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diff --git a/macros/plain/contrib/samples/apjstyle.tex b/macros/plain/contrib/samples/apjstyle.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5eee43afe8 --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/plain/contrib/samples/apjstyle.tex @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ +% +% Removing the ` % ' from the beginning of the third line leads to a 1.2 +% magnification of the output (same margins of course). +% \magnification=1200 + +\input bobmacro % This loads the macrofile `bobmacro.tex' which contains + % some useful definitions, like the `\titl \endtitl' + % which follows. ` % ' tells tex to ignore the rest of + % the line, enabling one to make comments. If the file + % you want to load is not in your current directory, + % use:`\input tex$sub:[examples]bobmacro.tex' for example. + +\titl \centerline{EXAMPLE OF A MANUSCRIPT WITH A TWO-LINE TITLE} + \centerline{PREPARED FOR \TeX$^1$} \endtitl + +\centerline{William H. Press\footnote\dag{Revised for \TeX82 + by Bob Jantzen}} +\centerline{Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics} +\Received % See bobmacro.tex + +\vfill % This expands the vertical space here to push my title footnote + % to the bottom of the page. The command `\footnote' squeezes in + % after that though. + +$^1$Not supported in part by any finding agency known to +man or beast, except possibly Harvard University, one of our finest +old institutions. + +\par\eject % Normally an explicit page end is marked by `\par\vfill\eject' + % which ends the last paragraph, fills up the remainder of the + % page with blank space and ends the page, but if more than one + % `\vfill' occurs on a page, they each fill up their share of + % the remaining space, so in this example, our title footnote + % would not be pushed to the bottom of the page. + +\ABSTRACT % see bobmacro.tex +We here give a detailed example of a manuscript prepared for submission +to {\it The Astrophysical Journal} using the \TeX\ language and a standard +file containing macro definitions. +\blankline % see bobmacro.tex +{\it Subject headings:} stars: Hollywood -- data: irreproducible + +\par\vfill\eject + +\sect \centerline{I. INTRODUCTION} \endsect % see bobmacro.tex + +This is the introduction. We can use it to try out a few bells and +whistles. First notice that it doesn't make any difference whether +I indent the paragragh. \TeX\ does so anyway. + + A new paragragh is signaled by two returns in a row, or by an +explicit marking such as occurs here:\par + So, this will be the third paragragh. \it I have just changed +to italic type. \rm Now back to roman. \sl Now to slanted roman. +\bf Now to boldface. \rm If I want to change only {\it temporily}, +that can be done too. Underlining, if desired \textunderline{can be done +like this}, but this doesn't always work. Later on you will understand +why. For those of you who actually prefer typewriters, {\tt there is even +a way to do that}. + +\subsect \centerline{a.\qquad Subsection Heading} \endsubsect % see bobmacro.tex + + This is a subsection. It has no real purpose, but I suppose +I could use it to explain some things. Many features of \TeX\ can only +be used in ``math mode", i.e. typed between dollar signs. This includes +come common things like superscripts:word$^{superword}$; +subscripts: $word_{subword}$ all between dollar signs, as you see. +But do notice that in math mode, \TeX\ switches into italics. If you +don't want this, you have to type word$^{\hbox{superword}}$. + +\doublespace +My next paragragh ought to come out in double space. This uses a +command that is not universal, but rather is defined in my macro file +`bobmacro.tex', the one included by the command ``$\backslash$input +bobmacro" at the beginning of this input file. Incidentally, if you have +typed something in lower case, or mixed lower and upper, \uppercase{and you +really intended it to be in all caps}, then you can correct it +easily as shown. Similarly \lowercase{FOR