diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'usergrps/uktug/baskervi/6_1/bv61tor.tex')
-rw-r--r-- | usergrps/uktug/baskervi/6_1/bv61tor.tex | 585 |
1 files changed, 585 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/6_1/bv61tor.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/6_1/bv61tor.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48b7e6552b --- /dev/null +++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/6_1/bv61tor.tex @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ + +\title{A \LaTeX\ Tour: Part 1} +\author[David Carlisle]{David Carlisle} +% Mathematics Department\\ +% Manchester University} + +\begin{Article} + +\section{Introduction} +In this article I hope to give a `guided tour' around the files +that make up the basic \LaTeX\ distribution. Subsequent articles in +this mini-series will cover other packages by the \LaTeX\ development +team, and also some of the main contributed packages. + +The primary source for \LaTeX\ is the `\textsc{ctan}\footnote +{\texttt{ftp.tex.ac.uk} in the UK}' network of archives, so +if I refer to path names of files this relates to the \textsc{ctan} file +structure. Note however that if you obtained \LaTeX\ as part of a +`pre-packaged' \TeX\ distribution, then these files may have been +moved (typically documentation files may be separated from \TeX\ +source files). Hopefully this will not cause any confusion. + +\section{The Components of \LaTeX} + +The \LaTeX\ distribution at the \textsc{ctan} archives is organised into +the following directories. + +\begin{filedesc} +\item[base] Contains the core \LaTeX\ files. You need at least these +files for a minimal \LaTeX\ installation. + +\item[unpacked] Includes \emph{all} the files in \texttt{base} +together with the result of `unpacking' the source files. (More about +this later.) Thus when obtaining \LaTeX\ you should get either +\texttt{base} or \texttt{unpacked}, but not both. Getting the former +saves on time transferring the files, but getting the latter saves +time that would be taken unpacking the source files, so which is +preferable depends on the relative speed (and cost) of your machine +and your connection to the archives. + +\item[packages] Consists of seven independent \LaTeX\ `extensions' +that are written and supported by the \LaTeX\ developers (or the +American Mathematical Society). + +\texttt{amsfonts}, \texttt{amslatex}, \texttt{babel}, \texttt{graphics}, +\texttt{mfnfss}, \texttt{psnfss} and \texttt{tools} + +These packages will be described in more detail later in the series. + +\item[fonts] The metafont sources and \TeX\ +font metric files of a few fonts that \LaTeX\ requires that are not +part of the original plain \TeX\ distribution. + +\item[doc] This directory is not part of the main \LaTeX\ +distribution, it is generated by the \textsc{ctan} archives. +As a convenience +for those people that have not yet installed \LaTeX, some of the main +introductory documentation files which are available as \LaTeX\ files +in the base distribution are made available in this directory as dvi +and \PS\ files. + +\item[contrib] This directory contains an ever growing number of +contributed \LaTeX\ packages, and other extensions, that have been +contributed by \LaTeX\ users. They are not part of the `official' +\LaTeX\ distribution, but many of them form a vital part of any +`working' \LaTeX\ installation. The packages are divided into two +subdirectories `\texttt{supported}' and `\texttt{other}', however at +the current time one should ignore this distinction when looking for +packages to fetch from the archives. Contrary to +expectations some of the best supported packages are distributed (at +their author's request) from \path|contrib/other|. +\end{filedesc} + +Unfortunately (for mainly historical reasons) people in search of +contributed \LaTeX\ packages also need to look in more distant +\textsc{ctan} directories. +Firstly, the \path|macros/latex209/contrib| area on +\textsc{ctan} contains packages that were written for the previous +version of \LaTeX\ that has been obsolete for 19 months now. +Any packages that are still distributed from this \LaTeX2.09 tree are +likely to be less than well supported, but you can still find some +useful files there. +Secondly, there are some packages that work with multiple formats, not +just \LaTeX, and these are to be found under \path|macros/generic| +or in their own top-level directory, such as \path|macros/musictex|. + +\section{Documentation in the Base Distribution} +The documentation that comes with \LaTeX\ is of two forms: plain +(ASCII) text files with extension \texttt{.txt}, or \LaTeX\ documents +distributed as \LaTeX\ source with extension \texttt{.tex}. +Generally speaking the text files are mainly of interest to people +installing \LaTeX, who may need information before they have a working +system. Information of more general interest to \LaTeX\ users is +normally