From e0c6872cf40896c7be36b11dcc744620f10adf1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Norbert Preining Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2019 13:46:59 +0900 Subject: Initial commit --- macros/texsis/dcol/TXSdcol.doc | 300 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 300 insertions(+) create mode 100644 macros/texsis/dcol/TXSdcol.doc (limited to 'macros/texsis/dcol/TXSdcol.doc') diff --git a/macros/texsis/dcol/TXSdcol.doc b/macros/texsis/dcol/TXSdcol.doc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b2f31ed05 --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/texsis/dcol/TXSdcol.doc @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ + %% file: TXSdcol.doc (TeXsis version 2.16) +% $Revision: 17.2 $ : $Date: 1997/12/15 01:13:43 $ : $Author: paige $ +%======================================================================* +% TeXsis Manual - Double Column Typesetting +% +% This file is a part of TeXsis, a TeX macro package for Physicists +% (C) Copyright 1989, 1992, 1993 by Eric Myers and Frank E. Paige +%======================================================================* +\ifx\undefined\bs \texsis\input TXSdocM.doc\input Manual.aux\draft\fi + + +\section{Double Column Output \label{sect.dcol}} + + Typesetting text in more than one column on a single page is more +involved than typesetting text in a single page-wide column, but this +extra effort can be rewarded with a document which looks much more +professional and which can be easier to read (provided that the +resolution of your printer is up to it). Many publishers of +``\idx{camera-ready}'' conference proceedings require double +column\index{double columns} \index{multiple columns|see{double +columns}} typesetting, and the {\sl \idx{Physical Review}} and other APS +and AIP journals are typeset in double columns. In order to make it +easy for authors to prepare manuscripts either for such camera-ready +conference proceedings or for submission to {\sl Physical Review}, we +have included some powerful double column typesetting macros in \TeXsis. +These macros can automatically balance columns which do not fill an +entire page, and there are also provisions for equations which must be +extended across both columns because they are too wide for a single +column. Figures and tables (or other such ``floating'' insertions) can +be put either in a single column or across both columns. The same is +true for footnotes. By changing a single instruction in the manuscript +file it is also possible to take a document which has been prepared for +double columns and to print it in single column mode. The converse is +not true --- typesetting text in double columns with automatic column +balancing is a nontrivial task. While the macros generally behave as +intended, more attention to the layout of the document is required, and +even then the macros will sometimes fail without some extra guidance. +It is not possible to divide three lines into two balanced columns! In +such cases you must rearrange text or the placement of figures and +tables, or explicitly select column or page breaks elsewhere in the +document, in order to give \TeXsis\ some extra guidance on how best to +format the page. + +%\bigbreak + + In order to use the double column formatting macros you must first +specify the size of the columns with the command +\CS{SetDoubleColumns}\arg{c-width}. The width and height of the full +page are taken from the current settings of \cs{hsize} and \cs{vsize}, +while the width of each column is \meta{c-width}. This re-defines +\TeX's \cs{output} routine, so it should be called shortly after you say +\cs{texsis}, before any output is actually produced, and it should only +be called if double column output is to be produced. + + \CS{SetDoubleColumns} only sets the column dimensions and +prepares the \cs{output} routine for double column output at some point +in the future --- it does not actually put you in double column mode. +Text will still be set in a single page-wide column until you say +\CS{doublecolumns}. After you say \CS{doublecolumns} text will be set +in double columns until you say \CS{enddoublecolumns}. This will cause +the text collected so far to be put into two ``balanced'' columns of the +same height. You can, if you desire, return to double column mode at +any later time by saying \CS{doublecolumns} again, and you can switch +back and forth as much as you like. However, keep in mind that +frequently switching between single and double columns will make it very +difficult for \TeXsis\ to choose good points to break columns and pages, +and you may get an error message warning you that a column cannot be +balanced. + +%\bigbreak +%\pagecheck{3cm} + +A simple example of the use of these double column commands is the +following: +\TeXexample +\SetDoubleColumns{0.47\hsize} +\doublecolumns\tenpoint +{\bf BISMUTH} (Ger.\ {\it Weisse Masse}, white mass; later +{\it Wismuth} and {\it Bisemutum}, Bi; at.~wt. 308.981; +at.~no. 83; m.p. 271.3$^\circ$C; b.p. 1560 $\pm$ 5$^\circ$C; +sp.