their ``local'' file.
 
It's on ftp.cs.umb.edu [192.12.26.23] in pub/tex/modes.mf.
 
karl@cs.umb.edu
 
 
 
+--------------------------+
|   On LaTeX and Patents   |
+--------------------------+
 
Are you aware of the existence of a LaTeX style file suitable for
writing up applications for US patents? It is a two-column style, but
the columns are numbered, rather than the pages, and the lines are
numbered between the columns, every 5th line. Any assistance you can
give would be appreciated.
 
[Sounds like a good job for some industrious LaTeXer! -ed.]
 
 
 
+-------------------+
|   More On LaTeX   |
+-------------------+
 
 
>Is there a way to design a non-standard pagenumbering in LaTeX? I need a
>document to have hyphenated page numbers such as 1-1, 1-2, 1-3,... and
>nothing I've tried has worked!
>
>INTERNET: a1grandbois@cudnvr.denver.colorado.edu
 
 
If all you wanted was each page number to be prefixed with 1- you
could just do
 
           \renewcommand{\thepage}{1-\arabic{page}}
 
either in the preamble of your document (between the \documentstyle
line and the \begin{document} or in a seperate .sty file you refer to
in square brackets in the \documentstyle line.
 
However, chances are you want to actually have the number before the
hyphen be the chapter number (or perhaps section or part, which would
be analogous).  You can nearly do this with
 
        \renewcommand{\thepage}{\arabic{chapter}-\arabic{page}}
 
The only problem is that the page number will continue to be stepped
consecutively through the whole document, rather than reset to one at
the start of each chapter as you probably desire.  To achieve that
effect, you have to add the page counter to the "reset list" for the
chapter counter.  Unfortunately, that would reset it to zero rather
than one, so we have to change the reseting mechanism to make a
special case of the page counter, reseting it to one instead.  To get
all of these things to happen, but the following in a file such as
chappg.sty and then use \documentstyle[chappg]{report} or whatnot:
 
\renewcommand{\thepage}{\arabic{chapter}-\arabic{page}}% chapter-page numbering
\@addtoreset{page}{chapter}% reset page number when chapter is stepped
% The next magic makes the page counter be reset to one rather than zero
\def\@stpelt#1{\global\csname c@#1\endcsname
               \expandafter\ifx \csname#1\endcsname \page
                  \@ne
               \else
                  \z@ \fi}
 
 
Hope this helps.
 
-Max Hailperin <max@nic.gac.edu> for LaTeX-help
 
 
+------------------------------+
|  On Writing Device Drivers   |
+------------------------------+
 
 
I am having difficulty locating information on how to write a device
driver for TeX.  I have a DeskJet 500 and sent away for a device driver,
for a cost, only to receive a badly coded "correction" to a LaserJet driver
that does not even work.  I think I could write a very good DeskJet driver
and would be glad to make it available free.
 
-Ken Burrell
 ktb@r.lanl.gov
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3                                        page 4
_______________________________________________________________________________
|                                                                             |
|                                The ToolBox                                  |
|_____________________________________________________________________________|
 
[Inwords.TeX revisited! -ed.]
 
I enjoyed Raymond Chen's macros in TeXMaG 5/2 to convert a number to its
verbose equivalent.  When I used them I quickly found some small problems:
Some spaces get doubled ("one hunderd  thousand") and zero is ignored.
I made some patches, including the ability to capitalise the first letter.
(I would have sent this to Ray Chen, but his address was not given with his
letter.)
 
So here is the modified version of inwords.tex
 
% inwords.tex -- convert a number into words (in English)
%
% Usage:  \inwords{...}         \Cap\inwords{...}
%
%   where ... is the number to be converted.  Specifying \Cap capitalizes
%   the first letter of the first word, as for the beginning of a sentence.
%
% Example:
%
%  The number \inwords{314159265} is very large.
%
% produces
%
%  The number three hundred fourteen million one hundred fifty-nine
%  thousand two hundred sixty-five is very large.
%
%
% Bugs:  Some versions of TeX (produced by web2c) erroneously claim that
%            \count0=2
%            \multiply\count0 by 1000000000
%        generates an overflow error.  It shouldn't; the result is still
%        within the range of a count variable.  Hence, the \inwords
%        macro may generate overflow errors if you try to print out
%        numbers greater than or equal to 2 billion.
%
%%  by Raymond Chen
% %  change to avoid doubled spaces, allow zero or negative, and
% %  allow capitalization via \Cap                    -- Donald Arseneau
\catcode`\@=11
 
\def\undertwenty#1{\expandafter \C@
    \ifcase#1\relax\or one \or two \or three \or four \or five \or
    six \or seven \or eight \or nine \or ten \or eleven \or twelve \or
    thirteen\or fourteen \or fifteen \or sixteen \or seventeen \or
    eighteen \or nineteen \fi}
 
% The careful sidestepping involved in \count@=#1 \allocationnumber=\count@
% is to make sure the right thing happens, even if #1=\count@ or
% #1=\allocationnumber.
%
% We use \allocationnumber as a scratch count variable.  It and \count@
% are always used inside a group, so their original values will be
% restored when the macros finish their job.
 
\def\underhundred#1{\ifnum#1<20 \undertwenty{#1}\else
  {\count@#1\relax \allocationnumber\count@ \divide\count@ 10
   \expandafter \C@
   \ifcase\count@ \or\or twenty\or thirty\or forty\or fifty\or sixty\or
           seventy\or eighty\or ninety\fi
   \multiply\count@ 10
   \advance\allocationnumber by-\count@
   \ifnum\allocationnumber>\z@ -\undertwenty\allocationnumber
   \else\space\fi
  }\fi}
 
\def\numbersplit#1#2#3#4#5{%
  \ifnum#5<#1\relax#2{#5}\else
  {\count@#5\relax \allocationnumber\count@ \divide\count@ #1\relax
   #3\count@#4\multiply\count@ #1\relax
   \advance\allocationnumber-\count@ #2\allocationnumber
  }\fi}
 
\def\underthousand{\numbersplit{100}\underhundred\undertwenty{hundred }}
\def\undermillion{\numbersplit\@m\underthousand\underthousand{thousand }}
\def\underbillion{\numbersplit{1000000}\undermillion\underthousand{million }}
\def\inwords#1{\ifnum#1=\z@ \C@ zero \else\ifnum#1<\z@ \C@ negative %
  \numbersplit{1000000000}\underbillion\underthousand{billion }{-#1}\else
  \numbersplit{1000000000}\underbillion\underthousand{billion }{#1}\fi\fi
  \unskip}
 
\def\Cap{\global\let\C@\C@pit}
\def\C@pit#1{\uppercase{#1}\global\let\C@\relax}
\global\let\C@\relax
 
\catcode`\@=12
%------------- % End of inwords.tex  ----------
 
Some tests:
I have \inwords{163} dollars and \inwords{84} cents, and \inwords{0} sense.
Counting my mortgage, I have \inwords{-85340} dollars.
\Cap\inwords{314159265} is a very large number.
\Cap\inwords{-100000} is a round negative number;
\inwords{1000000001} is a positive number, but slightly eccentric.
\bye
 
At the risk of making the macros too "smart" for their own good, we
could make capitalization "automatic" by substituting:
 
 \def\inwords#1{\ifnum2999<\spacefactor\Cap\fi \ifnum#1=\z@ \C@ zero...
 