distributed as a \LaTeX\ document. + +\subsection{The ASCII text files} +\subsubsection{Installation instructions} +\begin{filedesc} +\item[00readme] Provides a general introduction to the system, +and should be the first file to look at when installing \LaTeX\ for +the first time. +\item[install] Provides `generic' installation instructions, but for +many \TeX\ versions more specific +specific instructions that have been contributed by the authors or +users of those systems, thus \File|emtex| gives instructions for the +popular em\TeX\ implementation, \File|web2ctex| gives specific +instructions on installing under \textsc{unix}, etc. + +\item[tex2] If you have a \TeX\ that pre-dates version 3.0 (which was +released in 1989) by far the best thing to do is to update your \TeX, +but if that is really not possible this file details how \LaTeX\ may +be built under \TeX2. + +\item[autoload] Describes the installation of an `autoloading' version +of \LaTeX. +This produces a much smaller format by saving less common commands in +external files rather than in memory. These files are automatically +`autoloaded' as required. +This version of \LaTeX\ is particularly recommended if you are using +a small installation (for instance a `small' em\TeX\ on a sub-386 PC). + +\end{filedesc} + +\subsubsection{Other text files} + +\begin{filedesc} +\item[legal] Contains the copyright notices and distribution +conditions for \LaTeX. + +\item[bugs] Contains instructions on how to compile a bug report + (see below). + +\item[patches] Describes the \LaTeX\ patch mechanism that is used for + distributing small updates between the `full' releases. This file +also contains a list of all the files that have changed since the last +full release. +\item[changes] +A Change Log of all the changes made to the \LaTeX\ files. +This is mainly intended for internal use by the \LaTeX\ developers, +but some people like to read it. +\end{filedesc} + + +\subsection{The \LaTeX\ `guides'} + +These documents are distributed as \LaTeX\ source (i.e, \texttt{.tex} +files) although as noted in the above introduction, the \textsc{ctan} +archives distribute most of them in ready-formatted versions in the +directory \path|latex/doc| so you can read these before installing +\LaTeX\ if you wish. +Unlike the ASCII text files described above, most of these documents +are primarily intended for \emph{users} of the system rather than +system managers and software installers. + +\begin{filedesc} +\item[usrguide] \emph{\LaTeXe\ for Authors}. +This document describes all the main new features of +the 2e release of \LaTeX. It was written originally with the user of +the old \LaTeX\,2.09 in mind, but newcomers to \LaTeX\ who have never +used the old version should still gain something by reading this +document. It does not however cover the majority of \LaTeX\ commands +that were not changed, and so it is not a substitute for a full +\LaTeX\ manual. +\item[clsguide] \emph{\LaTeXe~for class and package writers}. + A companion to to \texttt{usrguide}, gives details of +the \LaTeX\ commands for structuring class files and extension +packages. +\item[fntguide] \emph{\LaTeXe{} font selection}. +For font addicts only, but if you want to know the detailed +specification of the `New Font Selection Scheme' commands, here is the +place to look. +\item[cfgguide] \emph{Configuration options for \LaTeXe}. +Discusses what you can (and can not) do to configure a \LaTeX\ +installation to the requirements of your local site. +\item[ltx3info] \emph{The \LaTeX3 Project}. A brief summary of the +aims of the \LaTeX3 project, the group of volunteers that has taken on +the maintenance and development of \LaTeX. +\item[modguide] \emph{Modifying \LaTeX}. This document discusses some +of the rationale behind the \LaTeX\ distribution conditions as +expressed in \texttt{legal.txt} and \texttt{cfgguide.tex}. Unless you +are making a distribution of a modified version of \LaTeX, or are +particularly interested in software copyright issues, you probably do +not want to read this. +\end{filedesc} + +\subsection{\LaTeX~News} +As well as these larger documents there are a series of one-page +`newsletters'. A new one is produced with each full release of \LaTeX. +These detail any changes that have occurred in \LaTeX\ +or the main extension packages over the six months since the previous +release. (\LaTeX\ releases occur at regular intervals, in June and +December of each year.) Currently the four files +\texttt{ltnews01}--\texttt{ltnews04} are distributed corresponding to +the four releases of \LaTeX\ since June 1994. + +\subsection{Example Documents} +There are two (very) small example documents, as described in the +\LaTeX\ book by Leslie Lamport. +\begin{filedesc} +\item[small2e] A very small (1 page) \LaTeX\ document. +\item[sample2e] A slightly larger document. +\end{filedesc} + + +\subsection{Documented sources} +The source for the \LaTeX\ format, and for all the packages and +classes in the core distribution is distributed as `\texttt{dtx}' +files. These are \LaTeX\ documents which may be processed in the usual +way to produce typeset documentation. +For example a command such as \texttt{latex ltpictur.dtx} +would produce documented source of the picture mode commands. +The files with names of the form +`\texttt{lt}\ldots\texttt{.dtx}' make up the source of +the \LaTeX\ format. If you want to produce a combined document +incorporating all these files, you may process +\File|source2e.tex|. This document will +produce a typeset version of the \LaTeX\ sources, together with +change log and index. It is well over 500 pages long, and so may take a +long time to produce. It may produce an index that is too large to be +handled by the `makeindex' program on smaller machines. + + +\subsection{Errata} +The principal documentation for \LaTeX\ is the two books \emph{\LaTeX: +A Document Preparation System}, and \emph{The \LaTeX\ Companion}. +Errata for these (and the German edition of \emph{The Companion}) are +available as \texttt{manual.err}, \texttt{compan.err} and +\texttt{begleit.err}. + +\section{The \LaTeX\ Bug Report Database} +As described in the file \texttt{bugs.txt} mentioned above, the +\LaTeX3 project maintain a database of bug reports for \LaTeX. + +If, after checking with colleagues, reading the manual, etc.,\ you +decide that some behaviour of \LaTeX\ is incorrect then you may +send a message to the \LaTeX\ bug database. Before doing this +you should check that your \LaTeX\ is not more than one year old (the +bug my have been fixed in a recent release). If you have access +to the World Wide Web, you may access the database and see if the +problem is already reported by using the search page accessible from: +\URL|http://www.tex.ac.uk/CTAN/latex/bugs.html|. + +If you decide to send a report, two files are available to help compose +a message in the correct format: +\begin{filedesc} +\item[latexbug.tex] \LaTeX\ this file and you will be prompted for +information such as your name, and the name of a test file that shows +the problem. A mail message will be written to the file +\File|latexbug.msg| which should be sent to +\Email|latex-bugs@uni-mainz.de|. +(You should \emph{always} use \File|latexbug.tex| to generate +messages to be sent to this bug address. It is an interface to +a database (The GNU GNATS problem tracking system) and can not handle +messages that are not in the special format written by +\File|latexbug.tex|. +\item[latexbug.el] For users of the GNU Emacs text editor, a more +convenient interface is provided by this file. It runs +\File|latexbug.tex| automatically, and provides online help for +filling in the various fields, and finally automatically mails the +message to the correct address. +\end{filedesc} + +\section{Docstrip files} +As mentioned above, \LaTeX\ is distributed as documented +sources. The files that are actually used by \TeX\ are extracted from +these files by running \File|docstrip.tex|. The \LaTeX\ distribution +contains many files with extension \texttt{.ins} that control how +\texttt{docstrip} extracts each file. Most of these are never used +individually, as they would just `unpack' one small part of the +distribution. The file \File|unpack.ins| is a `master' installation +script that calls the smaller install files in turn and so unpacks the +whole distribution. Normally running \TeX\ on this file is the first +step in installing \LaTeX. This step may be omitted however if the +\File|unpacked| directory is obtained from \textsc{ctan} rather than +\File|base|. \File|unpacked| is \emph{exactly} the result of obtaining +base and running \TeX\ on \File|unpack.ins|. If you have a slow +machine you may prefer this route as it saves unpacking time, but +conversely it requires downloading more files, so if you are +transferring the files via a slow connection such as a modem +then you may prefer to get the smaller `base' distribution. + +There are three install files that are \emph{not} included into +\File|unpack.ins| so you may have need to run these if you need the +following features. +\begin{filedesc} +\item[autoload] Processing \File|autoload.ins| will generate +the source file for the `autoload' version of +\LaTeX, \File|latexa.ltx|, +as described in \File|autoload.txt|. This should be processed +with ini\TeX\ to create a format file to be used in place of the +standard \File|latex.fmt|. As well as the modified format, various +packages are created containing the code that has been taken out of the +format. Normally these do not need to be invoked explicitly as they +are loaded on demand when they are needed. Currently the following +package files are produced. +\begin{filedesc} +\item[autopict] Source for \env{picture} mode. +\item[autotabg] Source for \env{tabbing} environment. +\item[autoerr] The texts of most \LaTeX\ error commands. +\item[autofss1] Less