This file constitutes the full distribution for SIAM Proceedings Series LaTeX version macros. The files included here are: ltexproc.tex (An example file, also containing documentation) ltexproc.sty (The style file) siamproc.bst (for BiBTeX users) To use these macros, separate the files at the indicated cut lines. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%CUT HERE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % This is ltexproc.tex, an example file for use with the SIAM LaTeX % Proceedings Series macros. % Please take the time to read the following comments, as they describe % how to use these macros. This file can be composed and printed out for % use as sample output. % Any comments or questions regarding these macros should be directed to: % % Corey Gray % SIAM % 3600 University City Science Center % Philadelphia, PA 19104-2688 % USA % Telephone: (215) 382-9800 % Fax: (215) 386-7999 % e-mail: gray@siam.org % This file is to be used as an example for style only. It should not be read % for content. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING STYLE RESTRICTIONS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% 1. There are no new tags. Existing LaTeX tags have been formatted to %% match the Proceedings series style. %% %% 2. You must use \cite in the text to mark your reference citations and %% \bibitem in the listing of references at the end of your chapter. See %% the examples in the following file. The file siamproc.bst has been %% included for use with BiBTeX. Please be sure to include the appropriate %% .bib file with BiBTeX submissions. You may also submit the .bbl file %% instead of the .bib file. %% %% 3. Unless otherwise stated by your editor, do your chapter as if it %% is Chapter 1. The appropriate chapter number will be included during %% the production of the proceedings. %% %% 4. This macro is set up for three levels of headings (\section, %% \subsection, and \subsubsection). The macro will automatically number %% the headings for you. %% %% 5. The running heads are indicated by the \markboth command. Please %% define the running heads by placing the authors last names in the %% first field and the title of the paper in the second field. %% They should be typed initial cap and lower case. Please see the example. %% Neither field can contain more than 50 characters including spaces, %% so please use a shortened version of the title if necessary. For %% papers with multiple authors please follow these rules; for %% two authors type {Author 1 and Author 2}; for more that two authors type %% {Author 1 et al.}. %% %% 6. Theorems, Lemmas, Definitions, etc. are to be double-numbered, %% indicating the section and the occurrence of that element %% within that section. (For example, the first theorem in the second %% section would be numbered 2.1. The macro will %% automatically do the numbering for you. %% %% 7. Proofs are handled with the commands \begin{proof}\end{proof}. %% If you wish to use an end of proof box, use \qed preceding \end{proof}. %% The example uses one. It is not required. %% %% 8. Figures, equations, and tables must be single-numbered. All equation %% numbers are to be on the left. Figure captions should be placed under %% the figures they pertain to. Table captions should be placed above %% the tables. Use existing LaTeX tags for these elements. Numbering of %% these elements will be done automatically. SIAM supports the use of %% psfig for including Postscript figures. All Postscript figures should be %% sent as separate files. A hardcopy version of all Postscript figures %% is also required. See note regarding this under How to Submit Your Paper. %% %% 9. Grant information and author affiliations. %% This information is included in the file with the two commands, %% \thanks and \footnotemark []. (See example). The \thanks command %% produces a footnote for the title or author, and places the %% appropriate footnote symbol with the title or author and at the %% bottom of the page. The \footnotemark [] command allows the use of %% duplicate footnote symbols. This macro follows the normal LaTeX order %% of footnote symbols. Below is a list of these symbols, and their %% corresponding footnotemark: %% %% asterisk \footnotemark[1] %% single-dagger \footnotemark[2] %% double-dagger \footnotemark[3] %% section sign \footnotemark[4] %% paragraph \footnotemark[5] %% parallel \footnotemark[6] %% double asterisk \footnotemark[7] %% double single-dagger \footnotemark[8] %% double double-dagger \footnotemark[9] %% %% The following general rules for grants and affiliations apply: %% a) If there is a single grant for the paper, then the grant %% information should be footnoted to the title. %% b) If there is more than one grant, include the grant information %% with each author's affiliation. %% c) If there are different grants for the paper but the authors share %% the same affiliation, footnote the grant information to the title. %% For example, The work of the first author was supported by xyz. %% The work of the second author was supported by abc. And so on. %% d) For authors sharing the same affiliation, use \thanks for the %% first author with that affiliation and the appropriate %% \footnotemark[] (from the list above) for