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-\chapter{Preparing to Enter Notes}\label{preparing}
- \section{After the setup, what next?}
-
-The command \keyindex{startmuflex} initiates the serious business of
-\musixtex. On the first \TeX\ pass it
-opens \ital{jobname}{\tt .mx1} for writing bar-by-bar tabulations of all
-hard and scalable space to be fed to \verb|musixflx| on the second pass.
-\verb|musixflx| generates \ital{jobname}{\tt .mx2} which defines the
-number of bars in each system and the factors relating scalable space
-to hard space in each system. On the third pass both files will be opened
-and read to define the final spacing. These files should be closed before
-leaving \TeX, preferably before
-\keyindex{bye} or \keyindex{end}, with \keyindex{endmuflex}. Normally \TeX\
-closes all open files on its own when terminating the program, but it is still
-cleaner to do this explicitly.
-
-After \verb|\startmuflex|, the command \keyindex{startpiece} will initiate
-the first system, containing all instruments you have previously defined.
-The indentation will be \keyindex{parindent}, so if you want nonzero
-indentation, this register should be set to the desired hard dimension
-before issuing \verb|\startpiece|.
-
- \section{Horizontal spacing commands}\label{newspacings}
-\subsection{Basic note spacing}
-\musixtex\ provides a set of macros each of which defines a particular
-increment of scalable spacing. The default set is tabulated in
-Figure~\ref{spacingtable}.
-\begin{table}
-\begin{small}
-\begin{center}
-\tinynotesize
-\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}% I hate LaTeX (attributed to Daniel Taupin)
-\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l@{~~~~}l|}
-\multicolumn{1}{c}{Usage}&
-\multicolumn{1}{c}{spacing}&
-\multicolumn{2}{c}{Suggested use}\\\hline
-\keyindex{znotes}\verb| ... & ... & ... \en|&(non spacing)
- &&specials\\
-\keyindex{notes}\verb| ... & ... & ... \en|&\verb=2=\keyindex{elemskip}
- &\ccu1&16th\\
-\keyindex{notesp}\verb| ... & ... & ... \en|&\verb=2.5\elemskip=
- &\pt1\ccu1&dotted 16th, 8th triplet\\
-\keyindex{Notes}\verb| ... & ... & ... \en|&\verb=3\elemskip=
- &\cu1&8th\\
-\keyindex{Notesp}\verb| ... & ... & ... \en|&\verb=3.5\elemskip=
- &\cup1&dotted 8th, quarter triplet\\
-\keyindex{NOtes}\verb| ... & ... & ... \en|&\verb=4\elemskip=
- &\qu1&quarter\\
-\keyindex{NOtesp}\verb| ... & ... & ... \en|&\verb=4.5\elemskip=
- &\qup1&dotted quarter, half triplet\\
-\keyindex{NOTes}\verb| ... & ... & ... \en|&\verb=5\elemskip=
- &\hu1&half\\
-\keyindex{NOTesp}\verb| ... & ... & ... \en|&\verb=5.5\elemskip=
- &\hup1&dotted half\\
-\keyindex{NOTEs}\verb| ... & ... & ... \en|&\verb=6\elemskip=
- &\wh1&whole\\\hline
-\end{tabular}\end{center}
-\end{small}
-\caption{Spacing Commands}
-\label{spacingtable}
-\end{table}
-What each of these macros actually does is to set an
-internal dimension register \keyindex{noteskip} to the given multiple
-of the fundamental spacing unit \keyindex{elemskip}
-(which has dimensions of length, usually given in points).
-Normally, every \itxem{spacing note} (e.g.,
-\keyindex{qu},
-\keyindex{qb}, \keyindex{hl}) will then be followed by a spacing of
-width \keyindex{noteskip}. By selecting a particular note spacing macro
-from the above table, the typesetter can thus control the relative spacing
-between notes.
-
-The actual spacing will therefore be determined by the value of
-\verb|\elemskip|. On the first pass, \TeX\ will set a default value for
-\verb|\elemskip| based on the declared music size, or the user can
-set it to any hard dimension he chooses. However, the value on the
-first pass doesn't matter as much as you might think (more about that later).
-On the second pass,
-\verb|musixflx| determines where the system breaks will come,
-and then computes the final value of \verb|\elemskip| for each system.
-
-If the arithmetic progression of note spacings in the above table does not
-meet your wishes, you may activate an alternate set with
-the command \keyindex{geometricskipscale}. As implied by the name, this
-is a geometric progression, where {\Bslash Notes} is
-$\sqrt{2}$ times wider than {\Bslash notes}, {\Bslash NOtes} is $\sqrt{2}$
-times wider than {\Bslash Notes}, and so forth.
-Then the factors in the middle column
-of the above table will be replaced by the sequence
-$2.00$, $2.38$, $2.83$, $3.36$, $4.00$, $4.76$, $5.66$, $6.72$, and $8.00$. Two additional
-macros, \verb|\NOTEsp| and \verb|\NOTES|, will be defined corresponding to
-factors $9.52$ and $11.32$. The original arithmetic progression can be
-restored by \keyindex{arithmeticskipscale}.
