% \iffalse -*- coding: utf-8 ; -*- \fi \iffalse meta-comment
%
% Copyright (C) 2023 by F. Pantigny
% -----------------------------------
%
% This file may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
% The latest version of this license is in:
%
% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%
% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
% version 2005/12/01 or later.
%
% \fi
% \iffalse
\def\myfileversion{1.1}
\def\myfiledate{2023/01/07}
%
%
%<*batchfile> 
\begingroup
\input l3docstrip.tex
\keepsilent
\usedir{tex/latex/cascade}
\preamble

Copyright (C) 2023 by F. Pantigny
-----------------------------------

This file may be distributed and/or modified under the
conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
of this license or (at your option) any later version.
The latest version of this license is in:

http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt

and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
version 2005/12/01 or later.

\endpreamble
\askforoverwritefalse
\endgroup
%</batchfile>
%
%<@@=piton>
%<*driver>
\documentclass{l3doc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{left=2.8cm,right=2.8cm,top=2.5cm,bottom=2.5cm,papersize={21cm,29.7cm}}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{caption,tabularx}
\def\emphase{\bgroup\color{RoyalPurple}\let\next=}
\fvset{commandchars=\~\#\@,formatcom=\color{gray}}
\captionsetup{labelfont = bf}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage[footnotehyper,escape-inside=$$,math-comments]{piton} % $$

\parindent 0pt
\skip\footins = 2\bigskipamount

\PitonOptions{gobble=2}

\EnableCrossrefs

\begin{document}
\DocInput{piton.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>

% \fi
%
% \catcode`\" = 11 
% 
% \title{The package \pkg{piton}\thanks{This document corresponds to the
% version~\myfileversion\space of \pkg{piton}, at the date of~\myfiledate.}} 
% \author{F. Pantigny \\ \texttt{fpantigny@wanadoo.fr}}
%
% \maketitle
%
% \begin{abstract}
% The package \pkg{piton} provides tools to typeset Python listings with
% syntactic highlighting by using the Lua library LPEG. It requires LuaLaTeX.
% \end{abstract}
% 
% 
%
% \section{Presentation}
% 
%
% The package \pkg{piton} uses the Lua library LPEG\footnote{LPEG is a
% pattern-matching library for Lua, written in C, based on \emph{parsing
% expression grammars}: \url{http://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/lpeg/}} for
% parsing Python listings and typeset them with syntactic highlighting. Since it
% uses Lua code, it works with |lualatex| only (and won't work with the other
% engines: |latex|, |pdflatex| and |xelatex|). It does not use external program
% and the compilation does not require |--shell-escape|. The compilation is very
% fast since all the parsing is done by the library LPEG, written in C.
% 
% \bigskip
% Here is an example of code typeset by \pkg{piton}, with the environment |{Piton}|.
%
% \bigskip
%
%    \begin{Piton}
% from math import pi
%
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%    """Compute the mathematical value of arctan(x)
%
%    n is the number of terms in the sum
%    """
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x) # recursive call
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x) 
%         #> (we have used that $\arctan(x)+\arctan(1/x)=\frac{\pi}{2}$ for $x>0$)\footnote{This LaTeX escape has been done by beginning the comment by \ttfamily\#>.}
%     else: 
%         s = 0
%         for k in range(n):
%             s += (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1)
%         return s 
%    \end{Piton}
% 
%
% \bigskip
% 
% The package \pkg{piton} is entirely contained in the file
% |piton.sty|. This file may be put in the current directory or in a
% |texmf| tree. However, the best is to install \pkg{piton} with a TeX
% distribution such as MiKTeX, TeX Live or MacTeX.
% 
% 
% \section{Use of the package}
%
%
% \subsection{Loading the package}
% 
% The package \pkg{piton} should be loaded with the classical command
% |\usepackage|: |\usepackage{piton}|.
%
% \smallskip
% Nevertheless, we have two remarks:
% \begin{itemize}
% \item the package \pkg{piton} uses the package \pkg{xcolor} (but \pkg{piton}
% does \emph{not} load \pkg{xcolor}: if \pkg{xcolor} is not loaded before the
% |\begin{document}|, a fatal error will be raised).
% \item the package \pkg{piton} must be used with LuaLaTeX exclusively: if
% another LaTeX engine (|latex|, |pdflatex|, |xelatex|,\dots ) is used, a
% fatal error will be raised.
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \subsection{The tools provided to the user}
% 
% The package \pkg{piton} provides several tools to typeset Python code: the
% command |\piton|, the environment |{Piton}| and the command |\PitonInputFile|.
%
% \begin{itemize}\setlength{\fboxsep}{1pt}
% \item The command \colorbox{gray!20}{\texttt\textbackslash piton} should be
% used to typeset small pieces of code inside a paragraph. For example:
% 
% {\color{gray}\verb|\piton{def square(x): return x*x}|}\qquad 
% \piton{def square(x): return x*x}
%
% The syntax and particularities of the command |\piton| are detailed below.
%
% \item The environment \colorbox{gray!20}{\ttfamily\{Piton\}} should be used to
% typeset multi-lines code. Since it takes its argument in a verbatim mode, it
% can't be used within the argument of a LaTeX command. For sake of
% customization, it's possible to define new environments similar to the
% environment |{Piton}| with the command |\NewPitonEnvironment|:
% cf.~\ref{NewPitonEnvironment} p.~\pageref{NewPitonEnvironment}.
%
% \item The command \colorbox{gray!20}{\ttfamily\textbackslash PitonInputFile}
% is used to insert and typeset a whole external file.
%
% That command takes in as optional argument (between square brackets) two keys
% |first-line| and |last-line|: only the part between the corresponding lines
% will be inserted.
% \end{itemize}
%
% \subsection{The syntax of the command \textbackslash piton}
% 
% In fact, the command |\piton| is provided with a double syntax. It may be used
% as a standard command of LaTeX taking its argument between curly braces
% (|\piton{...}|) but it may also be used with a syntax similar to the syntax of
% the command
% |\verb|, that is to say with the argument delimited by two identical characters (e.g.: \verb!\piton|...|!).
% 
% \begin{itemize}
% \item {\color{blue} \textsf{Syntax} \verb|\piton{...}|}\par\nobreak
% When its argument is given between curly braces, the command |\piton| does not
% take its argument in verbatim mode. In particular:
% \begin{itemize}
% \item several consecutive spaces will be replaced by only one space;
% \item it's not possible to use |%| inside the argument;
% \item the braces must be appear by pairs correctly nested;
% \item the LaTeX commands (those beginning with a backslash |\| but also the
% active characters) are fully expanded (but not executed). 
% \end{itemize}
%
% An escaping mechanism is provided: the commands |\\|, |\%|, |\{| and |\}|
% insert the corresponding characters |\|, |%|, |{| and |}|. The last two
% commands are necessary only if one need to insert braces which are not
% balanced.
%
% The other characters (including |#|, |^|, |_|, |&|, |$| and |@|)
% must be inserted without backslash.
% 
% Examples:
%
%\begin{tabular}{>{\color{gray}}l@{\hspace*{1cm}}l}
% \verb|\piton{MyString = '\\n'}| & 
% \piton{MyString = '\\n'} \\
% \verb|\piton{def even(n): return n\%2==0}| & 
% \piton{def even(n): return n\%2==0} \\
% \verb|\piton{c="#"    # an affectation }| & 
% \piton{c="#"     # an affectation } \\
% \verb|\piton{MyDict = {'a': 3, 'b': 4 }}| &
% \piton{MyDict = {'a': 3, 'b': 4 }}
% \end{tabular}
%
% 
% It's possible to use the command |\piton| in the arguments of a
% LaTeX command.\footnote{For example, it's possible to use the command
% \texttt{\textbackslash piton} in a footnote. Example :
% \piton{s = 'A string'}.}
%
% \bigskip
% \item {\color{blue} \textsf{Syntaxe} \verb!\piton|...|!}\par\nobreak
%
% When the argument of the command |\piton| is provided between two identical
% characters, that argument is taken in a \emph{verbatim mode}. Therefore, with
% that syntax, the command |\piton| can't be used within the argument of another
% command. 
%
% \medskip
% Examples:
%
% \begin{tabular}{>{\color{gray}}l@{\hspace*{1cm}}l}
% \verb!\piton|MyString = '\n'|! & 
% \piton|MyString = '\n'| \\
% \verb|\piton!def even(n): return n%2==0!| & 
% \piton!def even(n): return n%2==0! \\
% \verb|\piton+c="#"    # an affectation +| & 
% \piton+c="#"     # an affectation + \\
% \verb|\piton?MyDict = {'a': 3, 'b': 4}?| &
% \piton!MyDict = {'a': 3, 'b': 4}!
% \end{tabular}
%
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \section{Customization}
%
% \subsection{The command \textbackslash PitonOptions}
%
% The command |\PitonOptions| takes in as argument a comma-separated list of
% \textsl{key=value} pairs. The scope of the settings done by that command is
% the current TeX group.\footnote{We remind that a LaTeX environment is, in
% particular, a TeX group.}
%
% \begin{itemize}
% \item The key |gobble| takes in as value a positive integer~$n$: the first $n$
% characters are discarded (before the process of highlightning of the code) for
% each line of the environment |{Piton}|. These characters are not necessarily
% spaces. 
%
% \item When the key |auto-gobble| is in force, the extension \pkg{piton} computes
% the minimal value $n$ of the number of consecutive spaces beginning each (non
% empty) line of the environment |{Piton}| and applies |gobble| with that value
% of~$n$.
%
% \item When the key |env-gobble| is in force, \pkg{piton} analyzes the last
% line of the environment |{Piton}|, that is to say the line which contains
% |\end{Piton}| and determines whether that line contains only spaces followed
% by the |\end{Piton}|. If we are in that situation, \pkg{piton} computes the
% number~$n$ of spaces on that line and applies |gobble| with that value of~$n$.
% The name of that key comes from \emph{environment gobble}: the effect of
% gobble is set by the position of the commands |\begin{Piton}| and
% |\end{Piton}| which delimit the current environment.
%
% \item With the key |line-numbers|, the \emph{non empty} lines (and all the
% lines of the \emph{docstrings}, even the empty ones) are numbered in the
% environments |{Piton}| and in the listings resulting from the use of
% |\PitonInputFile|.
% 
% \item With the key |all-line-numbers|, \emph{all} the lines are numbered,
% including the empty ones.
%
% \item With the key |resume| the counter of lines is not set to zero at the
% beginning of each environment |{Piton}| or use of |\PitonInputFile| as it is
% otherwise. That allows a numbering of the lines across several
% environments. 
%
% \item The key |left-margin| corresponds to a margin on the left. That key may
% be useful in conjonction with the key |line-numbers| or the key
% |line-all-numbers| if one does not want the numbers in an overlapping position
% on the left. 
%
% It's possible to use the key |left-margin| with the value |auto|. With that
% value, if the key |line-numbers| or the key |all-line-numbers| is used, a
% margin will be automatically inserted to fit the numbers of lines. See an
% example part \ref{example-numbering} on page~\pageref{example-numbering}.
%
% \item The key |background-color| sets the background color of the environments
% |{Piton}| and the listings produced by |\PitonInputFile| (that background has
% a width of |\linewidth|). 
%
% \item When the key |show-spaces| is activated, the spaces in the short strings
% (that is to say those delimited by |'| or |"|) are replaced by the character~␣
% (U+2423 : \textsc{open box}). Of course, that character~U+2423 must be present
% in the monospaced font which is used.\footnote{The package \pkg{piton} simply
% uses the current monospaced font. The best way to change that font is to use
% the command \texttt{\textbackslash setmonofont} of
% \pkg{fontspec}.}\par\nobreak \begingroup \PitonOptions{show-spaces} Example :
% \piton|my_string = 'Very good answer'| \endgroup
% \end{itemize}
%
% \bigskip
%
% \begingroup
% \fvset{commandchars=\~\&\@,formatcom=\small\color{gray}}
% \begin{Verbatim}
% ~emphase&\PitonOptions{line-numbers,auto-gobble,background-color = gray!15}@
% \begin{Piton}
%     from math import pi
%     def arctan(x,n=10):
%         """Compute the mathematical value of arctan(x)
%
%         n is the number of terms in the sum
%         """
%         if x < 0:
%             return -arctan(-x) # recursive call
%         elif x > 1: 
%             return pi/2 - arctan(1/x) 
%             #> (we have used that $\arctan(x)+\arctan(1/x)=\frac{\pi}{2}$ pour $x>0$)
%         else 
%             s = 0
%             for k in range(n):
%                 s += (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1)
%             return s 
% \end{Piton}
% \end{Verbatim}
% \endgroup
%
% \begingroup
% \PitonOptions{line-numbers,background-color = gray!15}
%    \begin{Piton}
% from math import pi
%
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     """Compute the mathematical value of arctan(x)
%                                         
%     n is the number of terms in the sum
%     """
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x) # recursive call
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x) 
%         #> (we have used that $\arctan(x)+\arctan(1/x)=\frac{\pi}{2}$ for $x>0$)
%     else 
%         s = 0
%         for k in range(n):
%             s += (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1)
%         return s 
%    \end{Piton}
% \endgroup
% 
% \bigskip
% The command |\PitonOptions| provides in fact several other keys which will be
% described further (see in particular the ``Pages breaks and line breaks''
% p.~\pageref{breakable}). 
%
% \subsection{The styles}
%
% \label{styles}
%
% The package \pkg{piton} provides the command |\SetPitonStyle| to customize the
% different styles used to format the syntactic elements of the Python listings.
% The customizations done by that command are limited to the current TeX
% group.\footnote{We remind that an LaTeX environment is, in particular, a TeX group.}
%
% \bigskip
% The command |\SetPitonStyle| takes in as argument a comma-separated list of
% \textsl{key=value} pairs. The keys are names of styles and the value are LaTeX
% formatting instructions.
%
% \bigskip
% These LaTeX instructions must be formatting instructions such as
% |\color{...}|, |\bfseries|, |\slshape|, etc. (the commands of this kind are
% sometimes called \emph{semi-global} commands). It's also possible to put,
% \emph{at the end of the list of instructions}, a LaTeX command taking exactly
% one argument.
% 
% \bigskip
% Here an example which changes the style used to highlight, in the definition
% of a Python function, the name of the function which is defined.
%
% \begin{verbatim}
% \SetPitonStyle 
%   { Name.Function = \bfseries \setlength{\fboxsep}{1pt}\colorbox{yellow!50} }
% \end{verbatim}
%
% In that example, |\colorbox{yellow!50}| must be considered as the name of a
% LaTeX command which takes in exactly one argument, since, usually, it is used
% with the syntax |\colorbox{yellow!50}{...}|.
%
% \medskip
% \begingroup
% \SetPitonStyle 
%   { Name.Function = \bfseries \setlength{\fboxsep}{1pt}\colorbox{yellow!50} }
% With that setting, we will have : \piton{def cube(x) : return x * x * x }
% \endgroup
% 
% \bigskip
% The different styles are described in the table \ref{Semantic}. The initial
% settings done by \pkg{piton} in |piton.sty| are inspired by the style
% \pkg{manni} de Pygments.\footnote{See: \url{https://pygments.org/styles/}.
% Remark that, by default, Pygments provides for its style \pkg{manni} a colored
% background whose color is the HTML color \texttt{\#F0F3F3}.}
%
%
%
% \begin{table}[b]
% \centering
% \caption{Usage of the different styles}
% \label{Semantic}
% \begin{tabular}{@{}>{\ttfamily}l>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash}p{9cm}@{}}
% \toprule
% \normalfont Style  & Usage \\
% \midrule
% Number & the numbers \\
% String.Short & the short strings (between \texttt{'} or \verb|"|) \\
% String.Long & the long strings (between \texttt{'''} or \verb|"""|) except the
% documentation strings \\ 
% String & that keys sets both |String.Short| and |String.Long| \\
% String.Doc & the documentation strings (only between \texttt{"""} following
% PEP~257) \\
% String.Interpol & the syntactic elements of the fields of the f-strings (that
% is to say the characters \texttt{\{} and \texttt{\}}) \\
% Operator & the following operators : \texttt{!= == << >> - \~{} + / * \% = < > \& .} \verb+|+ \verb|@|\\
% Operator.Word & the following operators : \texttt{in}, \texttt{is},
% \texttt{and}, \texttt{or} and \texttt{not} \\ 
% Name.Builtin & the predefined functions of Python \\
% Name.Function & the name of the functions defined by the user, at the point of
% their definition (that is to say after the keyword |def|) \\
% Name.Decorator & the decorators (instructions beginning by \verb|@|) \\
% Name.Namespace & the name of the modules (= external libraries) \\
% Name.Class & the name of the classes at the point of their definition (that is
% to say after the keyword |class|) \\
% Exception & the names of the exceptions (eg: \texttt{SyntaxError}) \\
% Comment & the comments beginning with \verb|#| \\
% Comment.LaTeX & the comments beginning by \verb|#>|, which are composed in LaTeX by
% \pkg{piton} (and simply called ``LaTeX comments'' in this document) \\
% Keyword.Constant & |True|, |False| and |None| \\
% Keyword & the following keywords :
%           \ttfamily as, assert, break, case, continue, def, del,
%           elif, else, except, exec, finally, for, from, 
%           global, if, import, lambda, non local,
%           pass, raise, return, try, while,
%           with, yield, yield from.\\
% \bottomrule 
% \end{tabular}
% \end{table}
%
%
%
% 
% \subsection{Creation of new environments}
%
% \label{NewPitonEnvironment}
% 
% Since the environment |{Piton}| has to catch its body in a special way (more
% or less as verbatim text), it's not possible to construct new environments
% directly over the environment |{Piton}| with the classical commands
% |\newenvironment| or |\NewDocumentEnvironment|.
%
% That's why \pkg{piton} provides a command |\NewPitonEnvironment|. That
% command takes in three mandatory arguments. 

