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+\newdimen\doldimen
+\def\fortex{\leavevmode\lower.5ex\hbox{4}\kern-.1667em\TeX}
+\def\emtex{{\em em}\TeX}
+\let\bibtex\BibTeX
+\let\slitex\SLiTeX
+\let\metafont\MF
+\def\initex{\emph{Ini\TeX}}
+\def\bigtex{\emph{Big\TeX}}
+\def\texhelp{\emph{\TeX help}}
+\def\detex{\emph{de\TeX}}
+\def\texchk{\emph{\TeX chk}}
+\def\texbatch{\emph{\TeX batch}}
+\def\texcad{\emph{\TeX cad}}
+\def\bsl{{\tt\char'134}}
+\def\bibdb{\emph{BibDB}}
+\def\bmtofont{\emph{BM2Font}}
+\def\hptoxx{\emph{HP2xx}}
+\def\ghostscript{\emph{GhostScript}}
+\def\Psfig{\texttt{psfig}}
+\def\figures{\texttt{figures}}
+\def\ascii{\textsc{ascii}}
+\def\msdos{{\sc MSDOS}}
+\def\filenaam#1{{\tt\lowercase{#1}}}
+\def\pad#1{{\tt#1}}
+\def\envpar#1{{\small\tt\uppercase{#1}}}
+\def\prognaam#1{\emph{#1}}
+\def\benadruk#1{\emph{#1}}
+\def\syntaxis#1{%
+ \leavevmode
+ \par
+ {\tt\strut#1}
+ \par}
+\def\schermtekst#1{{\tt#1}}
+
+\title{The ease of including graphics in \TeX\ documents using \fortex}
+
+\author[Wietse Dol]{Wietse Dol\\
+ Landbouw-Economisch Instituut (LEI-DLO)\\
+ P.O.Box 29703\\
+ 2502 LS Den Haag\\
+ The Netherlands\\
+ \texttt{W.Dol@LEI.Agro.nl}}
+\begin{Article}
+{\em [Editor's note: I am grateful to
+Wietse Dol and Gerard van Nes (editor) for permission to reprint this
+article from MAPS 93.2, the journal of the Nederlandstalige \TeX\
+Gebruikersgroep.]}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\TeX\ has been developed with the idea that it should be possible to have a
+\TeX\ implementation for every operating system (\msdos,
+\textsc{vms}, \textsc{vm-cms}, \textsc{Unix} etc.). Another feature of
+\TeX\ is that documents can be freely exchanged between operating systems
+(because documents are written in standard \ascii). Graphics, however, are
+machine dependent and the possibility of including graphics in \TeX\ or \LaTeX\
+depends on the operating system and the DVI-driver you are using. This means
+that including graphics in \TeX\ or \LaTeX\ is often not an easy job.
+
+The solution often used for including graphics is including \PS\
+pictures in the document using the \verb+\special+ command. The
+\verb+\special+ command is ignored/passed on by the \TeX\ compiler but the
+\PS\ DVI-driver will use the \verb+\special+ command to insert the
+\PS\ picture at the right place and in the right size in your document.
+The advantage of this method is that for all operating systems there are
+\PS\ DVI-drivers and that \PS\ files are also written in standard
+\ascii, therefore you can transport text file and graphics to all operating
+systems. The disadvantage of this method is that you can \benadruk{only\/}
+include \PS\ pictures in your document and that you need a
+\PS\ printer to produce output. It is not possible to use the screen
+previewer to view the DVI-file.
+
+When you have a PC there are other ways to incorporate pictures in \TeX\
+documents. Before we will discuss them, we have to know more about the
+different types of pictures. In principle there are two types of pictures,
+namely bitmap and vector pictures. A bitmap picture is a matrix with the
+entries corresponding to points with a colour. The dimension of the matrix
+specifies the height and width of the picture. Because of the fixed matrix,
+manipulating the picture is difficult and resizing the picture often leads to
+undesirable results. However, many \prognaam{MSDOS} graphic packages produce
+pictures in a bitmap format. These bitmap files come in many different types,
+mostly as a result of different compression and colour encoding techniques.