~gr. 9.747 (20$^\circ$); valence 3 or~5. In early times +bismuth was confused with tin and lead. Claude Geoffroy the +Younger showed it to be distinct from lead . . . + . . . . . . . +. . . High purity bismuth metal costs about \$4/lb. +\enddoublecolumns +|endTeXexample +\noindent +Here the column size is chosen to be slightly less than half of the +\cs{hsize} (0.47 times the \cs{hsize}) to allow some space (called the +``gutter'') between the two columns. The result is the +following:\reference{CRC} +\booktitle{Handbook of Chemistry and Physics}, 56th Edition, +(CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio, 1974), pg. B-9 +\endreference +\medbreak + +% set up double column mode: +\SetDoubleColumns{0.47\hsize} + +\doublecolumns\tenpoint\baselineskip=12pt plus 1pt \relax +{\bf BISMUTH} (Ger.\ {\it Weisse Masse}, white mass; later {\it Wismuth} +and {\it Bisemutum}, Bi; at.~wt. 308.981; at.~no. 83; m.p. +271.3$^\circ$C; b.p. 1560 $\pm$ 5$^\circ$C; sp.~gr. 9.747 (20$^\circ$); +valence 3 or~5. In early times bismuth was confused with tin and lead. +Claude Geoffroy\index{Geoffroy, Claude} the Younger showed it to be +distinct from lead in 1753. It is a white, crystalline, brittle metal +with a pinkish tinge. It occurs native. The most important ores are +{\it bismuthinite} or {\it bismuth glance} (Bi$_2$S$_3$) and {\it +bismite} (Bi$_2$O$_3$). Peru, Japan, Mexico, Bolivia, and Canada are +major \idx{bismuth} producers. Much of the bismuth produced in the U.S. is +obtained as a by-product in refining lead, copper, tin, silver, and +gold ores. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the +thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. It has a +high electrical resistance, and has the highest \idx{Hall effect} of any +metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in +a magnetic field). ``Bismanol'' is a permanent magnet of high coercive +force, made of MnBi, by the U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory. Bismuth +expands 3.32\% on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys +particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject +to damage by high temperatures. With other metals, such as tin, +\idx{cadmium}, etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which are extensively +used for safety devices used in \idx{fire detection} and extinguishing +systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use +as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air +it burns with a blue flame forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal +is also used as a \idx{thermocouple} material (has highest negativity +known), and has found application as a carrier for U$^{235}$ or +U$^{238}$ fuel in \idx{atomic reactors}. Its soluble salts are +characterized by forming insoluble basic salts on the addition of water, +a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is +used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are +used in medicine. High purity bismuth metal costs about \$4/lb. +\enddoublecolumns + +\nobreak +\medskip + + The \cs{IEEE}, \cs{PhysRev}, and \cs{NorthHollandTwo} document formats +described in \Sect{fmts} also use these double column macros. + +\bigbreak + + Any document prepared for double column output using the macros just +described can also be printed in the simpler single column mode very +easily, simply by leaving out the \CS{SetDoubleColumns}. Without the +initialization provided by \CS{SetDoubleColumns} the \cs{doublecolumns} +and \cs{enddoublecolumns} commands do nothing (they are, in fact, the +same as saying \cs{relax}). However, if you restore the +\CS{SetDoubleColumns} command, or invoke one of the specialized document +styles which use double column output (like \cs{PhysRev}) they will come +back to life and perform as required. + +\bigbreak + + In double column mode displayed equations that fit within a +single column are typed within the usual |$$|\ttdots|$$|. If an equation +is too long then it may have to be printed across both columns. This is +easily done by saying \CS{longequation} before the |$$| which begins the +equation and \CS{endlongequation} after the |$$| which ends the +equation, like so:\index{double columns!long equations}% +\TeXexample +|smalltt\longequation +$$ +\psi_{nlm}(r,\theta,\phi) + = [({2Z \over n a_0})^3 {(n-l-1)! \over 2n(n+l)!} ]^{1 \over 2} + \, (\rho)^l \, e^{-\rho / 2} \, \, + L_{n-l-1}^{2l+1} (\rho) \,\, Y_l^m(\theta,\phi) +$$ +\endlongequation +|endTeXexample +\noindent +The command \CS{longequation} invokes \cs{enddoublecolumns} to end +double column mode and balance the partial double columns, and it will +also draw a ruled line across the bottom of the left column. After the +equation has been completed \CS{endlongequation} invokes +\cs{doublecolumns} to go back to double column mode, and it also draws a +rule across the top of the right column. + + The purpose of these ruled lines is to guide the reader's eye from the +incomplete left column to the right column above the equation, and to +the top of the incomplete right column from the left column below the +long equation. The