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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/4_3/dol.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/4_3/dol.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d13e4dd2a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/4_3/dol.tex @@ -0,0 +1,580 @@ +\newdimen\doldimen +\def\fortex{\leavevmode\lower.5ex\hbox{4}\kern-.1667em\TeX} +\def\emtex{{\em em}\TeX} +\let\bibtex\BibTeX +\let\slitex\SLiTeX +\let\metafont\MF +\def\initex{\emph{Ini\TeX}} +\def\bigtex{\emph{Big\TeX}} +\def\texhelp{\emph{\TeX help}} +\def\detex{\emph{de\TeX}} +\def\texchk{\emph{\TeX chk}} +\def\texbatch{\emph{\TeX batch}} +\def\texcad{\emph{\TeX cad}} +\def\bsl{{\tt\char'134}} +\def\bibdb{\emph{BibDB}} +\def\bmtofont{\emph{BM2Font}} +\def\hptoxx{\emph{HP2xx}} +\def\ghostscript{\emph{GhostScript}} +\def\Psfig{\texttt{psfig}} +\def\figures{\texttt{figures}} +\def\ascii{\textsc{ascii}} +\def\msdos{{\sc MSDOS}} +\def\filenaam#1{{\tt\lowercase{#1}}} +\def\pad#1{{\tt#1}} +\def\envpar#1{{\small\tt\uppercase{#1}}} +\def\prognaam#1{\emph{#1}} +\def\benadruk#1{\emph{#1}} +\def\syntaxis#1{% + \leavevmode + \par + {\tt\strut#1} + \par} +\def\schermtekst#1{{\tt#1}} + +\title{The ease of including graphics in \TeX\ documents using \fortex} + +\author[Wietse Dol]{Wietse Dol\\ + Landbouw-Economisch Instituut (LEI-DLO)\\ + P.O.Box 29703\\ + 2502 LS Den Haag\\ + The Netherlands\\ + \texttt{W.Dol@LEI.Agro.nl}} +\begin{Article} +{\em [Editor's note: I am grateful to +Wietse Dol and Gerard van Nes (editor) for permission to reprint this +article from MAPS 93.2, the journal of the Nederlandstalige \TeX\ +Gebruikersgroep.]} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\TeX\ has been developed with the idea that it should be possible to have a +\TeX\ implementation for every operating system (\msdos, +\textsc{vms}, \textsc{vm-cms}, \textsc{Unix} etc.). Another feature of +\TeX\ is that documents can be freely exchanged between operating systems +(because documents are written in standard \ascii). Graphics, however, are +machine dependent and the possibility of including graphics in \TeX\ or \LaTeX\ +depends on the operating system and the DVI-driver you are using. This means +that including graphics in \TeX\ or \LaTeX\ is often not an easy job. + +The solution often used for including graphics is including \PS\ +pictures in the document using the \verb+\special+ command. The +\verb+\special+ command is ignored/passed on by the \TeX\ compiler but the +\PS\ DVI-driver will use the \verb+\special+ command to insert the +\PS\ picture at the right place and in the right size in your document. +The advantage of this method is that for all operating systems there are +\PS\ DVI-drivers and that \PS\ files are also written in standard +\ascii, therefore you can transport text file and graphics to all operating +systems. The disadvantage of this method is that you can \benadruk{only\/} +include \PS\ pictures in your document and that you need a +\PS\ printer to produce output. It is not possible to use the screen +previewer to view the DVI-file. + +When you have a PC there are other ways to incorporate pictures in \TeX\ +documents. Before we will discuss them, we have to know more about the +different types of pictures. In principle there are two types of pictures, +namely bitmap and vector pictures. A bitmap picture is a matrix with the +entries corresponding to points with a colour. The dimension of the matrix +specifies the height and width of the picture. Because of the fixed matrix, +manipulating the picture is difficult and resizing the picture often leads to +undesirable results. However, many \prognaam{MSDOS} graphic packages produce +pictures in a bitmap format. These bitmap files come in many different types, +mostly as a result of different compression and colour encoding techniques. +Examples of bitmap pictures are: GIF (Compuserve), TIFF, PCX (PC Paintbrush), +BMP (Windows 3.x), IFF (Amiga), LBM (Amiga), IMG (Ventura), CUT (Dr Halo), and +PCL (Hewlett Packard). + +A \benadruk{vector\/} picture is specified by a device-independent +mathematical description and is therefore easy to manipulate/resize. However, +the problem with vector pictures is that most DVI-drivers cannot handle them. +Examples of vector pictures are: HPGL (Hewlett Packard Graphics Language), PS +(PostScript), and EPS (Encapsulated PostScript). + +In the remainder of this paper we will discuss the computer programs +\prognaam{TeXCad}, \prognaam{Graphic WorkShop}, \prognaam{HP2xx}, +\prognaam{BM2Font}, \prognaam{PCLtoMSP}, and \prognaam{GhostScript}. We will +end this paper by describing how \fortex\ combines the strength of all these +programs to incorporate graphics in \TeX\ documents. + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{\TeX cad}\label{sec7} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\texcad\ is a drawing program written by G.~Horn for producing drawings in +\LaTeX\ documents. It allows the objects available in the \LaTeX\ +picture environment to be drawn and edited. Its output is a sequence +of \LaTeX\ picture commands which can be inserted into a \LaTeX\ +document to generate the drawing. The advantage of this program is +that the text font used in the graphic is the same as the text font +used in the main text (\ie Computer Modern). Using the \LaTeX\ +picture environment also makes it possible to compile/print/view these +graphics on other operating systems. The disadvantages are its user +unfriendliness as compared to other graphical packages, and the +limited set of objects of the \LaTeX\ picture environment. + +\texcad\ is written in \prognaam{Turbo Pascal V5} and runs on all PC\ machines. +A mouse is not required but strongly recommended. \texcad\ supports the +special commands of \emtex\ for line drawing (very useful for drawing lines at +any angle) but you should not forget to include the style file +\filenaam{emlines2.sty} in the document style declaration of the document. +Likewise, if you use \benadruk{bezier\/} curves. The problem with these +\emtex\ specials, however, is that they are machine dependent. For a detailed +discussion how to install and use \texcad\ see Horn~(1990). For +an example of \texcad\ see Figure~\ref{fig5}. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{em\TeX\ and the `special' commands}\label{sec2} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The \verb+\special+ command is ignored completely by the \TeX\ compiler but is +executed when running the DVI-driver. Not all DVI-drivers can execute all the +\verb+\special+ commands. The \verb+\special+ command is therefore output +device dependent and it is ignored when the DVI-driver does not support that +specific \verb+\special+ command. The advantage of the \verb+\special+ +commands is that you can use device-dependent instructions to produce output, +\eg, you can use a \PS\ printer to include \PS\ pictures in your +\TeX\ document. + +\emtex\ has some \verb+\special+ commands to include PCX, MSP +(Microsoft Paint) and black and white BMP bitmap pictures. The +syntax of the \schermtekst{\bsl special} command is: +\syntaxis{\bsl special\{em:graph $[$path$]<$bitmap +file$>$\}}\noindent where \emph{$[$path$]$} is an optional path and +\emph{$<$bitmap file$>$} is an PCX, MSP, or black and white BMP bitmap +file. The upper left corner of the graphic file is located at the reference +point of a character. Run +length encoded BMP files and 4 colour CGA-mode PCX files cannot be used. All +non-white pixels of a PCX file are printed (assuming the standard palette). +The width of the graphic must not exceed 32760 pixels, the height must not +exceed 32766 pixels. The viewer and the printer drivers of the \emtex\ package +will show and print the bitmap. However, it is not possible to manipulate the +picture. This means that different drivers will produce different sized +pictures (as a result of the resolution of the device driver and the fixed +resolution of the bitmap graphic). For a detailed discussion about +\verb+\special+ commands see Mattes~(1992). + +When you want to manipulate the picture (\eg\ resizing the picture or colour +reduction) you can for instance use the shareware program Graphic Workshop. +Graphic Workshop is a program for working with bitmapped graphic files. It +will handle most of the popular bitmap formats. Graphic Workshop is a simple, +menu driven environment which will let you perform the following operations on +graphic files: +\begin{itemize} +\item View bitmap pictures +\item Convert between any two bitmap formats +\item Print the bitmap on almost all popular printers +\item Dither colour pictures to black and white +\item Reverse the colours +\item Rotate the picture +\item Flip the picture +\item Scale the picture to any size +\item Select a part of the graphic as a new picture +\item Reduce the number of colours +\item Sharpen and Soften the picture +\item Adjust the brightness, contrast and colour balance of the bitmaps. +\end{itemize} + +When the picture has more than 32 colours and you use the \emtex\ special +command to include a graphic an error will appear when viewing or printing the +picture. Too many colours will result in too black and unfocused pictures and +it is much better to use \bmtofont\ to incorporate the picture into a \TeX\ +document. + +The problem with bitmap files is their fixed dimension, \ie the size of the +picture will depend on the DVI-driver used. Suppose the bitmap file +\filenaam{golfer.pcx} has dimensions $550\times 770$ dots. Using the picture +and a 300 dpi DVI-driver the picture will have a width of $550/300=1.83 +\,\mbox{inch}=47\,\mbox{mm}$ and a height of $770/300=2.57\,\mbox{inch}=65 +\mbox{mm}$. Other DVI-drivers will result in different sizes. The bitmap file +is now printed using: + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} +\begin{center} + \setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} + \begin{picture}(47,65) + \put(0,65){% + \special{em:graph golfer.pcx}} + \end{picture} +\end{center} +\caption{This is an example how to + use pictures in \emtex} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} +In this example we use millimeters as the unit of +measurement. +Normally the picture \texttt{golfer.pcx} +will be printed from the upper left +corner of the picture box, but it +should be printed from the lower left +corner, therefore we need \verb'\put(0,65)'. +The result is shown in Figure~\ref{golfer}. + +\emtex\ also supports a \PS\ \verb+\special+ command, but it will not +view or print a \PS\ graphic file, except when you use a \PS\ +DVI-driver (\eg, \prognaam{dvips}) to print on a \PS\ printer. + +There are many macro packages that can help you insert \PS\ +files in your document, \eg\ \Psfig, a macro package written by +T.J.~Darrell. With the help of a \PS\ DVI driver, figures are +automatically scaled and positioned on the page, and the proper amount +of space is reserved. To include a \PS\ picture, include the +\texttt{psfig} style at the top of your document: + +\begin{verbatim} +\documentstyle[11pt,psfig]{article} +\end{verbatim} + +\noindent and, when you wish to include a figure, invoke the macro with, \eg, + +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} +\begin{center} + \psfig{figure=% + tiger.ps,width=50mm,height=50mm} +\end{center} +\caption{The use of PSFIG to insert + a PS picture} +\end{figure} + +\end{verbatim} + +\noindent and the result is shown in Figure~\ref{fig2}. + +Note that spaces in the arguments of the macro are not allowed. For a +detailed discussion of all possibilities (\eg, rotation, scaling +etc.) we refer to Darrell~(1992) and Goossens~(1993). The +\texttt{psfig} macros will generate some +\verb+\special+ commands to claim the correct space and size, and with a +\PS\ DVI\ driver the picture will be printed