+Examples of bitmap pictures are: GIF (Compuserve), TIFF, PCX (PC Paintbrush),
+BMP (Windows 3.x), IFF (Amiga), LBM (Amiga), IMG (Ventura), CUT (Dr Halo), and
+PCL (Hewlett Packard).
+
+A \benadruk{vector\/} picture is specified by a device-independent
+mathematical description and is therefore easy to manipulate/resize. However,
+the problem with vector pictures is that most DVI-drivers cannot handle them.
+Examples of vector pictures are: HPGL (Hewlett Packard Graphics Language), PS
+(PostScript), and EPS (Encapsulated PostScript).
+
+In the remainder of this paper we will discuss the computer programs
+\prognaam{TeXCad}, \prognaam{Graphic WorkShop}, \prognaam{HP2xx},
+\prognaam{BM2Font}, \prognaam{PCLtoMSP}, and \prognaam{GhostScript}. We will
+end this paper by describing how \fortex\ combines the strength of all these
+programs to incorporate graphics in \TeX\ documents.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{\TeX cad}\label{sec7}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\texcad\ is a drawing program written by G.~Horn for producing drawings in
+\LaTeX\ documents. It allows the objects available in the \LaTeX\
+picture environment to be drawn and edited. Its output is a sequence
+of \LaTeX\ picture commands which can be inserted into a \LaTeX\
+document to generate the drawing. The advantage of this program is
+that the text font used in the graphic is the same as the text font
+used in the main text (\ie Computer Modern). Using the \LaTeX\
+picture environment also makes it possible to compile/print/view these
+graphics on other operating systems. The disadvantages are its user
+unfriendliness as compared to other graphical packages, and the
+limited set of objects of the \LaTeX\ picture environment.
+
+\texcad\ is written in \prognaam{Turbo Pascal V5} and runs on all PC\ machines.
+A mouse is not required but strongly recommended. \texcad\ supports the
+special commands of \emtex\ for line drawing (very useful for drawing lines at
+any angle) but you should not forget to include the style file
+\filenaam{emlines2.sty} in the document style declaration of the document.
+Likewise, if you use \benadruk{bezier\/} curves. The problem with these
+\emtex\ specials, however, is that they are machine dependent. For a detailed
+discussion how to install and use \texcad\ see Horn~(1990). For
+an example of \texcad\ see Figure~\ref{fig5}.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{em\TeX\ and the `special' commands}\label{sec2}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+The \verb+\special+ command is ignored completely by the \TeX\ compiler but is
+executed when running the DVI-driver. Not all DVI-drivers can execute all the
+\verb+\special+ commands. The \verb+\special+ command is therefore output
+device dependent and it is ignored when the DVI-driver does not support that
+specific \verb+\special+ command. The advantage of the \verb+\special+
+commands is that you can use device-dependent instructions to produce output,
+\eg, you can use a \PS\ printer to include \PS\ pictures in your
+\TeX\ document.
+
+\emtex\ has some \verb+\special+ commands to include PCX, MSP
+(Microsoft Paint) and black and white BMP bitmap pictures. The
+syntax of the \schermtekst{\bsl special} command is:
+\syntaxis{\bsl special\{em:graph $[$path$]<$bitmap
+file$>$\}}\noindent where \emph{$[$path$]$} is an optional path and
+\emph{$<$bitmap file$>$} is an PCX, MSP, or black and white BMP bitmap
+file. The upper left corner of the graphic file is located at the reference
+point of a character. Run
+length encoded BMP files and 4 colour CGA-mode PCX files cannot be used. All
+non-white pixels of a PCX file are printed (assuming the standard palette).
+The width of the graphic must not exceed 32760 pixels, the height must not
+exceed 32766 pixels. The viewer and the printer drivers of the \emtex\ package
+will show and print the bitmap. However, it is not possible to manipulate the
+picture. This means that different drivers will produce different sized
+pictures (as a result of the resolution of the device driver and the fixed
+resolution of the bitmap graphic). For a detailed discussion about
+\verb+\special+ commands see Mattes~(1992).