used font selection commands. +\item[autoout1] Code related to \verb|\enlargethispage|. +\end{filedesc} +The autoload format is still quite experimental, and so the range of +such `autoloading' packages may change with future releases. +\item[cmextra] Processing \File|cmextra.ins| installs the +`\texttt{fd}' files +for the `concrete' variants of the Computer Modern fonts, and also the +AMS Cyrillic fonts. +\item[olddc] If using the Computer Modern fonts in the 8-bit `T1' +encoding, \LaTeX\ defaults to using the `dc fonts'. During 1995 these +fonts were updated and the names of the fonts \emph{changed}. Thus the +10\,pt roman font corresponding to \File|cmr10| is now \File|dcr1000| +rather than \File|dcr10|. The install file \File|unpack.ins| includes +\File|newdc.ins| so by default \LaTeX\ will use the new 1995 names (dc +fonts release 1.2 or later) when using T1 font encoding. If you still +have the old dc fonts, then you must process \File|olddc.ins| to +produce suitable \texttt{fd} files referring to the old names. +\end{filedesc} + +\section{The Standard \LaTeX\ Classes} + +The general appearance of a \LaTeX\ document, and the specification +of the commands available is specified in a \emph{document +class}. This may be further modified by loading \emph{packages}, as +described in \texttt{usrguide}. In this section I give a brief +overview of the available classes in the base distribution. They all +have extension \texttt{.cls} (after being unpacked from the +\texttt{.dtx} source file during the installation process). + +\begin{filedesc} +\item[article] `\class{Article} Class'. In some sense the canonical +reference class against which all others are judged. +This class (which is generated from the same \File|classes.dtx| source +as \class{report} and \class{book} described below) is a mixed blessing. +On one hand it provides quite a rich collection of commands for marking +up documents that means that it serves well as as the basic `generic' +class to be used when no more suitable specific class is available. On +the other hand the visual appearance of documents produced with this +class is very distinctive. Many people who say they +``don't like \LaTeX'' +and so use some other format such as plain, in fact are misled into +believing that \LaTeX\ \emph{is} this class. In fact by loading +\class{article} and then making small adjustments one can produce +very different visual designs. The class file for \BV~ is an example of +such a non-standard class based on \class{article}. + +However for many purposes, portability is more important than +original typographical design, and in these cases the \class{article} +class has the big advantage of being installed at all \LaTeX\ sites. + +\item[report] `\class{Report} Class'. Very similar to \class{article} + (and produced from the same source). +The main differences being that this class has a +higher level of sectioning command (\verb|\chapter|) than is available +in \class{article}, and the front matter is typeset differently. + +\item[book] The \class{book} class is again very similar to +\class{report} +with the addition of a few extra features for controlling the front +matter and back matter. +It is unlikely that you would want to use this class `as +is' as for a book, you would almost certainly want to spend some +effort (and perhaps money!) on an original design. However it can be +used as a basis or example of the implementation of a \LaTeX\ class +for book production. + +\item[letter] This provides commands for producing one or more +letters. Many sites use this as a basis for producing site-specific +letter class files, for instance with a modified heading that inserts +a departmental logo and address.\footnote{One should be able to +find details of such local variants in the famous `local guide'.} + + +\item[proc] Proceedings class. This is a variant of \class{article} +class (and inputs the \File|article.cls| file when used). +It defaults to two column mode and makes one or two other small +adjustments. It may be used as a model for how make a class that +builds on another. + +\item[slides] The \class{slides} class. +This class essentially provides the functionality that was formally +built into \SLiTeX. It provides a +mechanism for producing pages suitable for projecting on an overhead +projector. It is described in the \LaTeX\ book, and some people like +it, however if you are making a lot of such presentations you may +prefer to look at the contributed classes \class{seminar} +(T.~v.