But this would be so prone to failure that I would recommend against it.
 
 
Donald Arseneau                     asnd@triumfcl.bitnet
                                    asnd@reg.triumf.ca
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3                                        page 5
_______________________________________________________________________________
|                                                                             |
|                   Help with Letters and Envelopes in LaTeX                  |
|_____________________________________________________________________________|
 
 
In the article Letter Printing using DVIlaser/HP (V2N4), information
was presented to show how to get envelopes with the TeX Letter style.
Working with that idea I have tried to use the LaTeX letter style
 
               % LETTER DOCUMENT STYLE -- Released 20 July 1987
               %    for LaTeX version 2.09
               % Copyright (C) 1987 by Leslie Lamport
 
and the envelope style
 
               %From: <DLV%CUNYVMS1.BITNET@uwavm.acs.washington.edu>
 
to create a LaTeX letter/envelope style which would automatically
generate the input file for the envelope style file.
 
I have had limited success in this project. The envelope style file
uses for the return address a command "\from{address}". I have not
been able to get  LaTeX to write out the "{" and"}" characters.  The
number of lines in the from address must be known in advance and the
style modified to only display that number of lines for the return
address.
 
An additional feature would be to parse the zip code from the last line
of the address and include the envelope command "\zipcode{12345-6789}"
to typeset the barcode for the zipcode. Also the definition of a
flag to turn on or off the creation of the envelope file.
 
The file created is the same name as the letter file with the
extension of "env".
 
Any help on this would be appreciated enclosed are the three commands
I modified, Begin Document, End letter, and End document.
 
%begin document
\def\document{\endgroup
  \@colht\textheight  \@colroom\textheight \vsize\textheight
   \columnwidth\textwidth \@clubpenalty\clubpenalty
   \if@twocolumn \advance\columnwidth -\columnsep
      \divide\columnwidth\tw@ \hsize\columnwidth \@firstcolumntrue
   \fi
  \hsize\columnwidth \linewidth\hsize
  \begingroup\@floatplacement\@dblfloatplacement\endgroup
  \if@filesw \immediate\openout\@mainaux=\jobname.aux
   \immediate\write\@mainaux{\string\startlabels\string\@startlabels}\fi
          \immediate\openout0=\jobname.env
          \immediate\write0{\noexpand\documentstyle[12pt,env]{article}}
          \immediate\write0{\noexpand\nofiles}
          \immediate\write0{\noexpand\begin{document}}
          \immediate\write0{\noexpand\sf}
          \immediate\write0{\noexpand\from}
          \immediate\write0{\noexpand\beginfrom}
          \write0{\fromname\noexpand\\}
          \write0{\fromlineone\noexpand\\}
          \write0{\fromlinetwo\noexpand\\}
         \ifx\fromlinethree\@empty %
         \else\write0{\fromlinethree\noexpand\\}\fi
          \ifx\fromlinefour\@empty %
          \else\write0{\fromlinefour\noexpand\\}\fi
          \ifx\fromlinefive\@empty %
          \else\write0{\fromlinefive\noexpand\\}\fi
          \write0{\noexpand\endfrom}
  \def\do##1{\let ##1\@notprerr}
  \@preamblecmds
  \let\do\noexpand
  \@normalsize\everypar{}}
%%%% End Document
\def\enddocument{\@checkend{document}\newpage\begingroup
\if@filesw \immediate\closeout\@mainaux
\makeatletter\input \jobname.aux\clearpage
\fi\endgroup
\immediate\write0{\noexpand\end{document}}
\immediate\write0{}\closeout0%
\deadcycles\z@\@@end}
 
%%%% End letter
\def\endletter{\stopletter\@@par\pagebreak\@@par
  \begingroup
    \def\protect{\string}
    \let\\=\relex
    \def\\protect##1{\string##1\space}
    {\immediate\write0{\noexpand\begin{envelope}}
         \ifx\tolineone\@empty %
         \else\immediate\write0{\tolineone\noexpand\\}\fi
         \ifx\tolinetwo\@empty %
         \else\immediate\write0{\tolinetwo\noexpand\\}\fi
         \ifx\tolinethree\@empty %
         \else\immediate\write0{\tolinethree\noexpand\\}\fi
         \ifx\tolinefour\@empty %
         \else\immediate\write0{\tolinefour\noexpand\\}\fi
         \ifx\tolinefive\@empty %
         \else\immediate\write0{\tolinefive\noexpand\\}\fi
         \ifx\tolinesix\@empty %
         \else\immediate\write0{\tolinesix\noexpand\\}\fi
         \ifx\tolineseven\@empty %
         \else\immediate\write0{\tolineseven\noexpand\\}\fi
     \immediate\write0{\noexpand\end{envelope}}}
  \endgroup
%
  \if@filesw
    \begingroup
      \def\protect{\string}
      \let\\=\relax
      \def\protect##1{\string##1\space}
      \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\mlabel{\returnaddress}{\toname
           \\\toaddress}}
    \endgroup
  \fi}

 
TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3                                        page 6
_______________________________________________________________________________
|                                                                             |
|                         Towards a Font for Africa                           |
|_____________________________________________________________________________|
 
% fcreadme.txt
by J"org Knappen
10-MAR-1991
 
African languages use several zusatz characters, which are not included in
european standards. This was the starting point for this work.
 
I evaluated a list of characters to include into an african font and
created a font encoding scheme. This scheme I call FC (aFrican Computer)
and it is now at the status of a draft. It is designed to overlap the EC
font encoding scheme (TeX-conference hold at Cork 1990) as much as
possible.
 
I composed a metafont including the characters needed for african
languages. This font was named ear and provided several variant glyphs of
the same character.
 
                       The ffcmr Font
 
The ffcmr font is the First aFrican Computer Modern Roman font. It includes
computer modern roman in the lower 128 code positions and 36 african zusatz
characters in the upper half. The latter already have their fc code
positions, but some of the lower half will be moved.
 