+
+When you want to manipulate the picture (\eg\ resizing the picture or colour
+reduction) you can for instance use the shareware program Graphic Workshop.
+Graphic Workshop is a program for working with bitmapped graphic files. It
+will handle most of the popular bitmap formats. Graphic Workshop is a simple,
+menu driven environment which will let you perform the following operations on
+graphic files:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item View bitmap pictures
+\item Convert between any two bitmap formats
+\item Print the bitmap on almost all popular printers
+\item Dither colour pictures to black and white
+\item Reverse the colours
+\item Rotate the picture
+\item Flip the picture
+\item Scale the picture to any size
+\item Select a part of the graphic as a new picture
+\item Reduce the number of colours
+\item Sharpen and Soften the picture
+\item Adjust the brightness, contrast and colour balance of the bitmaps.
+\end{itemize}
+
+When the picture has more than 32 colours and you use the \emtex\ special
+command to include a graphic an error will appear when viewing or printing the
+picture. Too many colours will result in too black and unfocused pictures and
+it is much better to use \bmtofont\ to incorporate the picture into a \TeX\
+document.
+
+The problem with bitmap files is their fixed dimension, \ie the size of the
+picture will depend on the DVI-driver used. Suppose the bitmap file
+\filenaam{golfer.pcx} has dimensions $550\times 770$ dots. Using the picture
+and a 300 dpi DVI-driver the picture will have a width of $550/300=1.83
+\,\mbox{inch}=47\,\mbox{mm}$ and a height of $770/300=2.57\,\mbox{inch}=65
+\mbox{mm}$. Other DVI-drivers will result in different sizes. The bitmap file
+is now printed using:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{figure}
+\begin{center}
+ \setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
+ \begin{picture}(47,65)
+ \put(0,65){%
+ \special{em:graph golfer.pcx}}
+ \end{picture}
+\end{center}
+\caption{This is an example how to
+ use pictures in \emtex}
+\end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+In this example we use millimeters as the unit of
+measurement.
+Normally the picture \texttt{golfer.pcx}
+will be printed from the upper left
+corner of the picture box, but it
+should be printed from the lower left
+corner, therefore we need \verb'\put(0,65)'.
+The result is shown in Figure~\ref{golfer}.
+
+\emtex\ also supports a \PS\ \verb+\special+ command, but it will not
+view or print a \PS\ graphic file, except when you use a \PS\
+DVI-driver (\eg, \prognaam{dvips}) to print on a \PS\ printer.
+
+There are many macro packages that can help you insert \PS\
+files in your document, \eg\ \Psfig, a macro package written by
+T.J.~Darrell. With the help of a \PS\ DVI driver, figures are
+automatically scaled and positioned on the page, and the proper amount
+of space is reserved. To include a \PS\ picture, include the
+\texttt{psfig} style at the top of your document:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentstyle[11pt,psfig]{article}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent and, when you wish to include a figure, invoke the macro with, \eg,
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{figure}
+\begin{center}
+ \psfig{figure=%
+ tiger.ps,width=50mm,height=50mm}
+\end{center}
+\caption{The use of PSFIG to insert
+ a PS picture}
+\end{figure}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent and the result is shown in Figure~\ref{fig2}.
+
+Note that spaces in the arguments of the macro are not allowed. For a
+detailed discussion of all possibilities (\eg, rotation, scaling
+etc.) we refer to Darrell~(1992) and Goossens~(1993). The
+\texttt{psfig} macros will generate some
+\verb+\special+ commands to claim the correct space and size, and with a
+\PS\ DVI\ driver the picture will be printed correctly.