~Zandt) or \class{foiltex} (J. Hafner). these provide alternatives +to the standard class that many people find more useful. + +\end{filedesc} + +As well as these `Standard Classes' the base distribution contains a +few other special purpose classes. + +\begin{filedesc} +\item[minimal] This is the minimal \LaTeX\ class. +It just sets up a text area, and a font in a single size. +None of the normal sectioning or font size commands are available. +This class is not intended to be used in documents, but it is often +useful when testing macros as it loads very quickly. +\item[ltxguide] A special purpose class for the `\LaTeX\ guides' +mentioned earlier. +\item[ltnews] The class file used for the `\LaTeX~News' news sheets. +\item[ltxdoc] This class is used in all the \texttt{dtx} documentation +files. It is based on the \class{article} class and the \package{doc} +package, but with additional commands for documenting the \LaTeX\ +sources. It was not conceived as a class for general use, but some +people find it convenient to use it when documenting their own package +files. +\end{filedesc} + + +\section{Standard Packages} + +\subsection{Encoding Packages} +One of the main features of the 2e release of \LaTeX\ is that it +attempts to remove all `hard wired' assumptions about the encodings +being used, both for input and also in the fonts used for typesetting. + +It maintains a strict distinction between the \emph{Input Encoding} +and the \emph{Output Encoding}. The input encoding relates to the text +that you type, this may be a standard encoding such as ASCII (The +traditional 7-bit encoding) or ISO-latin-1, or +a platform specific encoding such as `Windows ANSI' as used on +MicroSoft Windows 3.x machines. +The output encoding for text fonts is usually either OT1 (The encoding +devised by Knuth and implemented in the original Computer Modern \TeX\ +fonts.) or T1 the new \TeX\ encoding also known as `Cork' after the +meeting where it was agreed. + +\LaTeX\ maintains this separation by \emph{always} translating input +to an \emph{Internal Encoding}. This is essentially traditional \TeX\ +7-bit input. This internal encoding is then translated to the encoding +used in the font without reference to the original input mechanism +used. Thus if you specify an input encoding that includes the +character \textbf{\'{e}} you may type that directly at the keyboard, +and see it as a single character, however internally \LaTeX\ will +treat this as \verb|\'{e}|. If you are using 7-bit OT1 encoded fonts +this command will use the \verb|\accent| primitive to add an accute to +the \textbf{e}, however if you are using T1 fonts, the existing +\textbf{\'{e}} will be accessed directly. Note however that the +position of \textbf{\'{e}} in the output encoding (T1) is typically +\emph{different} from the position of the character in the input +encoding used. +\begin{filedesc} +\item[inputenc] +Specifies that an 8-bit input encoding is being used. +A package option should always be used which sets up +the default encoding. The currently available options +include \package{latin1}, \package{latin2}, +\package{ansinew}, \package{cp437}, \package{cp437de}, +\package{applemac}. (The two IBM codepage 437 variants differ just in +one slot, the former uses $\beta$, the latter uses \ss.) + +So typical usage (to specify ISO Latin-1 input conventions) would be:\\ +\verb|\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}| + +\item[fontenc] +Specifies the default output encoding for text fonts. Currently +the available options are \package{OT1} and \package{T1}. +So to specify that fonts in the the T1 (Cork) encoding be used in the +document one would declare:\\ +\verb|\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}| + +\end{filedesc} + +\subsection{Remaining Packages in the Base Distribution} +\begin{filedesc} +\item[alltt] Defines the \env{alltt} environment, similar to +\env{verbatim} except that \verb|\|, \verb|{| and \verb|}| retain +their usual \TeX\ meanings. +\item[doc] The package defining the commands used for documenting all +the \LaTeX\ code in the distribution. +\item[shortvrb] This package (really a small part of the \package{doc} +package) defines the \verb|\MakeShortVerb| command that allows +shorthands like \verb"|\foo|" instead of \verb"\verb|\foo|" This is +very convenient if you are documenting \TeX\ or some other situation +where you need to make a lot of use of short sections of verbatim text. +\item[exscale] For mainly historical reasons \LaTeX\ always uses the +math extension font (used for brackets and sum and integral signs +etc.) at the same size, whatever the current font size. This package +modifies this behaviour so that magnified fonts are used at larger +sizes. At the same time it makes the plain \TeX\ commands \verb|\big|, +\verb|\bigg| etc., work as expected in conjunction with \LaTeX\ size +commands. +\item[flafter] \LaTeX\ floats such as the \env{figure} and +\env{table} environment can float \emph{up} to the top of the +current page. This means that it is possible that the figure appears +before its first reference. Some publisher's styles do not allow +this. \package{flafter} redefines the float placement algorithm so that +a float never appears before its position in the source file, so by +using this package, and placing the \env{figure} environment