                         Next Steps
 
The next step will be an afc (Almost aFrican Computer) font. This will have
all characters positioned according to the EC/FC scheme, but will not be
complete. Some accented letters might be absent (and are probable so).
 
After completion, the name will change to fc, which will be the final form.
 
            Appendix: The fc font encoding scheme (draft)
 
% fc.txt by J"org Knapen 19-dec-1990
% last change 23-jan-1991
 
Draft for an african font coding scheme
 
The TUG conference of Cork 1990 has proposed a 256 character font encoding
scheme well suited for european languages. This scheme does not fit for the
various african languages with latin writing. So I want to propose a scheme
suited for the so called critical languages of africa. It should be named
FC or FCM for aFrican Computer.
 
The coding is arbitrary besides the following rules:
 
* The lower 128 codes are identical to the Cork scheme
* A glyph also occurring in the Cork scheme is placed on the same code point
  as in the Cork scheme
* Each letter from the 128-char cm-font is saved (Thus !', \L, \O etc. will
  work)
* The uppercase/lowercase mechanism holds
 
The following languages are covered:
Akan, Bamileke, Basa (Kru), Bemba, Ciokwe, Dinka, Efik, Ewe-Fon, Fulani
(Fulful), G\%a, Gbaya, Hausa, Igbo, Kanuri, Kikuyu, Kikongo, Kpelle, Krio,
Luba, Mandekan (Bambara), Mende, More, Ngala, Nyanja, Oromo, Rundi, Kinya
Rwanda, Sango, Shona, Somali, Songhai, Sotho (two different writing
systems), Suaheli, Tiv, Yao, Yoruba, Xhosa and Zulu.
 
Also covered are: Maltese and Sami (European languages not covered by the
Cork scheme).
 
I tried to consult the most recent dictionaries. A good part of the
mentioned languages has not yet a standardised writing system.
 
I considered accents which are only tonal marks and optional in writing not
to be a part of a letter. These should be created by using floating
accents. (Even double accenting is possible, e.g. Open e with tilde and
acute.) Accented letters, where the accent is a part of the letter, are
included.
 
         The table: (U means uppercase, L lowercase):
 
octal code  description
200         U hooktop B
201         U hooktop D
202         U open E (\varepsilon-like)
203         U reversed E (like \exists)
204         U long F
205         U E with ha\v{c}ek
206         U ipa Gamma
207         U double barred H
 
210         U hooktop K
211         U Enj
212         U open O (revesed C)
213         U N with acute
214         U Esh
215         U Eng
216         U variant U (\upsilon-like)
217         U hooktop Y
 
220         U G with dot above
221         U M with acute
222         U S with ha\v{c}ek
223         U N with dot above
224         U N with line below
225         U S with dot below
226         U W with breve
227         U crossed T
 
230         U E with dot above
231         U E with dot below
232         U I with tilde
233         U O with macron
234         ligature t-esh
235         ligature fj
236         L crossed d
237         double grave accent
 
240         L hooktop b
241         L hooktop d
242         L open e
243         L inverted e
244         L long f
245         L e with ha\v{c]ek
246         L ipa gamma
247         L crossed h
 
250         L hooktop k
251         L enj
252         L open O
253         L n with acute
254         L esh
255         L eng
256         L variant u (\upsilon)
257         L hooktop y
 
260         L g with dot above
261         L m with acute
262         L s with ha\v{c}ek
263         L n with dot above
264         L n with line below
265         L s with dot below
266         L w with breve
267         L crossed t
 
270         L e with dot above
271         L e with dot below
272         L i tilde
273         L o with macron
274         small raised w
275         inverted exclamation mark
276         inverted question mark
277         universal accent
 
300         U A with acute
301         U I with dot below
302         U A with circumflex
303         U A with tilde
304         U Open E with tilde
305         U Open O with tilde
306         U ligature AE
307         U C with cedilla
 
310         U E with grave
311         U E with acute
312         U E with circumflex
313         U E with diaresis
314         U E with line below
315         U E with macron
316         U E with tilde
317         U I with diaresis
 
320         U crossed D (Edh)
321         U N with tilde
322         U O with grave
323         U O with dot above
324         U O with circumflex
325         U O with tilde
326         U O with diaresis
327         U ligature OE
 
330         U crossed O (\O)
331         U O with dot below
332         U O with line below
333         U U with circumflex
334         U O with ha\v{c}ek
335         U U with dot below
336         U U with tilde
337         cross piece for polish L and l
 
340         L a with acute
341         L i with dot below
342         L a with circumflex
343         L a with tilde
344         L open e with tilde
345         L open o with tilde
346         L ligature ae
347         L c with cedilla
 
350         L e with grave
351         L e with acute
352         L e with circumflex
353         L e with diaresis
354         L e with line below
355         L e with macron
356         L e with tilde
357         L i with diaresis
 
360         L d with tail (note: not edh!)
361         L n with tilde
362         L o with grave
363         L o with dot above
364         L o with circumflex
365         L o with tilde
366         L o with diaresis
367         L ligature oe
 
370         L crossed o (\o)
371         L o with dot below
372         L o with line below
373         L u with circumflex
374         L o with ha\v{c}ek
375         L u with dot below
376         L u with tilde
377         L eszet (\ss)
 
J"org Knappen               email: knappen@vkpmzd.physik.uni-mainz.de
Institut f"ur Kernphysik           Knappen@dmznat51.bitnet
Postfach 3980
D-W6500 Mainz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3                                        page 7
_______________________________________________________________________________
|                                                                             |
|            YUNUS -- Turkish TeX Users Group and Discussion List             |
|_____________________________________________________________________________|
 
 
I would like to announce formation of a BITNET List  YUNUS as an
informal and semi official publication  of Turkish TeX Users Group
with the purpose:  to discuss, disseminate and exchange information
about the TeX typesetting system, its variants, and, especially,
Turkish TeX.
 
YUNUS EMRE is a 15'th century Turkish poet and philosopher, who is one
of the best users of turkish language. The list is named after him.
 
List is located at TRMETU.bitnet. So so you can send post files to
list by sending them to YUNUS@TRMETU.bitnet, and subscribe to the list
via a mail message consisting of
 
SUB YUNUS First_Name Middle_name Last_name
 
to  LISTSERV@TRMETU.bitnet.
 
There are no language restrictions on the list.
 
