greek-fontenc ############# Greek font encoding definition files ************************************ :Author: Günter Milde :Copyright: © 2013 Günter Milde :Licence: This work may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of the `LaTeX Project Public License`_, either version 1.3 of this license or any later version. :Abstract: `LaTeX internal character representation` (LICR) macros are a verbose but failsafe 7-bit ASCII encoding that works unaltered under both, 8-bit TeX and XeTeX/LuaTeX. Use cases are macro definitions and generated text This bundle provides LICR macros for characters from the Greek script and encoding definition files for `Greek text font encodings`_ for use with fontenc_ (8-bit TeX) or fontspec_ (XeTeX/LuaTeX). Included are also the LaTeX packages textalpha_ and alphabeta_. .. contents:: Changelog ========= .. class:: borderless ====== =========== =========================================================== 0.9 2013-07-03 greek-fontenc.def_ "outsourced" from lgrxenc.def .. experimental files xunicode-greek.sty and greek-euenc.def: LICRs for XeTeX/LuaTeX. 0.9.1 2013-07-18 Bugfix: wrong breathings psilioxia -> dasiaoxia. 0.9.2 2013-07-19 Bugfix: Disable composite defs starting with char macro, .. fix "hiatus" handling. 0.9.3 2013-07-24 Fix "input" path in xunicode-greek and greek-euenc.def. 0.9.4 2013-09-10 greek-fontenc.sty: Greek text font encoding setup package, .. remove xunicode-greek.sty. 0.10 2013-09-13 textalpha.sty_ and alphabeta.sty_ moved here from lgrx and updated to work with XeTeX/LuaTeX. .. greek-fontenc.sty removed (obsoleted by textalpha.sty). 0.10.1 2013-10-01 Bugfix in greek-euenc.def and alphabeta-euenc.def. 0.11 2013-11-28 Compatibility with Xe/LuaTeX in 8-bit mode, .. ``\greekscript`` TextCommand. 0.11.1 2013-12-01 Fix identification of ``greek-euenc.def``. 0.11.2 2014-09-04 Documentation update, remove duplicate code. 0.12 2014-12-25 Fix auxiliary macro names in `textalpha`. .. Conservative naming: move definition of ``\<`` and ``\>`` from ``greek-fontenc.def`` to ``textalpha.sty`` (Bugreport David Kastrup). Documentation update. 0.13 2015-09-04 Support for `symbol variants`_, .. ``keep-semicolon`` option in textalpha_, .. ``\lccode``/``\uccode`` corrections for Unicode (from Apostolos Syropoulos’ xgreek_) in greek-euenc, .. Do not convert ``\ypogegrammeni`` to ``\prosgegrammeni`` with ``\MakeUppercase``. 0.13.1 2015-12-07 Fix `rho with dasia bug`__ in lgrenc.def (Linus Romer). 0.13.2 2016-02-05 Support for standard Unicode text font encoding "TU" (new in fontspec v2.5a). 0.13.3 2019-07-10 Drop error font declaration (cf. `ltxbugs 4399`_). 0.13.4 2019-07-11 ``@uclclist`` entry for ``\prosgegrammeni``. .. Documentation update. 0.14 2020-02-28 Update test for Unicode fonts. Rename ``greek-euenc`` to ``tuenc-greek``. .. Use ``\UTFencoding`` instead of ``\LastDeclaredEncoding``. 1.0 2020-09-25 Bugfix in textalpha_: Let ``\greekscript`` set ``\encodingdefault``. .. ``\textKoppa`` as alias for ``\textkoppa`` in LGR. .. Update URLs. 2.0 2020-10-30 Move common alias definitions to ``greek-fontenc.def``. .. `textalpha`_ loads TU with Xe/LuaTeX by default and provides ``\textmicro`` and LICR macros for archaic symbols from the Greek and Coptic Unicode block. .. Use ``\UnicodeEncodingName`` (by the LaTeX kernel) instead of ``\UTFencname`` for the Unicode font encoding name. .. Replace utf8 literals in ``tuenc-greek.def``. .. New file puenc-greek.def: setup for PU encoding (defined by hyperref_ for PDF strings). .. Don't use ``\textcompwordmark`` as base in accent commands. .. Documentation update. ====== =========== =========================================================== __ http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/281631/greek-small-rho-with-dasia-and-also-psili-problem-with-accent-and-lgr-encodin .. _ltxbugs 4399: https://www.latex-project.org/cgi-bin/ltxbugs2html?pr=latex%2F4399&search= TeX files ========= ``_ `LGR Greek font encoding definitions `_. This file is the successor of the basic LGR encoding definition file which comes with babel_'s Greek support and the now obsolete lgrx_ bundle. .. _tuenc-greek: ``_ `Font setup for Greek with XeTeX/LuaTeX `_. ``_ `Greek LICR definitions for PDF strings `_. ``_ `Common Greek font encoding definitions `_. .. _LGR font encoding definition file: ``_ Backwards compatibility file loading tuenc-greek_. .. _textalpha: ``_ `Greek symbols in text `_ Use ``\textalpha`` ... ``\textOmega`` independent of font encoding and TeX engine. .. _alphabeta: ``_ `Greek symbols in text and math `_. Use ``\alpha`` ... ``\Omega`` independent of text/math mode, font encoding, and TeX engine. ``_ `Composite definitions for 8-bit TeX. `_. ``_ `Composite definitions with XeTeX/LuaTeX. `_. Literate source files were converted with PyLit_ to reStructuredText_ and with Docutils_ to the HTML documentation. Documentation and test documents ================================ Overview: ``__, ``_ textalpha_ package documentation: ``__, ``_, ``_ alphabeta_ package documentation: ``__, ``_, ``_ LGR test and usage example ``_, ``_ TU test and usage example ``_, ``_ Hyperref_ test and usage example ``_, ``_ Test with input encodings other than utf-8 ``_, ``_ Greek diacritics with standard accent macros ``_, ``_ Experimental files ================== These files are still in development and will eventually be moved to/merged with other packages or removed in future versions: ``_ `LGR Transcription to Greek LICR transformation `_ Installation ============ If possible, get the bundle from your distribution using its installation manager. Otherwise, make sure LaTeX can find the package and definition files: * Download and unpack greek-fontenc.zip_. * Copy/Move/Link files ending in ``.def`` or ``.sty`` to a suitable place in the “TeX Directory Structure” (TDS_) and run ``texhash``, or place them in the current working directory (e.g. for testing). Conflicts ========= The arabi_ package provides the Babel ``arabic`` option which loads ``arabicfnt.sty`` for font setup. This package overwrites the LICR macros ``\omega`` and ``\textomega`` with font selecting commands. See the report for Debian `bug 858987`_ for details and the `arabi workaround`_ below. .. _bug 858987: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=858987 Usage ===== There are several alternatives to set up the support for a Greek font encoding provided by this bundle, e.g.: Babel: Use the ``greek`` option with Babel_:: \usepackage[greek]{babel} This automatically loads ``lgrenc.def`` with 8-bit TeX and ``tuenc-greek.def`` with XeTeX/LuaTeX and provides localized auto-strings, hyphenation and other localizations (see babel-greek_). Babel can be used together with textalpha_ or alphabeta_. textalpha_: Ensure support for Greek characters in text mode:: \usepackage{textalpha} eventually with the normalize-symbols_ option to handle `symbol variants`_ and/or the keep-semicolon_ option to use the `semicolon as erotimatiko`_ also in LGR :: \usepackage[normalize-symbols,keep-semicolon]{textalpha} This sets up LICR macros for Greek text charactes under both, 8-bit TeX and Xe-/LuaTeX. For details see ``_ and ``_ (8-bit TeX) as well as ``_ and ``_ (XeTeX/LuaTeX). .. _normalize-symbols: textalpha.sty.html#normalize-symbols .. _keep-semicolon: textalpha.sty.html#keep-semicolon .. _semicolon as erotimatiko: textalpha.sty.html#semicolon-as-erotimatiko alphabeta_: To use the short macro names (``\alpha`` ... ``\Omega``) known from math mode in both, text and math mode, write :: \usepackage{alphabeta} For details see ``_ and ``_. fontenc: Declare LGR via fontenc_. For example, specify T1 (8-bit Latin) as default font encoding and LGR for Greek with :: \usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc} Note that without textalpha_ or alphabeta_, Greek text macros work only if the current font encoding supports Greek. See [fntguide]_ for details and ``_ for an example. It is possible to use 8-bit Greek text fonts in the LGR TeX font encoding also with XeTeX/LuaTeX, if the fontenc_ package is loaded before Babel, textalpha_, or alphabeta_, e.g. :: \usepackage[LGR]{fontenc} \usepackage{fontspec} \setmainfont{Linux Libertine O} % Latin Modern does not support Greek \setsansfont{Linux Biolinum O} \usepackage{textalpha} See ``_, ``_ and ``_, ``_. .. _arabi workaround: To work around the conflict with arabi_, it may suffice to ensure ``greek`` is loaded after ``arabic``:: \usepackage[arabic,greek,english]{babel} More secure is an explicit reverse-definition, e.g. :: % save original \omega \let\mathomega\omega \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[LAE,LGR,T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[arabic,greek,english]{babel} % fix arabtex: \DeclareTextSymbol{\textomega}{LGR}{119} \renewcommand{\omega}{\mathomega} Greek text font encodings ========================= Greek TeX font encodings are the envisaged T7_, LGR_, and LGI_. Greek letters and symbols are also defined in the Unicode-based font encodings TU_, and PU_. T7 -- The [encguide]_ reserves the name T7 for a Greek `standard font encoding`. However, up to now, there is no agreement on an implementation because the restrictions for general text encodings are too severe for typesetting polytonic Greek. LGR --- The LGR font encoding is the de-facto standard for typesetting Greek with (8-bit) LaTeX. `greek-fontenc` provides a comprehensive `LGR font encoding definition file`_. Fonts in this encoding include the `CB fonts`_ (matching CM), grtimes_ (Greek Times), Kerkis_ (matching URW Bookman), DejaVu_, `Libertine GC`_, and the `GFS fonts`_. Setup of these fonts as Greek variant to matching Latin fonts is facilitated by the substitutefont_ package. The LGR font encoding allows to access Greek characters via an ASCII transliteration. This enables simple input with a Latin keyboard. Characters with diacritics can be selected by ligature definitions in the font (see [greek-usage]_, [teubner-doc]_, [cbfonts]_). A major drawback of the transliteration is, that you cannot access Latin letters if LGR is the active font encoding (e.g. in documents or parts of documents given the `Babel` language ``greek`` or ``polutionikogreek``). This means that for every Latin-written word or acronym an explicit language-switch is required. This problem can only be solved via a font-encoding comprising Latin and Greek like the envisaged T7_ or Unicode (with XeTeX or LuaTeX). LGI --- The ‘Ibycus’ fonts from the package ibygrk_ implement an alternative transliteration scheme (also explained in [babel-patch]_). It is currently not supported by `greek-fontenc`. The font encoding file ``lgienc.def`` from ibycus-babel_ provides a basic setup (without any LICR macros or composite definitions). TU -- Standard Unicode font encoding for XeTeX and LuaTeX loaded by fontspec_ (since v2.5a) rsp. the LaTeX kernel since 2017/01/01 [LaTeX2e News Issue 26]_. `greek-fontenc` adds support for the Greek script (see tuenc-greek_). Xe/LuaTeX works with any system-wide installed `OpenType font`_. Suitable fonts supporting Greek include `CM Unicode`_, `Deja Vu`_, `EB Garamond`_, the `GFS fonts`_, `Libertine OTF`_, `Libertinus`_, `Old Standard`_, Tempora_, and `UM Typewriter`_ (all available on CTAN) but also many commercial fonts. Unfortunately, the fontspec_ default, `Latin Modern`_ misses most Greek characters. XeTeX uses the Unicode NFC normalization, so that combining characters are merged with the base character if a pre-composed character exists. This results in better looking output for characters with multiple diacritics. Unfortunately, LuaTeX does not apply the NFC normalization. This leads to suboptimal placing of some diactritics, especially the sub-iota (becoming unintelligable in combination with small letter eta). TODO: The `lua-uni-algos`_ package may be helpfull to implement a NTC normalization to Greek text in LuaTeX. The legacy Unicode font encodings EU1 and EU2 for XeTeX and LuaTeX respectively were superseded by TU in the 2017 fontspec_ release. PU -- The package hyperref_ defines the PU font encoding for use in PDF strings (ToC, bookmarks) which supports monotonic Greek. `greek-fontenc` adds support for polytonic Greek and some archaic characters also supported in LGR and TU (see ``_, ``_). Selecting Greek LICR macro names ================================ .. note:: The LICR macro names for Greek symbols are chosen pending endorsement by the TeX community and related packages. Names for archaic characters, accents/diacritics, and punctuation may change in future versions. This bundle provides LaTeX internal character representations (LICR macros) for Greek letters and diacritics. Macro names were selected based on the following considerations: letters and symbols ------------------- * The fntguide_ (section 6.4 Naming conventions) recommends: Where possible, text symbols should be named as ``\text`` followed by the **Adobe glyph name**: for example ``\textonequarter`` or ``\textsterling``. Similarly, math symbols should be named as ``\math`` followed by the glyph name, for example ``\mathonequarter`` or ``\mathsterling``. Problem: The `Adobe Glyph List For New Fonts`_ has names for many glyphs in the `Greek and Coptic` Unicode block, but not for `Greek extended`. The `Adobe Glyph List`_ (for existing fonts) lists additional glyph names used in older fonts. However, these are not intended for active use. * If there exists a **math-mode macro** for a symbol, the corresponding text macro could be formed by prepending ``text``. Example: The glyph name for the GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA is ``sigma1``, the corresponding math-macro is ``\varsigma``. The text symbol is made available as ``\textvarsigma``. Problem: The math macros for the `symbol variants`_ ``\varepsilon`` and ``\varphi`` map to characters named "GREEK SMALL *LETTER* ...", while ``\vartheta``, ``\varkappa``, ``\varrho``, and ``\varpi`` map to "GREEK ... *SYMBOL*" Unicode characters. (See also section 5.5.3 of the unicode-math_ documentation.) * The `Unicode names list`_ provides standardized descriptive names for all Unicode characters that use only capital letters of the Latin alphabet. While not suited for direct use in LICR macros, they can be either i. used as inspiration for new LICR macro names or ii. converted to LICR macro names via a defined set of transformation rules. Example: ``\textfinalsigma`` is a descriptive alias for GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA derived via the rules: * drop "LETTER" if the name remains unique, * drop "GREEK" if the name remains unique, * use capitalized name for capital letters, lowercase for "SMALL" letters and drop "SMALL", * concatenate * Omit the "text" prefix for macros that do not have a math counterpart? Pro: + Simpler, + ease of use (less typing, better readability of source text), + many established text macro names without "text", + ``text`` prefix does **not** mark a macro as encoding-specific or "inserting a glyph". There are e.g. font-changing macros (``\textbf``, ``\textit``) and encoding-changing macros (``\textgreek``, ``\textcyr``). + There are examples of encoding-specific macros without the ``text``-prefix, especially for letters, see encguide_. Contra: - Less consistent, - possible name clashes - ``text`` prefix marks a macro as confined to text (as opposed to math) mode, The font encoding definition files use the ``text`` prefix for symbols. Aliases (short forms, compatibility defs, etc.) are defined in additional packages (e.g. alphabeta.sty_, `babel-greek`_, or teubner_) accent macros ------------- * standard accent macros (``\DeclareTextAccent`` definitions in ``latex/base/...``) are one-symbol macros (``\' \" ... \u \v ...``) . * ``tipa.sty``, xunicode_, and ucs_ use the "text" prefix also for accents. However, the `Adobe Glyph List For New Fonts`_ maps, e.g., "tonos" and "dieresistonos" to the spacing characters GREEK TONOS and GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS, hence `\texttonos` and `\textdiaresistonos` should be spacing characters. * textcomp (ts1enc.def) defines ``\capital...`` accents (i.e. without ``text`` prefix). Currently, `greek-fontenc` uses for diacritics: - Greek names like in Unicode, and ``ucsencs.def``, and - the prefix ``\acc`` to distinguish the macros as `TextAaccent` and reduce the risc of name clashes (cf. ``\@tabacckludge``). For the end-user "symbol macros" (``\~ \' \` \" \< \> \"' ...``) are provided. (The non-standard macros ``\<`` and ``\>`` only with textalpha_ or alphabeta_.) symbol variants --------------- See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet#Glyph_variants Mathematical notation distinguishes variant shapes for beta (β|ϐ), theta (θ|ϑ), phi (φ|ϕ), pi (π|ϖ), kappa (κ|ϰ), rho (ρ|ϱ), Theta (Θ|ϴ), and epsilon (ε|ϵ). The variations have no syntactic meaning in Greek text and Greek text fonts use the shape variants indiscriminately. Unicode defines separate code points for the symbol variants for use in mathematical context. However, they are sometimes also used in place of the corresponding letter characters in Unicode-encoded text. The variant shapes are not given separate code-points in the LGR_ font encoding. In mathematical mode, TeX supports the distinction between θ|ϑ, π|ϖ, φ|ϕ, ρ|ϱ, and ε|ϵ with ``\var`` macros. However, the mapping of letter/symbol in Unicode to "normal"/variant in TeX is inconsistent and variant macros for ϴ ϐ, and ϰ are not available without additional packages (e.g. amssymb_ provides ϰ as ``\varkappa``). `greek-fontenc` provides ``\textsymbol`` LICR macros for these characters: * With Unicode fonts, the macros select the GREEK SYMBOL``. * With LGR encoded fonts, they report an error by default and are mapped to the corresponding letter with the ``normalize-symbols`` option of textalpha_ and alphabeta_ (loosing the distinction between the shape variants). References ========== An alternative, more complete set of short mnemonic character names is the `XML Entity Definitions for Characters`_ W3C Recommendation from 01 April 2010. For glyph names of the LGR encoding see, e.g., ``CB.enc`` by Apostolos Syropoulos and ``xl-lgr.enc`` from the libertine_ (legacy) package. ``lgr.cmap`` provides a mapping to Unicode characters. A full set of ``\text*`` symbol macros is defined in ``ucsencs.def`` from the ucs_ package. .. [fntguide] LaTeX3 Project Team, `LaTeX2ε font selection`, 2005. http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/base/fntguide.pdf .. [encguide] Frank Mittelbach, Robin Fairbairns, Werner Lemberg, LaTeX3 Project Team, `LaTeX font encodings`, 2006. http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/base/encguide.pdf .. [greek-usage] Apostolos Syropoulos, `Writing Greek with the greek option of the babel package`, 1997. http://mirrors.ctan.org/language/babel/contrib/greek/usage.pdf .. [cbfonts] Claudio Beccari, `The CB Greek fonts`, Εὔτυπον, τεῦχος № 21, 2008. http://www.eutypon.gr/eutypon/pdf/e2008-21/e21-a01.pdf .. [teubner-doc] Claudio Beccari, ``teubner.sty`` `An extension to the greek option of the babel package`, 2011. http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/teubner/teubner-doc.pdf .. [LaTeX2e News Issue 26] https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews26.pdf .. [babel-patch] Werner Lemberg, `Unicode support for the Greek LGR encoding` Εὔτυπον, τεῦχος № 20, 2008. http://www.eutypon.gr/eutypon/pdf/e2008-20/e20-a03.pdf .. _LaTeX Project Public License: http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt .. _PyLit: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pylit .. _reStructuredText: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html .. _Docutils: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html .. _TDS: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tds .. _Adobe Glyph List For New Fonts: http://raw.githubusercontent.com/adobe-type-tools/agl-aglfn/master/aglfn.txt .. _Adobe Glyph List: http://raw.githubusercontent.com/adobe-type-tools/agl-aglfn/master/glyphlist.txt .. _Unicode names list: http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NamesList.txt .. _XML Entity Definitions for Characters: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-entity-names/ .. _CB fonts: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/cbgreek-complete .. _CM Unicode: https://www.ctan.org/pkg/cm-unicode .. _Deja Vu: http://dejavu-fonts.org .. _EB Garamond: https://ctan.org/pkg/ebgaramond .. _GFS fonts: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/gfs .. _Kerkis: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/kerkis .. _Latin Modern: http://www.gust.org.pl/projects/e-foundry/latin-modern .. _Libertine OTF: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/libertineotf .. _Libertine GC: https://www.ctan.org/pkg/libertinegc .. _Libertinus: https://ctan.org/pkg/libertinus .. _Old Standard: https://ctan.org/pkg/oldstandard .. _OpenType Font: https://ctan.org/topic/font-otf .. _UM Typewriter: https://www.ctan.org/pkg/umtypewriter .. _amssymb: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts .. _arabi: https://www.ctan.org/pkg/arabi .. _babel-greek: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel-greek .. _babel: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel .. _dejavu: https://www.ctan.org/pkg/dejavu .. _fontenc: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontenc .. _fontspec: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontspec .. _greek-fontenc.zip: http://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc.zip .. _grtimes: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/grtimes .. _hyperref: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref .. _ibycus-babel: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ibycus-babel .. _ibygrk: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ibygrk .. _lgrx: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/lgrx .. _libertine: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/libertine-legacy .. _lua-uni-algos: https://ctan.org/pkg/lua-uni-algos .. _substitutefont: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/substitutefont .. _tempora: https://www.ctan.org/pkg/tempora .. _teubner: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/teubner .. _ucs: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/unicode .. _unicode-math: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/unicode-math .. _xgreek: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/xgreek .. _xunicode: http://www.ctan.org/pkg/xunicode