all subsequent authors %% with that affiliation. %% %% 10. Special fonts. %% SIAM supports the use of AMS-TeX fonts version 2.0 and later. As %% described in the manual for these fonts, they can be included by %% \input{amssym.def} and \input{amssym.tex}. These macros are not yet %% updated to make use of the New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS) of %% Mittelbach and Schopf. To make these macros compatible with NFSS, use %% the oldlfont style option. %% %% 11. How to Submit Your Paper. %% The electronic version of your paper should be sent to proceed@siam.org. %% A hardcopy version should also be submitted. Instructions are included %% in your acceptance letter. Please be sure to send hardcopy %% versions of any Postscript figures you have submitted electronically. %% Be sure to return your signed Copyright Transfer Agreement. We cannot %% publish your paper without it. %% %% %% %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%- %%% \documentstyle[leqno,twoside,11pt,ltexproc]{article} %You must set up your %\documentstyle line like this. \begin{document} \cleardoublepage \pagestyle{myheadings} \title{Chapter 1\\ SIAM Proceedings Series Macros\\ for Use With LaTeX\thanks{Any information regarding grants should be placed here.}} \author{J. Corey Gray\thanks{Production Manager, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA.} \and Tricia Manning\thanks{Publications Specialist, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA.} \and Vickie Kearn\thanks{Publisher, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA.}\\ \and Nancy Abbott\thanks{Design Supervisor, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA} \and Sue Ciambrano\thanks{Acquisitions Editor, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA} \and Paul Duggan\thanks{Composition Specialist, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA} \and Robbi Anne Albert\thanks{Production Assistant, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA} \and Jean Anderson\thanks{Composition Coordinator, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA} } \date{} \maketitle \markboth{Gray et al.}{SIAM Proceedings Series Macros} % See section 5 above % for explanation. \pagenumbering{arabic} \begin{abstract}An equivalence is shown between realizability of input/output (i/o) operators by rational control systems and high-order algebraic differential equations for i/o pairs. This generalizes, to nonlinear systems, the equivalence between autoregressive representations and finite dimensional linear realizability. \end{abstract} \section{Problem Specification}In this paper, we consider the solution of the $N \times N$ linear system \begin{equation} \label{e1.1} \cos \sin A x = b \end{equation} where $A$ is large, sparse, symmetric, and positive definite. We consider the direct solution of (\ref{e1.1}) by means of general sparse Gaussian elimination. In such a procedure, we find a permutation matrix $P$, and compute the decomposition \[ P A P^{t} = L D L^{t} \] where $L$ is unit lower triangular and $D$ is diagonal. \section{Design Considerations}Several good ordering algorithms (nested dissection and minimum degree) are available for computing $P$ \cite{GEORGELIU}, \cite{ROSE72}. Since our interest here does not focus directly on the ordering, we assume for convenience that $P=I$, or that $A$ has been preordered to reflect an appropriate choice of $P$. Our purpose here is to examine the nonnumerical complexity of the sparse elimination algorithm given in \cite{BANKSMITH}. As was shown there, a general sparse elimination scheme based on the bordering algorithm requires less storage for pointers and row/column indices than more traditional implementations of general sparse elimination. This is accomplished by exploiting the m-tree, a particular spanning tree for the graph of the filled-in matrix. \begin{theorem} The method was extended to three dimensions. For the standard multigrid coarsening (in which, for a given grid, the next coarser grid has $1/8$ as many points), anisotropic problems require plane relaxation to obtain a good smoothing factor.\end{theorem} Several good ordering algorithms (nested dissection and minimum degree) are available for computing $P$ \cite{GEORGELIU}, \cite{ROSE72}. Since our interest here does not focus directly on the ordering, we assume for convenience that $P=I$, or that $A$ has been preordered to reflect an appropriate choice of $P$. \begin{proof} In this paper we consider two methods. The first method is basically the method considered with two differences: first, we perform plane relaxation by a two-dimensional multigrid method, and second, we use a slightly different choice of interpolation operator, which improves performance for nearly singular problems. In the second method coarsening is done by successively coarsening in each of the three independent variables and then ignoring the intermediate grids; this artifice simplifies coding considerably.\qed \end{proof} Our purpose here is to examine the nonnumerical complexity of the sparse elimination algorithm given in \cite{BANKSMITH}. As was shown there, a general sparse elimination scheme based on the bordering algorithm requires less storage for pointers and row/column indices than more traditional implementations of general sparse elimination. This is accomplished by exploiting the m-tree, a particular spanning tree for the graph of the filled-in matrix. \begin{Definition}{\rm We describe the two methods in \S 1.2. In \S\ 1.3. we discuss some remaining details.