\chapter{Smaller (or Larger) Notes in Normal-Sized Staves} Here we describe how to change the size of note symbols without changing the size of the staff itself. Changing overall staff size will be treated in Chapter~\ref{staffspacing}. \section{Arbitrary sequences of notes} Written-out ornaments and \itxem{cadenzas} are usually typeset with smaller notes and spacing than normal. The smaller \ital{size} can be initiated anywhere inside a \verb|\notes| group by stating \keyindex{smallnotesize} or \keyindex{tinynotesize}. Normal note size is then restored by \keyindex{normalnotesize} or simply by terminating the \verb|notes| group and starting another. Smaller \ital{spacing} must also be explicitly indicated, usually by redefining \verb|\noteskip| in some way. As an example, this excerpt, from the beginning of the Aria of the ``Creation'' by Joseph {\sc Haydn})\index{Haydn, J.@{\sc Haydn, J.}}, \begin{music} \instrumentnumber{2} \generalmeter{\meterfrac44} \def\qbl#1#2#3{\ibl{#1}{#2}{#3}\qb{#1}{#2}} \setstaffs2{2} \setclef1\bass \setclef2\bass \startbarno0 \startextract \NOtes\qp&\zmidstaff{\bf II}\qp|\qu g\en % mesure 1 \bar \Notes\itieu2J\wh J&\zw N\ibl0c0\qb0e|\qu j\en \notes&\qbl0c0|\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize \Ibbu1ki2\qb1{kj}\tqh1i\hqsk\en \Notes&\qb0e\tbl0\qb0c|\qu j\en \Notes&\ibl0c0\qb0{ece}\tbl0\qb0c|\ql l\sk\ql j\en % mesure 2 \bar \Notes\ttie2\wh J&\ql J\sk\ql L|\zqupp g\qbl1e0% \zq c\qb1e\zq c\qb1e\zq c\tbl1\zqb1e\en \notes&|\sk\ccu h\en \Notes&\ql N\sk\ibl0L{-4}\qbp0L|\ibl1e0\zq c\zqb1e\cu g% \zq c\zqb1e\raise\Interligne\ds\zqu g\qb1g\en \notes&\sk\tbbl0\tbl0\qb0J|\tbl1\zq c\qb1e\en \endextract \end{music} \noindent can be coded as \begin{quote}\begin{verbatim} \instrumentnumber{2} \generalmeter{\meterfrac44} \setstaffs2{2} \setclef2{\bass} \setclef1{\bass} \startbarno=0 \startextract \NOtes\qp&\zmidstaff{\bf II}\qp|\qu g\en % mesure 1 \bar \Notes\itieu2J\wh J&\zw N\ibl0c0\qb0e|\qu j\en \notes&\ibl0c0\qb0c|\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize \Ibbu1ki2\qb1{kj}\tqh1i\en \Notes&\qb0e\tbl0\qb0c|\qu j\en \Notes&\ibl0c0\qb0{ece}\tbl0\qb0c|\ql l\sk\ql j\en % mesure 2 \bar\Notes\ttie2\wh J&\ql J\sk\ql L|\zqupp g\qbl1e0% \zq c\qb1e\zq c\qb1e\zq c\tbl1\zqb1e\en \notes&|\sk\ccu h\en \Notes&\ql N\sk\ibl0L{-4}\qbp0L|\ibl1e0\zq c\zqb1e\cu g% \zq c\zqb1e\raise\Interligne\ds\zqu g\qb1g\en \notes&\sk\tbbl0\tbl0\qb0J|\tbl1\zq c\qb1e\en \endextract \end{verbatim}\end{quote} Similarly, you may use \keyindex{largenotesize} or \keyindex{Largenotesize} to get \emph{larger} notes. \section{Grace notes} Grace notes are a special case of small and tiny notes, namely single-stemmed eighth notes with a diagonal slash through the flag. To enable this, there are the macros \keyindex{grcu}\pitchp\ and \keyindex{grcl}\pitchp, which by themselves would produce normal-sized eighth notes with a slash. They should be used along with the note size reduction macros and spacing reduction macros just discussed. In addition, chordal grace notes can be built as in the following example: \begin{music}\nostartrule \startextract \NOTes\hu h\en \notes\multnoteskip\smallvalue\smallnotesize\grcu j\en \NOTes\hu i\en \bar \notes\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize\zq h\grcl j\en \NOTEs\wh i\en \zendextract \end{music} \noindent which was coded as \begin{quote}\begin{verbatim} \startextract \NOTes\hu h\en \notes\multnoteskip\smallvalue\smallnotesize\grcu j\en \NOTes\hu i\en \bar \notes\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize\zq h\grcl j\en \NOTEs\wh i\en \zendextract \end{verbatim}\end{quote} \section[Ossia]{Ossia\texorpdfstring{\protect\footnote{Italian \textit{o sia} (or else)}}{}} This clever example had been provided by Olivier Vogel:\label{ossia} %\begin{center} %\includegraphics[scale=1]{./mxdexamples/ossiavogel.eps} %\end{center} \begin{music} %\startextract %\hsize70mm \let\extractline\hbox \hbox to \hsize{\hss \def\xnum#1#2#3{\off{#1\elemskip}\zcharnote{#2}{\smalltype\it #3}% \off{-#1\elemskip}}% \newbox\ornamentbox \setbox\ornamentbox=\hbox to 0pt{\kern-4pt\vbox{\hsize=2.6cm% \makeatletter \nostartrule\smallmusicsize\setsize1{\smallvalue}\setclefsymbol1\empty\global\clef@skip0pt% \makeatother %\smallmusicsize\setsize1{\smallvalue}\setclefsymbol1\empty% %\startpiece %\addspace{2pt}% \startextract \addspace{-2pt}% \let\notest\notes\def\notes{\vnotes2.1\elemskip}% \notes\ibbbl2{'c}0\qb2b\qb2c\qb2d\tbbbl2\qb2c\en% \notes\xnum{1.15}{'e}3\qb2d\qb2c\tbl2\qb2d\en% \notes\ibl2{'c}1\usf e\qb2c\en% \notes\tbl2\qb2{'d}\en \let\notes\notest% %\zstoppiece% \endextract }\hss} %\setbox\ornamentbox=\hbox to 0pt{Hello} % % %\normalmusicsize\nopagenumbers %\def\nbinstruments{1}% \setstaffs12\setclef1{60}% \generalsignature{-2}\generalmeter{\meterfrac{3}{4}}% %\parindent 0pt% %\stafftopmarg0pt\staffbotmarg5\Interligne\interstaff{10}\relax %\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip% \startextract\addspace\afterruleskip% \NOtes\ibl1{'G}{-1}\qb1G\sk\bigna F\tbl1\qb1F|% \ibbl2{'b}0\qb2b\qb2a\qb2b\tbl2\qb2c\en% \NOtes\hl{'E}\bsk\raise6\internote\ds\ibu3{G}1\bigsh F% \qb3F\qb3G\tbu3\qb3{'A}|\zcharnote{10}{\copy\ornamentbox}\qlp{'c}\sk\sk% \cl d\en% %\endpiece \endextract \hss} %\vfill\eject\endmuflex \end{music} The code is: \begin{quote}\begin{verbatim} \hsize70mm% \def\xnum#1#2#3{\off{#1\elemskip}\zcharnote{#2}{\smalltype\it #3}% \off{-#1\elemskip}}% \newbox\ornamentbox \setbox\ornamentbox=\hbox to 0pt{\kern-4pt\vbox{\hsize=2.6cm% \nostartrule\smallmusicsize\setsize1{\smallvalue}\setclefsymbol1\empty% \startpiece\addspace{2pt}% \notes\ibbbl2{'c}0\qb2b\qb2c\qb2d\tbbbl2\qb2c\en% \notes\xnum{1.15}{'e}3\qb2d\qb2c\tbl2\qb2d\en% \notes\ibl2{'c}1\usf e\qb2c\en% \notes\tbl2\qb2{'d}\en% \zstoppiece% }\hss} \normalmusicsize\nopagenumbers \def\nbinstruments{1}% \setstaffs12\setclef1{60}% \generalsignature{-2}\generalmeter{\meterfrac{3}{4}}% \parindent 0pt% \stafftopmarg0pt\staffbotmarg5\Interligne\interstaff{10}\relax \startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip% \notes\ibl1{'G}{-1}\qb1G\sk\bigna F\tbl1\qb1F|% \ibbl2{'b}0\qb2b\qb2a\qb2b\tbl2\qb2c\en% \notes\hl{'E}\bsk\raise6\internote\ds\ibu3{G}1\bigsh F% \qb3F\qb3G\tbu3\qb3{'A}|\zcharnote{10}{\copy\ornamentbox}\qlp{'c}\sk\sk% \cl d\en% \end{verbatim}\end{quote}