SOMETHING TYPED IN ALL CAPS} +which should have been in lowercase. + +\singlespace +\blankline +Notice that the change to singlespace comes between two paragraphs, and +that it would have produced only a single space between them. To get +the double space, I have to have the extra ``blankline". +This is the final paragraph in the subsection, indeed in the whole +introduction. As befits an introduction, I have no mathematics in +the introduction, although I might have (in line in the text) some +$\alpha$'s, $\beta$'s and $\gamma$'s, +and a $\leq$ (note use of math mode); and perhaps a \$ \ or two (\$ \$). +Also note that in \S II. below we will have more math. +Don't ever do this, but actually I can get away with \alpha\ as well as +$\alpha$, but only because I have a fancy definition in my macro file. + +\sect \centerline{II. MATHEMATICS} \endsect + + Well, now we come to the really fun part, namely the setting of +mathematics. It is incredibly easy. Just remember that you are either +in horizontal mode (for typing text like right now), or (between \$ 's) +in math mode (for typing in-line formulae +like $F=(\int f(x) dx)^{\xi}$, or between \$ \$ 's) in math +display mode, which produces set off equations like $$ \Phi = {a+b \over +c+d}.$$ Notice that I don't actually set off the equation in the input +equation in the input file, although there is nothing wrong with doing so: +$${numerator \over denominator}=easy$$ +Be careful to use a backslash before sin, cos, exp and similar: +$$\sin (x) \qquad and \ not \qquad sin (x)$$ +(where $\backslash$qquad is, as you can see, a biggish space; and +backslash-space is a smallish space -- in math mode all plain spaces are +ignored!). + +Equation numbers are equally easy: just have an eqno command +before the closing \$ \$ 's, +$$E=mc^{2} \eqno(14b)$$. % Notice where the period ends up. + % Instead `\ .' should have preceded `\eqno' + +Now for some fancier examples: + +We might need sums, +$$\sum_{n=1}^{n=\infty}(a+b)! = {\partial f \over \partial x} \eqno(15)$$ +or integrals, +$$\int_{0}^{1}x^{\alpha -1}(1-x)^{\beta - 1} dx$$ +or matrices, +$$ A= \pmatrix{1&0&0\cr 0&x+1&y\cr 0&0&1\cr} $$ +or absolute value bars (known as ``verticals"), +$$ |x| = \left|{e^{-x^2}}\over \sin (x) + + 0.5 \cos (x)\right| \quad.$$ +Notice how I can just continue typing the formula on as many lines +as it happens to take. Spaces within \$ \$ 's never matter, so I can +indent subsequent lines for readibility. + +Other large ``enclosers" are similar: +$$ \left( {a+b\over c+d} \right) \qquad \left[ {e+f \over g+h}\right] + \qquad \left\{ {i+j \over k+l} \right\} $$ +(Braces are special since you aren't allowed to type the actual +character $\{$ except as a group delimiter in the input file.) + + Alignment can be complicated, but most situations can be handled +using the eqalign command, +$$\eqalign{ + a_1+b_1w+c_1w^2 &= \alpha + \beta \cr + b_2x+c_2x^2 &= 0. \cr } \eqno(30)$$ +Here I have lined up the ampersand-equals in the input file, but there +is no reason to do this other than clarity. It is the ampersand which +causes \TeX\ to line things up (along with, of course, the eqalign command +itself), not the spacing of the input file. +Another example is, +$$\eqalignno{ + X&=a+b&(31)\cr + Y+Z+W&=c&(32)\cr }$$ +i.e., use eqalignno when you want equation numbers on each line, and +$$\eqalignno{ + f(x)&=(x-1)(x+1)\cr + &=x^2-1&(33)\cr}$$ +which shows how a lefthand side and/or an equation number can be absent. +\blankline\indent + This is as good a place as any to list all the special symbols +(that I know and consider useful at this time, but check +the {\TeX}book for the rest) and the commands +for them. Be sure to remember that most special symbols only work +in math mode, between \$ 's! + +\halign{ \lft{$\backslash$#}\quad & \lft{$#$}\qquad + & \lft{$\backslash $#}\quad & \lft{$#$}\qquad + & \lft{$\backslash $#}\quad & \lft{$#$}\qquad + & \lft{$\backslash $#}\quad & \lft{$#$}\qquad \cr +alpha&\alpha&beta&\beta&gamma&\gamma&delta&\delta\cr +epsilon&\epsilon&zeta&\zeta&eta&\eta&theta&\theta\cr +iota&\iota&kappa&\kappa&lambda&\lambda&mu&\mu\cr +nu&\nu&xi&\xi&?