% That command has the same syntax as the classical environment
% |\NewDocumentEnvironment|.
% 
% \bigskip
% With the following instruction, a new environment |{Python}| will be
% constructed with the same behaviour as |{Piton}|:
%
% {\color{gray}\verb|\NewPitonEnvironment{Python}{}{}{}|}
%
% \bigskip
% If one wishes an environment |{Python}| with takes in as optional argument
% (between square brackets) the keys of the command |\PitonOptions|, it's
% possible to program as follows:
%
% {\color{gray}\verb|\NewPitonEnvironment{Python}{O{}}{\PitonOptions{#1}}{}|}
% 
% \bigskip
% If one wishes to format Python code in a box of \pkg{tcolorbox}, it's possible
% to define an environment |{Python}| with the following code: 
%
%\begin{verbatim}
% \NewPitonEnvironment{Python}{}
%   {\begin{tcolorbox}}
%   {\end{tcolorbox}}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%
% \section{Advanced features}
%
% \subsection{Mechanisms to escape to LaTeX}
%
% The package \pkg{piton} provides several mechanisms for escaping to LaTeX:
% \begin{itemize}
% \item It's possible to compose comments entirely in LaTeX.
% \item It's possible to have the elements between \texttt{\$} in the comments
% composed in LateX mathematical mode.
% \item It's also possible to insert LaTeX code almost everywhere in a Python listing.
% \end{itemize}
%
% \subsubsection{The ``LaTeX comments''}
%
% In this document, we call ``LaTeX comments'' the comments which begins by
% |#>|. The code following those characters, until the end of the line, will be
% composed as standard LaTeX code. There is two tools to customize those
% comments.
%
% \begin{itemize}
% \item It's possible to change the syntatic mark (which, by default, is |#>|).
% For this purpose, there is a key |comment-latex| available at load-time (that
% is to say at the |\usepackage|) which allows to choice the characters which,
% preceded by |#|, will be the syntatic marker.
%
% For example, with the following loading:
% 
% \quad \verb|\usepackage[comment-latex = LaTeX]{piton}|
%
% the LaTeX comments will begin by |#LaTeX|.
%
% If the key |comment-latex| is used with the empty value, all the Python
% comments (which begins by |#|) will, in fact, be ``LaTeX comments''.
%
% \smallskip
% \item It's possible to change the formatting of the LaTeX comment itself by
% changing the \pkg{piton} style |Comment.LaTeX|.
%
% For example, with |\SetPitonStyle{Comment.LaTeX = \normalfont\color{blue}}|,
% the LaTeX comments will be composed in blue.
%
% If you want to have a character |#| at the beginning of the LaTeX comment in
% the \textsc{pdf}, you can use set |Comment.LaTeX| as follows:
%
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \SetPitonStyle{Comment.LaTeX = \color{gray}\~#\normalfont\space }
% \end{Verbatim}
% 
% For other examples of customization of the LaTeX comments, see the part
% \ref{example-comments} p.~\pageref{example-comments}
% \end{itemize}
%
% \subsubsection{The key ``math-comments''}
%
% It's possible to request that, in the standard Python comments (that is to say
% those beginning by |#| and not |#>|), the elements between \texttt{\$} be
% composed in LaTeX mathematical mode (the other elements of the comment being
% composed verbatim).
%
% That feature is activated by the key |math-comments| at load-time (that is to
% say with the |\usepackage|).
%
% \medskip
% In the following example, we assume that the key |math-comments| has been used
% when loading \pkg{piton}.
%
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \begin{Piton}
% def square(x):
%     return x*x ~# compute $x^2$
% \end{Piton}
% \end{Verbatim}
%
% \begin{Piton}
% def square(x):
%     return x*x # compute $x^2$
% \end{Piton}
% 
% \subsubsection{The mechanism ``escape-inside''}
%
% It's also possible to overwrite the Python listings to insert LaTeX code
% almost everywhere (but between lexical units, of course). By default,
% \pkg{piton} does not fix any character for that kind of escape.
%
% In order to use this mechanism, it's necessary to specify two characters which
% will delimit the escape (one for the beginning and one for the end) by using
% the key |escape-inside| at load-time (that is to say a the
% |\begin{docuemnt}|). 
%
% \medskip
% In the following example, we assume that the extension \pkg{piton} has been
% loaded by the following instruction.
%
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \usepackage[~emphase#escape-inside=$$@]{piton}
% \end{Verbatim}
%
% \medskip
% In the following code, which is a recursive programmation of the mathematical
% factorial, we decide to highlight in yellow the instruction which contains the
% recursive call. 
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \begin{Piton}
% def fact(n):
%     if n==0:
%         return 1
%     else:
%         ~emphase#$\colorbox{yellow!50}{$@return n*fact(n-1)~emphase#$}$@
% \end{Piton}
% \end{Verbatim}
%
%    \begin{Piton}
% def fact(n):
%     if n==0:
%         return 1
%     else:
%         $\colorbox{yellow!50}{$return n*fact(n-1)$}$
%    \end{Piton}
%         
% \bigskip
%
% \emph{Caution} : The escape to LaTeX allowed by the characters of
% |escape-inside| is not active in the strings nor in the Python comments
% (however, it's possible to have a whole Python comment composed in LaTeX by
% beginning it with |#>|; such comments are merely called ``LaTeX comments'' in
% this document). 
% 
%
% \subsubsection{Behaviour in the class Beamer}
%
% \colorbox{yellow!50}{\textbf{New 1.1}}
%
% \smallskip
% When \pkg{piton} is used in the class \cls{beamer}, the following commands of
% \cls{beamer} are automatically detected in the environments |{Piton}|
% (without any escaping mechanism) : |\action|,
% |\alert|, |\invisible|, |\only|, |\uncover| and |\visible|.\footnote{The extension \pkg{piton} detects the class
%   \cls{beamer} but, if needed, it's also possible to activate that mechanism
%   with the key |beamer| provided by \pkg{piton} at load-time: |\textbackslash usepackage[beamer]{piton}|}
%
% \medskip
% However, there must be \textbf{no end-of-line} in the arguments of those commands.
% 
% \medskip
% Remark that, since the environment |{Piton}| takes in its body with a verbatim
% mode, it's necessary to use the environments |{Piton}| within environments
% |{frame}| protected by the key |fragile|.
%
% \medskip
% Here is a complete example of file:
%
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \documentclass{beamer}
% \usepackage{xcolor}
% \usepackage{piton}
%
% \begin{document}
%
% \begin{frame}[fragile]
% \begin{Piton}
% def square(x):
% ~emphase#\only<2>{    return x*x}@
% \end{Piton}
% \end{frame}
%
% \end{document}
% \end{Verbatim}
%
%
% \subsection{Page breaks and line breaks}
%
% \label{breakable}
%
% \subsubsection{Page breaks}
%
% By default, the listings produced by the environment |{Piton}| and the command
% |\PitonInputFile| are not breakable.
%
% However, the command |\PitonOptions| provides the key |splittable| to allow such
% breaks.
%
% \begin{itemize}
% \item If the key |splittable| is used without any value, the listings are
% breakable everywhere.
% \item If the key |splittable| is used with a numeric value~$n$ (which must be
% a non-negative integer number), the listings are breakable but no break will
% occur within the first $n$ lines and within the last $n$ lines. Therefore,
% |splittable=1| is equivalent to |splittable|.
% \end{itemize}
%
% \medskip
% Even with a background color (set by |background-color|), the pages breaks are
% allowed, as soon as the key |splittable| is in force.\footnote{With the key
% |splittable|, the environments \texttt{\{Piton\}} are breakable, even within a
% (breakable) environment of \pkg{tcolorbox}. Remind that an environment of
% \pkg{tcolorbox} included in another environment of \pkg{tcolorbox} is
% \emph{not} breakable, even when both environments use the key |breakable| of
% \pkg{tcolorbox}.}
% 
% \subsubsection{Line breaks}
% 
% By default, the lines of the listings produced by |{Piton}| and
% |\PitonInputFile| are not breakable.
%
% \smallskip
% There exist several keys (available in |\PitonOptions|) to allow and control
% such line breaks.
%
% \begin{itemize}
% \item The key |break-lines| actives the lines breaks. Only the spaces (even in
% the strings) are allowed break points.
% 
% \item With the key |indent-broken-lines|, the indentation of a broken line is
% respected at carriage return.
%
% \item The key |end-of-broken-line| corresponds to the symbol placed at the end
% of a broken line. The initial value is: |\hspace*{0.5em}\textbackslash|.
%
% \item The key |continuation-symbol| corresponds to the symbol placed at each
% carriage return. The initial value is: |+\;|.
%
% \item The key |continuation-symbol-on-indentation| coresponds to the symbol
% placed at each carriage return, on the position of the indentation (only when
% the key |indent-broken-line| is in force). The initial value is:
% |$\hookrightarrow\;$|.
% \end{itemize}
%
%
% \bigskip
% The following code has been composed in a |{minipage}| of width 12~cm with the
% following tuning:
%
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \PitonOptions{break-lines,indent-broken-lines,background-color=gray!15}
% \end{Verbatim}
%
% \begin{center}
% \PitonOptions{break-lines,indent-broken-lines,background-color=gray!15}
% \begin{minipage}{12cm}
% \begin{Piton}
% def dict_of_list(l):
%     """Converts a list of subrs and descriptions of glyphs in a dictionary"""
%     our_dict = {}
%     for list_letter in l:
%         if (list_letter[0][0:3] == 'dup'): # if it's a subr
%             name = list_letter[0][4:-3]
%             print("We treat the subr of number " + name)
%         else:
%             name = list_letter[0][1:-3] # if it's a glyph
%             print("We treat the glyph of number " + name)
%         our_dict[name] = [treat_Postscript_line(k) for k in list_letter[1:-1]]
%     return dict
% \end{Piton}
% \end{minipage}
% \end{center}
% 
% \subsection{Footnotes in the environments of piton}
% 
% \label{footnote}
% If you want to put footnotes in an environment |{Piton}| or
% (or, more unlikely, in a listing produced by |\PitonInputFile|), you can use a
% pair |\footnotemark|--|\footnotetext|. 
%
% \smallskip
% However, it's also possible to extract the footnotes with the help of the
% package \pkg{footnote} or the package \pkg{footnotehyper}.
%
% \smallskip
% If \pkg{piton} is loaded with the option |footnote| (with
% |\usepackage[footnote]{piton}| or with |\PassOptionsToPackage|), the
% package \pkg{footnote} is loaded (if it is not yet loaded) and it is used to
% extract the footnotes.
%
% \smallskip
% If \pkg{piton} is loaded with the option |footnotehyper|, the package
% \pkg{footnotehyper} is loaded (if it is not yet loaded) ant it is used to
% extract footnotes.
%
% \smallskip
% Caution: The packages \pkg{footnote} and \pkg{footnotehyper} are incompatible.
% The package \pkg{footnotehyper} is the successor of the package \pkg{footnote}
% and should be used preferently. The package \pkg{footnote} has some drawbacks,
% in particular: it must be loaded after the package \pkg{xcolor} and it is not
% perfectly compatible with \pkg{hyperref}.
%
% \medskip 
% In this document, the package \pkg{piton} has been loaded with the
% option |footnotehyper|. For examples of notes, cf. \ref{notes-examples},
% p.~\pageref{notes-examples}.
%
% \subsection{Tabulations}
%
% \smallskip 
% Even though it's recommended to indent the Python listings with spaces (see
% PEP~8), \pkg{piton} accepts the characters of tabulation (that is to say the
% characters U+0009) at the beginning of the lines. Each character U+0009 is
% replaced by $n$~spaces. The initial value of $n$ is $4$ but it's possible to
% change it with the key |tab-size| of |\PitonOptions|.
%
% \smallskip
% There exists also a key |tabs-auto-gobble| which computes the minimal value
% $n$ of the number of consecutive characters U+0009 beginning each (non empty)
% line of the environment |{Piton}| and applies |gobble| with that value of~$n$
% (before replacement of the tabulations by spaces, of course). Hence, that key
% is similar to the key |auto-gobble| but acts on U+0009 instead of U+0020
% (spaces).
%
% \section{Examples}
%
% \subsection{Line numbering}
%
% \label{example-numbering}
%
% We remind that it's possible to have an automatic numbering of the lines in
% the Python listings by using the key |line-numbers| or the key |all-line-numbers|.
%
% By default, the numbers of the lines are composed by \pkg{piton} in an
% overlapping position on the left (by using internally the command |\llap| of LaTeX).
%
% In order to avoid that overlapping, it's possible to use the option |left-margin=auto|
% which will insert automatically a margin adapted to the numbers of lines that
% will be written (that margin is larger when the numbers are greater than~10).
%
%
% \begingroup
% \fvset{commandchars=\~\&\@,formatcom=\small\color{gray}}
% \begin{Verbatim}
% ~emphase&\PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10, left-margin = auto, line-numbers}@
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)        #> (appel récursif)
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x) #> (autre appel récursif) 
%     else: 
%         return sum( (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1) for k in range(n) ) 
% \end{Piton}
% \end{Verbatim}
% \endgroup
%
%
%
% \begingroup
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10,left-margin = auto, line-numbers}
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)        #> (appel récursif)
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x) #> (autre appel récursif) 
%     else: 
%         return sum( (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1) for k in range(n) ) 
% \end{Piton}
% \endgroup
%
%
%
% \bigskip
% \subsection{Formatting of the LaTeX comments}
%
% \label{example-comments}
%
% It's possible to modify the style |Comment.LaTeX| (with |\SetPitonStyle|) in
% order to display the LaTeX comments (which begin with |#>|) aligned on the
% right margin.
%
%
% \begingroup
% \fvset{commandchars=\~\&\@,formatcom=\small\color{gray}}
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10}
% ~emphase&\SetPitonStyle{Comment.LaTeX = \hfill \normalfont\color{gray}}@
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)        #> appel récursif
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x) #> autre appel récursif 
%     else: 
%         return sum( (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1) for k in range(n) ) 
% \end{Piton}
% \end{Verbatim}
% \endgroup
%
% \begingroup
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10}
% \SetPitonStyle{Comment.LaTeX = \hfill \normalfont\color{gray}}
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)        #> appel récursif
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x) #> autre appel récursif 
%     else: 
%         return sum( (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1) for k in range(n) ) 
% \end{Piton}
% \endgroup
%
%
% \vspace{1cm}
% It's also possible to display these LaTeX comments in a kind of second column
% by limiting the width of the Python code by an environment |{minipage}| of LaTeX.
%
%
% \begingroup
% \fvset{commandchars=\~\&\@,formatcom=\small\color{gray}}
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10}
% ~emphase&\NewDocumentCommand{\MyLaTeXCommand}{m}{\hfill \normalfont\itshape\rlap{\quad #1}}@
% ~emphase&\SetPitonStyle{Comment.LaTeX = \MyLaTeXCommand}@
% ~emphase&\begin{minipage}{12cm}@
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)       #> appel récursif
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x) #> autre appel récursif 
%     else: 
%         s = 0
%         for k in range(n):
%              s += (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1)
%         return s 
% \end{Piton}
% ~emphase&\end{minipage}@
% \end{Verbatim}
% \endgroup
%
%
%
% \begingroup
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10}
% \NewDocumentCommand{\MyLaTeXCommand}{m}{\hfill \normalfont\itshape\rlap{\quad #1}}
% \SetPitonStyle{Comment.LaTeX = \MyLaTeXCommand}
% \begin{minipage}{12cm}
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)       #> appel récursif
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x) #> autre appel récursif 
%     else: 
%         s = 0
%         for k in range(n):
%              s += (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1)
%         return s 
% \end{Piton}
% \end{minipage}
% \endgroup
%
%
% \bigskip
% \subsection{Notes in the listings}
%
% \label{notes-examples}
% 
% In order to be able to extract the notes (which are typeset with the command
% |\footnote|), the extension \pkg{piton} must be loaded with the key |footnote|
% or the key |footenotehyper| as explained in the section \ref{footnote}
% p.~\pageref{footnote}. In this document, the extension \pkg{piton} has been
% loaded with the key |footnotehyper|.
%
% Of course, in an environment |{Piton}|, a command |\footnote| may appear only
% within a LaTeX comment (which begins with |#>|). It's possible to have comments
% which contain only that command |\footnote|. That's the case in the following example.
%
%
%
% \begingroup
% \fvset{commandchars=\~\&\@,formatcom=\small\color{gray}}
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10}
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)~emphase&#>\footnote{First recursive call.}]@
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x)~emphase&#>\footnote{Second recursive call.}@
%     else: 
%         return sum( (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1) for k in range(n) ) 
% \end{Piton}
% \end{Verbatim}
% \endgroup
%
% \begingroup
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10}
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)#>\footnote{First recursive call.}
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x)#>\footnote{Second recursive call.}
%     else: 
%         return sum( (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1) for k in range(n) ) 
% \end{Piton}
% \endgroup
%
%
% \vspace{1cm}
%
% If an environment |{Piton}| is used in an environment |{minipage}| of LaTeX,
% the notes are composed, of course, at the foot of the environment
% |{minipage}|. Recall that such |{minipage}| can't be broken by a page break.