`Owners' of the list:
*  Owner=   akgul@trbilun  (Mustafa Akgul)
*  Owner=    a07820@trmetua (Bulent Karasozen)
*  Owner=   ZIYA@TRMETU  (Ziya Karakaya)
 
For ordinary mail use:
Mustafa Akgul
Bilkent University
06533 Bilkent
Ankara
Turkey.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3                                        page 8
_______________________________________________________________________________
|                                                                             |
|                     Call for Standardization of GREEK TeX                   |
|                    and Creation of a GREEK TeX Users Group                  |
|_____________________________________________________________________________|
 
Contents:
 
                 1.  Why standardization?
                 2.  What kind of standardization?
                 3.  The circumflex problem.
                 4.  What else should be done?
                 5.  How to start?
                 6.  The Dedham TUG Annual Meeting 1991
                 7.  Final conclusion
                 8.  A significant motto
        Appendix 1.  Transliteration table
        Appendix 2.  The font table
 
        ----------------------------------------------------------------
       | THIS MESSAGE IS BILINGUAL: ENGLISH AND GREEK;  IF YOU HAVE ANY |
       | PROBLEMS IN READING THE GREEK PART, THERE IS A TRANSLITERATION |
       |                      TABLE AT THE END.                         |
        ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
***************************************|***************************************
                                       |
1. Why standardization?                | 1. Giat'i tupopo'ihsh?
                                       |
Dear Friends,                          | Agaphto'i f'iloi,
with the release of TeX3.0 and MF2.0   | af'otou bg'hke to TeX3.0 kai to MF2.0
new horizons have been opened to TeX,  | kaino'urgioi or'izontec ano'iqthkan
especially concerning the adaptation   | sto TeX kai eidik'a 'oson afor'a thn
of TeX to different languages. For     | prosarmog'h tou se diaf'orec gl'wssec.
many european languages, fonts of 256  | Gia poll'ec eurwpa"ik'ec gl'wssec
characters have been created, together | fti'aqthkan grammatoseir'ec me 256
with the corresponding hyphenation     | qarakt'hrec, maz'i me ta ant'istoiqa
patterns and LaTeX styles.             | mot'iba sullabismo'u kai stul LaTeX.
    What about Greek?                  |     Me ta ellhnik'a ti g'inetai?
    Actually Greek TeX evolved in      |     To ellhnik'o TeX exel'iqthke se
three stages: first Professor Knuth    | tr'ia st'adia: pr'wta o kajhght'hc
created the uppercase characters which | Knuth 'eftiaxe ta kefala'ia ellhnik'a
are in the CM fonts (but not anymore   | gr'ammata pou br'iskontai stic gramma-
in the DC/EC ones); then Silvio Levy   | toseir'ec thc oikog'eneiac CM (all'a
made his well-known package of fonts;  | 'oqi stic DC/EC); met'a o Silvio Levy
and finally Klaus Thull and myself     | 'eftiaxe to gnwst'o pak'eto grammato-
made some changements and added some   | seir'wn; kai t'eloc o Klaus Thull kai
new features to Silvio's work (see     | eg'w k'aname merik'ec allag'ec kai
TUGboat 9,1 and 10,3). The fact is     | prosj'esame orism'enec dunat'othtec
that today the two latter approaches   | sthn doulei'a tou Silvio (bl. TUGboat
are obsolete in many points. Silvio    | 9,1 kai 10,3). Gegon'oc e'inai 'oti oi
uses 256-characters to face the        | d'uo teleuta'iec doulei'ec e'inai xe-
problem of the final sigma, which can  | perasm'enec s'hmera se poll'a shme'ia.
be solved very easily today thanks     | O Silvio qrhsimopoie'i grammatoseir'ec
to MF2.0's end-of-word ligatures.      | 256 qarakt'hrwn gia na l'usei to pr'o-
Klaus and I use 128-character fonts,   | blhma tou teliko'u s'igma, pou mpore'i
which are useless today.               | na luje'i s'hmera pol'u eukol'wtera me
   On the other hand, many things      | tic ((sund'eseic t'elouc l'exhc)) tou
remain undone: hyphenation patterns    | MF2.0. O Klaus kai eg'w qrhsimopoi-
for 256-character fonts, LaTeX and     | o'ume grammatoseir'ec 128 qarakt'hrwn
AMSTeX styles, documentation on Greek  | pou e'inai 'aqrhstec s'hmera.
TeX and last-but-not-least a common    |     Tounant'ion poll'a pr'agmata
7-bit transliteration for email pur-   | pr'epei n'a g'inoun ak'oma: mot'iba
poses. Most of this can't be done      | sullabismo'u gia grammatoseir'ec 256
without a once-for-all standard and    | qarakt'hrwn, stul gia LaTeX, AMSTeX,
complete font table! And this again    | odhg'iec qr'hshc tou ellhniko'u TeX
can't be done without the participa-   | kai --ac mh to xeqn'ame-- 'enac koi-
tion of every GreekTeX user.           | n'oc metagrammatism'oc gia ta 7 bit
                                       | tou hlektroniko'u taqudrome'iou. Ta
                                       | pio poll'a ap''aut'a den mporo'un na
                                       | g'inoun prin kajor'isoume pr'wta kai
                                       | mia gia p'anta, 'enan pl'hrh p'inaka
                                       | ellhnik'hc grammatoseir'ac! Ki aut'o
                                       | p'ali den mpore'i na g'inei qwr'ic
                                       | thn summetoq'h KAJE qr'hsth tou ellh-
                                       | niko'u TeX.
                                       |
2. What kind of standardization?       | 2. Ti e'idouc tupopo'ihsh?
                                       |
A font table must contain ALL possi-   | 'Enac p'inakac grammatoseir'ac pr'epei
ble accent+character combinations.     | na peri'eqei OLOUC touc dunato'uc sun-
They should be reachable by ligatures  | duasmo'uc t'onwn, pneum'atwn, gramm'a-
AS WELL as by direct 8-bit input.      | twn kai upogegramm'enhc. Pr'epei na
One-accent fonts should contain exac-  | up'arqei pr'osbash s''auto'uc touc
tly the same characters, only accents  | sunduasmo'uc TOSO m'esw sund'esmwn OSO
should be invisible. This stands also  | kai m'esw kateuje'iac eisagwg'hc 8 bit
for the small-capitals-font.           | Oi monotonik'ec grammatoseir'ec pr'e-