correctly. + +\begin{figure*} +\centerline{% +\begin{minipage}[b]{.3\textwidth} +\centerline{\psfig{figure=golfer,width=47mm}} + \caption{This is an example how to use pictures in + \emtex}\label{golfer} +\end{minipage} +\hfill +\begin{minipage}[b]{.3\textwidth} +\centerline{\psfig{figure=tiger,clip,width=50mm,height=50mm}} +\caption{The use of PSFIG to insert a PS picture}\label{fig2} +\end{minipage} +\hfill +\begin{minipage}[b]{.3\textwidth} +\centerline{\psfig{figure=genesis,height=50mm,width=50mm}} + \caption{This is the file genesis.bmp converted to \TeX\ fonts} +\end{minipage} +} +\end{figure*} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{BM2Font}\label{sec3} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\bmtofont\ is a program written by F.~Sowa and is used to convert bitmap +pictures to \TeX\ fonts. These \TeX\ fonts can be read by the DVI-drivers and +are used to view and print pictures. \bmtofont\ can convert the following +bitmap pictures: PCX, GIF, BMP, IFF, LBM, TIFF, IMG, and CUT. For a detailed +discussion how \bmtofont\ works and all the possible parameters we refer to +the manual. Note that \bmtofont\ can produce several \TeX\ fonts (\ie bitmap +fonts (extension \filenaam{.pk}) and \TeX\ font metric files (extension +\filenaam{.tfm}) and that the bitmap fonts are resolution dependent. + +The command syntax of \bmtofont\ is \syntaxis{bm2font $<$bitmap file$>$ +[options]} The result of a command like +\emph{bm2font example.pcx} is one or more font +files, but also a file called \filenaam{example.tex}. This file +\filenaam{example.tex} (written to the current directory) uses the picture +fonts and defines a macro called \verb+\setexample+ (\ie consisting of the +the word SET and the filename EXAMPLE (without file extension)). The picture +is now produced simply by giving the command \verb+\input example.tex+ and the +command \verb+\setexample+ on the location where you want the picture. + +We will end this section with an example. Suppose we have a BMP bitmap file +\filenaam{genesis.bmp} and we want to convert this bitmap to \TeX\ fonts for +the laserprinter (300 dpi). Running \bmtofont +\syntaxis{bm2font genesis.bmp -h300 -v300 -m50 -n50} +\noindent will result in +one \TeX\ font metric file (\filenaam{genesisA.tfm}), one bitmap font +(\filenaam{genesisA.pk}), and the \TeX\ file \filenaam{genesis.tex} +containing the macro \verb+\setgenesis+. The parameters \texttt{-h} +and \texttt{-v} are the horizontal and vertical resolution of the +printer, the parameters +\texttt{-m} and \texttt{-n} are the width and height you want the picture +to be in millimeters. To produce the picture in the \TeX\ document we can use, +\eg: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} +\centerline{\input genesis + \setgenesis} +%the file genesis.tex contains +%the macro \setgenesis +\caption{This is the file genesis.bmp converted + to \TeX\ fonts} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} + +\bmtofont\ gives excellent results and is easy to use. The only disadvantage is +that you need to generate picture fonts for every printer you use. For example +when you use a 300\,dpi laserprinter as well as a 600\,dpi \PS\ printer, +\bmtofont\ will give you \filenaam{.pk} and \filenaam{.tfm} files with +the same name but for different printers. So you have to do your own +book-keeping, and track which font files you need for the printer you +are using at the moment. + +\benadruk{Note}: if the length of the filename of the picture file is eight +characters, the last character will be omitted for the construction of the +\filenaam{.tfm} and \filenaam{.pk} files (because of the +addition of the font numbers \filenaam{A}, \filenaam{B}, \ldots). For instance +\filenaam{scrndump.pcx} will produce \filenaam{scrnduma.tfm}, +\filenaam{scrnduma.pk}, and \filenaam{scrndum.tex} and the macro is called +\verb+\setscrndum+. + +\benadruk{Note}: No digits are allowed in the picture filename; \eg, +\filenaam{screen1.pcx} has to be renamed to \filenaam{screenI.pcx}. + +When you have a PCL bitmap file (Hewlett Packard LaserJet and DeskJet +graphic output) you can convert this file to a MSP or a PCX bitmap. +The conversion is done by using E.