2019-03-04 This directory contains change files for Donald E. Knuth's suite of TeX related programs. The change files (.ch) and Don Knuth's WEB files (.web) from January 2014 are the key components of a construction kit for "TeX-FPC"---a TeX system which is based on the Free Pascal Compiler (FPC) and runs in a Unix environment. It's by magnitudes smaller than other TeX distributions. These building bricks are glued together by shell scripts in the---guess where---shell subdirectory. The MFT directory contains shell scripts for installing fonts (xxxfonts), and the directory iby shows how to install fonts with TeX-FPC. In this case a polytonic Greek font, suited for ancient Greek texts. The directories dvipsnk and xdvi show how to install Tom Rokicki's dvips and Paul Vojta's xdvi. If your printer does not accept postscript, you might want to install ghostscript, which converts postscript to the language of you printer or to pdf. Use ghostscripts dvipdf to convert ps to pdf. TeX-FPC replaces the famous and beautiful TeX-GPC. The GNU Pascal Compiler is not supported on Linux, the BSDs and OS X. Free Pascal is chosen not because it is the best alternative but because it is the only alternative. In FPC 3.0.4 I spotted to errors: See 0035136: The function EOF does not comply to ISO Pascal 0035066: fpc says "cannot determine which overloaded function to call" at bugs.freepascal.org Overview: ========= File formats and their documentation: ------------------------------------- WEB files: .web WEB programs, "The WEB System of Structured Documentation" (webman.tex) .ch Change files for WEB programs (patches to be applied to .web files) .p Free Pascal source .pool String pool, contains the string constants of a WEB program. METAFONT files: .mf METAFONT source, "The METAFONTbook" (mfbook.tex) .base Base file, a compact representation of METAFONT's memory. .tfm TeX font metric, "TeX: The Program" (tex.web) part 30 .nnngf generic font file, "METAFONT: The Program" (mf.web), part 46 .nnnpk packed font file, gftopk.web, modules 21-36 The last two are bitmap font formats, where nnn is a number that stands for "dots per inch". The number equals resolution of the output device as specified in your mode times the magnification. .log a log file TeX files: .tex TeX source, "The TeXbook" (texbook.tex) .fmt Format file, a compact representation of TeX's memory. contains the string pool (tex.pool) and preloaded .tfm files. .dvi device independent file, "TeX: The Program" (tex.web), part 31 .log a log file Files and their processors: -------------------------- WEB: tangle .web, .ch --------> .p, .pool fpc x.p --------> x tgl x.web, x.ch --------> x (linking the last two steps) itgl x.web, x.ch --------> x, inix.p, .pool (links the first two steps and keeps the pascal sources) weave .web, .ch --------> .tex (Description of the program) wve .web, .ch --------> .dvi (linking the above step and tex) METAFONT: inimf plain.mf --------> plain.base mf .mf --------> .nnngf, tfm gftopk .nnngf --------> .nnnpk mkfont .mf --------> TeXfonts/.tfm, PKfonts/.nnnpk mkpkfont .mf --------> PKfonts/.nnnpk TeX: initex .tfm, plain.tex --------> plain.fmt tex [ .tfm ], .tex --------> .dvi DVI drivers: dvips .dvi, .nnnpk --------> .ps, PostScript printer xdvi .dvi, .nnnpk --------> X-Window File names: ----------- TeX-FPC searches files in directories which are local to the working directory: TeXinputs .tex TeXfonts .tfm TeXformats .pool, .fmt MFinputs .mf MFbases .pool, .base PKfonts .nnnpk DVIPSconf .pro, .ps, .map (Header and configuration files for dvips) I created one set of "master directories" and used symbolic links to my working directory like: ln -s ~/TeXformats . The scripts mk_TeX_dir and mk_MF_dir help to prepare a directory for running TeX resp. METAFONT. Adapt these scripts to the locations of your master directories. TeX-FPC's path searching applies to file names without directory components, i.e. without a /: .tex local directory and then TeXinputs .mf local directory and then MFinputs .tfm TeXfonts Depending on the context, TeX-FPC programs append ".mf", ".tex", or ".tfm" to file names without extensions. builtin file names: ------------------ TeXformats/tex.pool string pool for tex, (in initex) MFbases/mf.pool string pool for mf, (in inimf) TeXformats/plain.fmt format file for Plain TeX, (in tex) MFbases/plain.base base file for Plain METAFONT, (in mf) Fonts in TeX-FPC: ---------------- For each font TeX needs one .tfm file. For each font and resolution/magnification the DVI drivers need one .nnnpk file. The script mkfont will install both a .tfm and an .nnnpk file, the script mkpkfont will install an .nnnpk file only. You specify the resolution in your METAFONT mode and the magnification as an optional second argument to mkpkfont or mkfont. The DVI drivers will invoke mkpkfont automatically to create missing .nnnpk files. Running TeX-FPC =============== Missing files ------------- Search missing macro files like (webmac.tex) in Knuth's lib directory and copy them to the working directory or to TeXinputs. My change files import webmac-fpc.tex; move it to TeXinputs. Search the sources of missing fonts in the lib directory (.mf), copy them to MFinputs and use the scripts mkfont or mkpkfont to create and install .tfm files respective .pk files. The shell scripts assume the METAFONT mode localfont which is defined in MFT/local.mf. Remember, you've loaded local.mf into the file plain.base. Or you might want to grep for font assignments in your .tex files. The command line grep '\\font.