   These are the standard principia    | pei na 'eqoun akrib'wc touc 'idiouc
to start with. The concrete place of   | qarakt'hrec me ton ant'istoiqo toni-
each character should be fixed after   | sm'o. To 'idio isq'uei kai gia thn
common agreement, also the kind of     | grammatoseir'a twn kefala'iwn.
ponctuation marks and other symbols    |    Aut'ec e'inai oi arq'ec gia na xe-
appearing in the font.                 | kin'hsoume. H pragmatik'h j'esh k'aje
   Since the best start is a real      | qarakt'hra ja pr'epei na apofasisje'i
proposal instead of empty words, I     | met'a ap'o koin'h sumfwn'ia, ep'ishc
include my own proposal for a Greek    | to poia shme'ia st'ixhc kai 'alla
font table at the end of this text.    | s'umbola ja up'arqoun sthn grammato-
Of course it requires a lot of imagi-  | seir'a.
nation since almost all is written in  |   Gia na mhn e'inai l'ogia tou a'era
Silvio's transliteration; you can      | 'ola aut'a sac paraj'etw thn dik'h mou
find a printed sample of the table     | pr'otash sto t'eloc auto'u tou keim'e-
in the forthcoming TUGboat paper "On   | nou. Ja br'hte aut'on ton p'inaka tu-
TeX and Greek...". The first 8 sym-    | pwm'eno sto ep'omeno TUGboat (12,2)
bols are used by Oxford for critical   | sthn dhmos'ieush ((On TeX and Greek...
editions of epigraphical texts. The    | )). Ta pr'wta 8 s'umbola tou p'inaka
digamma is simply at positions 'v'     | qrhsimopoio'untai apo tic ekd'oseic
and 'V' of the table, for two rea-     | thc Oxf'ordhc gia thn perigraf'h kei-
sons: digamma was pronounced as a vee  | m'enwn ap'o arqa'iec epigraf'ec. 'Eba-
and this position is the only empty    | la to d'igamma stic j'eseic "v" "V"
one inside the alphabet.               | gia d'uo l'ogouc: pr'wton giat'i 'etsi
                                       | profer'otan ((ton kair'o eke'ino)) kai
                                       | de'uteron giat'i 'htan h m'onh 'adeia
                                       | j'esh m'esa sto latinik'o alf'abhto.
                                       |
3. The circumflex problem.             | 3. To pr'oblhma thc perispwm'enhc.
                                       |
Silvio uses % (\char'176) to encode    | O Silvio qrhsimopo'ihse to % (\char'
the circumflex accent. This choice     | 176) gia thn perispwm'enh. E'inai h
is very natural, except that TeX uses  | pio fusik'h epilog'h, ekt'oc ap''to
the same ASCII code for the line-brea- | gegon'oc 'oti aut'oc o qarakt'hrac
king-prevention-character. Of course   | ASCII qrhsimopoie'itai ap''to TeX gia
any other character could be used for  | thn paremp'odish thc kop'hc thc gram-
line-breaking-prevention, *but* the    | mhc. B'ebaia ja mporo'usame na b'a-
actual problem is that changing the    | me k'apoion 'allo qarakt'hra na k'anei
categories of characters encloses      | aut'h thn doulei'a, 'ela 'omwc pou
Greek text in a special environment    | all'azontac tic kathgor'iec twn qara-
which often conflicts with TeX-macros  | kt'hrwn perior'izoume to ellhnik'o
defined outside of it.                 | ke'imeno s'''ena eidik'o perib'allon
   In my opinion switching to Greek    | kai suqn'a 'eqoume probl'hmata me
should be as easy as changing a font;  | entol'ec TeX pou 'eqoun orisje'i 'exw
there should be no macros and no       | ap''aut'o.
\catcode changing, everything should   |     Kat'a thn tapein'h mou gn'wmh, to
be left to the font. This can be rea-  | ellhnik'o TeX pr'epei na e'inai to
lized if we choose some other chara-   | 'idio e'ukolo 'oso mia apl'h allag'h
cter to encode the circumflex accent.  | grammatoseir'ac; na mhn up'arqoun
I know, this is rather a radical       | o'ute n'eec entol'ec o'ute allag'ec
change, besides being against intui-   | \catcode; 'olec oi plhrofor'iec pr'e-
tion (% *is* a circumflex). But I      | pei na peri'eqontai sthn ellhnik'h
assure you, it will also be a big      | grammatoseir'a. Aut'o mpore'i na g'i-
relief to handle Greek just like any   | nei an dial'exoume k'apoion 'allo
other TeX-font, especially since       | qarakt'hra ASCII gia thn perispwm'enh.
macros tend to become more and more    | X'erw, pr'okeitai gia m'allon rizik'h
obscure and complicated (ever looked   | allag'h; q'wria ap''to gegon'oc 'oti
*inside* LaTeX?).                      | e'inai kai k'ontra sthn koin'h logik'h
   Since ~, _ and | are used for       | (to % 'opwc kai na to k'anoume,
special purposes, the only ASCII       | *e'inai* perispwm'enh). All'a sac dia-
characters which could potentially     | bebai'w 'oti ja aisjanje'ite anako'u-
serve as circumflex are + and =.       | fish 'otan ja mpore'ite na gr'afete
Of course these are my personal        | ellhnik'a sto TeX apl'wc all'azontac
thoughts and I would be very glad      | thn grammatoseir'a, id'iwc t'wra pou
if a discussion could be started on    | oi entol'ec g'inontai 'olo kai pio
this topic. Also the same problem      | pol'uplokec.
arises with " for diaeresis (used by   |     Afo'u ta ~, _ kai | qrhsimopoi-
several macro-packages for indexing)   | o'untai allo'u, oi m'onoi qarakt'hrec
and | for subscript iota (used for     | ASCII gia thn perispwm'enh ja 'htan +
verbatim mode etc).                    | kai =. B'ebaia aut'ec e'inai proswpi-
  I think --and hope-- it's not too    | k'ec sk'eyeic kai ja qair'omoun pol'u
late to make such radical changes,     | an xek'inage mia suz'hthsh p'anw
which are necessary for a solid and    | s''aut'o to j'ema. To 'idio pr'oblhma
efficient use of the Greek language    | up'arqei kai me ta dialutik'a kai thn
by TeX.                                | upogegramm'enh: t'oso to " 'oso to |
                                       | qrhsimopoio'untai gia diaf'orouc sko-
                                       | po'uc ap'o ta di'afora pak'eta TeX.
                                       |    Piste'uw ---kai elp'izw--- 'oti den
                                       | e'inai arg'a gia na k'anoume t'oso
                                       | rizik'ec allag'ec, afo'u m'alista
                                       | e'inai apara'ithtec gia 'ena sumpag'ec
                                       | kai apotelesmatik'o ellhnik'o TeX.
                                       |
 
