L---+---T1----+-T--2----T----3--T-+----4T---+---T5----+-T--6----T----R--T-+--r PC-WriTeX  A conversion routine from PC-Write to TeX  v2.3, January 1989  .r:e INTRODUCTION PC-Write is a wordprocessing and text editing system from QuickSoft (Seattle) for the IBM PC and compatible computers. TeX is a typesetting system originally written by Prof Don Knuth of Stanford University and available for many kinds of computer including the IBM PC and compatibles. This documentation describes a PC-Write--to--TeX conversion routine written as a print driver file pr.doc. It was devised to allow a user's PC-Write wordprocessing files to be printed to disk in a form which TeX can accept directly as input, retaining as many of the formatting attributes as possible of the original file. The .doc filetype was chosen because TeX is used for printing documents, but you can rename it and the relevant driver files to anything suitable to your needs. The definition files have been placed in the public domain. Only the controls described later in this document can be expected to work: no responsibility can be taken for what may happen if you use other PC-Write controls which are not documented here. In particular, you should not use any Dot Guide Lines apart from a ruler line, .S (line-spacing) and .R (typeface selection). A hard-disk PC is assumed, as TeX requires it for all normal usage. This documentation reflects v2.71 of PC-Write, v3.3 of DOS and v2.94 of TeX. .q:e   INSTALLATION Before copying any of these files, rename your existing PC-Write printer driver file pr.def to something meaningful, according to your ordinary printer type, for example rename \pcwrite\pr.def pr.eps (if you have an Epson printer) rename \pcwrite\pr.def pr.tos (if you have an Toshiba printer) rename \pcwrite\pr.def pr.hp2 (if you have a HP series II) This is to make sure your existing files do not get overwritten. You can still print all your existing files exactly as before by making sure they have the relevant file-type, eg ".eps", ".tos", ".hp2", etc. The new pr.def provided with PC-WriTeX contains only the command "!pr.*" and will thus look for a driver file with the same file-type as the file being printed. Copy all the files from floppy disk into the PC-Write subdirectory on your hard disk by typing the command copy a:*.* \pcwrite (substituting "b:" if you are using that floppy drive instead of "a:"). If you call your PC-Write subdirectory something other than "\pcwrite" then substitute that as well. Copy the TeX definitions file into your texinput subdirectory, whatever it is called for the version you have; for PC-TeX, for example, you type copy \pcwrite\pcwsty.tex \pctex\texinput This ensures that both PC-Write and TeX can find the files when they want them. It is assumed that you can use the file-type ".doc" for files you are going to convert with this routine. If this is not the case, you must choose another file-type and then type the command rename \pcwrite\*.doc *.xxx where xxx is the file-type you have chosen.  USAGE Run the PR program, either from DOS by typing PRfilename.DOC or by using the F1F7 keystroke sequence from within the PC-Write edit program (in which case, confirm the filename suggested by pressing [the Return or Enter key]). When the output selection menu appears, press F9 for "print to a file" and give the output file name as the name of your text file but with the file-type of .TeX (and press ). When the main print menu appears, press F10 for "print continuous". This will create an output file with the file type of .TeX which will contain all the TeX commands necessary to typeset your file.  It is assumed, of course, that you have TeX available to process this file. Commercially, it costs somewhere between $75 and $500 (50--300) depending on the implementation you buy. There are several versions for the IBM PC and compatibles including some in the public domain: addresses are at the end of this document. It is also available for most minis and mainframes.  