+
+\begin{figure*}
+\centerline{%
+\begin{minipage}[b]{.3\textwidth}
+\centerline{\psfig{figure=golfer,width=47mm}}
+ \caption{This is an example how to use pictures in
+ \emtex}\label{golfer}
+\end{minipage}
+\hfill
+\begin{minipage}[b]{.3\textwidth}
+\centerline{\psfig{figure=tiger,clip,width=50mm,height=50mm}}
+\caption{The use of PSFIG to insert a PS picture}\label{fig2}
+\end{minipage}
+\hfill
+\begin{minipage}[b]{.3\textwidth}
+\centerline{\psfig{figure=genesis,height=50mm,width=50mm}}
+ \caption{This is the file genesis.bmp converted to \TeX\ fonts}
+\end{minipage}
+}
+\end{figure*}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{BM2Font}\label{sec3}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\bmtofont\ is a program written by F.~Sowa and is used to convert bitmap
+pictures to \TeX\ fonts. These \TeX\ fonts can be read by the DVI-drivers and
+are used to view and print pictures. \bmtofont\ can convert the following
+bitmap pictures: PCX, GIF, BMP, IFF, LBM, TIFF, IMG, and CUT. For a detailed
+discussion how \bmtofont\ works and all the possible parameters we refer to
+the manual. Note that \bmtofont\ can produce several \TeX\ fonts (\ie bitmap
+fonts (extension \filenaam{.pk}) and \TeX\ font metric files (extension
+\filenaam{.tfm}) and that the bitmap fonts are resolution dependent.
+
+The command syntax of \bmtofont\ is \syntaxis{bm2font $<$bitmap file$>$
+[options]} The result of a command like
+\emph{bm2font example.pcx} is one or more font
+files, but also a file called \filenaam{example.tex}. This file
+\filenaam{example.tex} (written to the current directory) uses the picture
+fonts and defines a macro called \verb+\setexample+ (\ie consisting of the
+the word SET and the filename EXAMPLE (without file extension)). The picture
+is now produced simply by giving the command \verb+\input example.tex+ and the
+command \verb+\setexample+ on the location where you want the picture.
+
+We will end this section with an example. Suppose we have a BMP bitmap file
+\filenaam{genesis.bmp} and we want to convert this bitmap to \TeX\ fonts for
+the laserprinter (300 dpi). Running \bmtofont
+\syntaxis{bm2font genesis.bmp -h300 -v300 -m50 -n50}
+\noindent will result in
+one \TeX\ font metric file (\filenaam{genesisA.tfm}), one bitmap font
+(\filenaam{genesisA.pk}), and the \TeX\ file \filenaam{genesis.tex}
+containing the macro \verb+\setgenesis+. The parameters \texttt{-h}
+and \texttt{-v} are the horizontal and vertical resolution of the
+printer, the parameters
+\texttt{-m} and \texttt{-n} are the width and height you want the picture
+to be in millimeters. To produce the picture in the \TeX\ document we can use,
+\eg:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{figure}
+\centerline{\input genesis
+ \setgenesis}
+%the file genesis.tex contains
+%the macro \setgenesis
+\caption{This is the file genesis.bmp converted
+ to \TeX\ fonts}
+\end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\bmtofont\ gives excellent results and is easy to use. The only disadvantage is
+that you need to generate picture fonts for every printer you use. For example
+when you use a 300\,dpi laserprinter as well as a 600\,dpi \PS\ printer,
+\bmtofont\ will give you \filenaam{.pk} and \filenaam{.tfm} files with
+the same name but for different printers. So you have to do your own
+book-keeping, and track which font files you need for the printer you
+are using at the moment.
+
+\benadruk{Note}: if the length of the filename of the picture file is eight
+characters, the last character will be omitted for the construction of the
+\filenaam{.tfm} and \filenaam{.pk} files (because of the
+addition of the font numbers \filenaam{A}, \filenaam{B}, \ldots). For instance
+\filenaam{scrndump.pcx} will produce \filenaam{scrnduma.tfm},
+\filenaam{scrnduma.pk}, and \filenaam{scrndum.tex} and the macro is called
+\verb+\setscrndum+.
+
+\benadruk{Note}: No digits are allowed in the picture filename; \eg,
+\filenaam{screen1.pcx} has to be renamed to \filenaam{screenI.pcx}.
+
+When you have a PCL bitmap file (Hewlett Packard LaserJet and DeskJet
+graphic output) you can convert this file to a MSP or a PCX bitmap.