~Mattes' conversion program +\filenaam{PCLtoMSP}. After conversion you can use the a +\verb|\special| command to include the graphic (see above) or the +program \bmtofont\ to generate \TeX\ fonts. The syntax is easy, \eg +\syntaxis{pcltomsp -qop graph.lj graph} +\noindent converts the PCL file +\filenaam{graph.lj} into the PCX file \filenaam{graph.pcx}, and +does not display warnings or the program title. + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Hewlett Packard Plotter files and HP2xx}\label{sec4} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +Some graphics programs produce graphic files in the \benadruk{HPGL} format +(Hewlett Packard Graphic Language). These are vector pictures specifically +made for Hewlett Packard plotters. Because we can only use \PS\ and +certain bitmap pictures in \TeX\ documents we need to convert such files. The +extensions often used for HPGL files are \filenaam{.hpp}, \filenaam{.plt}, and +\filenaam{.hpg} and are produced by, \eg, the programs \prognaam{Matlab}, +\prognaam{Gauss}, and \prognaam{Harvard Graphics}. To convert HPGL plotter +files we use the program \hptoxx. + +\hptoxx\ is a freeware program from H.~Werntges and is used to print, view and +convert HPGL plotfiles. We refer to the documentation for a detailed +discussion of all the possibilities (\eg, rotation, picture size, pencolour, +magnification etc.). \fortex\ uses \hptoxx\ to convert HPGL files to +\benadruk{PCX\/} bitmap files and \benadruk{EPS\/} (Encapsulated PostScript) +files. \hptoxx\ uses no environment variables, it reads and writes the files +from the current directory. \hptoxx\ supports the $800\times 600$ super VGA +modes (\eg, the Tseng ET4000 and the Trident SVGA). \hptoxx\ is easy to use +and produces excellent quality. You can convert HPGL pictures to MF (\metafont\ +format), CAD (to be used with \texcad), EM (\emtex\ specials), EPIC (the +Enhanced Picture style), IMG-, PBM-, PCL- and PCX-bitmaps and EPS PostScript +pictures. + +Suppose we have a file \filenaam{test.hpg}. We can convert +this file to a 300 dpi PCX bitmap file +\filenaam{test.pcx} with height 100~mm (width is automatically calculated) +using the command +\syntaxis{hp2xx -mpcx -d300 -h100 -f test.pcx test.hpg} +Instead of converting the picture to a PCX bitmap we can also +convert it to an Encapsulated PostScript file (use \texttt{-meps} and +\texttt{-f test.eps} instead of \texttt{-mpcx} and +\texttt{-f test.pcx}). After conversion we +can proceed as discussed above. + +As an example we show a Lotus picture that is printed as a HPGL file and then +converted to a 300\,dpi PCX bitmap and a EPS picture using the syntax described +above. After conversion we used the style file \filenaam{figures.sty} (see +below) to print this picture (Figure~\ref{hp2xx}). + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{\PS\ and GhostScript}\label{sec5} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +If you want to view, print and manipulate \PS\ files and you do not have + \PS\ printer (or commercial software), we suggest to use the freeware +program \ghostscript\ from Aladdin Enterprises. Using \ghostscript\ you can +view and print \filenaam{.PS} and \filenaam{.EPS} \PS\ files on any +screen and any printer. \ghostscript\ also supports the Tseng ET4000 and the +Trident graphics card for viewing in super VGA mode. You can resize the +picture to any length and width. You can also calculate the BoundingBox and +convert the \PS\ picture to a PCX bitmap. This PCX bitmap can be used +with the DVI drivers of \emtex\ to view and print the picture in \TeX\ +documents without using a \PS\ DVI-driver. For +a detailed discussion how \ghostscript\ works we refer to the \ghostscript\ +documentation. Note that \ghostscript\ is freeware, is regularly updated and +gives good results. The only disadvantage is perhaps that it is not very user +friendly. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{The \protect\texttt{figures} style files}\label{sec6} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The style file \figures\ is a modification of the \Psfig\ style file +and is used in \fortex. It combines the possibility to print/view +PCX pictures with the \emtex\ special commands, and to print +\PS\ files as with \Psfig. By default (or when using the command +\verb+\pcx+) \figures\ will try to use PCX +picture files. When not found or when using the command \verb+\postscript+, +\figures\ will look for \PS\ files (\filenaam{.EPS} and +\filenaam{.PS}). This makes it possible to view/print pictures +using the \emtex\ special commands and to print the pictures in a \TeX\ +document on any printer. To include a picture include the \figures\ style +option at the top of your document: + +\begin{verbatim} +\documentstyle[11pt,figures]{article} +\end{verbatim} + +\noindent and, when you wish to include the figure (\filenaam{example.pcx} or +\filenaam{example.eps}), call the macro like this: + +\begin{verbatim} + \putfigure{% + figure=example,width=2in,height=3in} +\end{verbatim} + +Note that the extension of the picture file is not specified. All commands +defined in the style file \Psfig\ are also available (see \eg\ +Goossens~(1993)). Some names of the macros of \Psfig\ are changed, \eg\ +\verb+\psfig+ is changed in \verb+\putfigure+ and some extra macros are added, +\eg\ \verb+\pcx+ (use PCX files), \verb+\figurefull+ (the same as +\verb+\psfull+); \verb+\figuredraft+ (the same as \verb+\psdraft+). + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{\fortex}\label{sec8} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +In the preceding sections we have discussed several ways to incorporate +graphics in \TeX\ documents. These sections are summarized by a flow +diagram (see Figure~\ref{fig5}). + + +\begin{figure*} +\doldimen\textwidth +\begin{minipage}[t]{2in} +\centerline{\psfig{figure=biasa,height=1.65383858in,width=1.96850394in}} + \caption{A HPGL picture converted to PCX or EPS}\label{hp2xx} +\end{minipage} +\advance\doldimen by -2in +\begin{minipage}[t]{\doldimen} +\unitlength=0.9mm +\linethickness{0.4pt} +\begin{picture}(145.00,120.00) +\put(45.00,110.00){\framebox(25.00,10.00)[cc]{TeXCad}} +\put(90.00,110.00){\dashbox{1.00}(25.00,10.00)[cc]{\LaTeX pic. env.}} +\put(15.00,100.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{\bf Bitmap Pictures:}} +\put(20.00,90.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{gif,iff,lbm}} +\put(20.00,80.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{tiff,img,cut}} +\put(20.00,70.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{pcx,bmp,msp}} +\put(90.00,80.00){\dashbox{1.00}(25.00,10.00)[cc]{\TeX fonts}} +\put(15.00,40.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{\bf Vector Pictures:}} +\put(20.00,30.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{ps,eps}} +\put(20.00,10.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{hpgl}} +\put(45.00,30.00){\framebox(25.00,10.00)[cc]{Ghostscript}} +\put(90.00,30.00){\dashbox{1.00}(25.00,10.00)[cc]{specials}} +\put(45.00,10.00){\framebox(25.00,10.00)[cc]{HP2xx}} +\put(90.00,10.00){\dashbox{1.00}(25.00,10.00)[cc]{PCX, EPS}} +\put(70.00,115.00){\vector(1,0){20.00}} +\put(70.00,85.00){\vector(1,0){20.00}} +\put(70.00,35.00){\vector(1,0){20.00}} +\put(70.00,15.00){\vector(1,0){20.00}} +\put(100.00,20.00){\vector(0,1){10.00}} +\put(120.00,50.00){\framebox(25.00,10.00)[cc]{document}} +\put(20.00,50.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{pcl}} +\put(45.00,50.00){\framebox(25.00,10.00)[cc]{PCLtoMSP}} +\put(90.00,50.00){\dashbox{1.00}(24.00,10.00)[cc]{pcx,msp pict.