} \end{Definition} \begin{figure} \vspace*{24pc} \caption{This is figure 1.} \end{figure} Our purpose here is to examine the nonnumerical complexity of the sparse elimination algorithm given in \cite{BANKSMITH}. As was shown there, a general sparse elimination scheme based on the bordering algorithm requires less storage for pointers and row/column indices than more traditional implementations of general sparse elimination. \begin{lemma} We discuss first the choice for $I_{k-1}^k$ which is a generalization. We assume that $G^{k-1}$ is obtained from $G^k$ by standard coarsening; that is, if $G^k$ is a tensor product grid $G_{x}^k \times G_{y}^k \times G_{z}^k$, $G^{k-1}=G_{x}^{k-1} \times G_{y}^{k-1} \times G_{z}^{k-1}$, where $G_{x}^{k-1}$ is obtained by deleting every other grid point of $G_x^k$ and similarly for $G_{y}^k$ and $G_{z}^k$. \end{lemma} This is accomplished by exploiting the m-tree, a particular spanning tree for the graph of the filled-in matrix. To our knowledge, the m-tree previously has not been applied in this fashion to the numerical factorization, but it has been used, directly or indirectly, in several optimal order algorithms for computing the fill-in during the symbolic factorization phase \cite{EISENSTAT} - \cite{LIU2}, \cite{ROSE76}, \cite{SCHREIBER}. \subsection{Robustness} We do not attempt to present an overview here, but rather attempt to focus on those results that are relevant to our particular algorithm. This section assumes prior knowledge of the role of graph theory in sparse Gaussian elimination; surveys of this role are available in \cite{ROSE72} and \cite{GEORGELIU}. More general discussions of elimination trees are given in \cite{LAW} - \cite{LIU2}, \cite{SCHREIBER}. Thus, at the $k$th stage, the bordering algorithm consists of solving the lower triangular system \begin{equation} \label{1.2} L_{k-1}v = c \end{equation} and setting \begin{eqnarray} \ell &=& D^{-1}_{k-1}v , \\ \delta &=& \alpha - \ell^{t} v . \end{eqnarray} \subsubsection{Versatility.} We do not attempt to present an overview here, but rather attempt to focus on those results that are relevant to our particular algorithm. \section{Conclusions} The special structure of this problem allows us to make exact estimates of the complexity. For the old approach, we show that the complexity of the intersection problem is $O(n^{3})$, the same as the complexity of the numerical computations \cite{GEORGELIU}, \cite{ROSEWHITTEN}. For the new approach, the complexity of the second part is reduced to $O(n^{2} (\log n)^{2})$. \begin{thebibliography}{99} \bibitem{BANKSMITH} R.~E. Bank and R.~K. Smith, {\em General sparse elimination requires no permanent integer storage}, SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput., 8 (1987), pp.~574--584. \bibitem{EISENSTAT} S.~C. Eisenstat, M.~C. Gursky, M.~Schultz, and A.~Sherman, {\em Algorithms and data structures for sparse symmetric gaussian elimination}, SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput., 2 (1982), pp.~225--237. \bibitem{GEORGELIU} A.~George and J.~Liu, {\em Computer Solution of Large Sparse Positive Definite Systems}, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1981. \bibitem{LAW} K.~H. Law and S.~J. Fenves, {\em A node addition model for symbolic factorization}, ACM TOMS, 12 (1986), pp.~37--50. \bibitem{LIU} J.~W.~H. Liu, {\em A compact row storage scheme for cholesky factors using elimination trees}, ACM TOMS, 12 (1986), pp.~127--148. \bibitem{LIU2} \sameauthor , {\em The role of elimination trees in sparse factorization}, Tech. Report CS-87-12,Department of Computer Science, York University, Ontario, Canada, 1987. \bibitem{ROSE72} D.~J. Rose, {\em A graph theoretic study of the numeric solution of sparse positive definite systems}, in Graph Theory and Computing, Academic Press, New York, 1972. \bibitem{ROSE76} D.~J. Rose, R.~E. Tarjan, and G.~S. Lueker, {\em Algorithmic aspects of vertex elimination on graphs}, SIAM J. Comput., 5 (1976), pp.~226--283. \bibitem{ROSEWHITTEN} D.~J. Rose and G.~F. Whitten, {\em A recursive analysis of disection strategies}, in Sparse Matrix Computations, Academic Press, New York, 1976. \bibitem{SCHREIBER} R.~Schreiber, {\em A new implementation of sparse gaussian elimination}, ACM TOMS, 8 (1982), pp.