FEATURES As far as possible, the basic mnemonic PC-Write controls have been followed, but one or two have changed, and several new ones have been added (notably the "colour code" Alt keys now perform different typesetting instructions). As many as possible (nearly all) of the IBM  PC math and accent characters have been kept, and the line and box-drawing characters can be used for simple tables.This is a change from v2.1, where line and box characters were undefined. The printer driver definition file pr.doc and the style-file pcwsty.TeX contain the TeX definitions needed to access these facilities. TeX works by taking a plain ASCII text file with embedded formatting commands (produced by this routine direct from your PC-Write file). TeX commands consist of plain alphabetic characters or punctuation, flagged by a preceding backslash. Thus for example, a change to italics (AltI in PC-Write) is translated to the TeX command "\it". Raw TeX is of course capable of vastly finer control over typefonts, spacing and layout than even a sophisticated wordprocessor such as PC-Write, so this conversion routine should only be taken as a guide or first stage. TeX creates a .DVI file (DeVice-Independent file) which contains all the binary stuff needed for a TeX print driver to typeset the output on your printer. Because of the fine-quality nature of typesetting, a few points need attention when you are creating or editing a document for typesetting: a. TeX assumes that a blank line in your file means "start a new paragraph". This doesn't necessarily mean you get a blank line as such when it is typeset; instead, you get whatever spacing/indentation combination you specify for a new paragraph (PC-WriTeX assumes a flexible amount between and a line-height, with about 1/3|| indentation --- in fact, a "blank line" in typesetting output is a misleading concept, as typesetting dimensions are almost infinitely variable). What it does mean is that existing texts which use only indentation for a new paragraph, with no blank line, must be edited so that they have blank lines between paragraphs. Indentation can be turned off for a paragraph by starting the paragraph with AltX (this is automatic for the first paragraph after a major break, such as a new section, new page or a table). b. Disregard all apparent multiple linebreaks and multiple spaces in the output file: TeX makes its own decisions about linebreaking, and swallows all multiple spaces. In any case, TeX justifies a whole paragraph at a time, instead of line by line. The only thing to check for is places where PC-Write might have inserted an extra blank line of its own in the middle of a paragraph because it thinks a pagebreak is due. These will have to be removed manually, otherwise TeX will start a new paragraph at these points (it doesn't happen very often). c. Distinguish carefully between the four following symbols, which are often misused:  HYPHEN ("-"), used between two words, like "PC-Write": type a single "-" to get this;  EN-RULE ("--"), used between two numbers, between a number and a word, or where a hyphen may seem visually incorrect, such as "37--55", "4--part" or "X--rated": type a double "--" to get one;  EM-RULE ("---"), used between phrases --- sometimes called a dash: type a triple "---" for this;  MINUS-SIGN ("-"), used in math mode: type a single "-" within AltRs.  They are all different, so take care! Most importantly, never let  a line end with a hyphen character or dash in your source (.DOC)  file. TeX treats a line-end as a space, so you would get a space following your hyphen or dash when it is typeset (like "line-end" above). d. Use the grave accent character (`) for an opening single-quote, and the apostrophe (') for a closing single-quote, so that they look `like this'. Opening and closing double quotes are handled "automatically", like that, provided you have paired them correctly. A few extra TeX commands have been added which can be invoked within AltZs: e. wider makes the paragraph indentation 1 inch wide f. normal sets it back to 20pt again g. tighter halves the inter-paragraph space. Repeated usage halves it again. looser doubles the space (again and again) h. front makes the first page number zero, and omits the page number from the bottom of the front page i. some of the translations of the Alt-characters have been tokenised into macros to make the TeX sourec more readable. This should not affect processing in any way.   wider The following Alt keys have been implemented. The ones marked with an asterisk (*) are slightly different from plain PC-Write. Those marked with a dagger (dag) have changed since v1.2 of PC-WRITeX.  