%
% \begingroup
% \fvset{commandchars=\~\&\@,formatcom=\small\color{gray}}
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10}
% \emphase\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)~emphase&#>\footnote{First recursive call.}@
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x)~emphase&#>\footnote{Second recursive call.}@
%     else: 
%         return sum( (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1) for k in range(n) ) 
% \end{Piton}
% \end{minipage}
% \end{Verbatim}
% \endgroup
%
% \begingroup
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10}
% \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)#>\footnote{First recursive call.}
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x)#>\footnote{Second recursive call.}
%     else: 
%         return sum( (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1) for k in range(n) ) 
% \end{Piton}
% \end{minipage}
% \endgroup
%
%
% \vspace{1cm}
% If we embed an environment |{Piton}| in an environment |{minipage}|
% (typically in order to limit the width of a colored background), it's
% necessary to embed the whole environment |{minipage}| in an environment
% |{savenotes}| (of \pkg{footnote} or \pkg{footnotehyper}) in order to have the
% footnotes composed at the bottom of the page. 
%
% \begingroup
% \fvset{commandchars=\~\&\@,formatcom=\small\color{gray}}
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10}
% ~emphase&\begin{savenotes}@
% \begin{minipage}{13cm}
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)~emphase&#>\footnote{First recursive call.}@
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x)~emphase&#>\footnote{Second recursive call.}@
%     else: 
%         return sum( (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1) for k in range(n) ) 
% \end{Piton}
% \end{minipage}
% ~emphase&\end{savenotes}@
% \end{Verbatim}
% \endgroup
%
%
%
% \begin{savenotes}
% \PitonOptions{background-color=gray!10}
% \begin{minipage}{13cm}
% \begin{Piton}
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x)#>\footnote{First recursive call.}
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x)#>\footnote{Second recursive call.}
%     else: 
%         return sum( (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1) for k in range(n) ) 
% \end{Piton}
% \end{minipage}
% \end{savenotes}
%
% \bigskip
%
% \subsection{An example of tuning of the styles}
%
% The graphical styles have been presented in the section \ref{styles},
% p.~\pageref{styles}.
%
% \smallskip
% We present now an example of tuning of these styles adapted to the documents
% in black and white. We use the font \emph{DejaVu Sans Mono}\footnote{See:
% \url{https://dejavu-fonts.github.io}} specified by the command |\setmonofont| of 
% \pkg{fontspec}. 
%
%
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \setmonofont[Scale=0.85]{DejaVu Sans Mono}
%
% \SetPitonStyle
%   {
%     Number = ,
%     String = \itshape , 
%     String.Doc = \color{gray} \slshape ,
%     Operator = , 
%     Operator.Word = \bfseries ,
%     Name.Builtin = ,
%     Name.Function = \bfseries \colorbox{gray!20} ,
%     Comment = \color{gray} ,
%     Comment.LaTeX = \normalfont \color{gray},
%     Keyword = \bfseries ,
%     Name.Namespace = ,
%     Name.Class = , 
%     Name.Type = ,
%     InitialValues = \color{gray}
%   }
% \end{Verbatim}
%
%
% \begingroup
%
% \setmonofont[Scale=0.85]{DejaVu Sans Mono}
%
%  \PitonOptions{splittable}
%
% \SetPitonStyle
%   {
%     Number = ,
%     String = \itshape , 
%     String.Doc = \color{gray} \slshape ,
%     Operator.Word = \bfseries ,
%     Operator = , 
%     Name.Builtin = ,
%     Name.Function = \bfseries \colorbox{gray!20} ,
%     Comment = \color{gray} ,
%     Comment.LaTeX = \normalfont \color{gray} ,
%     Keyword = \bfseries ,
%     Name.Namespace = ,
%     Name.Class = , 
%     Name.Type = ,
%     InitialValues = \color{gray}
%   }
%
%
% \bigskip
%
% \begin{Piton}
% from math import pi
%
% def arctan(x,n=10):
%     """Compute the mathematical value of arctan(x)
%                                               
%     n is the number of terms in the sum
%     """
%     if x < 0:
%         return -arctan(-x) # appel récursif
%     elif x > 1: 
%         return pi/2 - arctan(1/x) 
%         #> (we have used that $\arctan(x)+\arctan(1/x)=\pi/2$ for $x>0$)
%     else: 
%         s = 0
%         for k in range(n):
%             s += (-1)**k/(2*k+1)*x**(2*k+1)
%         return s 
% \end{Piton}
%
% \endgroup
% 
% \subsection{Use with pyluatex}
%
% The package \pkg{pyluatex} is an extension which allows the execution of some
% Python code from |lualatex| (provided that Python is installed on the machine
% and that the compilation is done with |lualatex| and |--shell-escape|).
%
% Here is, for example, an environment |{PitonExecute}| which formats a Python
% listing (with \pkg{piton}) but display also the output of the execution of the
% code with Python. 
%
%
% \begin{Verbatim}
% \ExplSyntaxOn
% \NewDocumentEnvironment { ~emphase#PitonExecute@ } { ! O { } } 
%   { 
%     \PyLTVerbatimEnv
%     \begin{pythonq} 
%   }
%   {
%     \end{pythonq}
%     \directlua
%       {
%         tex.print("\\PitonOptions{~#1}")
%         tex.print("\\begin{Piton}")
%         tex.print(pyluatex.get_last_code())
%         tex.print("\\end{Piton}")
%         tex.print("") 
%       }
%     \begin{center}
%       \directlua{tex.print(pyluatex.get_last_output())}
%     \end{center}
%   }
% \ExplSyntaxOff
% \end{Verbatim}
%
% \ExplSyntaxOn
% \NewDocumentEnvironment { PitonExecute } { ! O { } } 
%   { 
%     \PyLTVerbatimEnv
%     \begin{pythonq} 
%   }
%   {
%     \end{pythonq}
%     \directlua
%       {
%         tex.print("\\PitonOptions{~#1}")
%         tex.print("\\begin{Piton}")
%         tex.print(pyluatex.get_last_code())
%         tex.print("\\end{Piton}")
%         tex.print("") 
%       }
%     \begin{center}
%       \directlua{tex.print(pyluatex.get_last_output())}
%     \end{center}
%   }
% \ExplSyntaxOff
%
% This environment |{PitonExecute}| takes in as optional argument (between
% square brackets) the options of the command |\PitonOptions|.
%
%
% \bigskip
% \clearpage
%
% \section{Implementation}
%
% \subsection{Introduction}
% 
% The main job of the package \pkg{piton} is to take in as input a Python
% listing and to send back to LaTeX as output that code \emph{with interlaced LaTeX
% instructions of formatting}.
%
% In fact, all that job is done by a \textsc{lpeg} called |SyntaxPython|. That
% \textsc{lpeg}, when matched against the string of a Python listing,
% returns as capture a Lua table containing data to send to LaTeX. 
% The only thing to do after will be to apply |tex.tprint| to each element of
% that table.\footnote{Recall that |tex.tprint| takes in as argument a Lua table whose
% first component is a ``catcode table'' and the second element a string. The
% string will be sent to LaTeX with the regime of catcodes specified by the
% catcode table. If no catcode table is provided, the standard catcodes of LaTeX
% will be used.}
% 
% \bigskip
% Consider, for example, the following Python code:
%
% \begin{Piton}
% def parity(x):
%     return x%2
% \end{Piton}
%
% The capture returned by the \pkg{lpeg} |SyntaxPython| against that code is the
% Lua table containing the following elements :
%
% \bigskip
% \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
% \color{gray}
% 
% |{ "\\__piton_begin_line:" }|\footnote{Each line of the Python listings will
% be encapsulated in a pair: \texttt{\textbackslash_@@_begin_line:} --
% \texttt{\textbackslash@@_end_line:}. The token
% \texttt{\textbackslash@@_end_line:} must be explicit because it will be used as
% marker in order to delimit the argument of the command \texttt{\textbackslash
% @@\_begin\_line:}. Both tokens \texttt{\textbackslash_@@_begin_line:} and
% \texttt{\textbackslash@@_end_line:} will be nullified in the command
% \texttt{\textbackslash piton} (since there can't be lines breaks in the
% argument of a command \texttt{\textbackslash piton}).}  
% 
% \texttt{\{ "\{\textbackslash PitonStyle\{Keyword\}\{" \}}\footnote{The
% lexical elements of Python for which we have a \pkg{piton} style will be
% formatted via the use of the command \texttt{\textbackslash PitonStyle}.
% Such an element is typeset in LaTeX via the syntax \texttt{\{\textbackslash
% PitonStyle\{\textsl{style}\}\{...\}\}} because the instructions inside an \texttt{\textbackslash
% PitonStyle} may be both semi-global declarations like
% \texttt{\textbackslash bfseries} and commands with one argument like
% \texttt{\textbackslash fbox}.}
%
% \texttt{\{
% luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther\footnote{\texttt{luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther} is a mere number which corresponds to the ``catcode table'' whose all characters have the catcode ``other'' (which means that they will be typeset by LaTeX verbatim).}, "def" \} }
%
% |{ "}}" }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, " " }|
%
% |{ "{\PitonStyle{Name.Function}{" }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, "parity" }|
%
% |{ "}}" }|
% 
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, "(" }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, "x" }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, ")" }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, ":" }|
% 
% |{ "\\__piton_end_line: \\__piton_newline: \\__piton_begin_line:" }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, "    " }|
%
% |{ "{\PitonStyle{Keyword}{" }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, "return" }|
%
% |{ "}}" }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, " " }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, "x" }|
%
% |{ "{\PitonStyle{Operator}{" }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, "&" }|
%
% |{ "}}" }|
%
% |{ "{\PitonStyle{Number}{" }|
%
% |{ luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther, "2" }|
%
% |{ "}}" }|
% 
% |{ "\\__piton_end_line:" }|
% 
% \end{minipage}
%
% \bigskip
% We give now the LaTeX code which is sent back by Lua to TeX (we have written
% on several lines for legibility but no character |\r| will be sent to LaTeX). The
% characters which are greyed-out are sent to LaTeX with the catcode ``other''
% (=12). All the others characters are sent with the regime of catcodes of L3
% (as set by |\ExplSyntaxOn|)
%
% 
% \begingroup
% \def\gbox#1{\colorbox{gray!20}{\strut #1}}
% \setlength{\fboxsep}{1pt}
% 
% \begin{Verbatim*}[formatcom = \color{black}]
% \__piton_begin_line:{\PitonStyle{Keyword}{~gbox#def@}}
% ~gbox# @{\PitonStyle{Name.Function}{~gbox#parity@}}~gbox#(x):@\__piton_end_line:\__piton_newline:
% \__piton_begin_line:~gbox#    @{\PitonStyle{Keyword}{~gbox#return@}}
% ~gbox# x@{\PitonStyle{Operator}{~gbox#%@}}{\PitonStyle{Number}{~gbox#2@}}\__piton_end_line:
% \end{Verbatim*}
% \endgroup
%
%
% 
%
% \subsection{The L3 part of the implementation}
%
% \subsubsection{Declaration of the package}
%     \begin{macrocode}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\RequirePackage{l3keys2e}
\ProvidesExplPackage
  {piton}
  {\myfiledate}
  {\myfileversion}
  {Highlight Python codes with LPEG on LuaLaTeX}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\msg_new:nnn { piton } { LuaLaTeX~mandatory }
  { The~package~'piton'~must~be~used~with~LuaLaTeX.\\ It~won't~be~loaded. }
\sys_if_engine_luatex:F { \msg_critical:nn { piton } { LuaLaTeX~mandatory } }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RequirePackage { luatexbase } 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% The boolean |\c_@@_footnotehyper_bool| will indicate if the option
% |footnotehyper| is used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \c_@@_footnotehyper_bool
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% The boolean |\c_@@_footnote_bool| will indicate if the option |footnote| is
% used, but quicky, it will also be set to |true| if the option |footnotehyper|
% is used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \c_@@_footnote_bool
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% The following boolean corresponds to the key |math-comments| (only at load-time).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \c_@@_math_comments_bool
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% The following boolean corresponds to the key |beamer|. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \c_@@_beamer_bool
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% We define a set of keys for the options at load-time.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\keys_define:nn { piton / package }
  { 
    footnote .bool_set:N = \c_@@_footnote_bool ,
    footnotehyper .bool_set:N = \c_@@_footnotehyper_bool ,
    escape-inside .tl_set:N = \c_@@_escape_inside_tl ,
    escape-inside .initial:n = , 
    comment-latex .code:n = { \lua_now:n { comment_latex = "#1" } } ,   
    comment-latex .value_required:n = true ,
    math-comments .bool_set:N = \c_@@_math_comments_bool ,
    math-comments .default:n  = true ,
    beamer        .bool_set:N = \c_@@_beamer_bool ,
    beamer        .default:n = true , 
    unknown .code:n = \msg_error:nn { piton } { unknown~key~for~package }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\msg_new:nnn { piton } { unknown~key~for~package }
  {
    Unknown~key.\\
    You~have~used~the~key~'\l_keys_key_str'~but~the~only~keys~available~here~
    are~'beamer',~'comment-latex',~'escape-inside',~'footnote',~'footnotehyper'~and~ 
    'math-comments'.~Other~keys~are~available~in~\token_to_str:N \PitonOptions.\\
    That~key~will~be~ignored.
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% We process the options provided by the user at load-time.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ProcessKeysOptions { piton / package }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_set_escape_char:nn #1 #2 
  {
    \lua_now:n { piton_begin_escape = "#1" }
    \lua_now:n { piton_end_escape = "#2" }
  }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \@@_set_escape_char:nn { x x }
\@@_set_escape_char:xx 
  { \tl_head:V \c_@@_escape_inside_tl }
  { \tl_tail:V \c_@@_escape_inside_tl }
\endgroup
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\@ifclassloaded { beamer } { \bool_set_true:N \c_@@_beamer_bool } { }
\bool_if:NT \c_@@_beamer_bool { \lua_now:n { piton_beamer = true } }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\hook_gput_code:nnn { begindocument } { . }
  {
    \@ifpackageloaded { xcolor }
      { }
      { \msg_fatal:nn { piton } { xcolor~not~loaded } }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}     
\msg_new:nnn { piton } { xcolor~not~loaded }
  {
    xcolor~not~loaded \\
    The~package~'xcolor'~is~required~by~'piton'.\\
    This~error~is~fatal.
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\msg_new:nnn { piton } { footnote~with~footnotehyper~package }
  { 
    Footnote~forbidden.\\
    You~can't~use~the~option~'footnote'~because~the~package~
    footnotehyper~has~already~been~loaded.~
    If~you~want,~you~can~use~the~option~'footnotehyper'~and~the~footnotes~  
    within~the~environments~of~piton~will~be~extracted~with~the~tools~
    of~the~package~footnotehyper.\\
    If~you~go~on,~the~package~footnote~won't~be~loaded.
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\msg_new:nnn { piton } { footnotehyper~with~footnote~package }
  { 
    You~can't~use~the~option~'footnotehyper'~because~the~package~
    footnote~has~already~been~loaded.~
    If~you~want,~you~can~use~the~option~'footnote'~and~the~footnotes~  
    within~the~environments~of~piton~will~be~extracted~with~the~tools~
    of~the~package~footnote.\\ 
    If~you~go~on,~the~package~footnotehyper~won't~be~loaded.
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_if:NT \c_@@_footnote_bool 
  { 
%    \end{macrocode}
% The class \cls{beamer} has its own system to extract footnotes and that's why
% we have nothing to do if \cls{beamer} is used. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \@ifclassloaded { beamer }
      { \bool_set_false:N \c_@@_footnote_bool }
      { 
        \@ifpackageloaded { footnotehyper }
          { \@@_error:n { footnote~with~footnotehyper~package } }
          { \usepackage { footnote } }
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_if:NT \c_@@_footnotehyper_bool 
  { 
%    \end{macrocode}
% The class \cls{beamer} has its own system to extract footnotes and that's why
% we have nothing to do if \cls{beamer} is used. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \@ifclassloaded { beamer }
      { \bool_set_false:N \c_@@_footnote_bool }
      { 
        \@ifpackageloaded { footnote }
          { \@@_error:n { footnotehyper~with~footnote~package } }
          { \usepackage { footnotehyper } }
        \bool_set_true:N \c_@@_footnote_bool 
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% The flag |\c_@@_footnote_bool| is raised and so, we will only have to test
% |\c_@@_footnote_bool| in order to know if we have to insert an environment
% |{savenotes}|.
% 
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{Parameters and technical definitions}
%
% We will compute (with Lua) the numbers of lines of the Python code and store
% it in the following counter.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\int_new:N \l_@@_nb_lines_int
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% The same for the number of non-empty lines of the Python codes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\int_new:N \l_@@_nb_non_empty_lines_int
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% The following counter will be used to count the lines during the composition.
% It will count all the lines, empty or not empty. It won't be used to print the
% numbers of the lines.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\int_new:N \g_@@_line_int
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
% The following token list will contains the (potential) informations to write
% on the |aux| (to be used in the next compilation).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tl_new:N \g_@@_aux_tl
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
% The following counter corresponds to the key |splittable| of |\PitonOptions|.
% If the value of |\l_@@_splittable_int| is equal to $n$, then no line break can
% occur within the first $n$~lines or the last $n$~lines of the listings.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\int_new:N \l_@@_splittable_int
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% An initial value of |splittable| equal to 100 is equivalent to say that the
% environments |{Piton}| are unbreakable.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\int_set:Nn \l_@@_splittable_int { 100 }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% The following string corresponds to the key |background-color| of |\PitonOptions|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\str_new:N \l_@@_background_color_str
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% We will compute the maximal width of the lines of an environment |{Piton}| in
% |\g_@@_width_dim|. We need a global variable because when the key |footnote|
% is in force, each line when be composed in an environment |{savenotes}| and
% (when |slim| is in force) we need to exit |\g_@@_width_dim| from that
% environment.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\dim_new:N \g_@@_width_dim 
%    \end{macrocode}
% The value of that dimension as written on the |aux| file will be stored in 
% |\l_@@_width_on_aux_dim|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\dim_new:N \l_@@_width_on_aux_dim 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% We will count the environments |{Piton}| (and, in fact, also the commands
% |\PitonInputFile|, despite the name |\g_@@_env_int|).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\int_new:N \g_@@_env_int 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
% The following booleans correspond to the keys |break-lines| and
% |indent-broken-lines|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \l_@@_break_lines_bool
\bool_new:N \l_@@_indent_broken_lines_bool
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% The following token list corresponds to the key |continuation-symbol|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tl_new:N \l_@@_continuation_symbol_tl
\tl_set:Nn \l_@@_continuation_symbol_tl { + }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
% The following token list corresponds to the key
% |continuation-symbol-on-indentation|. The name has been shorten to |csoi|.
\tl_new:N \l_@@_csoi_tl 
\tl_set:Nn \l_@@_csoi_tl { $ \hookrightarrow \; $  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% The following token list corresponds to the key |end-of-broken-line|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tl_new:N \l_@@_end_of_broken_line_tl 
\tl_set:Nn \l_@@_end_of_broken_line_tl { \hspace*{0.5em} \textbackslash }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
% The following boolean corresponds to the key |slim| of |\PitonOptions|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \l_@@_slim_bool
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% The following dimension corresponds to the key |left-margin| of
% |\PitonOptions|. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\dim_new:N \l_@@_left_margin_dim
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% The following boolean correspond will be set when the key |left-margin=auto|
% is used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \l_@@_left_margin_auto_bool
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
% The tabulators will be replaced by the content of the following token list.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tl_new:N \l_@@_tab_tl
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_set_tab_tl:n #1
  { 
    \tl_clear:N \l_@@_tab_tl
    \prg_replicate:nn { #1 } 
      { \tl_put_right:Nn \l_@@_tab_tl { ~ } }
  }
\@@_set_tab_tl:n { 4 }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
% The following integer corresponds to the key |gobble|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\int_new:N \l_@@_gobble_int 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tl_new:N \l_@@_space_tl
\tl_set:Nn \l_@@_space_tl { ~ } 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%
% \medskip
% At each line, the following counter will count the spaces at the beginning.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\int_new:N \g_@@_indentation_int
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_an_indentation_space:
  { \int_gincr:N \g_@@_indentation_int }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{Treatment of a line of code}
% 
% 
% \bigskip
% In the contents provided by Lua, each line of the Python code will be
% surrounded by |\@@_begin_line:| and |\@@_end_line:|. 
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_begin_line: #1 \@@_end_line:
  { 
    \int_gzero:N \g_@@_indentation_int
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% 
% Be careful: there is curryfication in the following lines.
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \bool_if:NTF \l_@@_slim_bool
      { \hcoffin_set:Nn \l_tmpa_coffin }
      { 
        \str_if_empty:NTF \l_@@_background_color_str
          { 
            \vcoffin_set:Nnn \l_tmpa_coffin 
              { \dim_eval:n { \linewidth - \l_@@_left_margin_dim } } 
          }
          { 
            \vcoffin_set:Nnn \l_tmpa_coffin
              { \dim_eval:n { \linewidth - \l_@@_left_margin_dim - 0.5 em } } 
          }
      }
      { 
        \language = -1
        \raggedright 
        \strut 
        \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { #1 } 
%    \end{macrocode}
% If the key |break-lines| is in force, we replace all the characters U+0032
% (that is to say the spaces) by |\@@_breakable_space:|. Remark that, except the
% spaces inserted in the LaTeX comments (and maybe in the math comments), all
% these spaces are of catcode ``other'' (=12) and are unbreakable.
%    \begin{macrocode}
        \bool_if:NT \l_@@_break_lines_bool
          { 
            \regex_replace_all:nnN 
              { \x20 } 
              { \c { @@_breakable_space: } }
              \l_tmpa_tl 
          } 
        \l_tmpa_tl \strut \hfil 
      } 
    \hbox_set:Nn \l_tmpa_box 
      { 
        \skip_horizontal:N \l_@@_left_margin_dim
        \bool_if:NT \l_@@_line_numbers_bool
          {
            \bool_if:NF \l_@@_all_line_numbers_bool
              { \tl_if_empty:nF { #1 } }
              \@@_print_number:
          }
        \str_if_empty:NF \l_@@_background_color_str 
          { \skip_horizontal:n { 0.5 em } }
        \coffin_typeset:Nnnnn \l_tmpa_coffin T l \c_zero_dim \c_zero_dim 
      }  
%    \end{macrocode}
% We compute in |\g_@@_width_dim| the maximal width of the lines of the
% environment. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \dim_compare:nNnT { \box_wd:N \l_tmpa_box } > \g_@@_width_dim 
      { \dim_gset:Nn \g_@@_width_dim { \box_wd:N \l_tmpa_box } }
    \box_set_dp:Nn \l_tmpa_box { \box_dp:N \l_tmpa_box + 1.25 pt } 
    \box_set_ht:Nn \l_tmpa_box { \box_ht:N \l_tmpa_box + 1.25 pt } 
    \tl_if_empty:NTF \l_@@_background_color_str
      { \box_use_drop:N \l_tmpa_box }
      {
        \vbox_top:n 
          { 
            \hbox:n
              { 
                \exp_args:NV \color \l_@@_background_color_str
                \vrule height \box_ht:N \l_tmpa_box 
                       depth \box_dp:N \l_tmpa_box 
                       width \l_@@_width_on_aux_dim
              } 
            \skip_vertical:n { - \box_ht_plus_dp:N \l_tmpa_box }
            \box_set_wd:Nn \l_tmpa_box \l_@@_width_on_aux_dim 
            \box_use_drop:N \l_tmpa_box
          }
      }   
    \vspace { - 2.5 pt }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_newline: 
  { 
    \int_gincr:N \g_@@_line_int
    \int_compare:nNnT \g_@@_line_int > { \l_@@_splittable_int - 1 }
      {
        \int_compare:nNnT 
          { \l_@@_nb_lines_int - \g_@@_line_int } > \l_@@_splittable_int 
          {
            \egroup
            \bool_if:NT \c_@@_footnote_bool { \end { savenotes } } 
            \newline
            \bool_if:NT \c_@@_footnote_bool { \begin { savenotes } } 
            \vtop \bgroup
          }
     }
  } 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_breakable_space:
  { 
    \discretionary 
      { \hbox:n { \color { gray } \l_@@_end_of_broken_line_tl } } 
      { 
        \hbox_overlap_left:n 
          { 
            { 
              \normalfont \footnotesize \color { gray } 
              \l_@@_continuation_symbol_tl 
            } 
            \skip_horizontal:n { 0.3 em }  
            \str_if_empty:NF \l_@@_background_color_str 
              { \skip_horizontal:n { 0.5 em } }
          }  
        \bool_if:NT \l_@@_indent_broken_lines_bool
          { 
            \hbox:n
              { 
                \prg_replicate:nn { \g_@@_indentation_int } { ~ } 
                { \color { gray } \l_@@_csoi_tl }
              } 
          } 
      } 
      { \hbox { ~ } }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{PitonOptions}
%
% \medskip
% The following parameters correspond to the keys |line-numbers| and
% |all-line-numbers|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \l_@@_line_numbers_bool 
\bool_new:N \l_@@_all_line_numbers_bool 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
% The following flag corresponds to the key |resume|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \l_@@_resume_bool 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% Be careful! The name of the following set of keys must be considered as
% public! Hence, it should \emph{not} be changed.
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\keys_define:nn { PitonOptions }
  {
    gobble           .int_set:N         = \l_@@_gobble_int , 
    gobble           .value_required:n  = true ,
    auto-gobble      .code:n            = \int_set:Nn \l_@@_gobble_int { -1 } , 
    auto-gobble      .value_forbidden:n = true ,
    env-gobble       .code:n            = \int_set:Nn \l_@@_gobble_int { -2 } , 
    env-gobble       .value_forbidden:n = true ,
    tabs-auto-gobble .code:n            = \int_set:Nn \l_@@_gobble_int { -3 } , 
    tabs-auto-gobble .value_forbidden:n = true ,
    line-numbers     .bool_set:N        = \l_@@_line_numbers_bool ,
    line-numbers     .default:n         = true ,
    all-line-numbers .code:n = 
      \bool_set_true:N \l_@@_line_numbers_bool 
      \bool_set_true:N \l_@@_all_line_numbers_bool ,
    all-line-numbers .value_forbidden:n = true  ,
    resume           .bool_set:N        = \l_@@_resume_bool ,
    resume           .value_forbidden:n = true ,
    splittable       .int_set:N         = \l_@@_splittable_int ,
    splittable       .default:n         = 1 , 
    background-color .str_set:N         = \l_@@_background_color_str ,
    background-color .value_required:n  = true ,
    slim             .bool_set:N        = \l_@@_slim_bool ,
    slim             .default:n         = true ,
    left-margin      .code:n =
      \str_if_eq:nnTF { #1 } { auto }
        { 
          \dim_zero:N \l_@@_left_margin_dim 
          \bool_set_true:N \l_@@_left_margin_auto_bool
        }
        { \dim_set:Nn \l_@@_left_margin_dim { #1 } } ,
    left-margin      .value_required:n  = true ,
    tab-size         .code:n            = \@@_set_tab_tl:n { #1 } ,
    tab-size         .value_required:n  = true , 
    show-spaces      .code:n            = \tl_set:Nn \l_@@_space_tl { ␣ } , % U+2423
    show-spaces      .value_forbidden:n = true ,
    break-lines      .bool_set:N        = \l_@@_break_lines_bool ,
    break-lines      .default:n         = true ,
    indent-broken-lines .bool_set:N     = \l_@@_indent_broken_lines_bool ,
    indent-broken-lines .default:n      = true ,
    end-of-broken-line  .tl_set:N       = \l_@@_end_of_broken_line_tl ,
    end-of-broken-line  .value_required:n = true , 
    continuation-symbol .tl_set:N       = \l_@@_continuation_symbol_tl ,
    continuation-symbol .value_required:n = true , 
    continuation-symbol-on-indentation .tl_set:N = \l_@@_csoi_tl ,
    continuation-symbol-on-indentation .value_required:n = true , 
    unknown          .code:n = 
      \msg_error:nn { piton } { Unknown~key~for~PitonOptions }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% 
%  \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\msg_new:nnnn { piton } { Unknown~key~for~PitonOptions }
  { 
    Unknown~key. \\
    The~key~'\l_keys_key_str'~is~unknown~for~\token_to_str:N \PitonOptions.~
    It~will~be~ignored.\\
    For~a~list~of~the~available~keys,~type~H~<return>.
  }
  {
    The~available~keys~are~(in~alphabetic~order):~
    all-line-numbers,~
    auto-gobble,~
    break-lines,~
    continuation-symbol,~
    continuation-symbol-on-indentation,~
    end-of-broken-line,~
    env-gobble,~
    gobble,~
    indent-broken-lines,~
    left-margin,~
    line-numbers,~
    resume,~
    show-spaces,~
    slim,~
    splittable,~
    tabs-auto-gobble,~
    and~tab-size.
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% The argument of |\PitonOptions| is provided by curryfication.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand \PitonOptions { } { \keys_set:nn { PitonOptions } }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{The numbers of the lines}
%
% \medskip
% The following counter will be used to count the lines in the code when the
% user requires the numbers of the lines to be printed (with |line-numbers| or
% |all-line-numbers|). 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\int_new:N \g_@@_visual_line_int 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_print_number:
  {
    \int_gincr:N \g_@@_visual_line_int 
    \hbox_overlap_left:n
      { 
        { \color { gray } \footnotesize \int_to_arabic:n \g_@@_visual_line_int }
        \skip_horizontal:n { 0.4 em } 
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{The command to write on the aux file}
%
%   
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_write_aux:
  {
    \tl_if_empty:NF \g_@@_aux_tl 
      {
        \iow_now:Nn \@mainaux { \ExplSyntaxOn }
        \iow_now:Nx \@mainaux 
          {
            \tl_gset:cn { c_@@_ \int_use:N \g_@@_env_int _ tl } 
              { \exp_not:V \g_@@_aux_tl } 
          }
        \iow_now:Nn \@mainaux { \ExplSyntaxOff }
      }
    \tl_gclear:N \g_@@_aux_tl 
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_width_to_aux:
  {
    \bool_if:NT \l_@@_slim_bool
      {
        \str_if_empty:NF \l_@@_background_color_str
          {
            \tl_gput_right:Nx \g_@@_aux_tl
              {
                \dim_set:Nn \l_@@_width_on_aux_dim 
                  { \dim_eval:n { \g_@@_width_dim + 0.5 em } }
              }
          }
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{The main commands and environments for the final user}
% 
% \medskip 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand { \piton } { }
  { \peek_meaning:NTF \bgroup \@@_piton_standard \@@_piton_verbatim }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand { \@@_piton_standard } { m }
  {
    \group_begin:
    \ttfamily
    \cs_set_eq:NN \\ \c_backslash_str
    \cs_set_eq:NN \% \c_percent_str  
    \cs_set_eq:NN \{ \c_left_brace_str
    \cs_set_eq:NN \} \c_right_brace_str
    \cs_set_eq:NN \$ \c_dollar_str
    \cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_begin_line: { }
    \cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_end_line: { }
    \lua_now:n { piton.pitonParse(token.scan_string()) } { #1 }
    \group_end:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand { \@@_piton_verbatim } { v }
  {
    \group_begin:
      \ttfamily
      \cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_begin_line: { }
      \cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_end_line: { }
      \lua_now:n { piton.Parse(token.scan_string()) } { #1 }
    \group_end:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%  \bigskip
% The following command is not a user command. It will be used when you will
% have to ``rescan'' some chunks of Python code. For example, if will be the
% initial value of the Piton style |InitialValues| (the default values of the
% arguments of a Python function).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_piton:n #1
  { 
    \group_begin:
    \cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_begin_line: { }
    \cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_end_line: { }
    \lua_now:n { piton.Parse(token.scan_string()) } { #1 }
    \group_end:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% Despite its name, |\@@_pre_env:| will be used both in |\PitonInputFile| dans
% in the environments such as |{Piton}|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new:Npn \@@_pre_env:
  {
    \int_gincr:N \g_@@_env_int 
    \tl_gclear:N \g_@@_aux_tl
    \cs_if_exist_use:c { c_@@ _ \int_use:N \g_@@_env_int _ tl }
    \dim_compare:nNnT \l_@@_width_on_aux_dim = \c_zero_dim
      { \dim_set_eq:NN \l_@@_width_on_aux_dim \linewidth }
    \bool_if:NF \l_@@_resume_bool { \int_gzero:N \g_@@_visual_line_int }
    \dim_gzero:N \g_@@_width_dim
    \int_gzero:N \g_@@_line_int
    \dim_zero:N \parindent 
    \dim_zero:N \lineskip 
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\keys_define:nn { PitonInputFile }
  {
    first-line .int_set:N = \l_@@_first_line_int ,  
    first-line .value_required:n = true ,
    last-line .int_set:N = \l_@@_last_line_int , 
    last-line .value_required:n = true , 
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand { \PitonInputFile } { O { } m }
  {
    \group_begin:
      \int_zero_new:N \l_@@_first_line_int
      \int_zero_new:N \l_@@_last_line_int 
      \int_set_eq:NN \l_@@_last_line_int \c_max_int
      \keys_set:nn { PitonInputFile } { #1 }
      \@@_pre_env:
      \mode_if_vertical:TF \mode_leave_vertical: \newline 
%    \end{macrocode}
% We count with Lua the number of lines of the argument. The result will be
% stored by Lua in |\l_@@_nb_lines_int|. That information will be used to allow
% or disallow page breaks.
%    \begin{macrocode}
      \lua_now:n { piton.CountLinesFile(token.scan_argument()) } { #2 }  
%    \end{document}     
% If the final user has used both |left-margin=auto| and |line-numbers| or
% |all-line-numbers|, we have to compute the width of the maximal number of
% lines at the end of the composition of the listing to fix the correct value to
% |left-margin|. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
      \bool_lazy_and:nnT \l_@@_left_margin_auto_bool \l_@@_line_numbers_bool
        {
         \hbox_set:Nn \l_tmpa_box
           {
             \footnotesize
             \bool_if:NTF \l_@@_all_line_numbers_bool
               {
                  \int_to_arabic:n 
                    { \g_@@_visual_line_int + \l_@@_nb_lines_int }  
               }
               {
                  \lua_now:n 
                    { piton.CountNonEmptyLinesFile(token.scan_argument()) } 
                    { #2 }
                  \int_to_arabic:n 
                    { \g_@@_visual_line_int + \l_@@_nb_non_empty_lines_int }   
                }
            }
          \dim_set:Nn \l_@@_left_margin_dim { \box_wd:N \l_tmpa_box + 0.5em }
        }
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now, the main job.
%    \begin{macrocode}
      \ttfamily
      \bool_if:NT \c_@@_footnote_bool { \begin { savenotes } } 
      \vtop \bgroup 
      \lua_now:e
        { piton.ParseFile(token.scan_argument(),
           \int_use:N \l_@@_first_line_int , 
           \int_use:N \l_@@_last_line_int ) 
        } 
        { #2 }
      \egroup 
      \bool_if:NT \c_@@_footnote_bool { \end { savenotes } } 
      \@@_width_to_aux:
    \group_end:
    \@@_write_aux:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% 
% \bigskip 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand { \NewPitonEnvironment } { m m m m }
  { 
    \dim_zero:N \parindent 
%    \end{macrocode}
% We construct a TeX macro which will catch as argument all the tokens until
% |\end{|\texttt{\textsl{name_env}}|}| with, in that
% |\end{|\texttt{\textsl{name_env}}|}|, the catcodes of |\|, |{| and |}| equal to
% 12 (``\texttt{other}''). The latter explains why the definition of that
% function is a bit complicated.
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \use:x 
      { 
        \cs_set_protected:Npn 
          \use:c { _@@_collect_ #1 :w } 
          ####1 
          \c_backslash_str end \c_left_brace_str #1 \c_right_brace_str
      }
          {
            \group_end:
            \mode_if_vertical:TF \mode_leave_vertical: \newline 
%    \end{macrocode}
% We count with Lua the number of lines of the argument. The result will be
% stored by Lua in |\l_@@_nb_lines_int|. That information will be used to allow
% or disallow page breaks.
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \lua_now:n { piton.CountLines(token.scan_argument()) } { ##1 }  
%    \end{macrocode}
% If the final user has used both |left-margin=auto| and |line-numbers|, we have
% to compute the width of the maximal number of lines at the end of the
% environment to fix the correct value to |left-margin|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \bool_lazy_and:nnT \l_@@_left_margin_auto_bool \l_@@_line_numbers_bool
              {
                \bool_if:NTF \l_@@_all_line_numbers_bool
                  {
                    \hbox_set:Nn \l_tmpa_box
                      { 
                        \footnotesize
                        \int_to_arabic:n 
                          { \g_@@_visual_line_int + \l_@@_nb_lines_int }  
                      }
                  }
                  {
                    \lua_now:n 
                      { piton.CountNonEmptyLines(token.scan_argument()) } 
                      { ##1 }  
                    \hbox_set:Nn \l_tmpa_box
                      { 
                        \footnotesize
                        \int_to_arabic:n 
                          { \g_@@_visual_line_int + \l_@@_nb_non_empty_lines_int }   
                      }
                  }
                \dim_set:Nn \l_@@_left_margin_dim
                  { \box_wd:N \l_tmpa_box + 0.5 em }
              }
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now, the main job.
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \ttfamily
            \bool_if:NT \c_@@_footnote_bool { \begin { savenotes } } 
            \vtop \bgroup 
            \lua_now:e 
              { 
                piton.GobbleParse
                  ( \int_use:N \l_@@_gobble_int , token.scan_argument() ) 
              } 
              { ##1 }
            \vspace { 2.5 pt } 
            \egroup 
            \bool_if:NT \c_@@_footnote_bool { \end { savenotes } } 
            \@@_width_to_aux:
%    \end{macrocode}
% The following |\end{#1}| is only for the groups and the stack of
% environments of LaTeX.
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \end { #1 }
            \@@_write_aux:
          }   
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% 
% \bigskip
% We can now define the new environment.
%
% We are still in the definition of the command |\NewPitonEnvironment|...
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \NewDocumentEnvironment { #1 } { #2 } 
      {
        #3 
        \@@_pre_env:
        \group_begin:
        \tl_map_function:nN 
          { \ \\ \{ \} \$ \& \# \^ \_ \% \~ \^^I } 
          \char_set_catcode_other:N 
        \use:c { _@@_collect_ #1 :w }
      }
      { #4 }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% The following code is for technical reasons. We want to change the catcode of
% |^^M| before catching the arguments of the new environment we are defining.
% Indeed, if not, we will have problems if there is a final optional argument in
% our environment (if that final argument is not used by the user in an
% instance of the environment, a spurious space is inserted, probably because
% the |^^M| is converted to space).
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \AddToHook { env / #1 / begin } { \char_set_catcode_other:N \^^M }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% This is the end of the definition of the command |\NewPitonEnvironment|.
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewPitonEnvironment { Piton } { } { } { }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{The styles}
% 
% \medskip
% The following command is fundamental: it will be used by the Lua code.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand { \PitonStyle } { m } { \use:c { pitonStyle #1 } }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \medskip
% The following command takes in its argument by curryfication.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NewDocumentCommand { \SetPitonStyle } { } { \keys_set:nn { piton / Styles } } 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_math_scantokens:n #1 
  { \normalfont \scantextokens { $#1$ } }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\keys_define:nn { piton / Styles }
  {
    String.Interpol  .tl_set:c = pitonStyle String.Interpol , 
    String.Interpol  .value_required:n = true ,
    FormattingType   .tl_set:c = pitonStyle FormattingType ,
    FormattingType   .value_required:n = true ,
    Dict.Value       .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Dict.Value ,
    Dict.Value       .value_required:n = true ,
    Name.Decorator   .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Name.Decorator ,
    Name.Decorator   .value_required:n = true ,
    Name.Function    .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Name.Function ,
    Name.Function    .value_required:n = true ,
    Keyword          .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Keyword ,
    Keyword          .value_required:n = true ,
    Keyword.Constant .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Keyword.Constant ,
    Keyword.constant .value_required:n = true ,
    String.Doc       .tl_set:c = pitonStyle String.Doc ,
    String.Doc       .value_required:n = true ,
    Interpol.Inside  .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Interpol.Inside ,
    Interpol.Inside  .value_required:n = true ,
    String.Long      .tl_set:c = pitonStyle String.Long ,
    String.Long      .value_required:n = true ,
    String.Short     .tl_set:c = pitonStyle String.Short ,
    String.Short     .value_required:n = true ,
    String           .meta:n = { String.Long = #1 , String.Short = #1 } ,
    Comment.Math     .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Comment.Math , 
    Comment.Math     .default:n = \@@_math_scantokens:n ,
    Comment.Math     .initial:n = ,
    Comment          .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Comment , 
    Comment          .value_required:n = true ,
    InitialValues    .tl_set:c = pitonStyle InitialValues ,
    InitialValues    .value_required:n = true ,
    Number           .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Number , 
    Number           .value_required:n = true ,
    Name.Namespace   .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Name.Namespace , 
    Name.Namespace   .value_required:n = true ,
    Name.Class       .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Name.Class , 
    Name.Class       .value_required:n = true ,
    Name.Builtin     .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Name.Builtin , 
    Name.Builtin     .value_required:n = true ,
    Name.Type        .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Name.Type , 
    Name.Type        .value_required:n = true ,
    Operator         .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Operator , 
    Operator         .value_required:n = true ,
    Operator.Word    .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Operator.Word , 
    Operator.Word    .value_required:n = true ,
    Post.Function    .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Post.Function , 
    Post.Function    .value_required:n = true ,
    Exception        .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Exception ,
    Exception        .value_required:n = true ,
    Comment.LaTeX    .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Comment.LaTeX ,
    Comment.LaTeX    .value_required:n = true ,
    Beamer           .tl_set:c = pitonStyle Beamer ,
    Beamer           .value_required:n = true ,
    unknown          .code:n = 
      \msg_error:nn { piton } { Unknown~key~for~SetPitonStyle }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% 
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\msg_new:nnn { piton } { Unknown~key~for~SetPitonStyle } 
  {
    The~style~'\l_keys_key_str'~is~unknown.\\
    This~key~will~be~ignored.\\
    The~available~styles~are~(in~alphabetic~order):~
    Comment,~
    Comment.LaTeX,~
    Dict.Value,~
    Exception,~
    InitialValues,~ 
    Keyword,~
    Keyword.Constant,~
    Name.Builtin,~
    Name.Class,~
    Name.Decorator,~
    Name.Function,~
    Name.Namespace,~
    Number,~
    Operator,~
    Operator.Word,~
    String,~
    String.Doc,~
    String.Long,~
    String.Short,~and~
    String.Interpol. 
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{The initial style}
%
% The initial style is inspired by the style ``manni'' of Pygments.
% 
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\SetPitonStyle
  {                                                       
    Comment          = \color[HTML]{0099FF} \itshape , 
    Exception        = \color[HTML]{CC0000} ,
    Keyword          = \color[HTML]{006699} \bfseries ,               
    Keyword.Constant = \color[HTML]{006699} \bfseries ,               
    Name.Builtin     = \color[HTML]{336666} ,
    Name.Decorator   = \color[HTML]{9999FF}, 
    Name.Class       = \color[HTML]{00AA88} \bfseries ,
    Name.Function    = \color[HTML]{CC00FF} , 
    Name.Namespace   = \color[HTML]{00CCFF} , 
    Number           = \color[HTML]{FF6600} ,
    Operator         = \color[HTML]{555555} ,
    Operator.Word    = \bfseries ,
    String           = \color[HTML]{CC3300} ,         
    String.Doc       = \color[HTML]{CC3300} \itshape , 
    String.Interpol  = \color[HTML]{AA0000} ,
    Comment.LaTeX    = \normalfont \color[rgb]{.468,.532,.6} , 
    Name.Type        = \color[HTML]{336666} ,
    InitialValues    = \@@_piton:n ,
    Dict.Value       = \@@_piton:n ,
    Interpol.Inside  = \color{black}\@@_piton:n ,
    Beamer           = \@@_piton:n , 
    Post.Function    = \@@_piton:n ,
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% The last style |Post.Function| should be considered as an ``internal style''
% (not available for the final user).
%
% \medskip
% If the key |math-comments| has been used at load-time, we change the style
% |Comment.Math| which should be considered only at an ``internal style''.
% However, maybe we will document in a future version the possibility to write
% change the style \emph{locally} in a document)].
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_if:NT \c_@@_math_comments_bool
  { \SetPitonStyle { Comment.Math } }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{Security}
%
%     \begin{macrocode}
\AddToHook { env / piton / begin } 
   { \msg_fatal:nn { piton } { No~environment~piton } }