-
-If neither of the predefined progressions satisfies you, you may define
-your own, using the more general macro \verb|\vnotes| in the same manner
-that \musixtex\ uses it for the predefined progressions. So for example
-\verb|\def\NOtes{\vnotes5.34\elemskip}| will redefine \verb|\NOtes| in
-the obvious way, and the extension to the other spacing macros should
-likewise be obvious.
-The following abbreviations may be useful:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{tabular}{lcl}
- \keyindex{nnotes} &for&\verb|\vnotes1.6\elemskip|\\
- \keyindex{nnnotes} &for&\verb|\vnotes1.28\elemskip|
-\end{tabular}
-\end{quote}
-
-In addition, inside any pair \verb|\notes...\en| there are two
-equivalent ways to
-locally redefine \verb|\noteskip| to another scalable value, namely by
-issuing a command like
-\verb|\noteskip=2.4\noteskip| or \keyindex{multnoteskip}\verb|{2.4}|, which
-have the expected effect until the notes group is terminated or
-\verb|\noteskip| is further redefined.
-Finally, by issuing a command like
-\keyindex{scale}\verb|{2.4}| outside any notes group, you can scale all subsequent
-\verb|\noteskip|s by any desired factor.
-
-These facilities may be useful, for example,
-to control spacing when there are three equal duration notes in one staff against two
- in another.
-
-
-%\subsection{\Bslash{\tt elemskip}, \Bslash{\tt beforeruleskip} and
-%\Bslash{\tt afterruleskip}}
-%
-% avr wants to call these "commands", but das doesn't.
-%\subsection{Commands {\Bslash\texttt{elemskip}},
-%{\Bslash\texttt{beforeruleskip}}
-%and {\Bslash\texttt{afterruleskip}}}
-%\subsection{{\Bslash\texttt{elemskip}},
-%{\Bslash\texttt{beforeruleskip}}
-%and {\Bslash\texttt{afterruleskip}}}
-
-\subsection{Before and after rule skips}
-
-
-We've just seen how \verb|\elemskip| is used to scale the spacings between notes.
-There are two other spacing units that share some behavior with \verb|\elemskip|:
-\verb|\beforeruleskip| is the horizontal space that is automatically inserted
-\ital{before} every bar line, while \verb|\afterruleskip| goes \ital{after}
-every bar line. (In
-practice \verb|\beforeruleskip| is almost aways set to \verb|0pt| because there
-will typically already be a space of \verb|1\noteskip| before every barline.)
-On the first pass, just as with \verb|\elemskip|, \musixtex\ assigns them default
-values according to the following table:
-
-%\begin{quote}\begin{tabular}{lrrr}\hline
-%\ital{using}&\keyindex{elemskip}&\keyindex{afterruleskip}
-% &\keyindex{beforeruleskip}\\\hline
-%\keyindex{normalmusicsize}&6pt&8pt&0pt\\
-%\keyindex{smallmusicsize}&4.8pt&6pt&0pt\\\hline
-%\end{tabular}\end{quote}
-
-\begin{center}\begin{tabular}{lrrr}\hline
-\ital{using}&\keyindex{elemskip}&\keyindex{afterruleskip}
- &\keyindex{beforeruleskip}\\\hline
-\keyindex{normalmusicsize}&{\tt 6pt}&{\tt 8pt}&{\tt 0pt}\\
-\keyindex{smallmusicsize}&{\tt 4.8pt}&{\tt 6pt}&{\tt 0pt}\\\hline
-\end{tabular}\end{center}
-
-\noindent In the second pass, \verb|musixflx| assigns new values to each
-of these dimensions, a different set for each line or system. It does this
-in such a way that available scalable horizontal space in each system is
-exactly filled up.
-
-The values that are assigned to these dimensions on the first pass, whether by
-default or explicitly by the user or in some combination, only matter insofar
-as their relative sizes. That's why we earlier stated that the first-pass value
-of \verb|\elemskip| didn't matter as much as you might think. For both music sizes
-in the table above, it appears that by default \verb|\afterruleskip| is
-\verb|1.3333\elemskip|\footnote{Editor's note: It is a mystery why the authors
-%of \musixtex\ didn't simply define \Bslash{\tt beforeruleskip} and \Bslash{\tt afterruleskip} as
-%specific multiples of \Bslash{\tt elemskip}}.
-of \musixtex\ didn't simply define \Bslash\texttt{beforeruleskip} and \Bslash\texttt{afterruleskip} as
-specific multiples of \Bslash\texttt{elemskip}.}.
-
-Note that if you do want to change any of these
-values, you have to do so \ital{after} setting the
-music size and before \verb|\startpiece|.