}} +\put(100.00,50.00){\vector(0,-1){10.00}} +\put(45.00,70.00){\framebox(25.00,25.00)[cc]{BM2Font}} +\put(115.00,35.00){\vector(1,1){15.00}} +\put(115.00,85.00){\vector(1,-2){12.00}} +\put(115.00,115.00){\vector(1,-4){13.67}} +\put(38.00,70.00){\vector(3,-2){52.00}} +\put(70.00,55.00){\vector(1,0){20.00}} +\put(100.00,60.00){\vector(-4,3){30.00}} +\put(90.00,20.00){\vector(-1,3){19.33}} +\put(89.67,40.00){\vector(-1,2){20.33}} +\end{picture} +\caption{How to insert graphics (example of \texcad)}\label{fig5} +\end{minipage} +\end{figure*} + +The main problem of a user who wants to include a picture is that he/she needs +to know which program to use and which parameters and commands one needs before +one gets reasonable output. The \fortex\ workbench is developed to shield you +from these dirty bits. The aim of \fortex\ is a simple menu based interface +that lets the user choose between all available \TeX\ related programs and +give some help wherever needed. + +The {\it GRAPHICS} utility of \fortex\ helps you incorporating pictures. All +the programs discussed above are used, but a user does not need to remember all +the (program specific) parameters. Simply choosing from an options list one can +specify the parameters. Often this is not necessary because most parameters +are set automatically (\eg\ the printer resolution). Often the user only needs +to specify the size of the picture and then {\it convert} the picture. +Converting means that the correct programs are called and that the result is a +\TeX\ file that can be used to insert the picture in your document. +When for instance we convert the file \filenaam{acad.hpp}, \fortex\ +will end the conversion by telling the user that the picture may be +inserted simply by adding the style file \filenaam{figures.sty} and +using the statement: +\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \centerline{\input ACAD} + \caption{your title} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim} + +In this way a uniform approach to inserting pictures is reached, \ie +it does not matter if you use \prognaam{HP2xx}, \prognaam{BM2Font}, +\prognaam{PCLtoMSP}, or \prognaam{GhostScript}. After conversion only one +simple input statement is enough. + +\fortex\ also makes it possible to view and manipulate the picture. Viewing is +also possible in super VGA modes. For instance a \PS\ picture can be +rotated, a BoundingBox can be calculated and \fortex\ magnifies the picture +so that it will fit the specified size exactly. The same holds for HPGL +pictures. Bitmap pictures can be manipulated using \prognaam{Graphic +WorkShop}. \fortex, however, uses the shareware program \filenaam{CSHOW} to +view bitmaps. + +All the necessary bookkeeping is done by \fortex. For instance the fonts +(\filenaam{*.pk} and \filenaam{*.tfm}) are stored in the correct directories +and the conversion file is stored on the current working directory. + +The conversions of pictures is done in such a way that it allows you to view +and print the \TeX\ document with the pictures on any screen or printer. When +you want to use a \PS\ printer you simple need to include the command +\verb+\postscript+ in the document. The conclusion therefore must be that with +\fortex\ the inclusion of graphics has become an easy job. + +\section*{\refname} +\begin{description} +\newlength{\localindent} +\setlength{\localindent}{\itemindent} +\setlength{\itemindent}{-1.0cm} + +\item[] +Darrell,~T. (1992), +\emph{psfig 1.8 users guide}, +available from public file-servers. + +\item[] +Goossens,~M. (1993), + ``PostScript en {\LaTeX}, de komplimentariteit in de + praktijk\nolinebreak[4]'', +{\em {MAPS} Ne\-der\-lands\-ta\-lige {\TeX}\ Gebrui\-kers\-groep}, {\bf 93.1}, + 101--113. + +\item[] +Horn,~G. (1990), +{\em {\TeX}cad Version 2.8}, +available from public file-servers. + +\item[] +Mattes,~E. (1992), +{\em \prognaam{DVIDRV} 1.4{\it s} manual}, +available from public file-servers. + +\end{description} +\setlength{\itemindent}{\localindent} +\end{Article} +\endinput |