\msg_new:nnn { piton } { No~environment~piton }
  { 
    There~is~no~environment~piton!\\
    There~is~an~environment~{Piton}~and~a~command~
    \token_to_str:N \piton\ but~there~is~no~environment~
    {piton}.~This~error~is~fatal.
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%
% \bigskip
% \subsection{The Lua part of the implementation}
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\RequirePackage{luacode}
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%
% \bigskip
% The Lua code will be loaded via a |{luacode*}| environment. Thei environment
% is by itself a Lua block and the local declarations will be local to that
% block. All the global functions (used by the L3 parts of the implementation)
% will be put in a Lua table |piton|.
%
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begin{luacode*}
piton = piton or { }
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
if piton.comment_latex == nil then piton.comment_latex = ">" end 
piton.comment_latex = "#" .. piton.comment_latex 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% 
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{Special functions dealing with LPEG}
%
% 
% \medskip
% We will use the Lua library \pkg{lpeg} which is built in LuaTeX. That's why we
% define first aliases for several functions of that library.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local P, S, V, C, Ct, Cc = lpeg.P, lpeg.S, lpeg.V, lpeg.C, lpeg.Ct, lpeg.Cc
local Cf, Cs = lpeg.Cf, lpeg.Cs
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%
% \bigskip
% The function |Q| takes in as argument a pattern and returns a \textsc{lpeg}
% \emph{which does a capture} of the pattern. That capture will be sent to LaTeX
% with the catcode ``other'' for all the characters: it's suitable for elements
% of the Python listings that \pkg{piton} will typeset verbatim (thanks to the
% catcode ``other''). 
%    \begin{macrocode}
local function Q(pattern)
  return Ct ( Cc ( luatexbase.catcodetables.CatcodeTableOther ) * C ( pattern ) )
end 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \bigskip
% The function |L| takes in as argument a pattern and returns a \textsc{lpeg}
% \emph{which does a capture} of the pattern. That capture will be sent to LaTeX
% with standard LaTeX catcodes for all the characters: the elements captured
% will be formatted as normal LaTeX codes. It's suitable for the ``LaTeX
% comments'' in the environments |{Piton}| and the elements beetween 
% ``|escape-inside|''. That function won't be much used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local function L(pattern)
  return Ct ( C ( pattern ) ) 
end
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% The function |Lc| (the c is for \emph{constant}) takes in as argument a string
% and returns a \textsc{lpeg} \emph{with does a constant capture} which returns
% that string. The elements captured will be formatted as L3 code. It will be
% used to send to LaTeX all the formatting LaTeX instructions we have to insert
% in order to do the syntactic highlighting (that's the main job of
% \pkg{piton}). That function will be widely used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local function Lc(string)
  return Cc ( { luatexbase.catcodetables.expl , string } ) 
end 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% The function |K| creates a \textsc{lpeg} which will return as capture
% the whole LaTeX code corresponding to a Python chunk (that is to say with the
% LaTeX formatting instructions corresponding to the syntactic nature of that
% Python chunk). The first argument is a pattern (that is to say a \textsc{lpeg}
% without capture) and the second element is a Lua string corresponding to the
% name of a \pkg{piton} style. If the second argument is not present, the
% function |K| behaves as the function |Q| does.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local function K(pattern, style)
  if style 
  then
  return 
     Lc ( "{\\PitonStyle{" .. style .. "}{" )
     * Q ( pattern )
     * Lc ( "}}" )
  else 
  return Q ( pattern ) 
  end
end
%    \end{macrocode}
% The formatting commands in a given \pkg{piton} style (eg. the style |Keyword|)
% may be semi-global declarations (such as |\bfseries| or |\slshape|) or LaTeX
% macros with an argument (such as |\fbox| or |\colorbox{yellow}|). In order to
% deal with both syntaxes, we have used two pairs of braces: 
% |{\PitonStyle{Keyword}{|\texttt{\slshape text to format}|}}|.
% 
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} catches the Python chunks which are in LaTeX
% escapes (and that chunks will be considered as normal LaTeX constructions). We
% recall that |piton.begin_espace| and |piton_end_escape| are Lua strings
% corresponding to the key |escape-inside|\footnote{The \pkg{piton} key
% |escape-inside| is available at load-time only.}. Since the elements that will
% be catched must be sent to LaTeX with standard LaTeX catcodes, we put the
% capture (done by the function |C|) in a table (by using |Ct|, which is an
% alias for |lpeg.Ct|) without number of catcode table at the first component of
% the table.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Escape = 
  P(piton_begin_escape)
  * L ( ( 1 - P(piton_end_escape) ) ^ 1 ) 
  * P(piton_end_escape)
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \vspace{1cm}
% The following line is mandatory.
%    \begin{macrocode}
lpeg.locale(lpeg)
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{The LPEG SyntaxPython}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
local alpha, digit, space = lpeg.alpha, lpeg.digit, lpeg.space
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% Remember that, for \textsc{lpeg}, the Unicode characters such as |à|, |â|,
% |ç|, etc. are in fact strings of length 2 (2 bytes) because \pkg{lpeg} is not
% Unicode-aware. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
local letter = alpha + P "_" 
  + P "â" + P "à" + P "ç" + P "é" + P "è" + P "ê" + P "ë" + P "ï" + P "î" 
  + P "ô" + P "û" + P "ü" + P "Â" + P "À" + P "Ç" + P "É" + P "È" + P "Ê" 
  + P "Ë" + P "Ï" + P "Î" + P "Ô" + P "Û" + P "Ü" 