*=' plain.tex > plainfonts creates a list of the font names used by plain.tex. I edited plainfonts to convert it to a shell script that creates all fonts of the plain format. In the MFT directory you'll find other examples. Installing new fonts from CTAN ------------------------------ The directory MFT/iby contains instructions on how to install a font from CTAN, in this case ibygrk to typeset polytonic ancient Greek. Printing the documentation -------------------------- The weave program generates an xxx.tex file from an xxx.web file and a possibly empty change file. Use tex to generate an xxx.dvi file. This is done by the script wve. For example, to view the description of TeX-FPC, use wve tex.web tex.ch && xdvi tex The web-macros need another font. Use webfonts to install it. The scripts texwebfonts installs additional fonts for tex.tex, and mfwebfonts for mf.tex. TRIP TRAP --------- Both tests might not be passed by TeX-FPC: TeX and METAFONT trim trailing spaces from input lines for compatibility with IBM's punched cards. TeX-FPC's programs don't. Installing TeX-FPC: =================== Get Knuth's source files: ------------------------ Make a stage directory, say tex-fpc, which mirrors Knuth's distribution from ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex/systems/knuth/dist.zip This gives you the WEB files, manuals, macros and some .mf files. At least you need the directories lib, tex, mfware, mf and web. You need another set of source files, namely the METAFONT source files (.mf) for Knuth's font Computer Modern. Copy the .mf files from ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex/fonts/cm/mf/ to MFinputs. And Copy the .mf files from the lib directory to MFinputs. cp -p lib/*.mf MFinputs I prefer the DANTE server, because that server preserves modification times. This is not true with other CTAN mirrors. Building from WEB sources, (xxx.web and xxx.ch --> xxx, xxx.pool) ---------------------------------------------------------------- The general procedure to build a binary xxx from its WEB files is: Move xxx.ch to the directory that contains xxx.web, apply tangle to xxx.web and xxx.ch to generate xxx.p and xxx.pool, and compile the Pascal source with gpc. The command line tgl xxx.web xxx.ch will do all that. It produces xxx that you need to move to your binary directory. Step by step procedure to bootstrap TeX-FPC ------------------------------------------- Install Free Pascal Compiler from www.freepascal.org. Create the master directories (see above) copy the shell scripts from the tex-fpc/shell to your binary direcory. 0. Make tangle tangle.p --> tangle ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Compile tangle.p (fpc tangle.p) and move tangle to your binary directory. 1. Make inimf and initex mf.web, mf.ch --> inimf, inimf.p, MFbases/mf.pool tex.web, tex.ch --> initex,initex.p TeXformats/tex.pool Make sure, mf.ch and tex.ch are prepared to produce ini versions of tex and mf. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Build the ini-programs and save them as initex, resp. inimf. Move tex.pool to TeXformats and mf.pool to MFbases, use itgl instead of tgl to keep inimf.p and initex.p. 2. Make plain.base lib/plain.mf --> MFbases/plain.base ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Go to the directory tex-fpc/mf and use inimf to create plain.base. The file local.mf contains mode definitions for my HP LaserJet 1320 printer. Adapt local.mf to your printer and then type inimf ../lib/plain input ../MFT/local dump Move plain.base to MFbases. 3. Make mf mf.web, mf.ch --> mf ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Edit mf.ch and look for the string @x inimf that introduces a change block. This change block is commented out, since it is shifted right. Shift left this block to uncomment it. This way mf.ch is changed to build a production version. 4. Make gftopk gftopk.web, gftopk.ch --> gftopk ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Build gftopk in the mfware directory. You need gftopk to install packed font files (.nnnpk) in the next step. 5. Install fonts: MFinputs/*.mf --> TeXfonts/*.tfm, PKfonts/*.pk ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prepare tex-fpc to run both METAFONT (mk_MF_dir) and TeX (mk_TeX_dir) and run the shell script MFT/plainfonts from there. Check the file trouble that might contain commands that failed. 6. Make plain.fmt lib/plain.tex --> TeXformats/plain.fmt ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Copy lib/hyphen.tex to TeXinputs and go to the directory tex-fpc/tex to build plain.fmt. This command line will do initex ../lib/plain \\dump # one backslash is consumend by sh! Move plain.fmt to TeXformats. 7. Finally build tex tex.web, tex.ch --> tex ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Change tex.ch for production, and build it with tgl. Enjoy, Wolfgang Helbig, Programmierer Comments welcome: helbig@mailbox.org TeX is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society. METAFONT is a trademark of Addison Wesley Publishing Company.