&o&pi&\pi\cr +rho&\rho&sigma&\sigma&tau&\tau&upsilon&\upsilon\cr +phi&\phi&chi&\chi&psi&\psi&omega&\omega\cr +varepsilon&\varepsilon&vartheta&\vartheta&varpi&\varpi&varrho&\varrho\cr +varsigma&\varsigma&varphi&\varphi&{}&{}&ell&\ell\cr +Gamma&\Gamma&Delta&\Delta&Theta&\Theta&Lambda&\Lambda\cr +Xi&\Xi&Pi&\Pi&Sigma&\Sigma&Upsilon&\Upsilon\cr +Phi&\Phi&Psi&\Psi&Omega&\Omega&cdots&\cdots\cr +Gammait&\Gammait&Deltait&\Deltait&Thetait&\Thetait&Lambdait&\Lambdait\cr +Xiit&\Xiit&Piit&\Piit&Sigmait&\Sigmait&Upsilonit&\Upsilonit\cr +Phiit&\Phiit&Psiit&\Psiit&Omegait&\Omegait&ldots&\ldots\cr +Ascr&\Ascr&Bscr&\Bscr&...etc...&{}&Zscr&\Zscr\cr +pm&\pm&mp&\mp×&\times&div&\div\cr +backslash&\backslash&cdot&\cdot&oplus&\oplus&ominus&\ominus\cr +otimes&\otimesø&\oslash&odot&\odot&ast&\ast\cr +circ&\circ&bullet&\bullet&uparrow&\uparrow&downarrow&\downarrow\cr +vert&\vert&|&\|&ll&\ll&gg&\gg\cr +simeq&\simeq&approx&\approx&langle&\langle&rangle&\rangle\cr +sum&\sum&int&\int&oint&\oint&prod&\prod\cr +infty&\infty&prime&\prime&partial&\partial&nabla&\nabla\cr +S&\hbox{\S}&dagger&\dagger&ddagger&\ddagger&P&\hbox{\P}\cr +\$&\$&sim&\sim&leftarrow&\leftarrow&rightarrow&\rightarrow\cr +equiv&\equiv&leq&\leq&geq&\geq&$\#$&\#\cr +forall&\forall&exists&\exists&\%&\%& \& & \& \cr +heartsuit&\heartsuit&Re&\Re&bot&\bot&flat&\flat\cr +emptyset&\emptyset&cup&\cup&star&\star&...etc...&{}\cr} + + +\blankline\indent + Of course, the symbols ?,/,+,!,=,`,',",and `` can be +typed directly from the keyboard as indicated (except that `` is +actually two sequential single accent graves), but $<$ and $>$ must +be in math mode or you will get < and > respectively. +Also note: -, --, ---, +ff, fi, fl, ffi, ffl, \ss , \ae , \AE , \oe , \OE , \o , \O , \aa , \AA. +There are more of these in the {\TeX}book. +I can't find anything for the semidirect product. Shucks. + +Whew, that was a lot of symbol typing.\footnote*{ +We have been using PLAIN \TeX\ and a couple of macros from +the file bobmacro.tex which contains the definitions of a few +useful commands. Notice that the `$\backslash$footnote' macro provided by +plain.tex is not very satisfactory. See page 416 of the {\TeX}book.} + +\REFERENCES +\ref Aardvark, J.M. and Blather, R.P. 1982, {\it Proc. Roy. Soc. +Madagascar}, {\bf 234}, 492. (Also translated in {\it Sov. Phys. Uspekhi}, +{\bf 34}, 879. +\ref Null, N.N. and None, N. 1972, {\it Ap. J.}, {\bf 186}, 24. + +% The ampersand can be used to make comments which will be ignored by \TeX. +% This remark will never appear in your \TeX\ output. +% If you want bigger print, try putting \magnification=1200 at the beginning. +% This magnifies the fonts by a factor of 1.2. +% And also \oneandahalfspace after that if you want a little more space +% between lines. Or even \doublespace. + +\sect APPENDIX\endsect + +For those people who insist on doing a lot of index juggling, the command +``$\backslash$null" which stands for an empty box (namely +$\backslash$hbox$\{\}$) is very useful because it ends the previous symbol and +any subscripts or superscripts which follow then are placed at the normal +levels instead of climbing up or down if the previous symbol sticks up or down +too far. It also allows alignment of up and down indices necessary for +raising and lowering indices with a metric +$$\eqalign{ &\Gamma^{\alpha}\null_{\beta\gamma}\quad \hbox{instead of} + \quad \Gamma^{\alpha}_{\beta\gamma}\cr + &\undersim{\tilde{R}}\null^{\alpha}\null_{\beta\gamma}\null^{\delta} + \quad \hbox{instead of}\quad \undersim{\tilde R}^{\alpha}_{\beta\gamma}\null + ^{\delta}\quad.\cr}$$ +If there had not been a $\backslash$null in the last symbol a ``double +subscript" error would have resulted so this command allows you to get around +the ``no double subscript" rule. If a subscript shoud not be shrunk in size, +$\backslash$hbox can be used to prevent the shrinking +$$\nabla_{\hbox{$e_a$}}\thinspace e_b=\Gamma^c\null_{ab}e_c\quad.$$ + +\bye + + |