+The conversion is done by using E.~Mattes' conversion program
+\filenaam{PCLtoMSP}. After conversion you can use the a
+\verb|\special| command to include the graphic (see above) or the
+program \bmtofont\ to generate \TeX\ fonts. The syntax is easy, \eg
+\syntaxis{pcltomsp -qop graph.lj graph}
+\noindent converts the PCL file
+\filenaam{graph.lj} into the PCX file \filenaam{graph.pcx}, and
+does not display warnings or the program title.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{Hewlett Packard Plotter files and HP2xx}\label{sec4}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+Some graphics programs produce graphic files in the \benadruk{HPGL} format
+(Hewlett Packard Graphic Language). These are vector pictures specifically
+made for Hewlett Packard plotters. Because we can only use \PS\ and
+certain bitmap pictures in \TeX\ documents we need to convert such files. The
+extensions often used for HPGL files are \filenaam{.hpp}, \filenaam{.plt}, and
+\filenaam{.hpg} and are produced by, \eg, the programs \prognaam{Matlab},
+\prognaam{Gauss}, and \prognaam{Harvard Graphics}. To convert HPGL plotter
+files we use the program \hptoxx.
+
+\hptoxx\ is a freeware program from H.~Werntges and is used to print, view and
+convert HPGL plotfiles. We refer to the documentation for a detailed
+discussion of all the possibilities (\eg, rotation, picture size, pencolour,
+magnification etc.). \fortex\ uses \hptoxx\ to convert HPGL files to
+\benadruk{PCX\/} bitmap files and \benadruk{EPS\/} (Encapsulated PostScript)
+files. \hptoxx\ uses no environment variables, it reads and writes the files
+from the current directory. \hptoxx\ supports the $800\times 600$ super VGA
+modes (\eg, the Tseng ET4000 and the Trident SVGA). \hptoxx\ is easy to use
+and produces excellent quality. You can convert HPGL pictures to MF (\metafont\
+format), CAD (to be used with \texcad), EM (\emtex\ specials), EPIC (the
+Enhanced Picture style), IMG-, PBM-, PCL- and PCX-bitmaps and EPS PostScript
+pictures.
+
+Suppose we have a file \filenaam{test.hpg}. We can convert
+this file to a 300 dpi PCX bitmap file
+\filenaam{test.pcx} with height 100~mm (width is automatically calculated)
+using the command
+\syntaxis{hp2xx -mpcx -d300 -h100 -f test.pcx test.hpg}
+Instead of converting the picture to a PCX bitmap we can also
+convert it to an Encapsulated PostScript file (use \texttt{-meps} and
+\texttt{-f test.eps} instead of \texttt{-mpcx} and
+\texttt{-f test.pcx}). After conversion we
+can proceed as discussed above.
+
+As an example we show a Lotus picture that is printed as a HPGL file and then
+converted to a 300\,dpi PCX bitmap and a EPS picture using the syntax described
+above. After conversion we used the style file \filenaam{figures.sty} (see
+below) to print this picture (Figure~\ref{hp2xx}).