4. What else should be done?           | 4. Ti 'allo pr'epei na g'inei;
                                       |
After a font table has been fixed,     | Afo'u kajor'isoume 'enan p'inaka gram-
the real work can start. We need a     | matoseir'ac, h pragmatik'h doulei'a
whole TeX system in Greek. Macros,     | mpore'i n''arq'isei. Qreiaz'omaste
LaTeX styles, AMSTeX styles, LAMSTeX   | 'enan pl'hrec s'usthma TeX sta ellh-
styles, AMSLaTeX styles...should I go  | nik'a. Entol'ec, stul gia LateX, gia
on? Yes I know, all this *can* be      | AMSTeX, LAMSTeX, AMSLaTeX,...kai p'aei
done easily, but nevertheless it       | l'egontac. Nai x'erw, 'ola aut'a
represents many men-hours of work      | *mporo'un* na g'inoun; antiproswpe'u-
and someone *has* to do it.            | oun 'omwc poll'h doulei'a, kai k'a-
   Then all this should be made AVAI-  | poioc *pr'epei* na thn k'anei.
LABLE in a common place, together with |    Met'a, 'ola aut'a pr'epei na e'inai
DOCUMENTATION, in English *and*        | DIAJESIMA se ena koin'o m'eroc, maz'i
Greek. I don't want to sound as a      | me plhrofor'iec sta agglik'a *kai* sta
fanatic one, but the TeX community     | ellhnik'a. Den j'elw na fan'w fanati-
should --by our efforts-- stop         | k'oc, alla h koin'othta tou TeX pr'epei
seeing Greek like some exotic thing,   | m'esa ap''tic prosp'ajei'ec mac na
just like the punk font or music--     | stamat'hsei na bl'epei ta ellhnik'a
typesetting. It is a living language   | san exwtik'o fro'uto! E'inai mia
and the "handicap" of having another   | zwntan'h gl'wssa kai to pr'oblhma tou
alphabet can be faced by the STEADY    | na 'eqoume 'allo alf'abhto xeperni'e-
and CONSISTENT use of a COMMON         | tai me thn STAJERH kai ENTATIKH qr'hsh
transliteration. Just think that       | en'oc KOINOU metagrammatismo'u. Ske-
other languages like french and        | fte'ite m'ono 'oti ki 'allec gl'wssec
czech have the same sacrifices to      | 'opwc ta gallik'a 'h ta ts'eqika
make when using 7-bit ASCII code:      | k'anoun 'allec t'osec jus'iec 'otan
either accents are omitted (which      | pr'epei na gr'ayoun sta 7 bit: 'h den
looks awful) or they are placed in TeX | b'azoun kaj'olou t'onouc 'h touc b'a-
macro-form (which also looks awful).   | zoun up'o thn morf'h entol'wn TeX; kai
   So the first step to a rehabi-      | stic d'uo peript'wseic to apot'elesma
litation of Greek TeX is an agree-     | e'inai q'alia.
ment on the transliteration. It is     |     'Ara to pr'wto b'hma gia mia apo-
only natural that we use the same      | kat'astash tou ellhniko'u TeX e'inai
transliteration in TeX and in our      | na sumfwn'hsoume 'enan koin'o meta-
everyday's email writing. Silvio's     | grammatism'o. O metagrammatism'oc tou
transliteration looks a good choice    | S'ilbio mou fa'inetai mia kal'h epilo-
to me, of course the discussion is     | g'h, fusik'a h suz'hthsh e'inai anoi-
open. But please STOP writing the      | qt'h. All'a parakal'w STAMATHSTE na
letter chi as an x or upsilon as an    | gr'afete to qi san x 'h to 'uyilon san
y just because they look like that!!   | y m'ono kai m'ono giat'i moi'azoun!!!!
If you don't like Silvio's transli-    | An den sac ar'esei o metagrammatism'oc
teration try instead finding another   | tou S'ilbio prote'inete allag'ec 'h
one!! all proposals are welcome.       | fti'axte 'enan kal'utero, k'aje pr'o-
                                       | tash e'inai eupr'osdekth.
                                       |
5. How to start?                       | 5. P'wc na xekin'hsoume?
                                       |
The first thing to do is to inter-     | Pr'wta ap'''ola pr'epei n''antall'a-
change opinions. To make proposals     | xoume ap'oyeic. Na k'anoume prot'aseic
and discuss on them. To get some       | kai na tic suzht'hsoume. Na kateb'a-
new ideas. To ask people who deal      | soume id'eec. Na rwt'hsoume k'osmo pou
with standards, with greek systems     | asqole'itai me diejn'h st'antartc, me
on different computers etc.            | ellhnik'a sust'hmata sta di'afora ko-
   I volunteer to collect your ans-    | mpio'uter klp.
wers, and make a general report on     |     Proswpik'a prote'inw na maz'eyw
them in the autumn's issue of TUGboat  | tic apant'hseic sac kai na tic parou-
(by this occasion I would like to      | si'asw sthn fjinopwrin'h 'ekdosh tou
thank once again the editorial board). | TUGboat.
   It would be nice to have an email   |     Ja 'htan wra'ia an e'iqame mia
list on this subject; but I have not   | l'ista hlektroniko'u taqudrome'iou gia
the slightest idea where and how.      | thn anoiqt'h suz'hthsh, all'a den 'eqw
If some "kind sould" or institution    | thn paramikr'h id'ea po'u kai p'wc.
could provide such a facility, I       | An k'apoia ((eugenik'h yuq'h)) 'h k'a-
would be very grateful.                | poio 'idruma (Hr'akleio, P'atra,
   For this and for other organisa-    | Aj'hna m''ako'ute?) mporo'use na mac
tory problems it would be useful to    | prosf'erei aut'hn thn dieuk'olunsh
create a Greek TeX Users Group sub-    | ja 'hmoun pol'u eugn'wmwn.
structure. Later on we could esta-     |     Gi''aut'o kai gia 'alla probl'hma-
blish an FTP server with the totality  | ta org'anwshc prote'inw thn 'idrush
of Greek TeX stuff, AND documentation. | miac ellhnik'hc om'adac qrhst'wn tou
Such a LUG could also serve to propa-  | TeX. Arg'otera ja mporo'usame na orga-
gate TeX in Greece, as well as in      | n'wsoume 'ena server FTP pou na peri'e-
scholar circles having to typeset      | qei otid'hpote 'eqei g'inei p'anw sto
ancient Greek. Please write me your    | ellhnik'o TeX ME tic pr'epousec plhro-
opinion on all this, and               | for'iec kai odhg'iec qr'hshc. Mia t'e-
            KEEP IN TOUCH!             | toia om'ada ja 'htan pol'u qr'hsimh
                                       | gia thn di'adosh tou TeX af''en'oc men
                                       | sthn Ell'ada, af''et'erou stouc k'u-
                                       | klouc twn filol'ogwn pou asqolo'untai
                                       | me arqa'ia ellhnik'a. Parakal'w gr'ay-
                                       | te mou thn gn'wmh sac, kai propant'oc
                                       |            DWSTE TO PARON!
                                       |
6. The Dedham TUG Annual Meeting       | 6. H et'hsia sun'anthsh tou TUG sthn
                                       |    Bost'wnh
                                       |
In this meeting I plan to organize     | S''aut'h thn sun'anthsh skope'uw na
a discussion on Greek TeX, in the      | diorgan'wsw mian anoiqt'h suz'hthsh
form of a networking lunch, which      | p'anw sto ellhnik'o TeX.
could potentially lead to a bird-of-   |     Sac proskal'w loip'on e'ite na
feather session.                       | summet'asqete sthn sun'anthsh, e'ite
   I count on you for either joining   | na mo'u ste'ilete tic ap'oyeic kai
the meeting, or joining the discus-    | prot'aseic sac prin thn sun'anthsh
sion by sending me your remarks and    | 'wste na mpor'esw n''anaferj'w kai na
proposals before the meeting so that   | sthriqt'w s''aut'ec. Eg'w ap''thn
I can report on them. Conversely, if   | meri'a mou analamb'anw na sac plhro-
you can't join the meeting I will      | for'hsw gia 'oti leqte'i sthn suz'h-
inform you on things having been said. | thsh aut'h.
                                       |
7. Final conclusion                    | 7. Telik'o sump'erasma
                                       |
Please don't take anything for pre-    | Parakal'w mhn jewr'hsete t'ipota san
established! Greek TeX is still in     | prokajwrism'eno! To ellhnik'o TeX
an early stage and independent enough  | e'inai ak'oma sta pr'wta st'adia tou
from plain TeX so that *everything*    | kai arket'a anex'arthto ap'o to plain
can still be changed.                  | TeX, 'wste *otid'hpote* na mpore'i
   It is our responsability to make    | ak'oma na tropopoihje'i.
a consistent and user-friendly Greek   |     E'inai dik'h mac euj'unh na k'a-
TeX and we must all help since this is | noume 'ena sumpag'ec kai euq'aristo
really *too much* work to be done by   | ellhnik'o TeX kai pr'epei 'oloi na
just one or two persons!               | bohj'hsoume s''aut'o to 'ergo!
                                       |
*******************************************************************************
                                       |
Let me resume the topics to discuss:   | Epanalamb'anw ta j'emata suz'hthshc:
   1) the font table: which chara-     |    1) o p'inakac thc grammatoseir'ac:
      cters, where and why.            |       poia gr'ammata, po'u kai giat'i
   2) the transliteration: how and     |    2) o metagrammatism'oc: p'wc kai
      why, and how to avoid conflicts  |       giat'i, kai p'wc n''apof'ugoume
      with plain TeX                   |       asumbat'othtec me to plain TeX.
   3) the 7-bit transliteration for    |    3) o metagrammatism'oc sta 7 bit
      e-mail (which could in fact be   |       (gia hlektronik'o taqudrome'io)
      a simplified version of 2))      |       to protim'wtero se monotonik'o.
   4) the possibility of creating a    |    4) h 'idrush miac topik'hc om'adac
      local TeX Users Group, an        |       f'ilwn tou TeX, miac l'istac
      email list and an FTP server.    |       hlektroniko'u taqudrome'iou kai
   5) the use you make of Greek TeX,   |       en'oc server FTP.
      your achievements, problems,     |    5) pwc qrhsimopoie'ite to TeX sta
      wishes.                          |       ellhnik'a, ta probl'hmata kai
   6) TeX in Greece: where, how, why   |       oi tuq'on epijum'iec sac.
      by whom, in which extend.        |    6) To TeX sthn Ell'ada: po'u, p'wc,
   7) Greek TeX for scholars: which    |       giat'i, ap'o poion, kai se poia
      are the special needs and        |       kl'imaka.
      standards.                       |    7) To ellhnik'o TeX gia filol'ogouc
                                       |       poi'ec e'inai oi eidik'ec an'a-
and finally                            |       gkec kai oi 'hdh up'arqousec
   8) Ideas, ideas, ideas.             |       n'ormec.
                                       |
                                       | kai t'eloc
                                       |    8) Id'eec, poll'ec id'eec.
                                       |
 Thanks for reading this long text;    | Sac euqarist'w pou diab'asate aut'o to
 I hope to hear from you soon.         | ke'imeno, e'uqomai n'aqw n'ea sac
                                       | s'untoma.
                                       |
*******************************************************************************
                   Yannis Haralambous  |  Gi'annhc Qaral'ampouc
*******************************************************************************
                              101/11, rue Breughel
                             59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq
                             France          Gall'ia
                             Bitnet: yannis@frcitl81
                                Tel. +33 20052880
                                FAX: +33 20910564
*******************************************************************************
A significant motto:                  | Meriko'i st'iqoi me shmas'ia:
*******************                     ****************************
 