default style of these rules is the same as is used +by {\sl Physical Review}. The rules are drawn by macros called +\CS{leftcolrule} and \CS{rightcolrule}, and these can be changed either +by you or by a style file. For +example, if you don't want these rules you can turn them off simply +by redefining these macros to be \cs{relax}: +\TeXexample + \def\leftcolrule{\relax} + \def\rightcolrule{\relax} +|endTeXexample +\noindent +As with the other double column macros, \CS{longequation} and +\CS{endlongequation} do nothing if they are invoked when double column +mode has not been initialized with \CS{SetDoubleColumns}, to make it +easy to print the document in single column mode. + + Keep in mind that when dealing with long equations which span both +columns, switching frequently between single and double columns will +almost certainly cause trouble in balancing the double columns. Also +note that each separate piece of double-column material forms its own +group, so any definitions made inside that group will be forgotten +outside it. To avoid this problem put all definitions at the beginning of the +paper, before double column mode is begun. Alternatively, make your +definitions global by using \cs{gdef} rather than \cs{def}. + +\bigbreak + + Figures, tables, or other floating insertions can be inserted +within a single column using the usual insertion commands of \TeX\ and +\TeXsis:\index{double columns!insertions} \cs{topinsert}, \cs{midinsert}, +\cs{pageinsert}, \cs{bottominsert}, or \cs{heavyinsert}, all of which +are terminated as usual by \cs{endinsert}. A \cs{midinsert} or +\cs{heavyinsert} will appear in the column where it is called for, +unless it won't fit, in which case it migrates to the next {\sl +column} (rather than all the way to the next page). You can force an +insertion into a particular column by placing {\sl within} the +insertion either \CS{forceleft} or \CS{forceright}. Since insertions +which have been forced into the left or right columns are handled +separately, an insertion which fails to fit on a page is moved to the +same column of the next page and not just to the next column. This means +that if there are several figures per page, then the figures can +easily appear in the wrong order. Also, a \cs{topinsert} which follows +a wide equation on a page will be placed after the equation, not at +the top of the page. Such problems can easily be corrected by moving +the insertion to a better place in the manuscript file. + + +Besides putting insertions in one column or the other, it is also +sometimes desirable to be able to put an insertion across the full width +of the page. These ``wide'' insertions can be made with ``wide'' +versions of some of the the insertions already mentioned: +\CS{widetopinsert}, \CS{widepageinsert} and \CS{widebottominsert} +(there is no such thing as |\widemidinsert| or |\wideheavyinsert|). These +wide insertions behave just like their more conventional counterparts +when in single column mode. + + The standard \TeXsis\ macros for table and figure insertions +described in \Sect{tbls} use \cs{topinsert} and cousins, and so make +insertions within a single column in double column format. +There are also macros to make two-column wide tables and figures: +\index{double columns!figures and tables}% +\description{Xwidetable}\clump +% +\itm{\CS{widetable}\arg{label\/}} +Insert a two-column wide table, with the tag \meta{label\/}, at the top of the +current page. +% +\itm{\CS{widefigure}\arg{label\/}} +Insert a two-column wide figure, with the tag \meta{label\/}, at the top of the +current page. +% +\itm{\CS{widetopfigure}\arg{label\/}} +A synonym for |\widefigure|. +% +\itm{\CS{widefulltable}\arg{label\/}} +Insert a two-column wide, full-page table, with the tag \meta{label\/}. +% +\itm{\CS{widefullfigure}\arg{label\/}} +Insert a two-column wide, full-page figure, with the tag \meta{label\/}. +% +\enddescription +\noindent +These also behave correctly in single column document formats. + +\bigbreak +%================ + +Here is a summary of the commands which can be used to set-up and +control double column mode: +\description{Xdoublecolumns\quad}\clump +% +\itm{\CS{SetDoubleColumns}\arg{c-width}} +Set up the double column format, using the current \cs{hsize} and +\cs{vsize} for the total size of the page and \meta{c-width} for the +column width. +% +\itm{\CS{doublecolumns}} +Begin double column mode. +% +\itm{\CS{newcolumn}} +Force a \idx{column break}, much like \cs{newpage} forces a page break. +% +\itm{\CS{enddoublecolumns}} +End double column mode, making balanced double columns, +% +\itm{\CS{longequation}} +Begins a ``long'' equation which cannot fit within one column +and therefore must stretch across both columns. This balances the +columns, putting a \CS{leftcolrule} below the left column, and then +enters single column mode. +% +\itm{\CS{endlongequation}} +Ends a long equation, returning to double column mode and +putting a \CS{rightcolrule} above the right column of the text following. +% +\enddescription + +%>>> EOF TXSdcol.doc <<< -- cgit v1.2.3