-
-Here is an example that illustrates the various dimensions under discussion:\\
- %\check
-\begin{music}\nostartrule
-\afterruleskip7pt
-\beforeruleskip2pt
-\parindent0pt
-\setclefsymbol1\empty
-% special problems afford special solutions
-\makeatletter\global\clef@skip\z@ \makeatother
-\startpiece
-\zchar{16}{\hbox to\afterruleskip{\downbracefill}}%
-\zchar{19}{\hbox to\afterruleskip{\hss a\hss}}%
-\addspace\afterruleskip
-\zchar{16}{\hbox to2\elemskip{\downbracefill}}%
-\zchar{19}{\hbox to2\elemskip{\hss b\hss}}%
-\zchar{3}{\hbox to\elemskip{\upbracefill}\hbox to\elemskip{\upbracefill}}%
-\zchar{-1}{\hbox to\elemskip{\hss e\hss}\hbox to\elemskip{\hss e\hss}}%
-\notes\qa l\en
-\znotes\en
-\zchar{16}{\hbox to4\elemskip{\downbracefill}}%
-\zchar{19}{\hbox to4\elemskip{\hss c\hss}}%
-\zchar{3}{\hbox to\elemskip{\upbracefill}\hbox to\elemskip{\upbracefill}%
- \hbox to\elemskip{\upbracefill}\hbox to\elemskip{\upbracefill}}%
-\zchar{-1}{\hbox to\elemskip{\hss e\hss}\hbox to\elemskip{\hss e\hss}%
- \hbox to\elemskip{\hss e\hss}\hbox to\elemskip{\hss e\hss}}%
-\NOtes\qa l\en
-\znotes\en
-\zchar{16}{\hbox to\beforeruleskip{\downbracefill}}%
-\zchar{19}{\hbox to\beforeruleskip{\hss d\hss}}%
-\setemptybar\endpiece
-\end{music}
-\begin{quote}\begin{tabular}{l@{~$\rightarrow$~}l}
-a&\keyindex{afterruleskip}\\
-b&\keyindex{notes}\verb| = \vnotes 2\elemskip|\\
-c&\keyindex{NOtes}\verb| = \vnotes 4\elemskip|\\
-d&\keyindex{beforeruleskip}\\
-e&\keyindex{elemskip}
-\end{tabular}\end{quote}
-
-\section{Moving from one staff or instrument to another}
- \label{movingtostaffs}
-
-When entering notes inside \verb|\notes ... \en|, the usual way to suspend
-input for one instrument and start the next (higher) is with the character
-``\verb|&|''\index{"&@{\tt\char'046}}. If the instrument has more than one
-staff, to switch to the next (higher) one you can use the character
-``\verb+|+''\index{\tt\char'174@{\tt\char'174}}.
-
-There are some alternate navigation commands that may be useful in
- special situations. Due to ``catcode
-problems'' (see Section~\ref{catcodeprobs}) it may sometimes be necessary
-to use the more explicit commands
-\keyindex{nextinstrument} and \keyindex{nextstaff}, which have the same
-meanings as ``\verb|&|'' and ``\verb+|+'' respectively. To switch to the previous
-(next lower) staff of the same instrument, use \keyindex{prevstaff}. This might
-be useful if a beam starts in a higher staff than where it ends. More
-generally, to switch to an arbitrary instrument $n$, use
-\keyindex{selectinstrument}\onen, and to switch to an arbitrary staff $n$
-of the current instrument, use \keyindex{selectstaff}\verb|{|$n$\verb|}|. In the
-latter case if $n$ exceeds the number of staves defined for the instrument, you
-will receive an error message. You can enter part of a successive voice on
-the \ital{same} staff by using \verb|\selectstaff{|$n$\verb|}| with $n$ for
-the \ital{current} staff.
-
-
-\section{Automatic note spacing}
-\label{autosp}
-
-A preprocessor called \texttt{autosp}\index{autosp@{\tt autosp}} automates the generation
-of note-spacing commands by converting (non-standard) commands
-of the form \verb|\anotes ... \en| into one or more conventional
-note-spacing commands, as determined by the note values
-themselves, with \verb|\sk| spacing commands inserted as necessary.
-The coding for an entire measure can be entered one part at
-a time, without concern for note-spacing changes within the
-part or spacing requirements of other parts.
-For example, from the input
-\begin{verbatim}
- \anotes\qa J\qa K&\ca l\qa m\ca n\en
-\end{verbatim}
-\texttt{autosp} generates
-\begin{verbatim}
- \Notes\qa J\sk\qa K\sk&\ca l\qa m\sk\ca n\en
-\end{verbatim}
-\texttt{autosp} also supports non-standard commands for adding ``global''
-skips (i.e., in every staff) and centered whole-bar rests.
-
-As an option, \emph{all} note-spacing commands (except \verb|\znotes|
-and \verb|\vnotes|) will be processed similarly; this is useful for correcting
-the spacing in single-instrument parts extracted from a multi-instrument score;
-see Section~\ref{musixtnt}.
-
-The \texttt{autosp} package is available in
-\href{https://www.tug.org/texlive/}{\underline{TeXLive}}
-and
-\href{http://miktex.org/}{\underline{MiKTeX}}, and
-can also be found at
-the \href{http://icking-music-archive.org/software/autosp/autosp.zip}
-{\underline{Werner Icking Music Archive}}
-or at
-\href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/support/autosp.zip}{\underline{CTAN}}
-(the Comprehensive \TeX\ Archive Network).
-