~256--276. \end{thebibliography} \end{document} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%CUT HERE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % This is ltexproc.sty. % This file may be freely distributed but may not be altered in any way. % Any comments or questions regarding these macros should be directed to: % Corey Gray % SIAM % 3600 University City Science Center % Philadelphia, PA 19104-2688 % USA % Telephone: (215) 382-9800 % Fax: (215) 386-7999 % e-mail: gray@siam.org % This is a file of macros and definitions for creating a chapter for % publication in the SIAM Proceedings series using LaTeX. % Report the version. \message{*** SIAM LaTeX Proceedings Series macro package, version 1.0, November 6, 1992 ***} \pretolerance=800 \tolerance=10000 \sloppy \vsize=56pc \hsize=36pc \baselineskip=13pt \hoffset -.5in \voffset -.5in \footskip=18pt \topmargin 24pt \headheight 12pt \headsep 15pt \textheight 53.5pc \advance\textheight by \topskip \textwidth 36pc \parskip 0pt \parindent 18pt \def\topfraction{.9} \def\textfraction{.1} \def\topnumber{2} %% footnotes to be set 8/10 \def\footnotesize{\@setsize\footnotesize{11pt}\ixpt\@ixpt % \indent \abovedisplayskip \z@ \belowdisplayskip\z@ \abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip \belowdisplayshortskip\belowdisplayshortskip \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt \parsep 2pt plus 1pt minus 1pt \itemsep \parsep}} \let\referencesize\footnotesize \footnotesep 0pt \skip\footins 12pt plus 12pt \def\footnoterule{\kern3\p@ \hrule width 3em\vspace{3pt}} % the \hrule is .4pt high \def\ps@plain{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \def\@oddfoot{{\hfil\small\thepage\hfil}}% \def\@oddhead{} \def\@evenhead{}\def\@evenfoot{}} \def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth \def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{}% \def\@evenhead{{\rm\thepage}\hspace*{2pc}{\sc\leftmark}\hfil}% \def\@oddhead{\hfil{\noindent\sc\rightmark}\hspace*{2pc}{\rm\thepage}}% \def\ps@myheadings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{}% \def\@oddhead{\hfil{\sc\rightmark}\hspace*{2pc}{\normalsize\rm\thepage}}% \def\@evenhead{{\normalsize\rm\thepage}\hspace*{2pc}{\sc\leftmark}\hfil}% % \def\chaptermark##1{}% % \def\sectionmark##1{}\def\subsectionmark##1{}} }} \def\theequation{\arabic{equation}} \def\abstract{\if@twocolumn \section*{Abstract} \else \small \begin{center} {\bf Abstract\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{3pt}} \end{center} \quotation \fi} \def\endabstract{\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % THEOREMS, PROOFS, ALGORITHMS % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%% defined proof environment by theorem model (took out counter) \def\qed{{\qquad \vbox{\hrule\hbox{% \vrule height1.3ex\hskip0.8ex\vrule}\hrule }}\par} \def\newproof#1{\@nprf{#1}} \def\@nprf#1#2{\@xnprf{#1}{#2}} \def\@xnprf#1#2{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}} \def\@prf#1#2{\@xprf{#1}{#2}} \def\@xprf#1#2{\@beginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces} %%% defined algorithm environment by theorem model \def\newalgorithm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@oalg{#1}}{\@nalg{#1}}} \def\@nalg#1#2{% \@ifnextchar[{\@xnalg{#1}{#2}}{\@ynalg{#1}{#2}}} \def\@xnalg#1#2[#3]{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname {\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}% \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand \csname the#3\endcsname \@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}% \global\@namedef{#1}{\@alg{#1}{#2}}\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endalgorithm}}} \def\@ynalg#1#2{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname {\@definecounter{#1}% \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}% \global\@namedef{#1}{\@alg{#1}{#2}}\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endalgorithm}}} \def\@oalg#1[#2]#3{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}% \global\@namedef{#1}{\@alg{#2}{#3}}% \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endalgorithm}}} \def\@alg#1#2{\refstepcounter {#1}\@ifnextchar[{\@yalg{#1}{#2}}{\@xalg{#1}{#2}}} \def\@xalg#1#2{\@beginalgorithm{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces} \def\@yalg#1#2[#3]{\@opargbeginalgorithm{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces} \def\@beginproof#1{\rm {\it #1.\ }} \def\@endproof{\outerparskip 0pt\endtrivlist} \def\@begintheorem#1#2{\it {\sc #1\ #2.\ }} \def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\it {\sc #1\ #2\ (#3).\ }} \def\@endtheorem{\outerparskip 0pt\endtrivlist} %\def\@begindefinition#1#2{\rm \trivlist \item[\hskip \labelsep{\sc #1\ #2.}]} %\def\@opargbegindefinition#1#2#3{\rm \trivlist % \item[\hskip \labelsep{\sc #1\ #2.\ (#3)}]} %\def\@enddefinition{\outerparskip 0pt\endtrivlist} \def\@beginalgorithm#1#2{\rm \trivlist \item[\hskip \labelsep{\sc #1\ #2.}]} \def\@opargbeginalgorithm#1#2#3{\rm \trivlist \item[\hskip \labelsep{\sc #1\ #2.\ (#3)}]} \def\@endalgorithm{\outerparskip 6pt\endtrivlist} \newskip\outerparskip \def\trivlist{\parsep\outerparskip \@trivlist \labelwidth\z@ \leftmargin\z@ \itemindent\parindent \def\makelabel##1{##1}} \def\@trivlist{\topsep=0pt\@topsepadd\topsep \if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi \ifvmode \advance\@topsepadd\partopsep \else \unskip\par\fi \if@inlabel \@noparitemtrue \@noparlisttrue \else \@noparlistfalse \@topsep\@topsepadd \fi \advance\@topsep \parskip \leftskip\z@\rightskip\@rightskip \parfillskip\@flushglue \@setpar{\if@newlist\else{\@@par}\fi}% \global\@newlisttrue \@outerparskip\parskip} \def\endtrivlist{\if@newlist\@noitemerr\fi \if@inlabel\indent\fi \ifhmode\unskip \par\fi \if@noparlist \else \ifdim\lastskip >\z@ \@tempskipa\lastskip \vskip -\lastskip \advance\@tempskipa\parskip \advance\@tempskipa -\@outerparskip \vskip\@tempskipa \fi\@endparenv\fi \vskip\outerparskip} \newproof{@proof}{Proof} \newenvironment{proof}{\begin{@proof}}{\end{@proof}} \newtheorem{@theorem}{Theorem}[section] \newenvironment{theorem}{\begin{@theorem}}{\end{@theorem}} % \newalgorithm{@algorithm}{Algorithm}[section] % \newenvironment{algorithm}{\begin{@algorithm}}{\end{@algorithm}} \newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}[section] \newtheorem{fact}{Fact}[section] \newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}[section] \newtheorem{axiom}{Axiom}[section] \newtheorem{cond}{Condition}[section] \newtheorem{property}{Property}[section] \newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}[section] \newtheorem{Conjecture}{Conjecture}[section] \newtheorem{Definition}{Definition}[section] \newtheorem{Lemma}{Lemma}[section] \newtheorem{Remark}{Remark}[section] \newproof{Example}{Example} \newproof{Method}{Method} \newproof{Exercise}{Exercise} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % TABLE AND FIGURE CAPTIONS % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \def\@figtxt{figure} \long\def\@makecaption#1#2{\small \setlength{\parindent}{18pt} \baselineskip 14pt \ifx\@captype\@figtxt \vskip 10pt \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\sc #1} {\it #2}} \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize {\sc #1} {\it #2}\par \else \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}% \fi\else\hbox to\hsize{\hfil{\sc #1}\hfil}% \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\it #2}}% \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize {\it #2}\par \else \hbox to \hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}\fi \vskip 10pt \fi} %\newif\iftable \global\tablefalse %\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{% %\setlength{\parindent}{18pt} % \vskip 12pt % \iftable % \hbox to \hsize{\hfil\sc #1\hfil} % \hbox to \hsize{\hfil\it #2\hfil} % \global\tablefalse % \else % \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\small#1} {\small\it#2}} % \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize % \indent{\small#1}{\small\it#2}\par % \else % \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}\fi % \fi} % \vskip 6pt} %\def\figure{\global\tablefalse\@float{figure}} \def\fnum@figure{\par\sc Fig. \thefigure.\ } %\def\fnum@figure{\par\sc Fig. \thefigure\ } %\def\table{\global\tabletrue\@float{table}} \def\fnum@table{\small \sc Table \thetable} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % SECTIONS % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}%{2.3ex plus .2ex} {2pt}{\large\bf}} \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}%{1.5ex plus .2ex} {2pt}{\large\bf}} \def\subsubsection{\@startsection {subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{1.3ex plus .5ex minus .2ex}{-.5em plus -.1em}{\normalsize\bf}} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% %% %% BIBLIOGRAPHY %% %% %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \def\thebibliography#1{% %\cleardoublepage \parindent 0em \vspace{9pt} \begin{flushleft}\large\bf {References}\end{flushleft} \addvspace{3pt}\nopagebreak\list %% default is no labels, for those not using \cite or BibTeX {[\arabic{enumi}]} {\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]} %%{[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{mm} \leftmargin\labelwidth \leftmargin=17pt \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \usecounter{enumi}\@bibsetup} \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em} \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax} %% setup 8/10 type \def\@bibsetup{%\itemindent=0pt \itemsep=0pt \parsep=0pt \small} \def\sameauthor{\leavevmode\vrule height 2pt depth -1.6pt width 23pt} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % INDEX % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %makeindex.sty official version 6.4 %The second line came from /usr/misc/lib/tex82/report.sty. \def\theindex{\@restonecoltrue\if@twocolumn\@restonecolfalse\fi \columnseprule \z@ \columnsep 35pt\twocolumn[\chapter*{Index}] \parskip\z@ plus .3pt\relax\let\item\@idxitem} \def\printindex{\cleardoublepage\markboth{INDEX}{INDEX} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Index}\@input{\jobname.ind}} \ps@headings %%% end of style file %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%CUT HERE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % This is siamproc.bst % SIAM bibliography style (29-Jan-88 version) % numeric labels, alphabetic order, Mathematical Reviews abbreviations, % names in \sc, titles in italics, book titles mixed upper-lower and article % titles lowercase, commas separate all fields except before "notes". % % History % 1/30/86 (HWT) Original version, by Howard Trickey. % 6/15/87 (HWT) Fix format.editors---Martin Costabel. % 1/29/88 (OP&HWT) Updated for BibTeX version 0.99a, Oren Patashnik; % THIS `siam' VERSION DOES NOT WORK WITH BIBTEX 0.98i. ENTRY { address author booktitle chapter edition editor howpublished institution journal key month note number organization pages publisher school series title type volume year } {} { label } INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.block } FUNCTION {init.state.consts} { #0 'before.all := #1 'mid.sentence := #2 'after.block := } STRINGS { s t } FUNCTION {output.nonnull} { 's := output.state mid.sentence = { ", " * write$ } { output.state after.block = { add.period$ write$ newline$ "\newblock " write$ } 'write$ if$ mid.sentence 'output.state := } if$ s } FUNCTION {output} { duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ 'output.nonnull if$ } FUNCTION {output.check} { 't := duplicate$ empty$ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ } 'output.nonnull if$ } FUNCTION {output.bibitem} { newline$ "\bibitem{" write$ cite$ write$ "}" write$ newline$ "" before.all 'output.state := } FUNCTION {fin.entry} { add.period$ write$ newline$ } FUNCTION {new.block} { output.state before.all = 'skip$ { after.block 'output.state := } if$ } FUNCTION {not} { { #0 } { #1 } if$ } FUNCTION {and} { 'skip$ { pop$ #0 } if$ } FUNCTION {or} { { pop$ #1 } 'skip$ if$ } FUNCTION {new.block.checka} { empty$ 'skip$ 'new.block if$ } FUNCTION {field.or.null} { duplicate$ empty$ { pop$ "" } 'skip$ if$ } FUNCTION {emphasize} { duplicate$ empty$ { pop$ "" } { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * } if$ } FUNCTION {scapify} { duplicate$ empty$ { pop$ "" } { "{\sc " swap$ * "}" * } if$ } INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames } FUNCTION {format.names} { 's := #1 'nameptr := s num.names$ 'numnames := numnames 'namesleft := { namesleft #0 > } { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := nameptr #1 > { namesleft #1 > { ", " * t * } { numnames #2 > { "," * } 'skip$ if$ t "others" = { " et~al." * } { " and " * t * } if$ } if$ } 't if$ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := } while$ } STRINGS { last.authors } FUNCTION {init.last.authors} { "" 'last.authors := } FUNCTION {format.authors} { author empty$ { "" 'last.authors := "" } { author last.authors = { "\leavevmode\vrule height 2pt depth -1.6pt width 23pt" } { author format.names }% scapify } if$ author 'last.authors := } if$ } FUNCTION {format.organization} { organization empty$ { "" 'last.authors := "" } { organization last.authors = { "\leavevmode\vrule height 2pt depth -1.6pt width 23pt" } { organization scapify } if$ organization 'last.authors := } if$ } FUNCTION {format.editors} { editor empty$ { "" 'last.authors := "" } { editor last.authors = { "\leavevmode\vrule height 2pt depth -1.6pt width 23pt" } { editor format.names scapify } if$ editor num.names$ #1 > { ", eds." * } { ", ed." * } if$ editor 'last.authors := } if$ } FUNCTION {format.ineditors} { editor empty$ { "" } { editor format.names editor num.names$ #1 > { ", eds." * } { ", ed." * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION {format.title} { title empty$ { "" } { title "t" change.case$ emphasize } if$ } FUNCTION {n.dashify} { 't := "" { t empty$ not } { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not { "--" * t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = } { "-" * t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } while$ } if$ } { t #1 #1 substring$ * t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } if$ } while$ } FUNCTION {format.date} { year empty$ { month empty$ { "" } { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ month } if$ } { month empty$ 'year { month " " * year * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION {format.btitle} { title emphasize } FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect} { duplicate$ text.length$ #3 < { "~" } { " " } if$ swap$ * * } FUNCTION {either.or.check} { empty$ 'pop$ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ } if$ } FUNCTION {format.bvolume} { volume empty$ { "" } { "vol.~" volume * series empty$ 'skip$ { " of " * series * } if$ "volume and number" number either.or.check } if$ } FUNCTION {format.number.series} { volume empty$ { number empty$ { series field.or.null } { "no.~" number * series empty$ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ } { " in " * series * } if$ } if$ } { "" } if$ } FUNCTION {format.edition} { edition empty$ { "" } { edition "l" change.case$ "~ed." * } if$ } INTEGERS { multiresult } FUNCTION {multi.page.check} { 't := #0 'multiresult := { multiresult not t empty$ not and } { t #1 #1 substring$ duplicate$ "-" = swap$ duplicate$ "," = swap$ "+" = or or { #1 'multiresult := } { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } if$ } while$ multiresult } FUNCTION {format.pages} { pages empty$ { "" } { pages multi.page.check { "pp.~" pages n.dashify * } { "p.~" pages * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION {format.vol.year} { volume field.or.null year empty$ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ } { " (" year * ")" * * } if$ } FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages} { chapter empty$ 'format.pages { type empty$ { "ch.