Alt A "align" --- not used. Simple tabulation can now be done using the IBM PC box-drawing character set. See below for detailsdag  Alt B "bold" --- prints bold type. Note that this is different from the bold extended type invoked by AltS  Alt C "compressed" --- changes to 10pt type (8pt design size: normal  type is 12pt of 10pt design size) *Alt D "double" --- changes to 20pt type (of 17pt design size)  Alt E "lite" --- prints in sans-serif type (this has a slightly  narrower "set" than normal roman, hence its use for the  lite style)  *Alt F "fast" --- has no effect and cannot be redefined because it automatically gets inserted into the top of the output file by PC-Write, where there would be no way of turning it off *Alt G "dot-line" --- only works for .R:x typeface changes and line-spacing specifications such as .S:4 at the moment. It might be possible to get it re-interpreted in a later version  Alt H "higher" --- prints real superscriptslikethis, but you need to use CtlSpace between words within the superscript, if your superscript itself has several words  Alt I "italic" --- prints in italic type. Note that this is different from the slanted type invoked by AltU *Alt J "jump" --- causes a 1em vertical space (about 1 line space). This should usually go on a line by itselfdag  Alt K "keep" --- forces end of line without a paragraph spacedag  Alt L "lower" --- prints real subscriptslikethis, but you need to use CtlSpace between words within the subscript, if your subscript itself has several words  Alt M "em" --- skips 1em space horizontally (about 2 characters worth if this was fixed-width setting). Use CtlSpace if you want to insert a single character's worth of fixed spacedag  Alt N "number" --- itemises paragraphs. The number or symbol must follow the AltN with no space, but must have a space after it, eg triangleleft3.char'040The symbol char'040 represents a single space character will itemise paragraph 3. If you have set the indentation amount wide enough (eg with AltZ, starparindent=.5instar), you can also itemise paragraphs with things in another font, like this paragraph (triangleleft heartsuitAltNheartsuitchar'040). To get an indented paragraph with no mark, use triangleleft (AltNCtlSpace). The PC-Write usage of double and triple AltNs is not implementeddag *Alt O "narrower" --- narrows the margins for the duration of the paragraph it startsdag  Alt P "pica" --- prints in small capitals, conventionally used for acronyms like IBM, DEC etc *Alt Q "quitpage" --- forces a new page (replaces the AltT of plain PC-Write)dag *Alt R "realmath" --- encloses mathematics typesetting, such as E=mc or 4r^3/3 You can now use TeX's curly braces within linear math mode if you need to: the forward slash also works as TeX's \over command (eg triangle4^3/3triangle), so large linear fractions will need manual tweaking to stop them being interpreted as \overs.dag  Alt S "shadow" --- prints in bold extended type as distinct from the  slightly narrower plain bold of AltB  Alt T "top" --- PC-Write's hard page-break character cannot be redefined, should not be used, and may have unpredictable effects, like breaking your paragraphs where you don't want to.  Alt U "underline" --- prints in slanted type rather than underlining,  because underlining is almost non-existant in typography  *Alt V "variable" --- prints in typewriter type. This is the opposite of variable-width type, but AltF cannot be used, and even QuickSoft themselves do this for some printer implementations. If you need variable-width typewriter type (eg IBM Executive typewriter style) modify PCWSTY.TeX to use font cmvtt10 instead of cmtt10 *Alt W "underscore" --- underscores the text if you really need to: this can be handy in terminal session example documentation for indicating what the user types, as opposed to what is displayed or printed by the machine *Alt X "xindent" --- turns off indentation at the start of a paragraph (this is conventional at the start of a document and after itemised or narrowed paragraphsdag *Alt Y "centerline" --- centers a line (put it at start and end of line: you can still use ShfF8 to center the line on the screen because TeX doesn't care about extra spacesdag *Alt Z "literal" --- surrounds a literal TeX command to be passed unchanged to the output file, eg, starTeXstar. Do not put backslashes themselves in the command string. This is the technique used to do the examples in the sections on AltN and AltR abovedag The following characters (decimal numbers) have special meanings: 124 "vertical bar" --- works as