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{\PS\ and GhostScript}\label{sec5}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+If you want to view, print and manipulate \PS\ files and you do not have
+ \PS\ printer (or commercial software), we suggest to use the freeware
+program \ghostscript\ from Aladdin Enterprises. Using \ghostscript\ you can
+view and print \filenaam{.PS} and \filenaam{.EPS} \PS\ files on any
+screen and any printer. \ghostscript\ also supports the Tseng ET4000 and the
+Trident graphics card for viewing in super VGA mode. You can resize the
+picture to any length and width. You can also calculate the BoundingBox and
+convert the \PS\ picture to a PCX bitmap. This PCX bitmap can be used
+with the DVI drivers of \emtex\ to view and print the picture in \TeX\
+documents without using a \PS\ DVI-driver. For
+a detailed discussion how \ghostscript\ works we refer to the \ghostscript\
+documentation. Note that \ghostscript\ is freeware, is regularly updated and
+gives good results. The only disadvantage is perhaps that it is not very user
+friendly.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{The \protect\texttt{figures} style files}\label{sec6}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+The style file \figures\ is a modification of the \Psfig\ style file
+and is used in \fortex. It combines the possibility to print/view
+PCX pictures with the \emtex\ special commands, and to print
+\PS\ files as with \Psfig. By default (or when using the command
+\verb+\pcx+) \figures\ will try to use PCX
+picture files. When not found or when using the command \verb+\postscript+,
+\figures\ will look for \PS\ files (\filenaam{.EPS} and
+\filenaam{.PS}). This makes it possible to view/print pictures
+using the \emtex\ special commands and to print the pictures in a \TeX\
+document on any printer. To include a picture include the \figures\ style
+option at the top of your document:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentstyle[11pt,figures]{article}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent and, when you wish to include the figure (\filenaam{example.pcx} or
+\filenaam{example.eps}), call the macro like this:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \putfigure{%
+ figure=example,width=2in,height=3in}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Note that the extension of the picture file is not specified. All commands
+defined in the style file \Psfig\ are also available (see \eg\
+Goossens~(1993)). Some names of the macros of \Psfig\ are changed, \eg\
+\verb+\psfig+ is changed in \verb+\putfigure+ and some extra macros are added,
+\eg\ \verb+\pcx+ (use PCX files), \verb+\figurefull+ (the same as
+\verb+\psfull+); \verb+\figuredraft+ (the same as \verb+\psdraft+).
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{\fortex}\label{sec8}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+In the preceding sections we have discussed several ways to incorporate
+graphics in \TeX\ documents. These sections are summarized by a flow
+diagram (see Figure~\ref{fig5}).
+
+
+\begin{figure*}
+\doldimen\textwidth
+\begin{minipage}[t]{2in}
+\centerline{\psfig{figure=biasa,height=1.65383858in,width=1.96850394in}}
+ \caption{A HPGL picture converted to PCX or EPS}\label{hp2xx}
+\end{minipage}
+\advance\doldimen by -2in
+\begin{minipage}[t]{\doldimen}
+\unitlength=0.9mm
+\linethickness{0.4pt}
+\begin{picture}(145.00,120.00)
+\put(45.00,110.00){\framebox(25.00,10.00)[cc]{TeXCad}}
+\put(90.00,110.00){\dashbox{1.00}(25.00,10.00)[cc]{\LaTeX pic. env.}}
+\put(15.00,100.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{\bf Bitmap Pictures:}}
+\put(20.00,90.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{gif,iff,lbm}}
+\put(20.00,80.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{tiff,img,cut}}
+\put(20.00,70.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{pcx,bmp,msp}}
+\put(90.00,80.00){\dashbox{1.00}(25.00,10.00)[cc]{\TeX fonts}}
+\put(15.00,40.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{\bf Vector Pictures:}}
+\put(20.00,30.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{ps,eps}}
+\put(20.00,10.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{hpgl}}
+\put(45.00,30.00){\framebox(25.00,10.00)[cc]{Ghostscript}}
+\put(90.00,30.00){\dashbox{1.00}(25.00,10.00)[cc]{specials}}
+\put(45.00,10.00){\framebox(25.00,10.00)[cc]{HP2xx}}
+\put(90.00,10.00){\dashbox{1.00}(25.00,10.00)[cc]{PCX, EPS}}
+\put(70.00,115.00){\vector(1,0){20.00}}
+\put(70.00,85.00){\vector(1,0){20.00}}
+\put(70.00,35.00){\vector(1,0){20.00}}
+\put(70.00,15.00){\vector(1,0){20.00}}
+\put(100.00,20.00){\vector(0,1){10.00}}
+\put(120.00,50.00){\framebox(25.00,10.00)[cc]{document}}
+\put(20.00,50.00){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{pcl}}
+\put(45.00,50.00){\framebox(25.00,10.00)[cc]{PCLtoMSP}}
+\put(90.00,50.00){\dashbox{1.00}(24.00,10.00)[cc]{pcx,msp pict.}}
+\put(100.00,50.00){\vector(0,-1){10.00}}
+\put(45.00,70.00){\framebox(25.00,25.00)[cc]{BM2Font}}
+\put(115.00,35.00){\vector(1,1){15.00}}
+\put(115.00,85.00){\vector(1,-2){12.00}}
+\put(115.00,115.00){\vector(1,-4){13.67}}
+\put(38.00,70.00){\vector(3,-2){52.00}}
+\put(70.00,55.00){\vector(1,0){20.00}}
+\put(100.00,60.00){\vector(-4,3){30.00}}
+\put(90.00,20.00){\vector(-1,3){19.33}}
+\put(89.67,40.00){\vector(-1,2){20.33}}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{How to insert graphics (example of \texcad)}\label{fig5}
+\end{minipage}
+\end{figure*}
+
+The main problem of a user who wants to include a picture is that he/she needs
+to know which program to use and which parameters and commands one needs before
+one gets reasonable output. The \fortex\ workbench is developed to shield you
+from these dirty bits. The aim of \fortex\ is a simple menu based interface
+that lets the user choose between all available \TeX\ related programs and
+give some help wherever needed.