~" chapter * } { type "l" change.case$ chapter tie.or.space.connect } if$ pages empty$ 'skip$ { ", " * format.pages * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle} { booktitle empty$ { "" } { editor empty$ { "in " booktitle * } { "in " booktitle * ", " * format.ineditors * } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION {empty.misc.check} { author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$ month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ and and and and and key empty$ not and { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ } 'skip$ if$ } FUNCTION {format.thesis.type} { type empty$ 'skip$ { pop$ type "l" change.case$ } if$ } FUNCTION {format.tr.number} { type empty$ { "Tech. Rep." } 'type if$ number empty$ { "l" change.case$ } { number tie.or.space.connect } if$ } FUNCTION {format.article.crossref} { key empty$ { journal empty$ { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ "" } { "in " journal * } if$ } { "in " key * } if$ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * } FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor} { editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ editor num.names$ duplicate$ #2 > { pop$ " et~al." * } { #2 < 'skip$ { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" = { " et~al." * } { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * } if$ } if$ } if$ } FUNCTION {format.book.crossref} { volume empty$ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$ "in " } { "vol.~" volume * " of " * } if$ editor empty$ editor field.or.null author field.or.null = or { key empty$ { series empty$ { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ "" * } { series * } if$ } { key * } if$ } { format.crossref.editor * } if$ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * } FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref} { editor empty$ editor field.or.null author field.or.null = or { key empty$ { booktitle empty$ { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ "" } { "in " booktitle * } if$ } { "in " key * } if$ } { "in " format.crossref.editor * } if$ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * } FUNCTION {article} { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check format.title "title" output.check crossref missing$ { journal "journal" output.check format.vol.year output } { format.article.crossref output.nonnull } if$ format.pages output new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {book} { output.bibitem author empty$ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check } { format.authors output.nonnull crossref missing$ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } 'skip$ if$ } if$ format.btitle "title" output.check crossref missing$ { format.bvolume output format.number.series output publisher "publisher" output.check address output } { format.book.crossref output.nonnull } if$ format.edition output format.date "year" output.check new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {booklet} { output.bibitem format.authors output format.title "title" output.check howpublished new.block.checka howpublished output address output format.date output new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {inbook} { output.bibitem author empty$ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check } { format.authors output.nonnull crossref missing$ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } 'skip$ if$ } if$ format.btitle "title" output.check crossref missing$ { format.bvolume output format.number.series output publisher "publisher" output.check address output } { format.book.crossref output.nonnull } if$ format.edition output format.date "year" output.check format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {incollection} { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check format.title "title" output.check crossref missing$ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check format.bvolume output format.number.series output publisher "publisher" output.check address output format.edition output format.date "year" output.check } { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull } if$ format.chapter.pages output new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {inproceedings} { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check format.title "title" output.check crossref missing$ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check format.bvolume output format.number.series output address empty$ { organization output publisher output format.date "year" output.check } { address output.nonnull format.date "year" output.check organization output publisher output } if$ } { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull } if$ format.pages output new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings } FUNCTION {manual} { output.bibitem author empty$ { format.organization output } { format.authors output.nonnull } if$ format.btitle "title" output.check author empty$ 'skip$ { organization output } if$ address output format.edition output format.date output new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {mastersthesis} { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check format.title "title" output.check "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull school "school" output.check address output format.date "year" output.check new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {misc} { output.bibitem format.authors output format.title output howpublished new.block.checka howpublished output format.date output new.block note output fin.entry empty.misc.check } FUNCTION {phdthesis} { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check format.btitle "title" output.check "PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull school "school" output.check address output format.date "year" output.check