a prime mark for feet (|) and inches (||); use character 221 [6`] for a real vertical bar () 126 "tilde" --- prints as a math "sim" sign (~) except in typewriter type where you get an ordinary tilde (~) 169 [[`] --- prints the "carriage-return" symbol () 176 [Shf Ctl F1] --- starts a footnoteAuto-numbered, as you may have noticed.dag 177 [Shf Ctl F2] --- ends the footnote text. Also terminates right-flush lines (see character 222 below)dag 178 [Shf Alt F1] --- starts verbatim mode (literal small-typewriter type): useful for quoting screen displays, programs or terminal sessions (end with character 219 below), egdag if n < r then n := n + 1 else begin print_totals; n := 0; end while p > 0 do begin q := link(p); free_node(p); p := q; end; 219 [Shf Alt F2] --- terminates verbatim mode. Both this and character 178 should go on a line by themselvesdag 221 [6`] --- prints a real vertical bar (, was 179)dag 222 [Shf F5] --- flags a line to be printed flush right: terminate the line with character 177 [ShfF6]. This is useful for doing home addresses on letters:dag PO Box 1000 Haga Alto, Ca 94321 223 [8`] --- prints a horizontal rule across the page (was 196)dag 244 [(`] --- prints the whole sign 245 [)`] --- prints the copyright sign () 248 [%`] --- prints a circle (). Use superscripting to get the degrees sign. 249 [.`] --- prints a centered dot ()dag 254 [#`] --- prints a normal round bullet () 255 [@`] --- print a math "times" sign (). Be careful when justifying text in PC-Write because this is treated as a discretionary space.  normal Simple tabulation is now possible using the box-drawing character set. The single-line set (PC-Write's ShfAlt set) can be used to produce an unruled table like this: Ŀ TABULATION Now possible Ĵ in TeX via PC-Write and the double-line set (PC-Write's ShfCtl set) can be used to produce ruled tables: ͻ TABULATION Now possible ͹ in TeX via PC-Write ͼ The only restriction is that only completely ruled or completely unruled tables will work. Partially-ruled tables will not function. It has been necessary to make some small changes to three other  facilities which were in v2.1:  The character code 206 (double-line crossover (ShfCtlS), which gave the TeX logotype, has been removed. To get "TeX" you now need to use the AltZ literal (starTeXstar).  The character code 179 (ShfAltV), which gave a vertical rule, is now needed for tables. A plain vertical rule is now got with character 221 (6`).  The character code 196 (ShfAltG), which gave a horizontal rule, is also needed for tables: use character 223 (8`) for horizontal rules.  The complete character set available by direct translation of PC-Write files using this routine is thus:  ͻ @ ` ff ͹ ! A a fi ͹ " B b ffi ͹ # C c fl ͹ $ D d ffl ͹ % E e ͹ & F f ͹ ' G g ͹ ( H h ͹ ) I i ͹ * J j ͹ + K k ͹ , L l ͹ - M m ͹ . N n ͹ / O o ͹ 0 P p ͹ 1 Q q ͹ 2 R r ͹ 3 S s ͹ 4 T t ͹ 5 U u ͹ 6 V v ͹ 7 W w ͹ 8 X x ͹ 9 Y y ͹ : Z z ͹ ; [ } ͹ < \ | ͹ = ] } ͹ > ^ ~ ͹ ? _ ͼ Note that the translation of ligatures ff, fi, ffi, fl and ffl is automatic.  Peter Flynn University College, Cork, Ireland <cbts8001@vax1.ucc.ie> [INTERNET] <cbts8001@iruccvax> [BITNET] <pflynn@bytecosy> [BIX]  A. PC-TeX is supplied by Personal TeX Inc, 12 Madrona Avenue, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA (+1 415 388 8853) and by UniTeX Systems, 12 Dale View Road, Beauchief, Sheffield S8 0EJ, UK (+44 742 351489) B. Micro-TeX, originally supplied by Addison-Wesley, is now defunct. C. TeX is a new product from ArborText Inc, 535 West William Street, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA (+1 313 996 3566). D. DOS-TeX is a shareable implementation available for US$75 ($85 outside the US) from Gary Beihl, Electronetics Inc, 119 Jackrabbit Run, Round Rock, TX 78664, USA. Gary can be contacted by electronic mail as <beihl@wahb.cad.mcc.com> on the DARPA Internet. E. SB-TeX is a public domain implementation by Wayne Sullivan and Peter Breitenlohner, available from SIMTEL--20, Aston, Washington, Heidelberg and other network file servers. F. Turbo-TeX costs from $99 (PC) to $2000 (VAX) from the Kinch Computer Company, Turbo-TeX Marketing, 501 South Meadow Street, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. They will also supply C source for the PC for $650. G. PC-Write is a ShareWare product of QuickSoft Inc, 219 First Avenue North #224, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, cost $89.