local alphanum = letter + digit
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} |identifier| is a mere pattern (that is to say
% more or less a regular expression) which matches the Python identifiers (hence
% the name).
%    \begin{macrocode}
local identifier = letter * alphanum ^ 0
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
% On the other hand, the \textsc{lpeg} |Identifier| (with a capital) also returns
% a \emph{capture}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Identifier = K ( identifier )
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% By convention, we will use names with an initial capital for \textsc{lpeg}
% which return captures.
%
% 
% \bigskip
% Here is the first use of our function~|K|. That function will be used to
% construct \textsc{lpeg} which capture Python chunks for which we have a
% dedicated \pkg{piton} style. For example, for the numbers, \pkg{piton}
% provides a style which is called |Number|. The name of the style is provided
% as a Lua string in the second argument of the function~|K|. By convention, we
% use single quotes for delimiting the Lua strings which are names of
% \pkg{piton} styles (but this is only a convention).
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Number =
  K (
      ( digit^1 * P "." * digit^0 + digit^0 * P "." * digit^1 + digit^1 )
      * ( S "eE" * S "+-" ^ -1 * digit^1 ) ^ -1
      + digit^1 ,
      'Number' 
    ) 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% We recall that |piton.begin_espace| and |piton_end_escape| are Lua strings
% corresponding to the key |escape-inside|\footnote{The \pkg{piton} key
% |escape-inside| is available at load-time only.}. Of course, if the final user
% has not used the key |escape-inside|, these strings are empty.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Word
if piton_begin_escape ~= ''
then Word = K ( ( ( 1 - space - P(piton_begin_escape) - P(piton_end_escape) ) 
                   - S "'\"\r[()]" - digit ) ^ 1 )
else Word = K ( ( ( 1 - space ) - S "'\"\r[()]" - digit ) ^ 1 )
end
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Space = K ( ( space - P "\r" ) ^ 1 )