      Perno'un gerno'un ta gegon'ota - ma e'inai kal'o po'umaste ed'w
      fant'asou ft'anei kai mia n'ota - ki all'azei 'olo ton skop'o.
 
      Nom'izw 'etsi ki h zw'h mac - san 'opwc len ((t`a p'anta <re%i))
      sthn j'alassa h ekbol'h mac - ki 'omwc gurn'ame sthn phg'h...
 
                                  (M. Raso'ulhc: N'amaste p'ali ed'w Andr'ea)
 
*******************************************************************************
 
Appendix 1: Silvio's transliteration table (with slight modifications)
********
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
alpha:   a     beta:    b    gamma:   g    delta:   d    epsilon: e
digamma: v     zeta:    z    eta:     h    theta:   j    iota:    i
kappa:   k     lambda:  l    mu:      m    nu:      n    xi:      x
omikron: o     pi:      p    qoppa:\qoppa  sanpi:\sanpi  rho:     r
sigma:   s     final sigma:c tau:     t    upsilon: u    phi:     f
chi:     q     psi:     y    omega:   w
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accents: acute: '   grave:  `   circumflex:  %
Spirits: smooth (daseia): <  rough (yilh):   >
Diaeresis (dialutika): "  Subscript iota: |
Apostrophe: ''      Question mark:   ?    Upper point (anw teleia):    ;
Opening, closing guillemets (eisagwgika):   ((, ))
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Appendix 2: the font table:
********
 