after +the first reference to the figure, one can ensure that figure will +appear after the reference. +\item[graphpap] The \verb|\graphpaper| command produces a grid for use +in the \env{picture} environment. +\item[ifthen] Provides an `if \ldots then \ldots else\ldots' programming +construct for use in \LaTeX\ packages. Many of the examples in `The +\LaTeX\ Companion' assume this package has been loaded. +\item[makeindx] Implements support for generating an index. +\item[pict2e] This package produces an error message to say that +it has not been written. Even if it were written one would be advised +to instead use the \package{PSTricks} package, as described in +Sebastian Rahtz' article elsewhere in this issue. +\item[showidx] This causes the argument of each \verb|\index| +command to be printed on the page where it occurs. See also +\File|idx.tex| described below. +\item[syntonly] Used to process a document without + typesetting it. On some systems this speeds things up considerably, +and so may (possibly) be useful while debugging documents. +\item[tracefnt] This allows you to control how much information about + \LaTeX's font loading is displayed. +\item[latexsym] Loads the special \LaTeX\ symbol font and then +defines commands such as \verb|\Box| that use this font. These +commands were defined by default in \LaTeX2.09. +\item[newlfont] Defines `old' font commands to act in the `new' +way. For example it makes \verb|\rm| essentially equivalent to +\verb|\rmfamily|. This package is not now recommended but is +distributed so old documents written using the \LaTeX2.09 version of +this package still work. +\item[oldlfont] A companion to \package{newlfont}. This package is +only to be used for old documents that used the \LaTeX2.09 package of +the same name. +\end{filedesc} + +\section{Font Definition Files} +Unpacking the \LaTeX\ distribution creates dozens of `font definition +files' with extension `\texttt{.fd}' from their documented sources (with +extension \texttt{.fdd}). These map the internal \LaTeX\ model of fonts +on to the external file names as used on your system. Normally you +never need to load these explicitly into a \LaTeX\ document and they +will not be considered in detail here except to say that if you +obtain some new fonts from the \TeX\ archives, make sure to also get +the related \texttt{fd} files, and install them where \LaTeX\ can +find them. + +\section{Makeindex Styles} +The distribution includes three styles (with extension \texttt{.ist}) +for the \emph{makeindex} index generator. They modify the makeindex +defaults so as to work with the special requirements of the +\package{doc} package. + +\begin{filedesc} +\item[gind] Produces indices of command definition and use. +\item[gglo] Produces `change log' entries (using the \LaTeX\ +\verb|\glossary| command rather than \verb|\index|). +\item[source2e] This style is only produced if the \LaTeX\ document +\File|source2e.tex| is processed. It is almost identical to +\File|gind.ist| but defines `I' to be in the series +`\mbox{I--J--K}' rather than `\mbox{I--II--III}'. This is needed for +the numbering conventions used in that document. +\end{filedesc} +\section{Miscellaneous Utilities and Files} +\begin{filedesc} +\item[idx.tex] Print out index entries in your document. +\item[lablst.tex] Generate list of labels used in a +document. You may prefer instead to have the labels show up in the +margins of your drafts, in which case use the \package{showkeys} +package from the `tools' collection to be described later in this +`tour'. +\item[ltxcheck.tex] This `document' should always be processed after +\LaTeX\ has been installed. It produces no output but checks various +components of the system are configured correctly for your machine +type. +\item[nfssfont.tex] Test file for testing a font. A more +extensive font test is available if you use the \package{fontsmpl} +package from the `tools' collection. +\item[testpage.tex] Test file for checking the accuracy of a +printer. This is particularly useful to see if you need to specify any +offsets to your printer driver to ensure that the printed text is +correctly positioned on the paper. +\item[Makefile.unx] A very simplistic template `Makefile' for +installing the \LaTeX\ base distribution under \textsc{unix}. +Many \textsc{unix} \TeX\ +distributions come with far more suitable installation procedures. For +example the excellent `te\TeX' distribution allows you to install \TeX, +\LaTeX, metafont, dvips, xdvi, and a host of other utilities and fonts +just by typing \texttt{sh install.sh}. +\item[latex209.def] This file is loaded whenever a document begining +with \verb|\documentstyle| is seen. It forces \LaTeX\ into `2.09 +compatibility mode' which is exceedingly slow, but a fairly accurate +emulation of the old version of \LaTeX. This enables old documents to +be processed under the current system. +\end{filedesc} +\end{Article} |