local SkipSpace = K ( ( space - P "\r" ) ^ 0 )

local Punct = K ( S ".,:;!" )
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Tab = P "\t" * Lc ( '\\l_@@_tab_tl' )
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
local SpaceIndentation = 
   Lc ( '\\@@_an_indentation_space:' ) * K " " 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} |EOL| is for the end of lines.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local EOL = 
  P "\r" 
  *
  (
    ( space^0 * -1 )
    + 
%    \end{macrocode}
% We recall that each line in the Python code we have to parse will be sent
% back to LaTeX between a pair |\@@_begin_line:| --
% |\@@_end_line:|\footnote{Remember that the \texttt{\textbackslash
% @@\_end\_line:} must be explicit because it will be used as marker in order to
% delimit the argument of the command \texttt{\textbackslash @@\_begin\_line:}}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
    Lc ( '\\@@_end_line: \\@@_newline: \\@@_begin_line:' )
  ) 
  *
  SpaceIndentation ^ 0
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Delim = K ( S "[()]" )
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% Some strings of length 2 are explicit because we want the corresponding
% ligatures available in some fonts such as \emph{Fira Code} to be active.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Operator = 
  K ( P "!=" + P "<>" + P "==" + P "<<" + P ">>" + P "<=" + P ">=" + P ":=" 
      + P "//" + P "**" + S "-~+/*%=<>&.@|" 
      , 
      'Operator'
    )

local OperatorWord = 
  K ( P "in" + P "is" + P "and" + P "or" + P "not" , 'Operator.Word')

local Keyword = 
  K ( P "as" + P "assert" + P "break" + P "case" + P "class" + P "continue" 
      + P "def" + P "del" + P "elif" + P "else" + P "except" + P "exec" 
      + P "finally" + P "for" + P "from" + P "global" + P "if" + P "import" 
      + P "lambda" + P "non local" + P "pass" + P "return" + P "try" 
      + P "while" + P "with" + P "yield" + P "yield from" ,
  'Keyword' )
  + K ( P "True" + P "False" + P "None" , 'Keyword.Constant' ) 

local Builtin = 
  K ( P "__import__" + P "abs" + P "all" + P "any" + P "bin" + P "bool" 
    + P "bytearray" + P "bytes" + P "chr" + P "classmethod" + P "compile" 
    + P "complex" + P "delattr" + P "dict" + P "dir" + P "divmod" 
    + P "enumerate" + P "eval" + P "filter" + P "float" + P "format" 
    + P "frozenset" + P "getattr" + P "globals" + P "hasattr" + P "hash" 
    + P "hex" + P "id" + P "input" + P "int" + P "isinstance" + P "issubclass"
    + P "iter" + P "len" + P "list" + P "locals" + P "map" + P "max" 
    + P "memoryview" + P "min" + P "next" + P "object" + P "oct" + P "open" 
    + P "ord" + P "pow" + P "print" + P "property" + P "range" + P "repr" 
    + P "reversed" + P "round" + P "set" + P "setattr" + P "slice" + P "sorted" 
    + P "staticmethod" + P "str" + P "sum" + P "super" + P "tuple" + P "type"
    + P "vars" + P "zip" ,
  'Name.Builtin' )