        |  '0   |  '1   |  '2   |  '3   |  '4   |  '5   |  '6   |  '7   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '02x   |  (|)  |  (||) |  ([[) |  (]]) |  ({)  |  (})  |  (<)  |  (>)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1x
 '03x   |   <'  |   >'  |   <`  |   >`  |   <%  |   >%  |   "'  |   "`  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '04x   |       |   !   |   "   |   #   |   $   |   %   |   &   |   '   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "2x
 '05x   |   (   |   )   |   *   |   _   |   ,   |   -   |   .   |   /   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '06x   |   0   |   1   |   2   |   3   |   4   |   5   |   6   |   7   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "3x
 '07x   |   8   |   9   |   :   |   ;   |   <   |   =   |   >   |   ?   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '10x   |   @   |   A   |   B   |   S   |   D   |   E   |   F   |   G   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "4x
 '11x   |   H   |   I   |   J   |   K   |   L   |   M   |   N   |   O   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '12x   |   P   |   Q   |   R   |   S   |   T   |   U   |   V   |   W   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "5x
 '13x   |   X   |   Y   |   Z   |   [   |Section|   ]   |UpSanpi|UpQoppa|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '14x   |   `   |   a   |   b   |   c   |   d   |   e   |   f   |   g   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "6x
 '15x   |   h   |   i   |   j   |   k   |   l   |   m   |   n   |   o   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '16x   |   p   |   q   |   r   |   s   |   t   |   u   |   v   |   w   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "7x
 '17x   |   x   |   y   |   z   |   ((  |   ''  |   ))  |   %   |  ---  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '20x   |   `a  |   <a  |   >a  |  <`a  |  `a_  |  <a_  |  >a_  |  <`a_ |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "8x
 '21x   |   'a  |  <'a  |  >'a  |  >`a  |  'a_  | <'a_  | >'a_  |  >`a_ |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '22x   |   %a  |  <%a  |  >%a  | qoppa |  %a_  | <%a_  | >%a_  | sanpi |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "9x
 '23x   |   `h  |   <h  |   >h  |  <`h  |  `h_  |  <h_  |  >h_  |  <`h_ |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '24x   |   'h  |  <'h  |  >'h  |  >`h  |  'h_  | <'h_  | >'h_  |  >`h_ |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Ax
 '25x   |   %h  |  <%h  |  >%h  |   %"  |  %h_  | <%h_  | >%h_  |   --  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '26x   |   `w  |   <w  |   >w  |  <`w  |  `w_  |  <w_  |  >w_  |  <`w_ |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Bx
 '27x   |   'w  |  <'w  |  >'w  |  >`w  |  'w_  | <'w_  | >'w_  |  >`w_ |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '30x   |   %w  |  <%w  |  >%w  |       |  %w_  | <%w_  | >%w_  |       |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Cx
 '31x   |   `i  |   <i  |   >i  |  <`i  |   `u  |   <u  |   >u  |  <'u  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '32x   |   'i  |  <'i  |  >'i  |  >`i  |   'u  |  <'u  |  >'u  |  >`u  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Dx
 '33x   |   %i  |  <%i  |  >%i  |       |   %u  |  <%u  |  >%u  |       |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '34x   |   `e  |   <e  |   >e  |  <`e  |   `o  |   <o  |   >o  |  <'o  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Ex
 '35x   |   'e  |  <'e  |  >'e  |  >`e  |   'o  |  <'o  |  >'o  |  >`o  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 '36x   |   "i  |  "`i  |  "'i  |  "%i  |   "u  |  "`u  |  "'u  |  "%u  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Fx
 '37x   |   a_  |   h_  |   w_  |   <r  |   >r  |       |\macron| \breve|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |   "8  |   "9  |   "A  |   "B  |   "C  |   "D  |   "E  |   "F  |
 
Remarks: 1) characters '000 to '007 are special symbols used by Oxford for
            critical editions of epigraphical texts.
         2) in characters '053, '204--'372 I used *exceptionally* the
            symbol _ for the subscript iota, just for better reading. By
            no means I propose _ as a transliteration of the subscript iota.
         3) character '073 is the upper point (anw teleia), '077 the question
            mark.
         4) characters '074 and '075 are spirits. Character "Section" is a
            section mark (like \char'170 in the cmsy font).
         5) characters '047 and '140 are accents, while '174 is the opening
            quote (apostrofoc).
         6) positions '015 and '040 are left empty in purpose to maintain
            compatibility with PostScript fonts.
 
 
 
 
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  *   LATE BREAKING NEWS  *  DERNIERES NOUVELLES  *  LETZTE NACHRICHTEN *
  ***********************************************************************
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Thanks to the friendly support of DANTE and especially of Joachim
Lammarsch a discussion list on Greek TeX (cf. "CALL FOR
STANDARDIZATION OF GREEK TeX AND CREATION OF A GREEK TeX GROUP") has
been opened, at
 
                 ELLHNIKA@DHDURZ1              (Bitnet)
 
You can subscribe by sending the usual
 
                 SUBSCRIBE ELLHNIKA <Your name>
 
to LISTSERV@DHDURZ1. Please note that messages to the list should be
send to the list adress ELLHNIKA@DHDURZ1 and not to the LISTSERV.
 
    Languages of the list are English and Greek (Modern please!!)
    It would be appreciated if you use Silvio Levy's transliteration
    for Greek, as long as no other transliteration has been fixed.
    If you have to use a different one, please precise the corres-
    pondences at top of the message.
 
The list is intended for  linguists of any origin having to typeset
ancient Greek, as well as for people using Greek as their everyday's
language. It is quite a dilemma for me to encourage
  - the former to participate in English and discuss the TeXnical
    problems of ancient Greek
  - the latter to participate in Greek and in this way get used to
    the transliterated expression of the language; as I said in the
    "CALL", a certain effort must be taken to bypass the handicap of
    having a different alphabet, this list should serve as a starting
    point inside the TeX world.
 So there are two languages and two directions to take. Let's find a
compromise based on the spirit of cooperation! (and if a scholar
decides  to learn Modern Greek for breaking this Gordian knot, I
guarantee him  that he won't be dissapointed!).
 
       YOU ARE INVITED TO JOIN US IN THE DISCUSSION ON GREEK TeX
 
     Best wishes
     Yannis Haralambous
 
 
 
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Character code reference:
Upper case letters: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Lower case letters: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Digits: 0123456789
Square, curly, angle braces, parentheses: [] {} <> ()
Backslash, slash, vertical bar: \ / |
Punctuation: . ? ! , : ;
Underscore, hyphen, equals sign: _ - =
Quotes--right left double: ' ` "
"at", "number" "dollar", "percent", "and": @ # $ % &
"hat", "star", "plus", "tilde": ~ * + %
 
\bye bye!
%                            End of TeXMaG
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