+
+The {\it GRAPHICS} utility of \fortex\ helps you incorporating pictures. All
+the programs discussed above are used, but a user does not need to remember all
+the (program specific) parameters. Simply choosing from an options list one can
+specify the parameters. Often this is not necessary because most parameters
+are set automatically (\eg\ the printer resolution). Often the user only needs
+to specify the size of the picture and then {\it convert} the picture.
+Converting means that the correct programs are called and that the result is a
+\TeX\ file that can be used to insert the picture in your document.
+When for instance we convert the file \filenaam{acad.hpp}, \fortex\
+will end the conversion by telling the user that the picture may be
+inserted simply by adding the style file \filenaam{figures.sty} and
+using the statement:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{figure}
+ \centerline{\input ACAD}
+ \caption{your title}
+\end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+In this way a uniform approach to inserting pictures is reached, \ie
+it does not matter if you use \prognaam{HP2xx}, \prognaam{BM2Font},
+\prognaam{PCLtoMSP}, or \prognaam{GhostScript}. After conversion only one
+simple input statement is enough.
+
+\fortex\ also makes it possible to view and manipulate the picture. Viewing is
+also possible in super VGA modes. For instance a \PS\ picture can be
+rotated, a BoundingBox can be calculated and \fortex\ magnifies the picture
+so that it will fit the specified size exactly. The same holds for HPGL
+pictures. Bitmap pictures can be manipulated using \prognaam{Graphic
+WorkShop}. \fortex, however, uses the shareware program \filenaam{CSHOW} to
+view bitmaps.
+
+All the necessary bookkeeping is done by \fortex. For instance the fonts
+(\filenaam{*.pk} and \filenaam{*.tfm}) are stored in the correct directories
+and the conversion file is stored on the current working directory.
+
+The conversions of pictures is done in such a way that it allows you to view
+and print the \TeX\ document with the pictures on any screen or printer. When
+you want to use a \PS\ printer you simple need to include the command
+\verb+\postscript+ in the document. The conclusion therefore must be that with
+\fortex\ the inclusion of graphics has become an easy job.
+
+\section*{\refname}
+\begin{description}
+\newlength{\localindent}
+\setlength{\localindent}{\itemindent}
+\setlength{\itemindent}{-1.0cm}
+
+\item[]
+Darrell,~T. (1992),
+\emph{psfig 1.8 users guide},
+available from public file-servers.
+
+\item[]
+Goossens,~M. (1993),
+ ``PostScript en {\LaTeX}, de komplimentariteit in de
+ praktijk\nolinebreak[4]'',
+{\em {MAPS} Ne\-der\-lands\-ta\-lige {\TeX}\ Gebrui\-kers\-groep}, {\bf 93.1},
+ 101--113.
+
+\item[]
+Horn,~G. (1990),
+{\em {\TeX}cad Version 2.8},
+available from public file-servers.
+
+\item[]
+Mattes,~E. (1992),
+{\em \prognaam{DVIDRV} 1.4{\it s} manual},
+available from public file-servers.
+
+\end{description}
+\setlength{\itemindent}{\localindent}
+\end{Article}
+\endinput