local Exception =
  K ( "ArithmeticError" + P "AssertionError" + P "AttributeError"
   + P "BaseException" + P "BufferError" + P "BytesWarning" + P "DeprecationWarning"
   + P "EOFError" + P "EnvironmentError" + P "Exception" + P "FloatingPointError"
   + P "FutureWarning" + P "GeneratorExit" + P "IOError" + P "ImportError"
   + P "ImportWarning" + P "IndentationError" + P "IndexError" + P "KeyError"
   + P "KeyboardInterrupt" + P "LookupError" + P "MemoryError" + P "NameError"
   + P "NotImplementedError" + P "OSError" + P "OverflowError"
   + P "PendingDeprecationWarning" + P "ReferenceError" + P "ResourceWarning"
   + P "RuntimeError" + P "RuntimeWarning" + P "StopIteration"
   + P "SyntaxError" + P "SyntaxWarning" + P "SystemError" + P "SystemExit"
   + P "TabError" + P "TypeError" + P "UnboundLocalError" + P "UnicodeDecodeError"
   + P "UnicodeEncodeError" + P "UnicodeError" + P "UnicodeTranslateError"
   + P "UnicodeWarning" + P "UserWarning" + P "ValueError" + P "VMSError"
   + P "Warning" + P "WindowsError" + P "ZeroDivisionError"
   + P "BlockingIOError" + P "ChildProcessError" + P "ConnectionError"
   + P "BrokenPipeError" + P "ConnectionAbortedError" + P "ConnectionRefusedError"
   + P "ConnectionResetError" + P "FileExistsError" + P "FileNotFoundError"
   + P "InterruptedError" + P "IsADirectoryError" + P "NotADirectoryError"
   + P "PermissionError" + P "ProcessLookupError" + P "TimeoutError"
   + P "StopAsyncIteration" + P "ModuleNotFoundError" + P "RecursionError" ,
  'Exception' )

local RaiseException = K ( P "raise" , 'Keyword' ) * SkipSpace * Exception * K ( P "(" ) 

local ExceptionInConsole = Exception *  K ( ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 ) * EOL  
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% In Python, a ``decorator'' is a statement whose begins by |@| which patches
% the function defined in the following statement.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Decorator = K ( P "@" * letter^1 , 'Name.Decorator' ) 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} |DefClass| will be used to detect the definition of a
% new class (the name of that new class will be formatted with the \pkg{piton}
% style |Name.Class|). 
%
% \smallskip
% Example:\enskip \piton{class myclass:}
%    \begin{macrocode}
local DefClass = 
  K ( P "class" , 'Keyword' ) * Space * K ( identifier , 'Name.Class' ) 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% If the word |class| is not followed by a identifier, it will be catched as
% keyword by the \textsc{lpeg} |Keyword| (useful if we want to type a
% list of keywords).
%
%
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} |ImportAs| is used for the lines beginning by |import|.
% % We have to detect the potential keyword |as| because both the name of the
% module and its alias must be formatted with the \pkg{piton} style |Name.Namespace|.
%
% \smallskip
% Example:\enskip \piton{import numpy as np}
%
% \smallskip
% Moreover, after the keyword |import|, it's possible to have a comma-separated
% list of modules (if the keyword |as| is not used).
%
% \smallskip
% Example:\enskip \piton{import math, numpy}
%    \begin{macrocode}
local ImportAs = 
  K ( P "import" , 'Keyword' )
   * Space 
   * K ( identifier * ( P "." * identifier ) ^ 0 , 
         'Name.Namespace' 
       )
   * ( 
       ( Space * K ( P "as" , 'Keyword' ) * Space 
          * K ( identifier , 'Name.Namespace' ) )
       + 
       ( SkipSpace * K ( P "," ) * SkipSpace 
          * K ( identifier , 'Name.Namespace' ) ) ^ 0 
     ) 
%    \end{macrocode}
% Be careful: there is no commutativity of |+| in the previous expression.
%
% \bigskip
% The \textsc{lpeg} |FromImport| is used for the lines beginning by |from|. We
% need a special treatment because the identifier following the keyword |from|
% must be formatted with the \pkg{piton} style |Name.Namespace| and the
% following keyword |import| must be formatted with the \pkg{piton} style
% |Keyword| and must \emph{not} be catched by the \textsc{lpeg} |ImportAs|.
%
% \smallskip
% Example:\enskip \piton{from math import pi}
%
% \smallskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
local FromImport =
  K ( P "from" , 'Keyword' ) 
    * Space * K ( identifier , 'Name.Namespace' )
    * Space * K ( P "import" , 'Keyword' ) 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% \paragraph{The strings of Python}
%
% For the strings in Python, there are four categories of delimiters (without
% counting the prefixes for f-strings and raw strings). We will use, in the
% names of our \textsc{lpeg}, prefixes to distinguish the \textsc{lpeg} dealing
% with that categories of strings, as presented in the following tabular.
% \begin{center}
% \begin{tabular}{ccc}
% \toprule
%         & |Single| & |Double| \\
% \midrule
% |Short| & |'text'|     & |"text"| \\
% |Long|  & |'''test'''| & |"""text"""| \\
% \bottomrule
% \end{tabular}
% \end{center}
%
% 
% \bigskip
% First, we define \textsc{lpeg} for the interpolations in the f-strings. Here
% is an example of a f-string with an interpolation and a format
% instruction\footnote{There is no special \pkg{piton} style for the formatting
% instruction (after the colon): the style which will be applied will be the
% style of the encompassing string, that is to say |String.Short| or
% |String.Long|.} in that interpolation:
%
% \piton{f'Total price: {total+1:.2f} €'}
%
% \medskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} |SingleShortInterpol| (and the three variants)
% will catch the whole interpolation, included the braces, that is to say, in
% the previous example:\enskip |{total+1:.2f}|
% 
% \medskip
%   \begin{macrocode}
local SingleShortInterpol =
    K ( P "{" , 'String.Interpol')
  * K ( ( 1 - S "}':" ) ^ 0 , 'Interpol.Inside' )
  * K ( P ":" * (1 - S "}:'") ^ 0 ) ^ -1
  * K ( P "}" , 'String.Interpol' )

local DoubleShortInterpol =
    K ( P "{" , 'String.Interpol' )
  * K ( ( 1 - S "}\":" ) ^ 0 , 'Interpol.Inside' )
  * ( K ( P ":" , 'String.Interpol' ) * K ( (1 - S "}:\"") ^ 0 ) ) ^ -1
  * K ( P "}" , 'String.Interpol' )

local SingleLongInterpol =
    K ( P "{" , 'String.Interpol' )
  * K ( ( 1 - S "}:\r" - P "'''" ) ^ 0 , 'Interpol.Inside' )
  * K ( P ":" * (1 - S "}:\r" - P "'''" ) ^ 0 ) ^ -1
  * K ( P "}" , 'String.Interpol' )

local DoubleLongInterpol =
    K ( P "{" , 'String.Interpol' )
  * K ( ( 1 - S "}:\r" - P "\"\"\"" ) ^ 0 , 'Interpol.Inside' )
  * K ( P ":" * (1 - S "}:\r" - P "\"\"\"" ) ^ 0 ) ^ -1
  * K ( P "}" , 'String.Interpol' )
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% 
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} catches a space (U+0032) and replace it by
% |\l_@@_space_tl|. It will be used in the short strings. Usually,
% |\l_@@_space_tl| will contain a space and therefore there won't be difference.
% However, when the key |show-spaces| is in force, |\\l_@@_space_tl| will
% contain ␣ (U+2423) in order to visualize the spaces.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local VisualSpace = P " " * Lc "\\l_@@_space_tl" 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% Now, we define \textsc{lpeg} for the parts of the strings which are \emph{not}
% in the interpolations.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
local SingleShortPureString = 
  ( K ( ( P "\\'" + P "{{" + P "}}" + 1 - S " {}'" ) ^ 1 ) + VisualSpace )  ^ 1 

local DoubleShortPureString = 
  ( K ( ( P "\\\"" + P "{{" + P "}}" + 1 - S " {}\"" ) ^ 1 ) + VisualSpace ) ^ 1

local SingleLongPureString = 
  K ( ( 1 - P "'''" - S "{}'\r" ) ^ 1 )

local DoubleLongPureString = 
  K ( ( 1 - P "\"\"\"" - S " {}\"\r" ) ^ 1 )
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% The interpolations beginning by |%| (even though there is more modern
% technics now in Python).
%    \begin{macrocode}
local PercentInterpol =  
  K ( P "%" 
      * ( P "(" * alphanum ^ 1 * P ")" ) ^ -1 
      * ( S "-#0 +" ) ^ 0 
      * ( digit ^ 1 + P "*" ) ^ -1 
      * ( P "." * ( digit ^ 1 + P "*" ) ) ^ -1 
      * ( S "HlL" ) ^ -1
      * S "sdfFeExXorgiGauc%" ,
      'String.Interpol' 
    ) 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% We can now define the \textsc{lpeg} for the four kinds of strings. It's not
% possible to use our function~|K| because of the interpolations which must be
% formatted with another \pkg{piton} style that the rest of the
% string.\footnote{The interpolations are formatted with the \pkg{piton} style
% |Interpol.Inside|. The initial value of that style is \texttt{\textbackslash
% @@\_piton:n} wich means that the interpolations are parsed once again by \pkg{piton}.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
local SingleShortString =
  Lc ( "{\\PitonStyle{String.Short}{" )
   * (
%    \end{macrocode}
% First, we deal with the f-strings of Python, which are prefixed by |f| or |F|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
         K ( P "f'" + P "F'" ) 
         * ( SingleShortInterpol + SingleShortPureString ) ^ 0 
         * K ( P "'" )
       + 
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now, we deal with the standard strings of Python, but also the ``raw strings''.
%    \begin{macrocode}
         K ( P "'" + P "r'" + P "R'" ) 
         * ( K ( ( P "\\'" + 1 - S " '\r%" ) ^ 1 ) 
             + VisualSpace 
             + PercentInterpol 
             + K ( P "%" ) 
           ) ^ 0 
         * K ( P "'" )
     )
   * Lc ( "}}" ) 

local DoubleShortString =
  Lc ( "{\\PitonStyle{String.Short}{" )
   * (
         K ( P "f\"" + P "F\"" ) 
         * ( DoubleShortInterpol + DoubleShortPureString ) ^ 0 
         * K ( P "\"" )
       +
         K ( P "\"" + P "r\"" + P "R\"" ) 
         * ( K ( ( P "\\\"" + 1 - S " \"\r%" ) ^ 1 ) 
             + VisualSpace 
             + PercentInterpol 
             + K ( P "%" ) 
           ) ^ 0 
         * K ( P "\"" )
     )
   * Lc ( "}}" ) 


local ShortString = SingleShortString + DoubleShortString
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% Of course, it's more complicated for ``longs strings'' because, by definition,
% in Python, those strings may be broken by an end on line (which is catched by
% the \textsc{lpeg} |EOL|).
%    \begin{macrocode}
local SingleLongString =
  Lc "{\\PitonStyle{String.Long}{" 
   * (
         K ( S "fF" * P "'''" )
         * ( SingleLongInterpol + SingleLongPureString ) ^ 0
         * Lc "}}" 
         * (
             EOL
             + 
             Lc "{\\PitonStyle{String.Long}{" 
             * ( SingleLongInterpol + SingleLongPureString ) ^ 0
             * Lc "}}"
             * EOL
           ) ^ 0 
         * Lc "{\\PitonStyle{String.Long}{" 
         * ( SingleLongInterpol + SingleLongPureString ) ^ 0
       +
         K ( ( S "rR" ) ^ -1  * P "'''" 
             * ( 1 - P "'''" - P "\r" ) ^ 0 ) 
         * Lc "}}" 
         * (
             Lc "{\\PitonStyle{String.Long}{" 
             * K ( ( 1 - P "'''" - P "\r" ) ^ 0 )  
             * Lc "}}" 
             * EOL
           ) ^ 0 
         * Lc "{\\PitonStyle{String.Long}{" 
         * K ( ( 1 - P "'''" - P "\r" ) ^ 0 )
      )
   * K ( P "'''" )
   * Lc "}}" 


local DoubleLongString =
  Lc "{\\PitonStyle{String.Long}{" 
   * (
         K ( S "fF" * P "\"\"\"" )
         * ( DoubleLongInterpol + DoubleLongPureString ) ^ 0
         * Lc "}}" 
         * (
             EOL
             + 
             Lc "{\\PitonStyle{String.Long}{" 
             * ( DoubleLongInterpol + DoubleLongPureString ) ^ 0
             * Lc "}}" 
             * EOL
           ) ^ 0 
         * Lc "{\\PitonStyle{String.Long}{" 
         * ( DoubleLongInterpol + DoubleLongPureString ) ^ 0
       +
         K ( ( S "rR" ) ^ -1  * P "\"\"\""
              * ( 1 - P "\"\"\"" - P "\r" ) ^ 0 ) 
         * Lc "}}" 
         * (
             Lc "{\\PitonStyle{String.Long}{" 
             * K ( ( 1 - P "\"\"\"" - P "\r" ) ^ 0 )
             * Lc "}}" 
             * EOL
           ) ^ 0 
         * Lc "{\\PitonStyle{String.Long}{" 
         * K ( ( 1 - P "\"\"\"" - P "\r" ) ^ 0 )
      )
   * K ( P "\"\"\"" )
   * Lc "}}" 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
local LongString = SingleLongString + DoubleLongString
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% We have a \textsc{lpeg} for the Python docstrings. That \textsc{lpeg} will
% be used in the \textsc{lpeg} |DefFunction| which deals with the whole preamble
% of a function definition (which begins with |def|).
%    \begin{macrocode}
local StringDoc = 
    K ( P "\"\"\"" , 'String.Doc' )
      * ( K ( (1 - P "\"\"\"" - P "\r" ) ^ 0 , 'String.Doc' ) * EOL * Tab ^0 ) ^ 0
      * K ( ( 1 - P "\"\"\"" - P "\r" ) ^ 0 * P "\"\"\"" , 'String.Doc' )
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% \paragraph{The comments in the Python listings}
%
% We define different \textsc{lpeg} dealing with comments in the Python
% listings.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local CommentMath = 
  P "$" * K ( ( 1 - S "$\r" ) ^ 1 , 'Comment.Math' ) * P "$"