new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {proceedings} { output.bibitem editor empty$ { format.organization output } { format.editors output.nonnull } if$ format.btitle "title" output.check format.bvolume output format.number.series output address empty$ { editor empty$ 'skip$ { organization output } if$ publisher output format.date "year" output.check } { address output.nonnull format.date "year" output.check editor empty$ 'skip$ { organization output } if$ publisher output } if$ new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {techreport} { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check format.title "title" output.check format.tr.number output.nonnull institution "institution" output.check address output format.date "year" output.check new.block note output fin.entry } FUNCTION {unpublished} { output.bibitem format.authors "author" output.check format.title "title" output.check new.block note "note" output.check format.date output fin.entry } FUNCTION {default.type} { misc } MACRO {jan} {"Jan."} MACRO {feb} {"Feb."} MACRO {mar} {"Mar."} MACRO {apr} {"Apr."} MACRO {may} {"May"} MACRO {jun} {"June"} MACRO {jul} {"July"} MACRO {aug} {"Aug."} MACRO {sep} {"Sept."} MACRO {oct} {"Oct."} MACRO {nov} {"Nov."} MACRO {dec} {"Dec."} MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surveys"} MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."} MACRO {cacm} {"Comm. ACM"} MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."} MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."} MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."} MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."} MACRO {ieeetcad} {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"} MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."} MACRO {jacm} {"J.~Assoc. Comput. Mach."} MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. System Sci."} MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"} MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."} MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."} MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."} MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."} MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."} MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."} MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."} MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."} READ FUNCTION {sortify} { purify$ "l" change.case$ } INTEGERS { len } FUNCTION {chop.word} { 's := 'len := s #1 len substring$ = { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ } 's if$ } FUNCTION {sort.format.names} { 's := #1 'nameptr := "" s num.names$ 'numnames := numnames 'namesleft := { namesleft #0 > } { nameptr #1 > { " " * } 'skip$ if$ s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't := nameptr numnames = t "others" = and { "et al" * } { t sortify * } if$ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := } while$ } FUNCTION {sort.format.title} { 't := "A " #2 "An " #3 "The " #4 t chop.word chop.word chop.word sortify #1 global.max$ substring$ } FUNCTION {author.sort} { author empty$ { key empty$ { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" } { key sortify } if$ } { author sort.format.names } if$ } FUNCTION {author.editor.sort} { author empty$ { editor empty$ { key empty$ { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" } { key sortify } if$ } { editor sort.format.names } if$ } { author sort.format.names } if$ } FUNCTION {author.organization.sort} { author empty$ { organization empty$ { key empty$ { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" } { key sortify } if$ } { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify } if$ } { author sort.format.names } if$ } FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort} { editor empty$ { organization empty$ { key empty$ { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$ "" } { key sortify } if$ } { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify } if$ } { editor sort.format.names } if$ } FUNCTION {presort} { type$ "book" = type$ "inbook" = or 'author.editor.sort { type$ "proceedings" = 'editor.organization.sort { type$ "manual" = 'author.organization.sort 'author.sort if$ } if$ } if$ " " * year field.or.null sortify * " " * title field.or.null sort.format.title * #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'sort.key$ := } ITERATE {presort} SORT STRINGS { longest.label } INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width } FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label} { "" 'longest.label := #1 'number.label := #0 'longest.label.width := } FUNCTION {longest.label.pass} { number.label int.to.str$ 'label := number.label #1 + 'number.label := label width$ longest.label.width > { label 'longest.label := label width$ 'longest.label.width := } 'skip$ if$ } EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label} ITERATE {longest.label.pass} FUNCTION {begin.bib} { preamble$ empty$ 'skip$ { preamble$ write$ newline$ } if$ "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" * write$ newline$ } EXECUTE {begin.bib} EXECUTE {init.state.consts} EXECUTE {init.last.authors} ITERATE {call.type$} FUNCTION {end.bib} { newline$ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ } EXECUTE {end.bib}