local Comment = 
  Lc ( "{\\PitonStyle{Comment}{" ) 
  * K ( P "#" ) 
  * ( CommentMath + K ( ( 1 - S "$\r" ) ^ 1 ) ) ^ 0
  * Lc ( "}}" )
  * ( EOL + -1 )
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%
%
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} |CommentLaTeX| is for what is called in that
% document the ``LaTeX comments''. Since the elements that will be catched must
% be sent to LaTeX with standard LaTeX catcodes, we put the capture (done by
% the function~|C|) in a table (by using~|Ct|, which is an alias for |lpeg.Ct|).
%    \begin{macrocode}
local CommentLaTeX =
  P(piton.comment_latex) 
  * Lc "{\\PitonStyle{Comment.LaTeX}{\\ignorespaces" 
  * L ( ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 ) 
  * Lc "}}" 
  * ( EOL + -1 ) 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% \paragraph{DefFunction}
%
% The following \textsc{lpeg} |Expression| will be used for the parameters in
% the \emph{argspec} of a Python function. It's necessary to use a \emph{grammar}
% because that pattern mainly checks the correct nesting of the delimiters
% (and it's known in the theory of formal languages that this can't be done with
% regular expressions \emph{stricto sensu} only). 
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Expression =
  P { "E" ,
       E = ( 1 - S "{}()[]\r," ) ^ 0
           *  (
                (   P "{" * V "F" * P "}"
                  + P "(" * V "F" * P ")"
                  + P "[" * V "F" * P "]" ) * ( 1 - S "{}()[]\r," ) ^ 0
              ) ^ 0 ,
       F = ( 1 - S "{}()[]\r\"'" ) ^ 0
           * ( (
                   P "'" * (P "\\'" + 1 - S"'\r" )^0 * P "'"
                 + P "\"" * (P "\\\"" + 1 - S"\"\r" )^0 * P "\""
                 + P "{"  * V "F" * P "}"
                 + P "(" * V "F" * P ")"
                 + P "[" * V "F" * P "]"
               ) * ( 1 - S "{}()[]\r\"'" ) ^ 0 ) ^ 0 , 
    }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip 
% We will now define a \textsc{lpeg} |Params| that will catch the list of
% parameters (that is to say the \emph{argspec}) in the definition of a Python
% function. For example, in the line of code
% \begin{center}
% \piton{def MyFunction(a,b,x=10,n:int): return n}
% \end{center}
% the \textsc{lpeg} |Params| will be used to catch the chunk\enskip |a,b,x=10,n:int|.
% 
% Or course, a |Params| is simply a comma-separated list of |Param|, and that's
% why we define first the \textsc{lpeg} |Param|.
%
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Param = 
  SkipSpace * Identifier * SkipSpace
   * ( 
         K ( P "=" * Expression , 'InitialValues' )
       + K ( P ":" ) * SkipSpace * K ( letter^1 , 'Name.Type' ) 
     ) ^ -1
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Params = ( Param * ( K "," * Param ) ^ 0 ) ^ -1
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} |DefFunction| catches a keyword |def| and the
% following name of function \emph{but also everything else until a potential
% docstring}. That's why this definition of \textsc{lpeg} must occur (in the file
% |piton.sty|) after the definition of several other \textsc{lpeg} such as
% |Comment|, |CommentLaTeX|, |Params|, |StringDoc|...
%    \begin{macrocode}
local DefFunction =
  K ( P "def" , 'Keyword' )
  * Space
  * K ( identifier , 'Name.Function' ) 
  * SkipSpace 
  * K ( P "(" ) * Params * K ( P ")" ) 
  * SkipSpace
  * ( K ( P "->" ) * SkipSpace * K ( identifier , 'Name.Type' ) ) ^ -1
%    \end{macrocode}
% Here, we need a \pkg{piton} style |Post.Function| which will be linked to
% |\@@_piton:n| (that means that the capture will be parsed once again by
% \pkg{piton}). We could avoid that kind of trick by using a non-terminal of a
% grammar but we have probably here a better legibility.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  * K ( ( 1 - S ":\r" )^0 , 'Post.Function' ) 
  * K ( P ":" )
  * ( SkipSpace
      * ( EOL + CommentLaTeX + Comment ) -- in all cases, that contains an EOL
      * Tab ^ 0 
      * SkipSpace
      * StringDoc ^ 0 -- there may be additionnal docstrings 
    ) ^ -1
%    \end{macrocode}
% Remark that, in the previous code, |CommentLaTeX| \emph{must} appear
% before |Comment|: there is no commutativity of the addition for the
% \emph{parsing expression grammars} (\textsc{peg}).
% 
% \smallskip 
% If the word |def| is not followed by an identifier and parenthesis, it will be
% catched as keyword by the \textsc{lpeg} |Keyword| (useful if, for example, the
% final user wants to speak of the keyword \piton{def}).
%
% \bigskip
% \paragraph{The dictionaries of Python}
%
% We have \textsc{lpeg} dealing with dictionaries of Python because, in
% typesettings of explicit Python dictionnaries, one may prefer to have all the
% values formatted in black (in order to see more clearly the keys which are
% usually Python strings). That's why we have a \pkg{piton} style |Dict.Value|.
%
% The initial value of that \pkg{piton} style is |\@@_piton:n|, which means that
% the value of the entry of the dictionary is parsed once again by \pkg{piton}
% (and nothing special is done for the dictionary). In the following example, we
% have set the \pkg{piton} style |Dict.Value| to |\color{black}|:
%
% \medskip
% \begingroup
% \SetPitonStyle{Dict.Value = \color{black}}
% \piton{mydict = { 'name' : 'Paul', 'sex' : 'male', 'age' : 31 } }
% \endgroup
%
% \medskip
% At this time, this mechanism works only for explicit dictionaries on a single line!
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
local ItemDict = 
  ShortString * SkipSpace * K ( P ":" ) * K ( Expression , 'Dict.Value' ) 

local ItemOfSet = SkipSpace * ( ItemDict + ShortString ) * SkipSpace 

local Set = 
  K ( P "{" ) 
  * ItemOfSet * ( K ( P "," ) * ItemOfSet )  ^ 0 
  * K ( P "}" )
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% \paragraph{Commands of Beamer}
%
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
local Beamer = P ( "blablabla" ) 

if piton_beamer then
  Beamer =
      L ( 
          ( P "\\uncover" + P "\\only" + P "\\alert" + P "\\visible" 
            + P "\\invisible" + P "\\action" 
          ) 
          * P "<" 
          * (1 - P ">") ^ 0 
          * P ">{" 
        )
      * K ( Expression , 'Beamer' ) 
      * L ( P "}" )
    +  
      L ( 
          ( P "\\alt" )
          * P "<" 
          * (1 - P ">") ^ 0 
          * P ">{" 
        )
      * K ( Expression , 'Beamer' ) 
      * L ( P "}{" )
      * K ( Expression , 'Beamer' ) 
      * L ( P "}" )
end
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% \paragraph{The main LPEG}
%
% |SyntaxPython| is the main \textsc{lpeg} of the package \pkg{piton}. We have
% written an auxiliary \textsc{lpeg} |SyntaxPythonAux| only for legibility.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local SyntaxPythonAux =
%    \end{macrocode}
% We recall that each line in the Python code to parse will be sent back to
% LaTeX between a pair |\@@_begin_line:| -- |\@@_end_line:|\footnote{Remember
% that the \texttt{\textbackslash @@\_end\_line:} must be explicit because it
% will be used as marker in order to delimit the argument of the command
% \texttt{\textbackslash @@\_begin\_line:}}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
      Lc ( '\\@@_begin_line:' ) *
      ( ( space - P "\r" ) ^0 * P "\r" ) ^ -1 * 
      SpaceIndentation ^ 0 *
      (  ( space^1 * -1 ) 
         + EOL
         + Tab
         + Space
         + Escape 
         + CommentLaTeX
         + Beamer 
         + LongString 
         + Comment
         + ExceptionInConsole
         + Set 
         + Delim
%    \end{macrocode}
% |Operator| must be before |Punct|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
         + Operator
         + ShortString
         + Punct
         + FromImport
         + ImportAs
         + RaiseException 
         + DefFunction
         + DefClass 
         + Keyword * ( Space + Punct + Delim + EOL + -1) 
         + Decorator
         + OperatorWord * ( Space + Punct + Delim + EOL + -1) 
         + Builtin * ( Space + Punct + Delim + EOL + -1) 
         + Identifier 
         + Number
         + Word
      ) ^0 * -1 * Lc ( '\\@@_end_line:' )
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% We have written an auxiliary \textsc{lpeg} |SyntaxPythonAux| for legibility only.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local SyntaxPython = Ct ( SyntaxPythonAux ) 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{The function Parse}
%
% The function |Parse| is the main function of the package \pkg{piton}.
% It parses its argument and sends back to LaTeX the code with interlaced
% formatting LaTeX instructions. In fact, everything is done by the
% \textsc{lpeg} |SyntaxPython| which returns as capture a Lua table containing
% data to send to LaTeX.
% 
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
function piton.Parse(code)
  local t = SyntaxPython : match ( code ) -- match is a method of the LPEG
  for _ , s in ipairs(t) do tex.tprint(s) end 
end
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% 
% \bigskip
% The following command will be used by the user commands |\piton|.
% For that command, we have to undo the duplication of the symbols |#|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
function piton.pitonParse(code)
  local s = ( Cs ( ( P '##' / '#' + 1 ) ^ 0 ) ) : match ( code )
  return piton.Parse(s) 
end
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% The function |ParseFile| will be used by the LaTeX command |\PitonInputFile|.
% That function merely reads the whole file (that is to say all its lines) and
% then apply the function~|Parse| to the resulting Lua string.
%    \begin{macrocode}
function piton.ParseFile(name,first_line,last_line)
  s = ''
  local i = 0 
  for line in io.lines(name) 
  do i = i + 1 
     if i >= first_line
     then s = s .. '\r' .. line 
     end
     if i >= last_line then break end 
  end
  piton.Parse(s) 
end
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{The preprocessors of the function Parse}
%
% We deal now with preprocessors of the function |Parse| which are needed when
% the ``gobble mechanism'' is used.
% 
%
% \bigskip
% The function |gobble| gobbles $n$ characters on the left of the code. It uses
% a \textsc{lpeg} that we have to compute dynamically because if depends on the
% value of~$n$.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local function gobble(n,code)
  function concat(acc,new_value)
    return acc .. new_value
  end 
  if n==0 
  then return code
  else 
       return Cf ( 
                   Cc ( "" ) * 
                   ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ (-n)  * C ( ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 ) 
                     * ( C ( P "\r" )
                     * ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ (-n)
                     * C ( ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 )
                    ) ^ 0 ,
                    concat 
                 ) : match ( code ) 
  end
end
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% 
% 
% \bigskip
% The following function |add| will be used in the following \textsc{lpeg}
% |AutoGobbleLPEG|, |TabsAutoGobbleLPEG| and |EnvGobbleLPEG|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local function add(acc,new_value)
  return acc + new_value
end 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} returns as capture the minimal number of spaces at
% the beginning of the lines of code. The main work is done by two \emph{fold
% captures} (|lpeg.Cf|), one using |add| and the other (encompassing the
% previous one) using |math.min| as folding operator.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local AutoGobbleLPEG = 
    ( space ^ 0 * P "\r" ) ^ -1 
    * Cf (
           (
%    \end{macrocode}
% We don't take into account the empty lines (with only spaces).
%    \begin{macrocode}
             ( P " " ) ^ 0 * P "\r"
             + 
             Cf ( Cc(0) * ( P " " * Cc(1) ) ^ 0 , add )
             * ( 1 - P " " ) * ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 * P "\r"
           ) ^ 0
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now for the last line of the Python code...
%    \begin{macrocode}
           *
           ( Cf ( Cc(0) * ( P " " * Cc(1) ) ^ 0 , add )
           * ( 1 - P " " ) * ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 ) ^ -1 ,
           math.min
         )
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} is similar but works with the indentations.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local TabsAutoGobbleLPEG = 
    ( space ^ 0 * P "\r" ) ^ -1 
    * Cf (
           (
             ( P "\t" ) ^ 0 * P "\r"
             + 
             Cf ( Cc(0) * ( P "\t" * Cc(1) ) ^ 0 , add )
             * ( 1 - P "\t" ) * ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 * P "\r"
           ) ^ 0
           *
           ( Cf ( Cc(0) * ( P "\t" * Cc(1) ) ^ 0 , add )
           * ( 1 - P "\t" ) * ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 ) ^ -1 ,
           math.min
         )
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%
%
% \bigskip
% The following \textsc{lpeg} returns as capture the number of spaces at the
% last line, that is to say before the |\end{Piton}| (and usually it's also the
% number of spaces before the corresponding |\begin{Piton}| because that's the
% traditionnal way to indent in LaTeX). The main work is done by a \emph{fold
% capture} (|lpeg.Cf|) using the function |add| as folding operator.
%    \begin{macrocode}
local EnvGobbleLPEG =
  ( ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 * P "\r" ) ^ 0 
    * Cf ( Cc(0) * ( P " " * Cc(1) ) ^ 0 , add ) * -1
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
function piton.GobbleParse(n,code)
  if n==-1 
  then n = AutoGobbleLPEG : match(code)
  else if n==-2 
       then n = EnvGobbleLPEG : match(code)
       else if n==-3
            then n = TabsAutoGobbleLPEG : match(code)
            end
       end
  end
  piton.Parse(gobble(n,code))
end 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
% \subsubsection{To count the number of lines}
%
% \medskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
function piton.CountLines(code)
  local count = 0 
  for i in code : gmatch ( "\r" ) do count = count + 1 end 
  tex.sprint( 
      luatexbase.catcodetables.expl , 
      '\\int_set:Nn \\l_@@_nb_lines_int {' .. count .. '}' )
end 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
function piton.CountNonEmptyLines(code)
  local count = 0 
  count = 
  ( Cf (  Cc(0) * 
          ( 
            ( P " " ) ^ 0 * P "\r"  
            + ( 1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 * P "\r" * Cc(1) 
          ) ^ 0 
          * (1 - P "\r" ) ^ 0 ,
         add
       ) * -1 ) : match (code) 
  tex.sprint( 
      luatexbase.catcodetables.expl , 
      '\\int_set:Nn \\l_@@_nb_non_empty_lines_int {' .. count .. '}' )
end 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
function piton.CountLinesFile(name)
  local count = 0 
  for line in io.lines(name) do count = count + 1 end
  tex.sprint( 
      luatexbase.catcodetables.expl , 
      '\\int_set:Nn \\l_@@_nb_lines_int {' .. count .. '}' )
end 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
function piton.CountNonEmptyLinesFile(name)
  local count = 0 
  for line in io.lines(name) 
  do if not ( ( ( P " " ) ^ 0 * -1 ) : match ( line ) ) 
     then count = count + 1 
     end
  end
  tex.sprint( 
      luatexbase.catcodetables.expl , 
      '\\int_set:Nn \\l_@@_nb_non_empty_lines_int {' .. count .. '}' )
end 
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% 
% \bigskip
%    \begin{macrocode}
\end{luacode*}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \vspace{1cm}
% \section{History}
% \subsection*{Changes between versions 0.99 and 1.0}
%
% The extension \pkg{piton} detects the class \cls{beamer} and activates the
% commands |\action|, |\alert|, |\invisible|, |\only|, |\uncover| and |\visible|
% in the environments |{Piton}| when the class \cls{beamer} is used.
%
% \subsection*{Changes between versions 0.99 and 1.0}
%
% New key |tabs-auto-gobble|.
% 
% \subsection*{Changes between versions 0.95 and 0.99}
%
% New key |break-lines| to allow breaks of the lines of code (and other keys to
% customize the appearance).
%
% \subsection*{Changes between versions 0.9 and 0.95}
%
% New key |show-spaces|.
%
% The key |left-margin| now accepts the special value |auto|.
%
% New key |latex-comment| at load-time and replacement of |##| by |#>|
%
% New key |math-comments| at load-time.
%
% New keys |first-line| and |last-line| for the command |\InputPitonFile|.
%
% \subsection*{Changes between versions 0.8 and 0.9}
%
% New key |tab-size|.
%
% Integer value for the key |splittable|.
%
% \subsection*{Changes between versions 0.7 and 0.8}
% 
% New keys |footnote| and |footnotehyper| at load-time.
%
% New key |left-margin|.
% 
% \subsection*{Changes between versions 0.6 and 0.7}
% 
% New keys |resume|, |splittable| and |background-color| in |\PitonOptions|.
%
% The file |piton.lua| has been embedded in the file |piton.sty|. That means
% that the extension \pkg{piton} is now entirely contained in the file |piton.sty|.
% 
%
%
%
%
% \end{document}
% 
%
% Local Variables:
% TeX-fold-mode: t
% TeX-fold-preserve-comments: nil
% flyspell-mode: nil
% fill-column: 80
% End:






