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+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+
+\documentclass[final]{ltxguide}[1995/11/28]
+%\usepackage{draftcopy}
+
+\makeatletter
+\def\setitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+ \leftmargini\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargini\labelsep
+ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep}}
+\def\setitemitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+ \leftmarginii\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmarginii\labelsep
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+ \parsep=\parskip
+ \topsep=\z@
+ \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+%
+% adjusted environment "description"
+% if an optional parameter (at the first two levels of lists)
+% is present, its width is considered to be the widest mark
+% throughout the current list.
+\def\description{\@ifnextchar[{\@describe}{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@
+ \itemindent-\leftmargin \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}}
+%
+\def\describelabel#1{#1\hfil}
+\def\@describe[#1]{\relax\ifnum\@listdepth=0
+\setitemindent{#1}\else\ifnum\@listdepth=1
+\setitemitemindent{#1}\fi\fi
+\list{--}{\let\makelabel\describelabel}}
+\DeleteShortVerb{\|}
+\renewenvironment{decl}[1][]%
+ {\par\small\addvspace{2.3ex}%
+ \vskip -\parskip
+ \ifx\relax#1\relax
+ \def\@decl@date{}%
+ \else
+ \def\@decl@date{\NEWfeature{#1}}%
+ \fi
+ \noindent\hspace{-\leftmargini}%
+ \begin{tabular}{|l|}\hline\ignorespaces}%
+ {\\\hline\end{tabular}\nobreak\@decl@date\par\nobreak
+ \vspace{2.3ex plus 1ex}\vskip -\parskip}
+\MakeShortVerb{\|}
+%
+\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \parskip 0\p@ \@plus 1\p@
+ \parsep 0\p@ \@plus\p@
+ \topsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@
+ \itemsep0\p@\relax}
+\@listI
+\setlength{\parskip}{\medskipamount}
+\makeatother
+\newcommand{\SJour}{\textsc{SVJour}}
+
+\title{The \SJour\ document class users guide\\supplement for\\
+\textit{Annales Geophysicae}}
+
+\author{\copyright~1999, Springer Verlag Heidelberg\\
+ All rights reserved.}
+
+\date{05 January 1999}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+This document describes the \textit{agp} option for the
+\SJour\ \LaTeXe\ document class. For details on
+manuscript handling and the review process we refer to the
+\emph{Instructions for authors} in the printed journal. For style
+matters please consult previous issues of the journal.
+
+\section{Initializing the class}
+\label{sec:opt}
+
+As explained in the main \emph{Users guide} you can
+begin a document for \emph{Annales Geophysicae} by including
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \documentclass[agp]{svjour}
+\end{verbatim}
+as the first line in your text. All other options are also described in
+the main \emph{User guide}.
+
+\section{Changes to the \SJour\ class standard}
+
+As the abstract of your article is to appear in the header section,
+it must be coded before the \verb|\maketitle| command. Do not use the
+\verb|\begin{abstract}| \dots \verb|\end{abstract}| environment of
+standard \LaTeX. Instead proceed as you do for the other
+front matter declarations:
+\begin{decl}
+|\abstract| \arg{Text of your abstract}
+\end{decl}
+The standard key words are also part of the frontmatter please code
+them at the end but still inside the \verb|\abstract{...}| area.
+
+\section{Changed bibliographic environment\\
+for {\tt natbib} usage}
+
+\subsection*{Overview}
+
+The {\tt natbib}\footnote{Natbib coding copyright (C) 1994--1998 Patrick
+W. Daly. This file may be used for non-profit purposes. It may not be
+distributed in exchange for money, other than distribution costs.}
+package is a reimplementation of the \LaTeX\ \verb|\cite|\
+command, to work with author-year citations. It is compatible with the
+standard bibliographic style files, such as {\tt plain.bst}, as well as
+ith those of {\tt harvard, apalike, chicago, astron, authordate}, and of
+course {\tt natbib}.
+
+\subsection*{Loading}
+
+A Loading with \verb|\usepackage[|{\it options}\verb|]{natbib}| is not
+needed. All {\tt natbib} options and citations styles are implemented
+for usage with the {\tt agp}-option.
+
+\subsection*{Basic commands}
+
+The {\tt natbib} package has two basic citation commands, \verb|\citet|
+and \verb|\citep| for {\it textual} and {\it parenthetical} citations,
+respectively. All of these may take one or two optional arguments to add
+some text before and after the citation.
+
+\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{10pt}$\Rightarrow$\hspace{10pt}}l}
+\verb|\citet{jon90}| &Jones et al. (1990)\\
+\verb|\citet[chap.~2]{jon90}| &Jones et al. (1990, chap. 2)\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\verb|\citep{jon90}| &(Jones et al., 1990)\\
+\verb|\citep[chap.~2]{jon90}| &(Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)\\
+\verb|\citep[see][]{jon90}| &(see Jones et al., 1990)\\
+\verb|\citep[see][chap.~2]{jon90}| &(see Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)\\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\subsection*{Multiple citations}
+
+Multiple citations may be made as usual, by including more than one citation
+key in the \verb|\cite| command argument.
+
+\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{10pt}$\Rightarrow$\hspace{10pt}}l}
+\verb|\citet{jon90,jon91}| &Jones et al. (1990); James et al. (1991)\\
+\verb|\citep{jon90,jam91}| &(Jones et al., 1990; James et al. 1991)\\
+\verb|\citep{jon90,jon91}| &(Jones et al., 1990, 1991)\\
+\verb|\citep{jon90a,jon90b}| &(Jones et al., 1990a,b)\\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\subsection*{Bibliography}
+
+Use the \verb|\bibitem| macro in the following way:
+
+\begin{tabular}{l}
+\verb|\bibitem[Jones \etal (1990)]{jon90} {\bf Jones ...|\\
+\verb|\bibitem[Jones \etal (1991)]{jon91} {\bf Jones ...|\\
+\verb|\bibitem[James \etal (1991)]{jam91} {\bf James ...|\\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\section{Changes using Postscript fonts}
+
+The journal `Annales Geophysicae' is typeset using the
+Postscript\footnote{PostScript is a trademark of Adobe.} Times fonts for the
+main text and math. As the use of PostScript fonts results in different line and page
+breaks than when using Computer Modern fonts, we encourage you to use our
+document class together with the psnfss package times and if available the
+mathtime package. This packages does all necessary font replacements to show
+you the page make-up as it will be printed. Ask your local \TeX pert for
+details. PostScript previewing is possible on most systems. On some
+installations, however, on-screen previewing may be possible only with
+CM fonts.
+
+If, for technical reasons, you are not able to use the PS fonts, it is also
+possible to use our document class together with the ordinary Computer Modern
+fonts. Note, however, that in this case line and page breaks will change when
+we re\TeX\ your file with PS fonts, making it necessary for you to check them
+again once you receive the proofs from the printer.
+
+
+\section{Notes}
+
+Again we strongly suggest to use the \verb|\bibitem - \cite| as well as
+the \verb|\label -| \verb|\ref| mechanism of \LaTeX\ for your cross
+references throughout your document.
+
+\section{Installation}
+
+Following packages should be installed: \verb|times|, \verb|natbib|,
+\verb|amsmath|.
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/example/example.dvi b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/example/example.dvi
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+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% An example input file demonstrating the agp option of the SVJour %
+% document class for the journal: Annales Geophysicae %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+\documentclass[agp]{svjour}
+
+\usepackage{graphics}
+\usepackage{epsfig}
+\usepackage{times}
+% \usepackage{mathtime}
+%
+\sloppy
+%
+\journalname{Ann. Geophysicae}
+%
+\begin{document}
+\title{On the regional climatic impact of contrails:}
+\subtitle{microphysical and radiative properties of contrails and
+natural cirrus clouds}
+\author{B. Strauss\inst{1} \and
+R. Meerkoetter\inst{1} \and
+B. Wissinger\inst{1} \and
+P. Wendling\inst{1} \and
+M. Hess\inst{2}}
+\institute{Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR),
+Institut fuer Physik der Atmosphaere, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling,
+Germany
+\and
+Meteorologisches Institut der Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany}
+\mail{B. Strauss\\
+e-mail: pal3@opasul.pa.op.dir.de}
+\date{Received: 17 November 1995 / Revised: 12 May 1997 /
+Accepted: 6 June 1997}
+\titlerunning{On the climatic impact of contrails}
+\authorrunning{B. Strauss \etal}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\abstract{The impact of contrail induced cirrus clouds on regional
+climate is estimated for mean atmospheric conditions of Southern Germany
+in the months of July and October. This is done by use of a regionalized
+one-dimensional radiative convective model (RCM). The influence of an
+increased ice cloud cover is studied by comparing RCM results
+representing climatological values with a modified case. In order to
+study the sensitivity of this effect on the radiative characteristics of
+the ice cloud, two types of additional ice clouds were modelled: cirrus
+and contrails, the latter cloud type containing a higher number of
+smaller and less of the larger cloud particles. Ice cloud parameters are
+calculated on the basis of a particle size distribution which covers the
+range from 2 to 2000\,$\mu$m\,, taking into consideration recent
+measurements which show a remarkable amount of particles smaller than
+20\,$\mu$m. It turns out that a 10\% increase in ice cloud cover leads
+to a surface temperature increase in the order of 1\,K\,, ranging from
+1.1 to 1.2\,K in July and from 0.8 to 0.9\,K in October depending on the
+radiative characteristics of the air-traffic-induced ice clouds.
+Modelling the current contrail cloud cover which is near 0.5\% over
+Europe yields a surface temperature increase in the order of 0.05\,K.
+\keywords{Insert keyword here}}
+
+\strich
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% Section 1 %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:1}
+
+Air traffic influences the atmosphere through the emission of various
+gases and particles. Among these, water vapour and aerosol particles
+acting as cloud nuclei are of special interest because they support
+cloud formation thus modifying an important climate factor. Therefore,
+the impact of contrails, or better `air-traffic-induced cirrus clouds'
+was discussed recently within the scope of air traffic and climate in
+general \citep{Schu94}. \citet{Li90} studied the global influence of
+contrails within a case study, using a two-dimensinal climate model.
+They found an increase in surface temperature of 1\,K in the case of an
+increase in cloud cover by 5\% between 20$^\circ$ and 70$^\circ$ N.
+\citet{Po96} studied the influence of an increase in water vapour and in
+cirrus cloud cover induced by air traffic using a three-dimensional GCM.
+They showed that a significant climatic effect is more likely to occur
+on the basis of contrail cloud cover rather than on the basis of
+additional water vapour due to air traffic. The GCM results show an
+increase in surface temperature of 1\,K at 50$^{\circ}$N for a contrail
+cloud cover of 5\%.
+
+However, one may expect contrails to have a stronger impact on a
+regional scale than on a global scale. To estimate this, a case study is
+carried out within this paper for an area of increased air traffic in
+southern Germany. This is done by use of a one-dimensional radiative
+convective model (RCM), originally developed by \citet{Li83} and
+modified to allow modelling of regional climate by taking into account
+advection as a third energy flux besides radiation and convection. The
+effects of an increased ice cloud cloud cover on the equilibrium
+temperature profile of a mean July and October atmosphere were
+simulated.
+
+\begin{figure*}
+\sidecaption
+\unitlength0.9cm
+\begin{picture}(12,7)
+\framebox(12,7){}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{Ice replicator mounted on the DLR research aircraft `Falcon'}
+\label{fig:1}
+\end{figure*}
+
+Special emphasis is laid on the parameterization of the radiative
+characteristics of ice clouds. There are two types of ice cloud used in
+the model: cirrus and contrail. An increase in ice cloud cover is
+modelled twice, using both cloud types, in order to estimate the
+influence of the cloud radiative characteristics on the results.
+Corresponding RCM input parameters are the transmittance and the
+reflectance in the solar, and the emittance, the transmittance and the
+reflectance in the terrestrial spectral range. Values of these
+quantities are obtained by radiative transfer model (RTM) calculations.
+Ice clouds in the model are assumed to consist of particles in the range
+2--2000\,$\mu$m. The size distribution for particles smaller than
+20\,$\mu$m is based on recent in situ measurements which are presented
+in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}, for particles greater than 20\,$\mu$m a parameterization
+of \citet{He84} is used. Contrails are assumed to consist of a larger
+portion of smaller particles and less of the bigger ones compared to
+natural cirrus clouds. The ice water content, however, is assumed to be
+the same in both cloud types, for reasons of better comparability. It is
+anticipated that the portion of small particles has an appreciable
+influence on the radiative properties of ice clouds \citep{Ar94}.
+Section~\ref{sec:3} describes the model modifications, Sect.~\ref{sec:4}
+presents and discusses the resulting equilibrium temperature profiles.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% Section 2 %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{Measurements of microphysical properties in cirrus clouds and
+contrails}
+\label{sec:2}
+
+In situ measurements by use of an ice replicator [built by J. Hallett,
+Desert Research Institute (DRI), Reno, Nevada, USA] were carried out in
+both natural cirrus and aged contrails. This was done within the
+campaign `CIRRUS '92' organized by `Deutsche Forschungsanstalt f\"ur
+Luft- und Raumfahrt' (DLR). It took place between 1 and 19 October 1992
+in South Germany. On 15 October measurements were taken in a natural
+cirrostratus cloud located ahead of a frontal system related to a strong
+low over Denmark. On 9 October measurements were taken in contrails with
+ages in the order of half an hour embedded in arising cirrus. In this
+case a high was located over Central Europe, a low over the
+Mediterranean Sea and advection of warm air in southern Germany just
+started from the south. A comparison of these two measurements is of
+special interest with regard to a possible difference in the
+microphysical behaviour of these two cloud types. The question of how
+representative these two clouds were remains open up to now.
+
+The principle of the ice replicator (see Fig.~\ref{fig:1}) is quite easy:
+the particles fly through an inlet situated at the tip of the
+instrument, sized 2 $\times$ 7\,mm$^2$, and impact on a coated leader
+film which is transported just behind that entrance. The impacts of the
+particles are conserved in the coating and are analysed by microscopy,
+digitization of the microscope pictures and image processing software.
+Thus information on particle shapes, sizes, concentration and size
+distribution is obtained. The lower resolution of the instrument is
+about 4\,$\mu$m, depending on the quality of the coating which does not
+always have the same characteristics. A source of uncertainty concerning
+absolute particle numbers is the uncertainty due to the collection
+efficiency for particles smaller than approximately 10\,$\mu$m, which is
+not known accurately. Particles larger than approximately 100\,$\mu$m
+normally break by impaction and information on these particles is
+therefore weak. Regions showing fragments of broken particles were
+excluded from evaluation. Nevertheless, there remains an uncertainty due
+to misclassification of some broken material. This effect is contrary to
+the collection efficiency effect. Figure~\ref{fig:2} shows eight size
+distributions of the cirrus cloud measured on 15 October 1992 taken from
+eight different parts of this cloud, thus representing a measure of the
+natural variability. Also shown is a parameterization for cirrus cloud
+particles larger than 20\,$\mu$m in size for temperatures of
+$-55^{\circ}$C and $-40^{\circ}$C \citep{He84,Li92}. The temperature in
+the cloud was about $-55$ to $-57^{\circ}$C. One can see three important
+features:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item there are many `small' particles, i.e. particles smaller than about
+20\,$\mu$m in size;
+\item the measured size distributions coincide with the parameterization
+of Heymsfield and Platt in the overlap size regime;
+\item the variability is in the order of one magnitude.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{figure}
+\unitlength0.9cm
+\begin{picture}(8.575,7)
+\framebox(8.575,7){}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{Size distributions in a cirrostratus cloud measured on 15
+October 1992 over Southern Germany. The eight curves represent eight
+different parts of the cloud and thereby give a measure of the natural
+variability. The two lines represent parameterizations for particles
+larger than 20\,$\mu$m for $-55\,^{\circ}$C ({\it solid}) and
+$-40\,^{\circ}$C ({\it dash -- three dots}) after Heymsfield and Platt
+(1984)}
+\label{fig:2}
+\end{figure}
+
+The strong fluctuations at sizes larger than about 20$\mu$m are due to
+the size of sampling volume which is comperatively small for particles
+of this size regime. It is in the order of several thousand cm$^{3}$.
+The collection efficiency is assumed to be 1 for all sizes, i.e. numbers
+for particles smaller than approximately 10\,$\mu$m are probably
+slightly underestimated. Integration gives a mean particle concentration
+of 0.7\,cm$^{-3}$ with values ranging from 0.5 to 1.1\,cm$^{-3}$.
+
+These values can be compared to data obtained by measurements with a
+Counterflow Virtual Impactor (CVI) in natural cirrus clouds, as
+presented by \citet{St93}. The CVI detects ice particles up to
+30\,$\mu$m by measuring the concentration of the nuclei and the ice
+water content of the particles. CVI values range from 0.1 to
+1\,cm$^{-3}$ and therefore confirm the replicator data.
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:3} shows the corresponding results for the aged contrails
+on 9 October. The temperature in these contrails was between
+$-37^{\circ}$C and $-45^{\circ}$C. The mean concentration value is found
+to be 1.3\,cm$^{-3}$, again assuming a collection efficiency of 1, with
+values ranging from 0.8 to 1.6\,cm$^{-3}$. A comparison of the two
+clouds is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:4}. The two curves represent mean
+values of the size distribution for the two cloud types. One can see
+that the particle concentration for the aged contrails is larger for all
+sizes measured by the ice replicator. But the difference is
+significantly less than the variability of each of the two clouds.
+
+\begin{figure}
+\unitlength0.9cm
+\begin{picture}(8.575,7)
+\framebox(8.575,7){}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{Size distributions measured in aged contrails on 9 October 1992
+over Southern
+Germany. Lines as in Fig.~\ref{fig:2}}
+\label{fig:3}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}
+\unitlength0.9cm
+\begin{picture}(8.575,7)
+\framebox(8.575,7){}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{Comparison of size distribution for natural cirrus (15 October 1992,
+{\it thick}) and aged contrails (9 October 1992, {\it thin}). Lines as in
+Fig.~\ref{fig:2}}
+\label{fig:4}
+\end{figure}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% Section 3 %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{The radiative convective model and its modification}
+\label{sec:3}
+
+The RCM output of the original model version represents an atmospheric
+state of long-term and global averaging. It divides the atmosphere into
+21 layers containing three cloud layers and calculates a temperature
+profile representing an equilibrium state between radiation and
+convection within each layer. The whole spectral range comprises six
+spectral intervals in the solar and five intervals in the terrestrial
+region.
+
+The temperature profile is computed on the basis of the Curtis matrix
+principle, i.e. starting with an emittance, reflectance and
+transmittance value and a first-guess temperature value for each
+atmospheric model layer and then applying a perturbation scheme. This
+immediately gives the equilibrium state temperature profile, i.e. no
+time-stepping method is used. Values in cloudy layers are assumed to be
+dominated by the cloud particles. Figure~\ref{fig:5} gives an overview of
+the procedure. For more details see \citet{Li83}.
+
+\begin{figure*}
+\sidecaption
+\unitlength0.9cm
+\begin{picture}(12,7)
+\framebox(12,7){}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{Flow diagram showing the principle procedure of the RCM. Each
+iteration repeats the calculations of the vertical exchange coefficient
+and of the profile of the radiative fluxes on the basis of the new
+temperature profile. Advection is taken into consideration as a third
+energy flux besides radiation and convection in the modified version of
+the RCM which is used in this study}
+\label{fig:5}
+\end{figure*}
+
+To permit simulations on a regional scale and for limited time periods,
+advection has to be taken into consideration. Furthermore, the following
+variables have to be specified for the considered region and time: (1)
+solar zenith angle, (2) water vapour profile, (3) ozone profile, (4)
+cloud cover, (5) surface albedo, (6) Bowen ratio.
+
+All of these values except the cloud cover are assumed to be constant in
+the frame of this study. Cloud cover values for mid-level and low clouds
+are fixed, whereas high cloud cover is varied. More details are given in
+Appendix~B.
+
+Special emphasis is given to the parameterization of the optical
+properties of ice clouds. In the model's original version, ice clouds
+consist of cylindrically shaped monodisperse ice particles with a mean
+length of 200\,$\mu$m, a mean radius of 30\,$\mu$m and a mean
+concentration of 0.05\,cm$^{-3}$.
+
+However, recent research results force these assumptions to be modified.
+It turned out that models tend to underestimate the solar ice cloud
+albedo when compared to measurements \citep{St91}. As a consequence, two
+hypotheses are made to explain this discrepancy: in today's models,
+particles are usually described as spheres or hexagons. Hypothesis (1)
+says that particle shapes have to be modelled more precisely with
+respect to multibranched particles which are regularly found in ice
+clouds and which could cause increased backscattering as compared to
+simple hexagonally shaped columns and plates \citep{Wi90}. Hypothesis
+(2) concerns the particle size. Little is known about particles smaller
+than 50\,$\mu$m due to the lower resolution of instruments usually
+employed for in situ measurements of ice particles. Ice cloud models
+usually assume particles with a minimum size of 20\,$\mu$m or even
+larger. Hypothesis (2) says that a significant amount of smaller
+particles have an appreciable influence on the radiative characteristics
+of ice clouds by enlarging the number of backscattered photons and
+herewith increasing cloud albedo. Model calculations
+\citep{Ma93,Ia95,St96} make hypothesis (1) appear unlikely, whereas
+recent in situ measurements as presented in the previous section support
+hypothesis (2). Therefore, the ice cloud parameterization used in the
+RCM was modified by assuming hexagonally shaped ice particles in the
+solar spectral range, and cirrus particle size distributions in the
+small-particle regime as based on our measurements (see Sect.~\ref{sec:2})
+and those of \citet{He84}. In the terrestrial spectral range,
+Mie-calculations were carried out for volume equivalent spheres.
+
+The following two subsections describe the parameterization of the
+optical properties of ice clouds and of the advection in detail.
+
+\subsection{Calculation of the radiative properties of ice clouds}
+
+\subsubsection{Procedure.}
+%
+Radiative properties of ice clouds in the RCM are described by the
+broadband transmittance and reflectance in the solar spectral range and
+in addition the emittance in the terrestrial spectral range. These
+quantities were calculated with a separate radiation transfer model
+(RTM) based on the Matrix Operator Method \citep{Pl73} by the following
+steps:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Calculation of the phase function $\phi$ (solar region), asymmetry
+factor $g$ (terrestrial region), volume extinction coefficient $\sigma$,
+and single scattering albedo $\omega$ on the basis of the particle-size
+distribution and the spectral complex refractive index of ice \citep{Wa84}.
+In the solar region these parameters are derived for hexagonally shaped
+particles under the assumption of geometrical optics \citep{He94}. In the
+terrestrial spectral range Mie-calculations have been performed for volume
+equivalent spheres.
+\item Calculation of spectral downward- and upward-directed radiative fluxes
+at cloud top and base with an RTM. The ice cloud layer is embedded between
+9.6 and 11.0\,km.
+\item Calculation of broadband transmittance, reflectance and emittance by
+use of wavelength integrated fluxes at cloud top and base within the solar
+and terrestrial spectral range.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{table}[b]
+\caption[]{Modelled size distribution of cirrus cloud particles. The particle
+concentration is 0.58\,cm$^{-3}$, the ice water content $2.077 \cdot
+10^{-3}$\,gm$^{-3}$}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{-1.75pt}}lcccc}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+size class & represented size range & $A$ & $B$ & particle number \\
+ & $\mu$m & $\mu$m & $\mu$m & m$^{-3}$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+I & 2 -- 6 & \phantom{.}1.4 & \phantom{1.}3.5 & $1.69\cdot 10^5 $ \\
+II & \phantom{1}6 -- 20 & \phantom{11}4 & \phantom{11}10 & $3.87\cdot 10^5 $ \\
+III & 20 -- 40 & \phantom{1}10 & \phantom{11}30 & $1.77\cdot 10^4 $ \\
+IV & 40 -- 90 & \phantom{1}22 & \phantom{11}60 & $3.19\cdot 10^3 $ \\
+V & \phantom{1}90 -- 200 & \phantom{1}41 & 130 & $1.40\cdot 10^3 $ \\
+VI & 200 -- 400 & \phantom{1}60 & \phantom{1}300 & $1.75\cdot 10^2 $ \\
+VII & 400 -- 900 & \phantom{1}80 & \phantom{1}600 & $3.16\cdot 10^1 $ \\
+VIII & \phantom{1}900 -- 2000 & 110 & 1300 & $3.99\cdot 10^0 $ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:1}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsubsection{Microphysical properties of cirrus and contrails.}
+%
+Size distributions are specified for two cloud types: cirrus and
+contrails. Table~\ref{tab:1} gives the discretized cirrus size distribution
+as derived from two separate data sources. A and B designate the half
+width and the length of the representative hexagonal ice particles. For
+cirrus cloud particles smaller than 20\,$\mu$m the size distribution is
+based on in situ measurements as presented in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}. For cirrus
+cloud particles larger than 20\,$\mu$m the size distribution is based on a
+parameterization of \citet{He84} (using a revised version in
+\citet{Li92}), which is a function of temperature. For reasons of
+consistency, the range $-55^{\circ}$C to $-60^{\circ}$C is used here,
+because temperature values within this range were measured during the
+flight in the cloud on 15 October 1992. Taking the particle numbers of
+\citet{He84,Li92} directly, however, leads to a significantly smaller
+ice water content than that measured by these two papers, which is
+$2.077 \cdot 10^{-3}$gm$^{-3}$. We assume that this discrepancy is due
+to the assumption that particles in our model have hexagonal shapes in
+all size classes, whereas the measurements show aggregates in the range
+of larger particles. For a certain diameter, an aggregate contains a
+significantly larger volume than a column. In order to adjust the ice
+water content value in the model to the measured value, particle numbers
+in size classes V to VIII were increased by a factor of 3.47.
+
+For consistency of the following comparison the ice water content within
+contrails is assumed to be the same as that for the natural cirrus case.
+Having no precise information on particle number densities for sizes
+larger than 20\,$\mu$m, we assume that the relative particle size
+distribution is the same as that for the natural cirrus case
+(Table~\ref{tab:1}), through, with an upper size limit of 200\,$\mu$m. This
+gives also qualitative agreement with the measurements of \citet{Ga96}.
+As a result of the adjustment of the ice water content there are more
+small particles in contrails than in natural cirrus, which is consistent
+with our measurements.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption[]{Modeled size distribution of contrail particles. The particle
+concentration is 1.0\,cm$^{-3}$, the ice water content $2.077 \cdot
+10^{-3}$\,gm$^{-3}$}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{-1.75pt}}lcccc}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+size class & represented size range & $A$ & $B$ & particle number \\
+& $\mu$m & $\mu$m & $\mu$m & m$^{-3}$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+I & 2 -- 6 & \phantom{.}1.4 & \phantom{.}3.5 & $2.91\cdot 10^5 $ \\
+II & \phantom{1}6 -- 20 & \phantom{11}4 & \phantom{11}10 & $6.67\cdot 10^5 $ \\
+III & 20 -- 40 & \phantom{1}10 & \phantom{11}30 & $3.05\cdot 10^4 $ \\
+IV & 40 -- 90 & \phantom{1}22 & \phantom{11}60 & $5.51\cdot 10^3 $ \\
+V & \phantom{1}90 -- 200 & \phantom{1}41 & \phantom{1}130 & $2.42\cdot 10^3 $ \\
+VI & 200 -- 400 & \phantom{1}60 & \phantom{1}300 & $0 $ \\
+VII & 400 -- 900 & \phantom{1}80 & \phantom{1}600 & $0 $ \\
+VIII & \phantom{1}900 -- 2000 & 110 & 1300 & $0 $ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:2}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{figure}[b]
+\unitlength0.9cm
+\begin{picture}(8.575,7)
+\framebox(8.575,7){}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{Modelled size distributions ({\it steps}) for natural cirrus ({\it
+solid}) and contrails ({\it dashed}). Also shown are replicator measured size
+distributions as indicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:4} for natural cirrus ({\it
+solid}) and contrails ({\it dashed})}
+\label{fig:6}
+\end{figure}
+
+\subsubsection{Radiative properties of contrails and natural cirrus clouds.}
+%
+The radiative transfer model adopted to calculate vertical profiles of
+upward- and downward-directed fluxes is based on the matrix operator
+theory \citep{Pl73}. This RTM accounts for processes of multiple
+scattering, absorption and thermal emission. The cloud optical
+properties are described by $\phi$ (solar), $g$ (terrestrial), $\sigma$
+and $\omega$. Besides the cloud parameters, the RTM needs the
+corresponding optical parameters for aerosol particles. Furthermore, the
+vertical profiles of temperature, pressure and air density, as well as
+the absorber masses of the relevant gases, characterize the atmospheric
+state. These meteorological parameters are given for our model
+atmospheres in Appendix~B. Table~\ref{tab:6} in Appendix~A shows the
+spectral resolution within the solar spectral range as used in the RTM.
+
+In the solar region, the sharp forward peak of the cirrus phase function
+is truncated by applying the delta-function approximation. In the
+terrestrial range, a Henyey-Greenstein approximation of the phase
+function is adopted which depends only on the asymmetry factor. The
+transmission functions of the relevant gases valid in the spectral
+subintervals are approximated by exponential sum fitting.
+
+Table~\ref{tab:7} in Appendix~A gives the values of $C$, $g$ and
+$\omega$ for the cirrus and contrail cloud as calculated for hexagonally
+shaped particles with geometrical optics. $C$ designates the extinction
+cross-section and equals the extinction coefficient normalized to one
+particle per cm$^{-3}$. Note that the $g$ values are shown in the table
+but subsequently are not used. For the model calculations, the complete
+phase function is used. Note that the spectral resolution is not
+identical to that in the RTM (see Table~\ref{tab:6}), however, it accounts
+for a proper representation of the radiative properties which in turn
+mainly follow the spectral behaviour of the complex refractive index of
+ice. Phase functions are calculated at wavelengths 0.550, 1.100, 1.400,
+1.905, 2.600 and 3.077$\mu$m. These wavelengths are chosen as
+representative with respect to the spectral behaviour of the refractive
+index of ice.
+
+To obtain the analogous values for the RTM input spectral intervals
+(Table~\ref{tab:6}), a proper mean value is calculated by
+\begin{equation}
+\overline{x_j} = \frac{\sum_{i} x_i E_i \Delta \lambda_{i,j}}{\sum_{i} E_i
+\Delta \lambda_{i,j}},
+\label{eq:1}
+\end{equation}
+where $x$ represents the variables $\sigma$ and $\omega$,
+$\overline{x_j}$ designates the mean value of the $j$th spectral
+interval $\sum_{i} \Delta \lambda_{i,j}$ within the solar spectral
+range. The variable $E_i$ is the solar constant at the wavelength $i$.
+
+The first column in Table~\ref{tab:8} in Appendix~A shows the spectral
+resolution in the terrestrial region used by the RTM. In order to obtain
+$\sigma$, $g$ and $\omega$ values in the terrestrial region,
+Mie-calculations for corresponding spherical particles were carried out
+within each spectral interval at its central wavelength given in
+Table~\ref{tab:8}, where the conversion from hexagonal particles into
+corresponding spheres is done by calculation of equivalent volume. It is
+expected that such spheres give better $\omega$ values compared to
+spheres of equal surface \citep{Ta89}.
+
+Downward- and upward-directed solar fluxes at cloud top and base result
+from RTM calculations for the isolated cloud layer as radiative transfer
+medium. In a next step, the cloud transmittance is derived by relating
+the downward directed fluxes at cloud top and base, respectively. The
+ratio of upward and downward flux at cloud top correspondingly gives the
+cloud reflectance. Solar zenith angles are cosine weighted means over
+the solar day for July and October in Munich. Results are shown in
+Table~\ref{tab:3}.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption{Solar radiative properties of cirrus and contrails as derived from
+RTM calculations (Jci: July, cirrus, Jco: July, contrails, Oci: October,
+cirrus, Oco: October, contrails)}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{\fill}}cccc@{\hspace{0pt}}}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+case & solar zenith angle & transmittance & reflectance \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+Jci & 58.71 $^{\circ}$ &0.932 & 0.057 \\
+Jco & 58.71 $^{\circ}$ &0.908 & 0.080 \\
+Oci & 69.78 $^{\circ}$ &0.891 & 0.095 \\
+Oco & 69.78 $^{\circ}$ &0.855 & 0.131 \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:3}
+\end{table}
+
+As expected, transmittances increase and reflectances decrease with
+decreasing particle concentration. The extinction coefficient value is
+found to be 0.130 and 0.198\,km$^{-1}$ for cirrus and contrails,
+respectively, at a wavelength of 0.55\,$\mu$m. Values of the cloud
+optical thickness at a wavelength of 0.55\,$\mu$m are 0.18 and 0.28 for
+cirrus and contrails, respectively.
+
+To obtain emittance, transmittance and reflectance in the terrestrial
+spectral range, RTM calculations were carried out for two different
+vertical atmospheric segments: (1) the atmosphere between surface and
+cloud top and (2) the cloud layer only. The first serves to obtain the
+upward fluxes at cloud top $f_{top} \uparrow $ and cloud base $f_{base}
+\uparrow $, the latter gives the fluxes emitted by the cloud layer
+itself, designated as $fcl_{top} \uparrow $ and $fcl_{base} \downarrow
+$. The upward-directed emittance is calculated according to $fcl_{top}
+\uparrow $ / $\varsigma T_{top}^4$ , where $\varsigma$ denotes the
+Stefan--Boltzmann constant and $T_{top}$ the temperature at cloud top.
+The downward-directed emittance is calculated analogously. In the RCM
+the mean of these two emittance values is used. The transmittance is
+given by $(f_{top} \uparrow - fcl_{top} \uparrow )/f_{base} \uparrow$,
+the reflectance by $( f_{base} \downarrow - fcl_{base} \downarrow
+)/f_{base} \uparrow$. Table~\ref{tab:4} lists the results, Table~\ref{tab:5}
+presents the derived values for cloud emittance, transmittance and
+reflectance.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption{Radiative fluxes in the terrestrial spectral range; $f_{top}
+\uparrow$: upward flux at cloud top, $f_{base} \uparrow$: upward flux at
+cloud base, $f_{base} \downarrow$: downward flux at cloud base,
+$fcl_{top} \uparrow$: upward flux at cloud top (cloud only), $fcl_{base}
+\downarrow$: downward flux at cloud base (cloud only), other
+designations as in Table~\ref{tab:3}}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{\fill}}cccccc@{\hspace{0pt}}}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+case & $f_{top} \uparrow $ & $f_{base} \uparrow $ & $ f_{base} \downarrow $
+& $fcl_{top} \uparrow $ & $fcl_{base} \downarrow $ \\
+& Wm$^{-2}$ & Wm$^{-2}$ & Wm$^{-2}$ & Wm$^{-2}$ & Wm$^{-2}$ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+Jci & 245.1 & 286.7 & 75.5 & 57.0 & 59.9 \\
+Jco & 231.8 & 286.7 & 86.3 & 62.2 & 65.3 \\
+Oci & 238.5 & 272.3 & 54.4 & 43.4 & 45.5 \\
+Oco & 227.8 & 272.3 & 62.9 & 48.7 & 51.0 \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:4}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{table}[b]
+\caption{Derived ice cloud radiative properties in the terrestrial spectral
+range}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{\fill}}lccc@{\hspace{0pt}}}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+case & emittance & transmittance & reflectance \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+Jci & 0.386 & 0.656 & 0.054 \\
+Jco & 0.421 & 0.592 & 0.073 \\
+Oci & 0.320 & 0.716 & 0.033 \\
+Oco & 0.359 & 0.658 & 0.044 \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:5}
+\end{table}
+
+As expected, emittances and reflectances increase with increasing particle
+concentration whereas transmittances decrease with increasing particle
+concentrations.
+
+\subsection{Parameterization of advection}
+
+\subsubsection{Method.}
+%
+In our case study an atmospheric segment with vertical boundaries along
+the region of southern Germany is modelled. For simplicity it is called
+in the following an `atmospheric box'. In contrast to modelling on a
+global scale, net fluxes of energy through the lateral boundaries of
+this atmospheric box have to be taken into account. It is assumed that
+the net energy flux which leaves the top of the box as radiation (in the
+considered time period) equals the energy flux which is gained through
+the lateral faces as advection. The profile of advected energy is set
+proportional to the wind profile. The value of the energy flux leaving
+the atmospheric box at the top is taken from ERBE (Earth Radiation
+Budget Experiment) satellite data. This flux is $-59$ and 97\,Wm$^{-2}$
+in the months of July and October, respectively, the minus sign in the
+July case representing an energy gain for the box. More details
+concerning the satellite data are given in Appendix~B. Values for the
+vertical profile of the wind speed are taken from radiosonde data,
+'Munich' station, averaged for the years 1981--1985.
+
+Within the frame of this study, no feedback mechanisms concerning
+advection are taken into consideration.
+
+\subsubsection{Results of regionalization.}
+%
+Figure~\ref{fig:7} shows RCM results for the reference case, i.e. the case
+with climatological values of cirrus cloud cover in July. Two
+temperature profiles are shown: one results from including advection as
+already outlined, whereas the other results from neglecting it. For
+comparison, the climatological July values as derived from radiosonde
+data are shown.
+
+\begin{figure}[b]
+\unitlength0.9cm
+\begin{picture}(8.575,7)
+\framebox(8.575,7){}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{Modelled temperature profiles for July with ({\it solid}) and without
+({\it dashed}) advection compared to radiosonde measurements ({\it triangles})}
+\label{fig:7}
+\end{figure}
+
+Calculated temperatures fit quite well throughout the whole troposphere.
+A small inversion layer is modelled at the surface but not seen in the
+climatology values. This indicates that the Bowen ratio might not be
+representative for this case, however, in this study only temperature
+differences are of interest.
+
+\begin{figure}
+\unitlength0.9cm
+\begin{picture}(8.575,7)
+\framebox(8.575,7){}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{As in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}., but for October conditions}
+\label{fig:8}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:8} shows corresponding temperature profiles for October
+conditions. Noteworthy is the great influence of advection inducing a
+temperature difference of approximately 25\,K throughout the
+troposphere. It is important to note that the uncertainty of the
+satellite data is in the order of 10\,Wm$^{-2}$ which corresponds to an
+uncertainty in the temperature profile in the order of only 3\,K.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Section 4 %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{Results and discussion}
+\label{sec:4}
+
+The impact of ice clouds induced by air traffic is estimated by
+comparing the RCM results for an increased high cloud cover with those
+for the reference cases in July and October. It is assumed that the ice
+cloud cover increases at the expense of the uncovered area.
+
+The surface temperature results are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:9}. An ice
+cloud cover increase due to contrails by 10\% causes surface temperature
+increases of 1.1 and 0.8\,K\, in July and October, respectively.
+Assuming that the increased cloud cover is due to clouds which have
+natural cirrus properties, these values are 1.2 and 0.9\,K,
+respectively. Thus, for both months the increase in high cloud cover due
+to natural cirrus warms the surface more than the increase due to
+contrails. Obviously, the primarily larger shortwave albedo of the
+contrails due to more smaller particles leads to less warming than in
+the case of natural cirrus, even if the emittance of contrails is larger
+than that of natural cirrus. Figure~\ref{fig:9} shows a linear relation
+between cloud cover and surface temperature, because the RCM weights
+flux linearly with cloud cover. Part of the contrails certainly will
+occur over mid- and low-level clouds. Since the RCM does not consider
+overlapping effects of several cloud layers, our values for surface
+warming represent an upper limit.
+
+\begin{figure}
+\unitlength0.9cm
+\begin{picture}(8.575,7)
+\framebox(8.575,7){}
+\end{picture}
+\caption{Increase in surface temperature $\Delta T_{surf} $ in
+dependence on additional ice cloud cover $\eta $ due to contrails and
+cirrus in the case of mean July and October conditions over southern
+Germany. {\it Solid}: July, cirrus; {\it dotted}: July, contrails; {\it
+dashed}: October, cirrus; {\it dash-dotted}: October, contrails}
+\label{fig:9}
+\end{figure}
+
+As a further result the radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere
+with a fixed temperature and humidity profile is obtained. In the July
+case the upward terrestrial flux at the top af the atmosphere is reduced
+by 3.3\,Wm\,$^{-2}$ in the case of a 10\% increase in cirrus cloud
+cover. The corresponding decrease in the solar flux is 0.5\,Wm\,$^{-2}$.
+In the October case, the terrestrial flux is reduced by
+2.6\,Wm\,$^{-2}$, and the solar flux by 0.1\,Wm\,$^{-2}$. The values in
+the contrail cases are slightly lower.
+
+The current cloud cover which is due to contrails and thereby obviously
+due to air traffic is estimated to be in the order of 0.5\% over Europe
+\citep{Ba94}. This increase in cloud cover might be regarded as the
+minimum amount of air traffic induced cloud cover. Therefore it is
+expected that the increases in surface temperature are approximately
+0.06 and 0.05\,K in July and October, respectively.
+
+With regard to the uncertainty in our results, we varied the advection
+term by 10\,Wm$^{-2}$ (that corresponds to an uncertainty of
+10\,Wm$^{-2}$ in the satellite radiation measurement), the resulting
+uncertainty in the surface temperature is about 0.02\,K (change from
+96.75 to 106.75\,Wm$^{-2}$ in the satellite measured net radiative flux
+for the October case). Assuming a doubling of the latent heat flux at
+surface (which is much more than a realistic assumption), the resulting
+uncertainty in the surface temperature is about 0.01\,K (in the October
+case). These values show that these uncertainties have no important
+influence on the results.
+
+In comparison to a corresponding global sensitivity study for the
+climatic effect of an additional contrail cloudiness in the North
+Atlantic region \citep{Po96}, our value for the increase in the surface
+temperature in July is larger (1.2\,K compared to 1\,K). However, in
+this GCM calculation, the ocean temperature was fixed, and so the true
+response of additional cloudiness is slightly underestimated.
+
+The question of the climatic importance is relative: compared to an
+increase in the temperature of 1\,K between the Middle Ages and today,
+our 0.05\,K value is surely not significant. On the other hand, climate
+change is a composite of multiple effects and one should keep air
+traffic in mind as being one of these. Furthermore, our results
+represent equilibrium conditions, and the question of possible effects
+in the non-equilibrium state remains open, e.g. influences in the
+day-to-night differences in temperature.
+
+The results give an idea of how sensitive the regional temperature
+profile reacts on changes in the ice cloud layer which are due to
+changes in cloud cover, radiative properties of the ice clouds and solar
+zenith angle. However, we must keep in mind that our results are based
+on the assumption that the radiation balance on top of the atmosphere is
+fixed to the value that belongs to the undisturbed case and further that
+large-scale advection of energy into the area does not change. In view
+of the small temperature changes induced by the changes in cirrus cloud
+cover, these assumptions are expected to be fulfilled to a first order,
+and our results represent an upper limit of the regional effects of an
+additional cloudiness caused by air traffic. This is also supported by
+the results from a three-dimensional GCM which include feedback
+mechanisms and show the same order of magnitude \citep{Po96}.
+
+\begin{acknowledgement}
+For friendly help concerning the albedo values and discussions on
+aerosol distributions we thank W. Thomas. Concerning ERBE data our
+thanks are given to M. Rieland and K. Standfuss (Meteorologisches
+Institut der Universitaet Hamburg). Last but not least we are very
+grateful to K.N. Liou and S.C. Ou for having made available to us a
+version of their radiative convective model. This work was supported by
+the Bavarian regional climate research programme (BayFORKLIM), which was
+funded by the 'Bayerisches Ministerium fuer Landesentwicklung und
+Umweltfragen'. Their financial support is greatly acknowledged. Topical
+Editor L. Eymard thanks P. Hignett and S. Kinne for their help in
+evaluating this paper.
+\end{acknowledgement}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% Correct space for this article! %%
+\vspace{-5pt} %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{table}[b]
+\caption[]{Spectral resolution in the solar spectral range}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{10pt}}cc@{\hspace{0pt}}}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+interval number & wavelength range \\
+& $\mu$m \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+1 & 0.20 -- 0.30 \\
+2 & 0.30 -- 0.35 \\
+3 & 0.35 -- 0.40 \\
+4 & 0.40 -- 0.45 \\
+5 & 0.45 -- 0.50 \\
+6 & 0.50 -- 0.55 \\
+7 & 0.55 -- 0.60 \\
+8 & 0.60 -- 0.80 \\
+9 & 0.80 -- 0.90 \\
+10 & 0.90 -- 1.00 \\
+11 & 1.00 -- 1.20 \\
+12 & 1.20 -- 1.60 \\
+13 & 1.60 -- 2.20 \\
+14 & 2.20 -- 3.00 \\
+15 & 3.00 -- 3.40 \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:6}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{appendix}
+
+\section*{Appendix A}
+\label{sec:a}
+
+\subsection*{Tables indicating RTM calculations}
+
+These tables, referred to in the text, are put in an Appendix for
+reasons of clarity and readability.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption[]{Optical parameters of cirrus and contrail used in the solar
+region. Symbols without a hat denote cirrus parameters, symbols with a
+hat denote contrail parameters}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{-.8pt}}ccccccc@{\hspace{0pt}}}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+$\lambda$& $C$ & $\hat{C}$ & $g$ & $\hat{g}$ & $\omega $ & $\hat{\omega}$ \\
+$\mu$m & m$^{-1}cm^3$ & m$^{-1}cm^3$ & & & & \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+0.423 & 2.25$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 1.99$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.752 & 0.746 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\
+0.550 & 2.25$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 1.99$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.757 & 0.751 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\
+0.635 & 2.25$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 1.99$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.760 & 0.753 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\
+0.780 & 2.26$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 1.99$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.762 & 0.755 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\
+0.830 & 2.26$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 1.99$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.762 & 0.754 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\
+0.015 & 2.26$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 1.99$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.764 & 0.756 & 0.999 & 1.000 \\
+1.100 & 2.26$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 1.99$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.766 & 0.759 & 0.999 & 1.000 \\
+1.200 & 2.26$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 1.99$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.768 & 0.761 & 0.998 & 0.999 \\
+1.400 & 2.26$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.00$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.771 & 0.764 & 0.995 & 0.997 \\
+1.449 & 2.29$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.02$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.789 & 0.778 & 0.943 & 0.959 \\
+1.504 & 2.32$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.03$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.804 & 0.792 & 0.900 & 0.924 \\
+1.615 & 2.30$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.02$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.791 & 0.779 & 0.939 & 0.956 \\
+1.850 & 2.27$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.00$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.785 & 0.777 & 0.985 & 0.990 \\
+1.905 & 2.31$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.03$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.803 & 0.793 & 0.930 & 0.950 \\
+2.000 & 2.37$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.07$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.831 & 0.819 & 0.844 & 0.874 \\
+2.190 & 2.30$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.02$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.807 & 0.798 & 0.959 & 0.972 \\
+2.600 & 2.35$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.06$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.867 & 0.859 & 0.910 & 0.933 \\
+3.077 & 2.59$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.28$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.941 & 0.938 & 0.534 & 0.534 \\
+3.413 & 2.52$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 2.21$\cdot 10^{-4}$ & 0.878 & 0.869 & 0.606 & 0.614 \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:7}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption[]{Optical parameters of cirrus and contrail cloud models in the
+terrestrial region. Symbols without a hat denote cirrus parameters,
+symbols with a hat denote contrail parameters}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{\fill}}ccccccc@{\hspace{0pt}}}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+$\lambda$& $\sigma$ & $\hat{\sigma}$ & $g$ & $\hat{g}$ & $\omega $ & $\hat{\omega}$ \\
+$\mu$m & km$^{-1}$ & km$^{-1}$ &-&-&-&-\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\phantom{1}4.08 &0.1623 &0.2553 &0.830 &0.820 &0.748 &0.769 \\
+\phantom{1}4.26 &0.1728 &0.2715 &0.852 &0.844 &0.727 &0.746 \\
+\phantom{1}4.40 &0.1696 &0.2669 &0.875 &0.868 &0.693 &0.709 \\
+\phantom{1}4.49 &0.1783 &0.2813 &0.880 &0.874 &0.676 &0.690 \\
+\phantom{1}4.65 &0.1732 &0.2722 &0.874 &0.867 &0.701 &0.718 \\
+\phantom{1}4.88 &0.1938 &0.3082 &0.863 &0.857 &0.783 &0.804 \\
+\phantom{1}5.13 &0.1895 &0.3010 &0.871 &0.866 &0.791 &0.813 \\
+\phantom{1}5.41 &0.1951 &0.3091 &0.886 &0.881 &0.764 &0.785 \\
+\phantom{1}5.71 &0.1748 &0.2768 &0.909 &0.905 &0.684 &0.698 \\
+\phantom{1}6.06 &0.1727 &0.2742 &0.918 &0.914 &0.608 &0.615 \\
+\phantom{1}6.45 &0.1742 &0.2763 &0.904 &0.899 &0.638 &0.648 \\
+\phantom{1}6.90 &0.1639 &0.2574 &0.904 &0.898 &0.634 &0.645 \\
+\phantom{1}7.41 &0.1670 &0.2618 &0.896 &0.889 &0.649 &0.661 \\
+\phantom{1}8.00 &0.1628 &0.2557 &0.891 &0.884 &0.669 &0.683 \\
+\phantom{1}8.70 &0.1485 &0.2300 &0.897 &0.890 &0.671 &0.688 \\
+\phantom{1}9.30 &0.1429 &0.2197 &0.902 &0.894 &0.639 &0.654 \\
+\phantom{1}9.76 &0.1266 &0.2927 &0.913 &0.905 &0.612 &0.625 \\
+10.53 &0.1048 &0.2541 &0.947 &0.938 &0.426 &0.412 \\
+11.76 &0.1399 &0.2138 &0.883 &0.871 &0.441 &0.429 \\
+12.90 &0.1597 &0.2496 &0.846 &0.835 &0.468 &0.460 \\
+13.79 &0.1570 &0.2429 &0.841 &0.829 &0.500 &0.495 \\
+14.81 &0.1845 &0.2889 &0.804 &0.790 &0.547 &0.548 \\
+16.00 &0.1686 &0.2627 &0.798 &0.783 &0.580 &0.586 \\
+18.18 &0.1449 &0.2188 &0.768 &0.747 &0.629 &0.644 \\
+22.22 &0.1193 &0.1747 &0.752 &0.729 &0.732 &0.763 \\
+28.57 &0.0902 &0.1232 &0.793 &0.763 &0.605 &0.631 \\
+40.00 &0.0829 &0.1148 &0.847 &0.811 &0.350 &0.314 \\
+66.67 &0.1107 &0.1511 &0.684 &0.621 &0.406 &0.380 \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:8}
+\end{table}
+
+\section*{Appendix B}
+\label{sec:b}
+
+\subsection*{Input parameters for the radiative convective model and the
+matrix operator model}
+
+This appendix summarizes the input parameters describing atmospheric
+conditions for the RCM as well as for the matrix operator model in the
+cases of both months studied, July and October.
+
+Tables~\ref{tab:9} and~\ref{tab:10} list the input parameters concerning
+the atmospheric conditions in the case of July and October, respectively
+from radiosonde data. Temperatures are used as starting point for the
+RCM calculations and data for modelling the optical properties of the
+cirrus cloud layer. The data are taken from radiosonde measurements
+averaged over the years 1981 to 1985, DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst)
+station Munich, except the humidity values in 100 and 150\,hPa, which
+are averages from 1987 to 1989 due to lack of corresponding values in
+the mentioned time-period.
+
+\begin{table}[b]
+\caption[]{Radiosonde values over southern Germany in the month of July,
+averages from 1981 to 1985}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{\fill}}ccccc@{\hspace{0pt}}}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+height & pressure & temperature & air density &
+humidity \\ km & hPa & K & g\,cm$^{-3}$ & \% \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+31.85 & \phantom{1}10 & 233.6 & 14.91 & \\
+27.13 & \phantom{1}20 & 227.4 & 30.64 & \\
+24.43 & \phantom{1}30 & 223.9 & 46.68 & \\
+21.09 & \phantom{1}50 & 220.4 & 79.03 & \\
+18.91 & \phantom{1}70 & 218.5 & 111.6 & \\
+16.62 & 100 & 218.1 & 159.7 & 19.5 \\
+14.01 & 150 & 220.0 & 237.5 & 20.6 \\
+12.15 & 200 & 220.1 & 316.5 & 40.3 \\
+10.70 & 250 & 224.2 & 388.4 & 44.5 \\
+\phantom{1}9.47 & 300 & 232.5 & 449.5 & 44.4 \\
+\phantom{1}7.44 & 400 & 248.1 & 561.5 & 42.9 \\
+\phantom{1}5.78 & 500 & 259.7 & 670.2 & 44.2 \\
+\phantom{1}3.13 & 700 & 275.5 & 883.1 & 58.5 \\
+\phantom{1}1.54 & 850 & 285.2 & 1033.8 & 67.6\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:9}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{table}[b]
+\caption[]{Radiosonde values over southern Germany in the month of
+October, averages from 1981 to 1985}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{\fill}}ccccc@{\hspace{0pt}}}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+height & pressure & temperature & air density & humidity \\
+km & hPa & K & g\,cm$^{-3}$ & \% \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+31.01 & \phantom{1}10 & 222.5 & 15.66 & \\
+26.50 & \phantom{1}20 & 218.2 & 31.93 & \\
+23.91 & \phantom{1}30 & 216.0 & 48.38 & \\
+20.67 & \phantom{1}50 & 214.3 & 81.28 & \\
+18.55 & \phantom{1}70 & 213.9 & 114.0 & \\
+16.30 & 100 & 213.4 & 163.2 & 18.9 \\
+13.75 & 150 & 213.8 & 244.4 & 20.8 \\
+11.94 & 200 & 215.2 & 323.8 & 33.2 \\
+10.52 & 250 & 220.8 & 394.4 & 35.2 \\
+\phantom{1}9.31 & 300 & 228.7 & 457.0 & 37.6 \\
+\phantom{1}7.32 & 400 & 243.9 & 571.3 & 34.1 \\
+\phantom{1}5.68 & 500 & 255.7 & 681.2 & 35.7 \\
+\phantom{1}3.08 & 700 & 271.2 & 899.2 & 46.3 \\
+\phantom{1}1.51 & 850 & 279.5 & 1059. & 56.1 \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:10}
+\end{table}
+
+Humidity values above 100\,hPa as well as all other values above 10\,hPa
+are taken from McClatchey et al. (1972), mid-latitude summer atmosphere,
+1962 and US standard atmosphere for July and October, respectively.
+Surface values are 1981 to 1985 averages from the `Europaeischer
+Wetterbericht' \citep{DWD}, and ozone data are from DWD station
+Hohenpeissenberg (also 1981 to 1985).
+
+\subsection*{Cloud cover and liquid water path}
+
+Cloud cover values are taken from \citet{Wa88}. Values are based on
+ground observation averages between 1971 and 1981. Spatial resolution of
+these data is $5^{\circ} \times 5^{\circ}$, temporal resolution is 3
+months. The following classification is used: Cu, Cb, St, Ns, As, Ac,
+and Ci. To get cloud cover values for the three cloud layers in the RCM,
+Cu, Cb, St, Ns are chosen to give the low cloud cover, Cb, Ns, As, Ac to
+give the mid-level cloud cover and Ci to give the high cloud cover,
+following a procedure used by Liou in the original version of the RCM
+\citep{Li85}. This leads to cloud cover values 0.31, 0.21, 0.07 and 0.41
+for low, middle, high clouds and clear sky, respectively in the month of
+July. The corresponding values for October are 0.56, 0.34, 0.16 and
+0.59, respectively.
+
+The RCM is unable to calculate interactions between clouds. Therefore,
+the radiative flux computations are performed for different atmospheres
+containing one cloud layer each for low, middle and high clouds and one
+clear atmosphere are calculated separately and radiation fluxes are
+weighted afterwards with the corresponding cloud-cover values. For this
+reason, the cloud-cover values given are compacted in the RCM. This is
+done by multiplication with a constant factor (less than 1) in the way
+that the sum of the cloud cover and the clear sky fraction add up to 1.
+Note, however, that the interaction between a single cloud layer and the
+surface is taken into consideration.
+
+The liquid water path value of low clouds is taken from \citet{Li83} as
+60.411\,g\,m$^{-2}$, that for mid-level clouds to 54.06\,g\,m$^{-2}$ in
+the present study. The ice water path for cirrus cloud is assumed to be
+2.908\,g\,m$^{-2}$ according to measurements of \citet{He84}.
+
+\subsection*{Surface albedo}
+
+The surface solar albedo values are taken from \citet{Ko92}. These
+values are based on satellite measurements. In the case of October,
+values from 10:00, 13:00 and 16:00 local time are available,
+corresponding to sun elevations of 26.87$^{\circ}$, 31.06$^{\circ}$ and
+12.29$^{\circ}$, respectively. Interpolation to 20.22$^{\circ}$
+elevation angle which is used in the RCM leads to an albedo of 11.3\%.
+This value is used for the October calculations.
+
+In the case of July, only the 13:00 local time value was available. This
+value is 15.6\%. Due to the fact that the albedo has a minimum value at
+the time of the highest sun elevation angles, an albedo value slightly
+higher than this value was chosen as representative in the July
+calculations. The value was estimated to be 17\% (W. Thomas, personal
+communication).
+
+\subsection*{Aerosol data}
+
+Aerosol data are chosen to represent continental conditions for both
+months studied, July and October (M. Hess and P. Koepke, personal
+communication). Table~\ref{tab:11} shows the assumed aerosol components
+and particle numbers. These values are valid for sea level. The dependence
+on altitude is modeled after
+\begin{equation}
+n(h) = n(0)exp(-h/Z),
+\label{eq:2}
+\end{equation}
+where $n$ denotes the particle number, $h$ the altitude and $Z$ a reference
+altitude which is 8\,km. For more details, including refractive indices,
+see \citet{WM83}.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption[]{Aerosol conditions used for calculations}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{\fill}}llll@{\hspace{0pt}}}
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+height & aerosol type & number & mode radius \\
+km & & cm$^{-3}$ & $\mu$m \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+- 2 & water soluble (70\%)& 7000 & 0.0285 \\
+& insoluble & 0.4 & 0.471 \\
+& soot & 8300 & 0.0118 \\
+2-12 & water soluble (50\%)& 438 & 0.0262 \\
+& insoluble & 1.24$\cdot 10^{-3}$ & 0.471 \\
+& soot & 292 & 0.0118 \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:11}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsection*{Satellite data used for parameterization of advection}
+
+Satellite data are taken from ERBE (Earth Radiation Budget Experiment)
+via the `Meteorologisches Institut der Universitaet Hamburg'. Spatial
+resolution of these data is $2.5^{\circ} \times 2.5^{\circ}$. The data
+are taken from 47.5$^{\circ}$ to 50.0$^{\circ}$N and 10.0$^{\circ}$ to
+12.5$^{\circ}$E and cover quite accurately the area of Bavaria, southern
+Germany. In the case of July, a 5-year average of monthly averaged net
+fluxes (top of atmosphere) is used (1985--1989). Values are 68.75,
+55.96, 54.63, 61.94 and 51.80\,Wm$^{-2}$ for the 5 months, respectively.
+The mean value used is 58.62\,Wm$^{-2}$. For October, corresponding data
+from 2 years 1985 and 1986 are used. Values are $-99.00$\,Wm and
+$-94.50$\,Wm$^{-2}$, respectively, and the mean value
+$-96.75$\,Wm$^{-2}$ is used.
+
+\subsection*{Bowen ratio data}
+
+The relation ship between surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat
+strongly dominates the temperature profile near surface. Values were
+taken from \citet{Be69}. These values were measured in 1964 on the area
+of a meteorological research station of the University of Munich,
+Germany, located in the surroundings of the city. It is not clear how
+representative they are these values are for whole southern Germany and
+how representative they are for a monthly mean averaged over many years.
+However, due to lack of better data these values, given in Table~\ref{tab:12}
+are used in the calculations.
+
+\begin{table}[t]
+\caption[]{Bowen ratios for July and October, southern Germany used in
+the calculations}
+\begin{tabular*}{84.22mm}{@{\hspace{0pt}\extracolsep{10pt}}cc@{\hspace{0pt}}}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+month & sensible heat / latent heat \\
+& $\rm Wm\it^{-2} /\rm Wm\it^{-2} $ \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+July & 24 / 130 \\
+October & 9 / 31 \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\hline
+\end{tabular*}
+\label{tab:12}
+\end{table}
+
+\end{appendix}
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{}
+
+\bibitem[Arnott \etal(1994)]{Ar94} {\bf Arnott, W.P., Y.Y. Dong, J.
+Hallett, and M.R. Poellot}, Role of small ice crystals in radiative
+properties of cirrus: a case-study, FIRE II, November 22, 1991, {\it J.
+Geophys. Res.}, {\bf 99}, 1371--1381, 1994.
+
+\bibitem[Bakan \etal(1994)]{Ba94} {\bf Bakan, S., M. Betancor, V.
+Gayler, and H. Grassl}, Contrail frequency over Europe from
+NOAA-satellite images, {\it Ann. Geophysicae}, {\bf 12}, 962--968, 1994.
+
+\bibitem[Berz(1969)]{Be69} {\bf Berz, G.}, {\it Energiehaushalt der
+Bodenoberfl\"ache}, {\it Meteorologisches Institut der Universit\"at
+M\"unchen}, 1969.
+
+\bibitem[Deepak and Gerber(1983)]{WM83} {\bf Deepak, A., and H.E. Gerber
+(eds.)}, Report of the expert meeting on aerosols and their climatic
+effects, {\bf WCP-55}, 1983
+
+\bibitem[Deutscher Wetterdienst(1981)]{DWD} {\bf Europaeischer
+Wetterbericht}, DWD, Amtsblatt des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, D6168, ISSN
+0341-2970, 1981--1985.
+
+\bibitem[Gayet \etal(1996)]{Ga96} {\bf Gayet, J.-F., G. Febvre, G.
+Brogniez, H. Chepfer, W. Renger, and P. Wendling}, Microphysical and
+optical properties of cirrus and contrails: cloud field study on 13
+October 1989, {\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 53}, 126--138, 1996.
+
+\bibitem[Hess and Wiegner(1994)]{He94} {\bf Hess, M., and M. Wiegner},
+COP: Data library of optical properties of hexagonal ice crystals, {\it
+Appl. Opt.}, {\bf 33}, 7740--7746, 1994.
+
+\bibitem[Heymsfield and Platt(1984)]{He84} {\bf Heymsfield, A.J., and
+C.M.R. Platt}, A parameterization of the particle size spectrum of ice
+clouds in terms of the ambient temperature and the ice water content,
+{\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 41}, 846--855, 1984.
+
+\bibitem[Iaquinta \etal(1995)]{Ia95} {\bf Iaquinta, J., H. Isaka, and P.
+Personne}, Scattering phase function of bullet rosette ice crystals,
+{\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 52}, 1401--1413, 1995.
+
+\bibitem[Koepke(1992)]{Ko92} {\bf Koepke, P., R. Meerkoetter, W. Thomas,
+and B. Vogel}, Albedo in Mitteleuropa aus METEOSAT-Minimumcounts, {\it
+Meteorologisches Institut der Universit\"at M\"unchen, Forschungsbericht
+`MIM-FB92-S4'}, 1992.
+
+\bibitem[Liou(1992)]{Li92} {\bf Liou, K.N.}, {\it Radiation and cloud
+processes in the atmosphere}, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992.
+
+\bibitem[Liou and Ou(1983)]{Li83} {\bf Liou, K.N., and S.C. Ou}, Theory
+of equilibrium temperatures in radiative-turbulent atmospheres, {\it J.
+Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 40}, 214--229, 1983.
+
+\bibitem[Liou \etal(1985)]{Li85} {\bf Liou, K.N., S.C. Ou, and P.J. Lu},
+Interactive cloud formation and climatic temperature perturbations, {\it
+J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 42}, 1969--1981, 1985.
+
+\bibitem[Liou \etal(1990)]{Li90} {\bf Liou, K.N., S.C. Ou, and G.
+Koenig}, An investigation on the climatic effect of contrail cirrus, in:
+{\it Air traffic and the environment -- background, tendencies and
+potential global atmospheric effects, Ed. U. Schumann, Proc. DLR Int.
+Coll., Bonn, Germany}, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York 1990.
+
+\bibitem[McClatchey \etal(1972)]{MC72} {\bf McClatchey, R.A., R.W. Fenn,
+J.E.A. Selby, F.E. Volz, and J.S. Garing}, Optical properties of the
+atmosphere (third edition), {\it Air Force Systems Command, United
+States Air Force, AFCRL-72-0497}, 1972.
+
+\bibitem[Macke(1993)]{Ma93} {\bf Macke, A.}, Scattering of light by
+polyhedral ice crystals, {\it Appl. Opt.}, {\bf 32}, 2780--2788, 1993.
+
+\bibitem[Plass \etal(1973)]{Pl73} {\bf Plass, G.N., G.W. Kattawar, and
+F.E. Catchings}, Matrix operator theory of radiative transfer. 1:
+Rayleigh scattering, {\it Appl. Opt.}, {\bf 12}, 314--329, 1973.
+
+\bibitem[Ponater \etal(1996)]{Po96} {\bf Ponater, M., S. Brinkop, R.
+Sausen, and U. Schumann}, Simulating the global atmospheric response to
+aircraft water vapour emissions and contrails: a first approach using a
+GCM, {\it Ann. Geophysicae}, {\bf 14}, 941--960, 1996.
+
+\bibitem[Schumann(1994)]{Schu94} {\bf Schumann, U.}, On the effect of
+emissions from aircraft engines on the state of the atmosphere, {\it
+Ann. Geophysicae}, {\bf 12}, 365--384,\break 1994.
+
+\bibitem[Stackhouse and Stephens(1991)]{St91} {\bf Stackhouse, P.W., and
+G.L. Stephens}, A theoretical and observational study of the radiative
+properties of cirrus: results from FIRE 1986, {\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf
+48}, 2044--2059, 1991.
+
+\bibitem[Strauss(1996)]{St96} {\bf Strauss, B.}, On the scattering
+behaviour of bullet-rosette and bullet-shaped ice crystals, {\it Ann.
+Geophysicae}, {\bf 14}, 566--573, 1996.
+
+\bibitem[Stroem(1993)]{St93} {\bf Stroem, J.}, Numerical and airborne
+experimental studies of aerosol and cloud properties in the troposphere,
+{\it Dissertation, Dep.\break Meteorology, Stockholm University, ISBN
+91-7153-168-8},\break 1993.
+
+\bibitem[Takano and Liou(1989)]{Ta89} {\bf Takano, Y.,and K.-N. Liou},
+Solar radiative transfer in cirrus clouds. Part I: single--scattering
+and optical properties of hexagonal ice crystals, {\it J. Atmos. Sci.},
+{\bf 46}, 3--19, 1989.
+
+\bibitem[Warren(1984)]{Wa84} {\bf Warren, S.G.}, Optical constants of
+ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave, {\it Appl. Opt.}, {\bf 23},
+1206--1223, 1984.
+
+\bibitem[Warren \etal(1988)]{Wa88} {\bf Warren, S.G., C.J. Hahn, J.
+London, R.M. Chervin, and R.L. Jenne}, Global distribution of total
+cloud cover and cloud type amounts over land, {\it NCAR, Technical
+Notes}, 1988.
+
+\bibitem[Wielicki \etal(1990)]{Wi90} {\bf Wielicki, B.A., J.T. Suttles,
+A.J. Heymsfield, R.M. Welch, J.D. Spinhirne, M.C. Wu, D.O'C. Starr, L.
+Parker, and R.F. Arduini}, The 27--28 October 1986 FIRE IFO cirrus
+study: comparison of radiative transfer theory with observations by
+satellite and aircraft, {\it Mon. Wea. Rev.}, {\bf 118}, 2356--2376,
+1990.
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/natbib.dtx b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/natbib.dtx
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+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/natbib.dtx
@@ -0,0 +1,3221 @@
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+\ProvidesFile
+%========================================================================
+ {NATBIB.DTX}
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+% Installation:
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+% all - (with package) to include all author-year systems
+% else individually with:
+% apalike, newapa, chicago, harvard, authordate, astron
+% agu - (with package,subpack) for inclusion in aguplus package
+% egs- (with package,subpack) for inclusion in egs package
+% nopreonly - allows \citestyle and \bibpunct to be used anywhere
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+%<package&209>\def\ProvidesPackage#1#2]
+%<package&209> {\typeout{Style option `#1'#2]}}
+%
+% *** Identify the package file:-
+%<package&!209>\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1994/06/01]
+%<package>\ProvidesPackage{natbib}
+%</!subpack>
+%
+% *** Provide command to dislay module version
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+%<package&subpack> \ModuleVersion{natbib}
+%
+% *** Identify the driver file:-
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+% *** The DATE, VERSION, and other INFO
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+%\ProvidesFile{natbib}
+ [1997/02/05 6.5 (PWD)]
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+%% NOTICE:
+%% This file may be used for non-profit purposes.
+%% It may not be distributed in exchange for money,
+%% other than distribution costs.
+%%
+%% The author provides it `as is' and does not guarantee it in any way.
+%%
+%</!subpack>
+%</package>
+%% Natbib coding copyright (C) 1994--1997 Patrick W. Daly
+%<*package>
+%<*!subpack>
+%% Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Aeronomie
+%% Postfach 20
+%% D-37189 Katlenburg-Lindau
+%% Germany
+%%
+%% E-mail:
+%% Internet-- daly@linmpi.dnet.gwdg.de
+%%-----------------------------------------------------------
+%</!subpack>
+%</package>
+% END META-COMMENT \fi
+% \changes{4.0}{1993 Aug 19}{First documented release}
+% \changes{4.1}{1993 Oct 4}{Simplification of \cs{@citeapalk}}
+% \changes{4.1a}{1993 Oct 14}{Add \texttt{rev} option for reversed comments
+% in \cs{cite}}
+% \changes{4.1b}{1993 Oct 18}{Add \cs{bibfont} to list definition =\cs{relax}}
+% \changes{4.2}{1993 Oct 22}{Add coding for AGU, NLINPROC}
+% \changes{4.2}{1993 Nov 20}{Add more coding for AGU}
+% \changes{4.3a}{1994 Feb 24}{First additions for \LaTeXe}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Revised for \LaTeXe{} and 2.09}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Remove obsolete JGR, GRL coding}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Add \cs{citeauthor}, \cs{citeyear}}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Two optional texts for \cs{cite} so \texttt{rev}
+% option obsolete}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{\LaTeXe\ options to select punctuation}
+% \changes{5.1}{1994 Jun 22}{Conform to first official release of \LaTeXe}
+% \changes{5.1}{1994 Jun 22}{Separate \LaTeX\ and 2.09 files}
+% \changes{5.1}{1994 Jun 22}{Put doc driver first}
+% \changes{5.2}{1994 Aug 25}{Fix up 2.09 style to run in compatibility mode}
+% \changes{5.2}{1994 Aug 25}{\cs{citeauthor}, \cs{citeyear} make BibTeX
+% entry in aux file}
+% \changes{5.2}{1994 Aug 25}{\cs{@citex} defined as in \LaTeXe}
+% \changes{5.2}{1994 Aug 25}{Local config file \texttt{natbib.cfg} read in}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add \cs{citefullauthor}, options \texttt{angle},
+% \texttt{curly}}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 19}{Add star version of \cs{cite} for full authors}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 26}{Fix accents in citations with proper definition
+% of \cs{protect}}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Add space in \cs{@citex} for text cites}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Replace \cs{if@tempswa} by \cs{ifNAT@swa}}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Add superscript citation type to \cs{bibpunct}}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Add \cs{@citesuper}, fix up bugs in superscripts}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Define \cs{@citexnum} as in \LaTeXe}
+% \changes{5.4}{1995 Feb 03}{Add \cs{citestyle} same as \cs{bibstyle}}
+% \changes{5.4}{1995 Feb 08}{For repeated years and authors, print just letter}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 13}{Add \cs{bibhang} and command space in
+% \cs{@cite}}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 16}{Add \cs{citealt} for citation with no
+% parentheses}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 24}{Reorganize internal commands, using \cs{NAT@}
+% prefixes}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 24}{Punctuation selection commands \cs{bibpunct},
+% \cs{citestyle} are now preamble only, whereas previously they had to
+% come after the preamble}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 14}{Change names of punctuation commands to
+% \cs{NAT@...}}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Allow numerical styles with author-year
+% \texttt{bst} files}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 21}{Add automatic indexing of citations}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 29}{Accommodate \texttt{index} package}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Nov 22}{Fixed for \LaTeXe\ \texttt{1995/12/01}}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Dec 4}{Make more robust against changes to internals}
+% \changes{6.1a}{1995 Dec 19}{Fix test for changed citations}
+% \changes{6.2}{1996 Jan 10}{Replace all \cs{uppercase}}
+% \changes{6.2}{1996 Jan 11}{Add \cs{citet}}
+% \changes{6.2}{1996 Feb 2}{Fix superscript size}
+% \changes{6.2}{1996 Mar 05}{Add length \cs{bibsep} for linespacing between
+% references}
+% \changes{6.2}{1996 Apr 15}{Fix clash with \texttt{amsart} and
+% \texttt{amsbook}}
+% \changes{6.3}{1996 Jun 10}{Allow \texttt{showkeys} to be loaded first}
+% \changes{6.3}{1996 Jun 17}{Fix punctuation for \texttt{plainnat}}
+% \changes{6.3}{1996 Jun 17}{Suppress extra labels with numericals}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Jun 18}{Provide \cs{bibname} and \cs{refname}}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Jun 27}{Change \texttt{nlinproc} option to \texttt{egs}}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 1}{Make compatible with \texttt{chapterbib.sty}}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 12}{Fix spacing for superscripts}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 12}{Extra letter printed with \cs{citeyear}}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 13}{Add compression and sorting of numerical citations}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Make compatible with \texttt{hyperref.sty}}
+% \changes{6.5}{1996 Dec 11}{KOMA script compatibility}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 10}{For EGS, no blank line between references}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 30}{Recode notes so they work with \cs{citet} and
+% \cs{citep}; change documentation to stress these commands over \cs{cite}}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Feb 5}{Fix KOMA script properly}
+%
+% \CheckSum{1706}
+% \CharacterTable
+% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+%
+% \iffalse
+%<*install>
+%^^A =============================================
+%^^A Here is the docstrip installation file
+%^^A It is written on first LaTeX run
+%^^A =============================================
+\begin{filecontents}{natbib.ins}
+% Simply TeX or LaTeX this file to extract various files from
+% the source file `natbib.dtx'
+% Comment out the \generateFile lines for any files you do not want.
+
+\def\batchfile{natbib.ins}
+\input docstrip
+
+\preamble
+
+Only a few abbreviated comments remain here to describe the usage.
+
+\endpreamble
+\postamble
+<<<<< End of decommented file <<<<<<
+\endpostamble
+\keepsilent
+
+\generateFile{natbib.sty}{f}{\from{natbib.dtx}{package,all}}
+
+\preamble
+
+This is the LaTeX 2.09 version of the package.
+It will not be maintained forever.
+Please upgrade to LaTeX2e so that you may use the proper package.
+
+Only a few abbreviated comments remain here to describe the usage.
+
+\endpreamble
+
+% Activate the next line to get a version for running under LaTeX 2.09
+%\generateFile{natbib209.sty}{f}{\from{natbib.dtx}{package,all,209}}
+
+\preamble
+
+This is the driver file to produce the LaTeX documentation from the
+source file \inFileName.
+Make changes to it as needed. (Never change the \inFileName file!)
+\endpreamble
+\postamble
+
+End of documentation driver file.
+\endpostamble
+
+% Activate the next line for a documentation driver
+% that you can configure yourself.
+%\generateFile{natbib.drv}{f}{\from{natbib.dtx}{driver}}
+
+\obeyspaces
+\Msg{*******************************************}%
+\Msg{* For documentation, process natbib.dtx *}%
+\Msg{* or the driver file natbib.drv *}%
+\Msg{* (LaTeX2e only!) *}%
+\Msg{*******************************************}
+\end{filecontents}
+%</install>
+%<*driver>
+\documentclass{ltxdoc}
+%<driver>%\documentclass[twoside]{ltxdoc}
+%<driver>%\documentclass[a4paper]{ltxdoc}
+%<driver>%\documentclass[twoside,a4paper]{ltxdoc}
+\raggedbottom
+
+ %** To include the detailed explanation of the coding, comment out
+ %** the next line
+\OnlyDescription
+
+ %** To produce a command index: add the following line for one run,
+ %** then run makeindex -s gind.ist natbib
+ %** and reprocess, with or without this line (much faster without)
+%<driver>% \EnableCrossrefs\CodelineIndex
+
+ %** To produce a change history: add the following line for one run,
+ %** then run makeindex -s gglo.ist -o natbib.gls natbib.glo
+ %** and reprocess, with or without this line (faster without)
+%<driver>% \RecordChanges
+
+\DisableCrossrefs %May stay; zapped by \EnableCrossrefs
+\CodelineNumbered %May stay
+
+\begin{document}
+ \DocInput{natbib.dtx}
+\end{document}
+%</driver>
+%\fi
+%
+% \DoNotIndex{\begin,\CodelineIndex,\CodelineNumbered,\def,\DisableCrossrefs}
+% \DoNotIndex{\DocInput,\documentclass,\EnableCrossrefs,\end,\GetFileInfo}
+% \DoNotIndex{\NeedsTeXFormat,\OnlyDescription,\RecordChanges,\usepackage}
+% \DoNotIndex{\ProvidesClass,\ProvidesPackage,\ProvidesFile,\RequirePackage}
+% \DoNotIndex{\LoadClass,\PassOptionsToClass,\PassOptionsToPackage}
+% \DoNotIndex{\DeclareOption,\CurrentOption,\ProcessOptions,\ExecuteOptions}
+% \DoNotIndex{\AtEndOfClass,\AtEndOfPackage,\AtBeginDocument,\AtEndDocument}
+% \DoNotIndex{\InputIfFileExists,\IfFileExists,\ClassError,\PackageError}
+% \DoNotIndex{\ClassWarning,\PackageWarning,\ClassWarningNoLine}
+% \DoNotIndex{\PackageWarningNoLine,\ClassInfo,\PackageInfo,\MessageBreak}
+% \DoNotIndex{\space,\protect,\DeclareRobustCommand,\CheckCommand}
+% \DoNotIndex{\newcommand,\renewcommand,\providecommand,\newenvironment}
+% \DoNotIndex{\renewenvironment,\newif,\newlength,\newcounter,\setlength}
+% \DoNotIndex{\setcounter,\if,\ifx,\ifcase,\ifnum,\ifdim,\else,\fi}
+% \DoNotIndex{\texttt,\textbf,\textrm,\textsl,\textsc,\reset@font}
+% \DoNotIndex{\textup,\textit,\textmd,\textsf,\emph,\futurelet}
+% \DoNotIndex{\ttfamily,\rmfamily,\sffamily,\mdseries,\bfseries,\upshape}
+% \DoNotIndex{\slshape,\scshape,\itshape,\em,\LaTeX,\LaTeXe}
+% \DoNotIndex{\filename,\fileversion,\filedate,\let,\makeindex}
+% \DoNotIndex{\@auxout,\@for,\@gobble,\@ifnextchar,\@m,\@mkboth,\@nil}
+% \DoNotIndex{\@noitemerr,\@tempa,\@tempswafalse,\@tempswatrue,\@warning}
+% \DoNotIndex{\advance,\arabic,\AtBeginDocument,\bf,\bibname,\chapter}
+% \DoNotIndex{\citation,\clubpenalty,\CodelineNumbered,\csname}
+% \DoNotIndex{\DisableCrossrefs,\do,\edef,\else,\endcsname,\endlist}
+% \DoNotIndex{\expandafter,\fi,\gdef,\global,\hbox,\hfill,\hskip,\hspace}
+% \DoNotIndex{\if,\if@filesw,\if@tempswa,\ifx,\immediate,\itemindent,\labelsep}
+% \DoNotIndex{\labelwidth,\lastskip,\leftmargin,\list,\mbox,\newblock}
+% \DoNotIndex{\newpage,\p@enumiv,\parindent,\penalty,\refname}
+% \DoNotIndex{\relax,\section,\settowidth,\sfcode,\sloppy,\small,\string}
+% \DoNotIndex{\theenumiv,\thepage,\unskip,\uppercase,\usecounter,\vskip}
+% \DoNotIndex{\widowpenalty,\write,\xdef,\z@,\catcode,\ifnum,\the}
+% \DoNotIndex{\.,\@empty,\@ifundefined,\@latex@warning,\@minus,\@plus,\ }
+% \DoNotIndex{\document,\@namedef,\@listi}
+% \DoNotIndex{\listparindent,\noexpand,\par,\parsep,\pb,\pbf,\pbfseries}
+% \DoNotIndex{\pc,\pd,\pem,\pit,\pitshape,\pmdseries,\prm,\prmfamily,\psc}
+% \DoNotIndex{\pscshape,\psf,\psffamily,\psl,\pslshape,\ptt,\pttfamily}
+% \DoNotIndex{\pupshape,\@iden,\@firstofone,\@unexpandable@protect}
+% \DoNotIndex{\&,\{,\},\bibitem,\bibindent,\if@draft,\typeout}
+% \DoNotIndex{\@ifclassloaded,\@ifstar,\@onlypreamble,\@preamblecmds}
+% \DoNotIndex{\addtolength,\endinput,\@bsphack,\begingroup,\@wrindex}
+% \DoNotIndex{\@listctr,\bibname,\enddocument,\hfil,\ignorespaces,\item}
+% \DoNotIndex{\NAT@temp,\refname,\stepcounter,\@ifpackageloaded}
+% \DoNotIndex{\@gobbletwo,\index,\itemsep,\markright,\scriptsize}
+% \DoNotIndex{\textsuperscript}
+%
+% \setcounter{IndexColumns}{2}
+% \setlength{\IndexMin}{10cm}
+% \setcounter{StandardModuleDepth}{1}
+%
+% \hyphenation{par-en-the-ti-cal}
+%
+% \GetFileInfo{natbib}
+%
+% \title{{\bfseries Natural Sciences Citations and References}\\
+% (Author--Year and Numerical Schemes)}
+%
+% \author{Patrick W. Daly}
+%
+% \date{This paper describes package \texttt{\filename}\\
+% version \fileversion{} from \filedate\\[1ex]
+%^^A \textsl{It is part of the \texttt{preprint} collection of packages}\\
+% \textbf{It is intended for \LaTeXe}
+% \\ (but does include a variant for \LaTeX~2.09)
+% }
+%
+% \maketitle
+%
+% \pagestyle{myheadings}
+% \markboth{P. W. Daly}{NATURAL SCIENCES CITATIONS AND REFERENCES}
+%
+% \newcommand{\btx}{\textsc{Bib}\TeX}
+% \newcommand{\thestyle}{\texttt{\filename}}
+%
+%^^A In order to keep all marginal notes on the one (left) side:
+%^^A (otherwise they switch sides disasterously with twoside option)
+% \makeatletter \@mparswitchfalse \makeatother
+%
+% \begin{abstract}
+% Journals in the natural sciences tend to use the author--year style of
+% literature citations, in contrast to the numerical style supported by
+% \LaTeX{} and \btx. A number of contributed packages exist to accommodate this
+% citation mode, but each one is tailored to a limited number of \btx\ style
+% (\texttt{.bst} files. The reason is that each one reads in the author--year
+% information in different formats for the |\bibitem| commands.
+% In contrast,
+% the \thestyle{} package supports not only the various author--year
+% bibliography styles, but also those for standard numerical citations. In
+% fact, it can also produce numerical citations even with an author--year
+% bibliographic style, something that permits easy switching between the
+% two citation modes. To this end, replacements for the standard
+% \LaTeX\ \texttt{.bst} files are also provided.
+%
+% It is possible to define the citation \emph{style} (type of brackets and
+% punctuation between citations) and even to associate it with the name of the
+% bibliographic style so that it is automatically activated. Citation styles
+% can be defined for local \texttt{.bst} files by means of a configuration file
+% \thestyle\texttt{.cfg}.
+%
+% It is compatible with the packages: \texttt{index}, \texttt{showkeys},
+% \texttt{chapterbib}, \texttt{hyperref},
+% and with the classes \texttt{amsbook} and
+% \texttt{amsart}. It can also emulate the sorting and compressing
+% functions of the \texttt{cite} package (with which it is otherwise
+% incompatible).
+%
+% The \thestyle\ package therefore acts as a single, flexible interface for
+% most of the available bibliographic styles.
+%
+% \end{abstract}
+%
+% \section{Introduction}
+% The first problem of using author--year literature citations with standard
+% \LaTeX{} is that the two forms of citations are not supported. These are:
+% \begin{quote}
+% textual: \dots\ as shown by Jones et al. (1990) \dots\\
+% parenthetical: It has been shown (Jones et al., 1990) that \dots
+% \end{quote}
+% There is only one |\cite| command to do both jobs.
+%
+% A second problem is that the \texttt{thebibliography} environment for
+% listing the references insists on including the {\em labels\/} in the
+% list. These labels are normally the numbers, needed for referencing. In
+% the author--year system, they are superfluous and should be left off.
+% Thus, if one were to make up a bibliography with the author--year as
+% label, as
+% \begin{quote}
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \begin{thebibliography}{...}
+% \bibitem[Jones et al., 1990]{jon90}
+% Jones, P. K., . . .
+% \end{thebibliography}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% \end{quote}
+% then |\cite{jon90}| produces the parenthetical citation [Jones et al.,
+% 1990], but there is no way to get the textual citation. Furthermore,
+% the citation text will also be included in the list of references.
+%
+% The final problem is to find a \btx{} bibliography style that will be
+% suitable.
+%
+% \section{Previous Solutions}
+% \begin{quote}\slshape
+% This section may not be of interest to all users. To find out how to use
+% \thestyle\ without reading about the historical background, go to
+% Section~\ref{sec:usage}.
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% Although the author--year citation mode is not supported by
+% \emph{standard} \LaTeX, there are a number of contributed packages that
+% try to solve this problem. The various bibliographic styles
+% (\texttt{.bst} files) that exist are usually tailored to be used with a
+% particular \LaTeX{} package.
+%
+% I have found a large number of \texttt{.bst} files on file servers that may
+% act as indicators of the various systems available.
+%
+% \subsection{The \texttt{natsci.bst} Style}
+% What gave me my first inspiration was Stephen Gildea's \texttt{natsci.bst}
+% for use with his \texttt{agujgr.sty} file. This showed me that the problem
+% was solvable. However, Gildea's style formats |\bibitem| just as I
+% illustrated above: with an optional label consisting of abbreviated
+% authors and year. Thus only parenthetical citations can be accommodated.
+% The list of references, however, is fixed up in his style files.
+%
+% \subsection{The \texttt{apalike.bst} Style}
+% Oren Patashnik, the originator of \btx{} and the standard \texttt{.bst}
+% files, has also worked on an author--year style, called \texttt{apalike.bst}
+% with a corresponding \texttt{apalike.sty} to support it. Again, only the
+% parenthetical citation is provided. Except for the fact that his style
+% works with version~0.99 of \btx, its functionality is identical to that
+% of the \texttt{natsci} files.
+%
+% Patashnik does not like author--year citations. He makes this very clear
+% in his \btx{} manuals and in the header to \texttt{apalike.bst}.
+% Nevertheless, one should respect his work in this area, simply because he
+% should be the best expert on matters of \btx. Thus \texttt{apalike.bst}
+% could be the basis for other styles.
+%
+% The form of the \texttt{thebibliography} entries in this system is
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\bibitem[Jones et al., 1990]{jon90}...|
+% \end{quote}
+% the same as I illustrated earlier. This is the most minimal form that can
+% be given. I name it the \texttt{apalike} variant, after Patashnik's
+% \texttt{apalike.bst} and \texttt{apalike.sty}. However, there could be many
+% independent \texttt{.bst} files that follow this line.
+%
+% The bibliography style files belonging to this group include:
+% \begin{quote}
+% \texttt{apalike}, \texttt{apalike2}, \texttt{cea}, \texttt{cell},
+% \texttt{jmb}, \texttt{phapalik}, \texttt{phppcf}, \texttt{phrmp}
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% \subsection{The \texttt{newapa} Style}
+% A major improvement has been achieved with \texttt{newapa.bst} and the
+% accompanying \texttt{newapa.sty} files by Stephen N. Spencer and Young U.
+% Ryu. Under their system, three separate items of information are included
+% in the |\bibitem| label, to be used as required. These are: the full
+% author list, the abbreviated list, and the year. This is accomplished by
+% means of a |\citeauthoryear| command included in the label, as
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Jones, Barker,|\\
+% | and Williams}{Jones et al.}{1990}]{jon90}...|
+% \end{quote}
+% Actually, this only illustrates the basic structure of |\citeauthoryear|;
+% the \texttt{newapa} files go even further to replace some words and
+% punctuation
+% with commands. For example, the word `and' above is really
+% |\betweenauthors|, something that must be defined in the \texttt{.sty} file.
+% Of course, |\citeauthoryear| is also defined in that file. A
+% number of different |\cite| commands are available to print out the
+% citation with complete author list, with the short list, with or without
+% the date, the textual or parenthetical form.
+%
+% Thus the |\citeauthoryear| entry in |\bibitem| is very flexible,
+% permitting the style file to generate every citation form that one might
+% want. It is used by a number of other styles, with corresponding
+% \texttt{.sty} files. They all appear to have been inspired by
+% \texttt{newapa.bst}, although they lack the extra punctuation commands.
+%
+% Bibliographic style files belonging to the \texttt{newapa} group include
+% \begin{quote}
+% \texttt{newapa}, \texttt{chicago}, \texttt{chicagoa}, \texttt{jas99},
+% \texttt{named}
+% \end{quote}
+% Note: the last of these, \texttt{named.bst}, uses |\citeauthoryear| in a
+% slightly different manner, with only two arguments: the short list and
+% year.
+%
+% \subsection{The Harvard Family}
+% The same effect is achieved by a different approach in the Harvard family
+% of bibliographic styles. Here a substitute for |\bibitem| is used, as
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\harvarditem[Jones et al.]{Jones, Baker, and|\\
+% | Williams}{1990}{jon90}...|
+% \end{quote}
+% The accompanying interface package file is called \texttt{harvard.sty}
+% and is written by Peter Williams and Thorsten Schnier. It
+% defines |\harvarditem| as well as the citation commands |\cite|, for
+% parenthentical, and |\citeasnoun|, for textual citations. The first
+% citation uses the long author list, following ones the shorter list, if
+% it has been given in the optional argument to |\harvarditem|.
+%
+% Bibliography styles belonging to the Harvard family are
+% \begin{quote}
+% \texttt{agsm}, \texttt{dcu}, \texttt{kluwer}
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% This package has been updated for \LaTeXe, with many additions to
+% add flexibility. The result is a powerful interface that should meet most
+% citation needs. (It does not suppress repeated authors, though,
+% as \thestyle{} does.)
+%
+% \subsection{The Astronomy Style}
+% Apparently realizing the limitations of his \texttt{apalike} system, Oren
+% Patashnik went on to develop a `true' \texttt{apa} bibliographic style,
+% making use of the method already employed by an astronomy journal. This
+% is actually very similar to the \texttt{newapa} label but with only the
+% short list of authors:
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\bibitem[\protect\astroncite{Jones et al.}{1990}]{jon90}|\\
+% | ...|
+% \end{quote}
+% It requires the package file \texttt{astron.sty}
+% or any other style that defines |\astroncite| appropriately.
+%
+% Bibliographic styles belonging to the astronomy group are
+% \begin{quote}
+% \texttt{apa}, \texttt{astron}, \texttt{bbs}, \texttt{cbe},
+% \texttt{humanbio}, \texttt{humannat}, \texttt{jtb}
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% This is as good as the |\citeauthoryear| command, although not as
+% flexible since the full list of authors is missing.
+%
+% \subsection{The \texttt{authordate} Style}
+% Finally, I have also found some packages making use of a label command
+% called |\citename| in the form
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\bibitem[\protect\citename{Jones et al., }1990]{jon90}|\\
+% | ...|
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% This is not a good system since the author list and date are not cleanly
+% separated as individual arguments, and since the punctuation is included
+% in the label text. It is better to keep the punctuation fully removed, as
+% part of the definitions in the \texttt{.sty} file, for complete flexibility.
+%
+% Bibliographic styles belonging to this group are
+% \begin{quote}
+% \texttt{authordate1}, \texttt{authordate2}, \texttt{authordate3},
+% \texttt{authordate4}, \texttt{aaai-named}
+% \end{quote}
+% with accompanying style file \texttt{authordate1-4.sty}.
+%
+% \section{The \thestyle{} System}
+% The form of the |\bibitem| entry that I have used for all my
+% bibliographic styles is only slightly more complicated than the minimal
+% one, but allows a clean separation between authors and date:
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{jon90}...|\\[1ex]
+% or alternatively\\[1ex]
+% |\bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, |\\
+% \hspace*{2em}|and Williams]{jon90}...|
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% (One weakness of the \thestyle{} format is that it fails if the author
+% list itself contains parentheses! This may be fixed up if the author list
+% is grouped in curly braces.)
+%
+% I wanted to name the system something like `natural sciences bibliography',
+% intending it to be a variant of \texttt{natsci.sty}. Since that name
+% was already taken, I resorted to the rather cryptic, and definitely ugly,
+% \thestyle.
+%
+% The \thestyle\texttt{.sty} package\footnote{Formerly called a \emph{style
+% file} in the older \LaTeX~2.09 terminology.}
+% supports not only my own |\bibitem| format, but
+% also all the others described here, plus numerical citation modes.
+% The additional questions of citation style (type of brackets, commas or
+% semi-colons between citations) can be defined once and for all for each
+% \texttt{.bst} file and need never be specified explicitly in the source text.
+% The use of |\cite| is the same for all citation styles, meaning that the
+% additional features that might be available in the `proper' \texttt{.sty}
+% file will be missing. (This could be changed later.) The result is a
+% single \LaTeX{} package to handle {\em all\/} the bibliographic
+% styles in a uniform manner.
+%
+% As of version 5.1 (1994 June 22), the source file contains coding for a
+% \LaTeXe{} package file (the new standard) as well as that for an older
+% \LaTeX~2.09 style option file. The latter is extracted with the
+% \texttt{docstrip} option \texttt{209}.
+%
+% \begin{quote}\slshape
+% \textbf{New to version 6.0}: (1995 Sep 29) \\
+% In previous versions, each \texttt{.bst} file was either numerical or
+% author--year only. Applying the wrong mode led to grotesque results, and
+% the mode could not always be selected automatically. With version~6.0,
+% all the author--year bibliographic style files can also be used for
+% \emph{numerical} citations, by simply selecting the mode in one of the
+% ways described in Sections~\ref{sec:bibpunct} and \ref{sec:opts}. It is
+% not possible to employ author-year citations with pure numerical
+% \texttt{.bst} files, and never will be.
+%
+% See Section~\ref{sec:6.0} for more information.
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% \section{Using this Package}\label{sec:usage}
+%
+% In this paper, I distinguish between the citation \emph{mode} (author--year
+% or numerical) and citation \emph{style} (the type of punctuation used for
+% citations). The citation style is something that is independent of the
+% bibliography style and is not programmed in the \texttt{.bst} files.
+%
+% \subsection{Basic Citation Commands}
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\citet}
+% \DescribeMacro{\citep}
+% The \thestyle{} package has two basic citation commands, |\citet| and
+% |\citep| for \emph{textual} and \emph{parenthetical} citations, respectively.
+% There also exist the starred versions |\citet*| and |\citep*| that print
+% the full author list, and not just the abbreviated one.
+% All of these may take one or two optional arguments to add some text before
+% and after the citation.
+% \begin{quote}
+% \begin{tabular}{l@{\quad$\Rightarrow$\quad}l}
+% |\citet{jon90}| & Jones et al. (1990)\\
+% |\citet[chap.~2]{jon90}| & Jones et al. (1990, chap.~2)\\[0.5ex]
+% |\citep{jon90}| & (Jones et al., 1990)\\
+% |\citep[chap.~2]{jon90}| & (Jones et al., 1990, chap.~2)\\
+% |\citep[see][]{jon90}| & (see Jones et al., 1990)\\
+% |\citep[see][chap.~2]{jon90}| & (see Jones et al., 1990, chap.~2)\\[0.5ex]
+% |\citet*{jon90}| & Jones, Baker, and Williams (1990)\\
+% |\citep*{jon90}| & (Jones, Baker, and Williams, 1990)
+% \end{tabular}
+% \end{quote}
+% The starred versions can only list the full authors if the \texttt{.bst}
+% file supports this feature; otherwise, the abbreviated list is printed.
+%
+% In standard \LaTeX, the |\cite| command can only take a single optional
+% text for a note after the citation; here, a single optional text is a
+% post-note, while two are the pre- and post-note. To have only a pre-note, it
+% is necessary to provide an empty post-note text, as shown above.
+%
+% Multiple citations may be made as usual, by including more than one
+% citation key in the |\cite| command argument. \textsl{If adjacent citations
+% have the same author designation but different years, then the author
+% names are not reprinted.}
+% \begin{quote}
+% \begin{tabular}{l@{\quad$\Rightarrow$\quad}l}
+% |\citet{jon90,jam91}| & Jones et al. (1990); James et al. (1991)\\
+% |\citep{jon90,jam91}| & (Jones et al., 1990; James et al. 1991)\\
+% |\citep{jon90,jon91}| & (Jones et al., 1990, 1991)\\
+% |\citep{jon90a,jon90b}| & (Jones et al., 1990a,b)
+% \end{tabular}
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% These examples are for author--year citation mode. In numerical mode, the
+% results are different.
+% \begin{quote}
+% \begin{tabular}{l@{\quad$\Rightarrow$\quad}l}
+% |\citet{jon90}| & Jones et al. [21]\\
+% |\citet[chap.~2]{jon90}| & Jones et al. [21, chap.~2]\\[0.5ex]
+% |\citep{jon90}| & [21]\\
+% |\citep[chap.~2]{jon90}| & [21, chap.~2]\\
+% |\citep[see][]{jon90}| & [see 21, 1990]\\
+% |\citep[see][chap.~2]{jon90}| & [see 21, chap.~2]\\[0.5ex]
+% |\citep{jon90a,jon90b}| & [21, 32]
+% \end{tabular}
+% \end{quote}
+% The authors can only be listed if the \texttt{.bst} file supports
+% author--year citations. The standard \texttt{.bst} files, such as
+% \texttt{plain.bst} are numerical only and transfer no author--year
+% information to \LaTeX. In this case, |\citet| prints ``\textbf{(author?)}
+% [21].''
+%
+% {\slshape Do not use multiple citations with the |\citet| command in
+% numerical mode!}
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\cite}
+% In the original versions of \thestyle, the traditional |\cite| command was
+% used for both textual and parenthetical citations. The presence of an empty
+% optional text in square brackets signaled parenthetical. This syntax has been
+% retained for compatibility, but is no longer encouraged.
+%
+% This means that |\cite| (without notes) is the same as |\citet| in
+% author--year mode, whereas in numerical mode, it is the same as |\citep|.
+% The starred version, as well as the one or two optional notes, may also be
+% used.
+%
+% \subsection{Extended Citation Commands}
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\citealt}
+% As an alternative form of citation, |\citealt| is the same as |\citet|
+% but \emph{without any parentheses}. Multiple references and the
+% starred variant also exist.
+% \begin{quote}
+% \begin{tabular}{l@{\quad$\Rightarrow$\quad}l}
+% |\citealt{jon90}| & Jones et al. 1990\\
+% |\citealt*{jon90}| & Jones, Baker, and Williams 1990\\
+% |\citealt{jon90,jam91}| & Jones et al. 1990; James et al. 1991
+% \end{tabular}
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\citeauthor}
+% \DescribeMacro{\citeyear}
+% \DescribeMacro{\citefullauthor}
+% In author--year schemes, it is sometimes desirable to be able to refer to
+% the authors without the year, or vice versa. This is provided with three
+% extra commands
+% \begin{quote}
+% \begin{tabular}{l@{\quad$\Rightarrow$\quad}l}
+% |\citeauthor{jon90}| & Jones et al.\\
+% |\citefullauthor{jon90}| & Jones, Baker, and Williams\\
+% |\citeyear{jon90}| & 1990
+% \end{tabular}
+% \end{quote}
+% If the full author information is missing, then |\citefullauthor| is
+% the same as |\citeauthor|, printing only the abbreviated list.
+% This also applies to the starred versions of |\citet| and |\citep|.
+%
+% If the author or year information is missing (as is the case with the
+% standard \LaTeX{} \texttt{.bst} files), these commands issue a warning.
+%
+% As of version~6.0, these commands may also be used with numerical
+% citations, provided an author--year \texttt{.bst} file is being employed.
+%
+% The native \thestyle{} form of the |\bibitem| entry now
+% also supports the full author list.
+%
+% \textsl{Multiple citations are \emph{not} allowed with these commands.}
+%
+% \subsection{Selecting Citation Punctuation}\label{sec:bibpunct}
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\bibpunct}
+% The above examples have been printed with the default citation style.
+% It is possible to change this, as well as to select numerical or
+% author--year mode, by means of the |\bibpunct| command, which takes
+% one optional and 6 mandatory arguments. The mandatory ones are:
+% \begin{enumerate}
+% \item the opening bracket symbol, default = (
+% \item the closing bracket symbol, default = )
+% \item the punctuation between multiple citations, default = ;
+% \item the letter `n' for numerical style, or `s' for numerical superscript
+% style, any other letter for
+% author--year, default = author--year; note, it is not necessary to
+% specify which author--year interface is being used, for all will be
+% recognized;
+% \item the punctuation that comes between the author names and the year
+% (parenthetical case only), default = ,
+% \item the punctuation that comes between years when common author lists
+% are suppressed (default = ,); if both authors and years are common,
+% the citation is printed as `1994a,b', but if a space is wanted between
+% the extra letters, then include the space in the argument, as |{,~}|.
+% \end{enumerate}
+%
+% The optional argument is the character preceding a post-note, default is a
+% comma.
+%
+% The |\bibpunct| command must be issued in the preamble, that is,
+% before |\begin{document}|. (\textbf{Note:} in versions 5.4 or earlier, this
+% declaration had to be given after the preamble!)
+%
+% Example~1, |\bibpunct{[}{]}{,}{a}{}{;}| changes the output of
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\citep{jon90,jon91,jam92}|
+% \end{quote}
+% into [Jones et al. 1990; 1991, James et al. 1992].
+%
+% Example~2, |\bibpunct[;]{(}{)}{,}{a}{}{;}| changes the output of
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\citep[and references therein]{jon90}|
+% \end{quote}
+% into (Jones et al. 1990; and references therein).
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\bibstyle@xxx}
+% Usually the citation style is determined by the journal
+% for which one is writing, and is as much a part of the bibliography style
+% as everything else. The \thestyle{} package allows
+% punctuation definitions to be directly coupled to the
+% |\bibliographystyle| command that must always be present when \btx{} is
+% used. It is this command that selects the \texttt{.bst} file; by adding such
+% a coupling to \thestyle{} for every \texttt{.bst} file that one might
+% want to use, it is not necessary to add |\bibpunct| explicitly in the
+% document itself, unless of course one wishes to override the preset
+% values.
+%
+% Such a coupling is achieved by defining a command |\bibstyle@|{\em bst},
+% where {\em bst\/} stands for the name of the \texttt{.bst} file. For example,
+% the American Geophysical Union (AGU) demands in its publications that
+% citations be made with square brackets and separated by semi-colons. I
+% have an \texttt{agu.bst} file to accomplish most of the formatting, but such
+% punctuations are not included in it. Instead, \thestyle{} has the
+% definition
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\newcommand{\bibstyle@agu}{\bibpunct{[}{]}{;}{a}{,}{,~}}|
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% These style defining commands may contain more than just |\bibpunct|.
+% Some numerical citation scheme require even more changes. For example,
+% the journal \textsl{Nature} not only uses superscripted numbers for
+% citations, it also prints the numbers in the list of references without
+% the normal square brackets. To
+% accommodate this, \thestyle{} contains the style definition
+% \begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
+% \newcommand{\bibstyle@nature}{\bibpunct{}{}{,}{s}{}{}%
+% \gdef\NAT@biblabelnum##1{##1.}}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% \end{quote}
+% The redefined |\NAT@biblabelnum| command specifies how the reference numbers
+% are to be formatted in the list of references itself.
+% The redefinition must be made with |\gdef|, not |\def| or
+% |\renewcommand|.
+%
+% The selected punctuation style and other redefinitions will not be in
+% effect on the first \LaTeX{} run, for they are stored to the auxiliary
+% file for the subsequent run.
+%
+% The user may add more such definitions of his own, to accommodate those
+% journals and \texttt{.bst} files that he has. He may either add them to
+% his local copy of \thestyle\texttt{.sty}, or better put them into a file
+% named \thestyle\texttt{.cfg}. This file will be read in if it exists,
+% adding any local configurations. Thus such configurations can survive
+% future updates of the package. (This is for \LaTeXe{} only.)
+%
+% \medskip
+% \noindent\textbf{Note:}
+% with version~6.0, any explicit call to |\bibpunct| has priority over the
+% predefined citation styles.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\citestyle}
+% A preprogrammed citation style is normally invoked by the command
+% |\bibliographystyle|, as described above. However, it may be that
+% one wants to apply a certain citation style to another bibliography
+% style. This may be done with |\citestyle|, given \emph{before}
+% |\begin{document}|. For example, to use the
+% \texttt{plain} bibliography style (for the list of references) with the
+% \textsl{Nature} style of citations (superscripts),
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\documentclass{article}|\\
+% |\usepackage{|\thestyle|}|\\
+% |. . . . .|\\
+% |\citestyle{nature}|\\
+% |\begin{document}|\\
+% |\bibliographystyle{plain}|\\
+% |. . . . .|
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% \noindent
+% \textbf{Note:} for versions 5.5 and later, all changes to the citation
+% style, including punctuation, must be made before |\begin{document}|,
+% which freezes the citation style.
+%
+% \subsection{Priority of Style Commands}\label{sec:priority}
+% The citation style (punctuation and mode) can be selected by means of the
+% |\bibpunct|, |\citestyle|, and predefined |\bibstyle@|\textit{bst}
+% commands. They can also be selected by \LaTeXe{} options
+% (Section~\ref{sec:opts}). What happens if there are several conflicting
+% selections?
+%
+% The lowest priority is assigned to the predefined |\bibstyle@|\textit{bst}
+% commands, since they are implicit and not obvious to the user. The
+% \LaTeXe{} options have the next priority. Finally, any selection by
+% |\bibpunct| and/or |\citestyle| overrides those of the other methods.
+%
+% \subsection{Other Formatting Options}
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\bibsection}
+% The list of references normally appears as a |\section*| or |\chapter*|,
+% depending on the main class. If one wants to redesign one's own heading,
+% say as a numbered section with |\section|, then |\bibsection| may be
+% redefined by the user accordingly.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\bibfont}
+% The list of references is normally printed in the same font size and
+% style as the main body. However, it is possible to define |\bibfont|
+% to be font commands that are in effect within the \texttt{thebibliography}
+% environment.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\bibhang}
+% The list of references for author--year styles uses a hanging indentation
+% format: the first line of each reference is flush left, the following lines
+% are set with an indentation from the left margin. This indentation is 1~em
+% by default but may be changed by redefining (with |\setlength|) the
+% length parameter |\bibhang|.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\bibsep}
+% The vertical spacing between references in the list, whether author--year
+% or numerical, is controlled by the length |\bibsep|. If this is set to
+% 0~pt, there is no extra line spacing between references. The default
+% spacing depends on the font size selected in |\documentclass|, and is
+% almost a full blank line. Change this by redefining |\bibsep| with
+% |\setlength| command.
+%
+% \subsection{Automatic Indexing of Citations}
+%
+% (New to version 6.0; applies to \LaTeXe\ only)\\[1ex]
+% \DescribeMacro{\citeindextrue}
+% \DescribeMacro{\citeindexfalse}
+% If one wishes to have the citations entered in the \texttt{.idx} indexing
+% file, it is only necessary to issue |\citeindextrue| at any point in the
+% document. All following |\cite| commands, of all variations, then insert
+% the corresponding entry to that file. With |\citeindexfalse|, these
+% entries will no longer be made.
+%
+% The |\bibitem| commands in the \texttt{thebibliography} environment will
+% also make index entries. If this is not desired, then issue
+% |\citeindexfalse| before |\bibliography| or |\begin{thebibliography}|.
+%
+% Of course, |\makeindex| must also be issued in the preamble to activate
+% indexing, as usual. Otherwise, no indexing is done at all.
+%
+% Make sure that the document has been processed at least twice after the
+% last \btx\ run before running the \texttt{makeindex} program.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\NAT@idxtxt}
+% The form of the index entries is set by the internal |\NAT@idxtxt|, which
+% can be redefined by hackers if wanted (in the \thestyle\texttt{.cfg} file
+% please). By default, it prints the short author list plus date in the
+% current parenthesis style.
+%
+% The \thestyle\ package can also be used with the \texttt{index} package of
+% David~M. Jones. The order in which the packages are loaded is not
+% important.
+%
+% \DescribeMacro{\citeindextype}
+% In that package, multiple index lists may be made by means of a |\newindex|
+% command. For example, it may be desirable to put all the citation indexing
+% into a separate list. First that list must be initiated with, e.g.,
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\newindex{cite}{ctx}{cnd}{List of Citations}|
+% \end{quote}
+% and then the automatic citation indexing associated with this list with the
+% \thestyle\ command
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\renewcommand{\citeindextype}{cite}|
+% \end{quote}
+% See the documentation for \texttt{index.sty} for details.
+%
+% \subsection{Hyper\TeX\ Compatibility}
+% As of version~6.4, \thestyle\ is compatible with the \texttt{hyperref}
+% package of Sebastian Rahtz and Yannis Haralambous, for use with
+% Hyper\TeX. The compatibility is of a mutual nature: both packages contain
+% coding that interact with that of the other. Thus the version of
+% \texttt{hyperref} must be more recent than 1996 Oct~8.
+% ^^A Update the date when it is better known, after checking with Rahtz.
+%
+% \subsection{Multiple Bibliographies in One Document}\label{sec:chapbib}
+%
+% As of version 6.4, \thestyle\ is compatible with the \texttt{chapterbib}
+% package of Donald Arseneau and Niel Kempson,\relax
+% \footnote{I have used version 1.5 from 1995/10/09; cannot guarantee
+% earlier versions.}
+% which makes it possible to have several
+% bibliographies in one document. The usual application is to have
+% bibliographies in each chapter of a book, especially if they have been
+% written by different authors.
+%
+% The \texttt{chapterbib} package works in a very natural way for the
+% author; only the editor who puts all the chapters together into one book
+% has to do some extra work.
+%
+% The package makes use of the |\include| command, and it is in fact every
+% |\include|d file that has its own bibliography. For large books, it makes
+% very good sense to take advantage of this feature in any case.
+%
+% To review the use of |\include|, recall that the main file
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% \documentclass{...}
+% \includeonly{ch2}
+% \begin{document}
+% \include{ch1}
+% \include{ch2}
+% \include{ch3}
+% \end{document}
+% \end{verbatim}
+% will process only the file \texttt{ch2.tex} as though the files
+% \texttt{ch1.tex} and \texttt{ch3.tex} were also present. That is, all
+% counters, especially the page and section numbers, as well as
+% cross-referencing definitions, will function as if the whole document
+% were processed. The trick is that each |\include|d file has it own
+% \texttt{.aux} file containing these definitions, and they are all read
+% in every time, even if the corresponding \texttt{.tex} file is not. The
+% \texttt{.aux} files also contain the citation information for \btx,
+% something that the \texttt{chapterbib} package exploits.
+%
+% If |\usepackage{chapterbib}| has been given, the keys in each |\cite|
+% and |\bibitem| command are associated with the current |\include|d file
+% and are distinguished from the identical key in a different file. Each of
+% these files must contain its own |\bibliography| and |\bibliographystyle|
+% commands. One processes \btx\ on each file separately before processing
+% it under \LaTeX\ (at least twice).
+%
+% \subsubsection{Special Considerations for \thestyle\ and
+% \texttt{chapterbib}}
+%
+% The order in which the \texttt{chapterbib} and \thestyle\ packages are loaded
+% is unimportant.
+%
+% The \texttt{chapterbib} package provides an option \texttt{sectionbib}
+% that puts the bibliography in a |\section*| instead of |\chapter*|,
+% something that makes sense if there is a bibliography in each chapter.
+% This option will not work when \thestyle\ is also loaded; instead, add
+% the option to \thestyle. (The \texttt{sectionbib} option can always be
+% given, but it only has meaning for the \texttt{book} and \texttt{report}
+% classes, or for classes derived from them.)
+%
+% Every |\include|d file (with citations) must contain its own
+% |\bibliography| command where the bibliography is to appear. The database
+% files listed as arguments to this command can be different in each file,
+% of course. However, what is not so obvious, is that each file must also
+% contain a |\bibliographystyle| command, \emph{preferably with the same
+% style argument}. If different bibliography styles are specified for
+% different files, then the preprogrammed citation style (punctuation and
+% citation mode) will be that of the first bibliography style given. The
+% preprogrammed citation styles can only be changed in the preamble (see
+% Section~\ref{sec:priority}), something that guarantees a uniform style
+% for the entire document.\relax
+% \footnote{It would be relatively easy to allow changes in style anywhere
+% in the document, but this strikes me as bad policy. However, it is
+% provided for with the \texttt{docstrip} option \texttt{nopreonly}.}
+%
+% \subsection{Sorting and Compressing Numerical Citations}
+%
+% Another package by Donald Arseneau, \texttt{cite.sty}, reimplements the
+% entire (numerical) citation system such that one can control the
+% punctuation and citation format, all of which is done by \thestyle\ as
+% well. However, it also can sort and compress numerical citations,
+% something that is required by some journals.
+%
+% What this means is that when multiple citations are given with a single
+% |\cite| command, the normal order of the numbers is in the sequence
+% given. This is usually a wild list of numbers, such as [4,2,8,3]. With
+% the \texttt{cite} package, this list becomes [2--4,8].
+%
+% It is impossible to make the \texttt{cite} and \thestyle\ packages
+% compatible, since both reimplement |\cite| from scratch. Instead, I have
+% taken the necessary coding from \texttt{cite.sty} and modified it for
+% \thestyle{}. This coding becomes activated
+% by including the option \texttt{sort} in the |\usepackage| command.
+% It only affects numerical
+% citations, and has no influence on the author--year ones.
+%
+% \section{Numerical Citations with Author--Year Styles}\label{sec:6.0}
+%
+% (New to version 6.0)\\[1ex]
+% In earlier versions, each \texttt{.bst} file could be used either for
+% numerical or author--year citation mode, without any possibility of
+% switching. Obviously numerical \texttt{.bst} files can never be used for
+% author--year citations (the information is missing in the auxiliary file)
+% but there is no reason why the converse should not work.
+%
+% I have been frequently asked if I could implement this feature, and I at
+% first replied that it would be quite easy. That was a mistake. The
+% numerical information was missing in the auxiliary files, so the
+% |\cite| commands could never access it.
+%
+% \subsection{New Coding}
+% I have now recoded \thestyle{} so that the separation of author and year
+% information comes before the information is written to the auxiliary
+% file, and furthermore, a sequential number is also written. This permits
+% numerical citations with \emph{any} of the author--year bibliographic style
+% files.
+%
+% The recoding has made fewer internal changes than I expected. Any users
+% who have local redefinitions of my internals should be aware that of the
+% citation commands, only |\NAT@citexnum| has been altered. Otherwise the
+% changes are in the parsing commands |\NAT@parse| and |\NAT@parse@date|.
+% Of the external commands, |\bibitem| is completely redefined, and
+% |\citeauthor|, |\citeyear|, and |\citefullauthor| are different.
+%
+% Version~5.5 actually made far more internal changes: all internal
+% commands were renamed to conform to recommended \LaTeX{} coding
+% practices.
+%
+% \subsection{Selecting Numerical Mode}
+% By default, \thestyle{} is in author--year mode. This can be changed by
+% \begin{enumerate}
+% \item selecting a numerical bibliography style with predefined
+% citation style, defined either in the package or in the local
+% configuration file;
+%
+% \item giving options \texttt{numbers} or \texttt{super} to the
+% |\usepackage| command;
+%
+% \item issuing |\bibpunct| with the 4th mandatory argument set to \texttt{n}
+% or \texttt{s};
+%
+% \item issuing |\citestyle| with the name of a predefined numerical
+% bibliography style.
+% \end{enumerate}
+% The methods are listed in order of increasing priority.
+%
+% The \thestyle{} package will automatically switch to numerical mode if
+% any one of the |\bibitem| entries fails to conform to the possible
+% author--year formats. There is no way to override this, since such an
+% entry would cause trouble in the author--year mode.
+%
+% There are certain special `numerical' styles, like that of the standard
+% \texttt{alpha.bst}, which include a non-numerical label in place of the
+% number, in the form
+% \begin{quote} |\bibitem[ABC95]{able95}| \end{quote}
+% As far as \thestyle\ is concerned, this label does not conform to the
+% author--year possibilities and is therefore considered to be numerical.
+% The citation mode switches to numerical, and |\cite{able95}| prints
+% [ABC95].
+%
+% \subsection{New Bibliography Styles}
+% I provided three new \texttt{.bst} files to replace the standard \LaTeX\
+% numerical ones:
+% \begin{quote}\ttfamily
+% plainnat.bst \qquad abbrvnat.bst \qquad unsrtnat.bst
+% \end{quote}
+% These produce reference lists in the same style as the corresponding
+% standard \texttt{.bst} file, but can only be used with \thestyle{}. The
+% advantage is that they can be used in both numerical and author--year
+% mode.
+%
+% In fact, \texttt{unsrtnat.bst} is rather silly for author--year
+% citations: the references are listed in the order they were cited, which
+% makes it difficult to find them. It is only included in case an author
+% wishes to switch from \texttt{plainnat} (author--year) to the unsorted
+% numerical mode, retaining the |\citeauthor| and |\citeyear| commands in
+% his paper.
+%
+% It is not possible to produce a modified version of \texttt{alpha.bst}
+% since it would conflict with the |\bibitem| format of \thestyle.
+%
+% The sample bibliography style file \texttt{natbib.bst} will no longer be
+% distributed. It merely represented a demonstration of the |\bibitem|
+% syntax for \thestyle, a function that is now taken over by
+% \texttt{plainnat.bst} and friends.
+%
+% \section{Local Configuration}
+% For \LaTeXe, it is possible to add a local configuration file
+% \thestyle\texttt{.cfg}, which is read in, if it exists, at
+% the end of the package. It may thus contain coding to supecede that in
+% the package, although its main purpose is to allow the user to add his
+% own |\bibstyle@|\textit{bst} definitions to couple citation punctuation
+% with local bibliography styles.
+%
+% \section{Options with \LaTeXe}\label{sec:opts}
+% One of the new features of \LaTeXe{} is \emph{options} for the packages,
+% in the same way as main styles (now called \emph{classes}) can take
+% options. This package is now installed with
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\documentclass[..]{...}|\\
+% |\usepackage[|\emph{options}|]{|\thestyle|}|
+% \end{quote}
+% The options available provide another means of specifying the
+% punctuation for citations:
+% \begin{description}
+% \item[\ttfamily round] (default) for round parentheses;
+% \item[\ttfamily square] for square brackets;
+% \item[\ttfamily curly] for curly braces;
+% \item[\ttfamily angle] for angle brackets;
+% \item[\ttfamily colon] (default) to separate multiple citations with
+% colons;
+% \item[\ttfamily comma] to use commas as separaters;
+% \item[\ttfamily authoryear] (default) for author--year citations;
+% \item[\ttfamily numbers] for numerical citations;
+% \item[\ttfamily super] for superscripted numerical citations, as in
+% \textsl{Nature};
+% \item[\ttfamily sort] puts multiple numerical citations in order and
+% compresses them if possible (as 3--6, 15);
+% \item[\ttfamily sectionbib] redefines |\thebibliography| to issue
+% |\section*| instead of |\chapter*|; valid only for classes with a
+% |\chapter| command; to be used with the \texttt{chapterbib} package.
+% \end{description}
+%
+% If any of these options are selected, the predefined citation styles in
+% the commands |\bibstyle@|\textit{bst} will be no longer be effective.
+% If either |\bibpunct| or |\citestyle| is given in the preamble, the above
+% punctuation options will no longer hold.
+%
+% \section{As Module to Journal-Specific Styles}
+% Although \thestyle{} is meant to be an all-purpose bibliographic style
+% \emph{package}, it may also be incorporated as a module to other
+% packages for specific journals. In this case, many of the general features may
+% be left off. This is allowed for with \texttt{docstrip} options that not
+% only leave off certain codelines, but also include extra ones. So far,
+% options exist for
+% \begin{description}
+% \item[\ttfamily subpack] produces a basic version with author--year only,
+% fixed citation punctuation, no |\bibpunct| nor |\citestyle| nor
+% predefined styles;
+% \item[\ttfamily subpack,egs] for journals of the \textsl{European Geophysical
+% Society}, in particular \textsl{Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics};
+% \item[\ttfamily subpack,agu] for \textsl{American Geophysical Union} journals.
+% \end{description}
+% The \texttt{subpack} option must always be used with \texttt{package}.
+%
+% Previous options \texttt{jgr} and \texttt{grl} have become obsolete due
+% to revisions in these journals; they have been replaced by the more
+% general \texttt{agu} option.
+%
+% \section{Summary}
+%
+% The following summary is included as comments at the beginning of the
+% \thestyle\texttt{.sty} file, for quick reference. Certain lines are
+% dependent on the \texttt{docstrip} options.
+%
+% \iffalse
+%<*package&!subpack>
+% \fi
+% \begin{verbatim}
+ % This package reimplements the LaTeX \cite command to be used for various
+ % citation styles, both author-year and numerical. It accepts BibTeX
+ % output intended for many other packages, and therefore acts as a
+ % general, all-purpose citation-style interface.
+ %
+ % With standard numerical .bst files, only numerical citations are
+ % possible. With an author-year .bst file, both numerical and
+ % author-year citations are possible.
+ %
+ % If author-year citations are selected, \bibitem must have one of the
+ % following forms:
+ % \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...
+ % \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Williams]{key}...
+%<*apalike|all>
+ % \bibitem[Jones et al., 1990]{key}...
+%</apalike|all>
+%<*newapa|chicago|all>
+ % \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Jones, Baker, and Williams}{Jones
+ % et al.}{1990}]{key}...
+ % \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Jones et al.}{1990}]{key}...
+%</newapa|chicago|all>
+%<*astron|all>
+ % \bibitem[\protect\astroncite{Jones et al.}{1990}]{key}...
+%</astron|all>
+%<*authordate|all>
+ % \bibitem[\protect\citename{Jones et al., }1990]{key}...
+%</authordate|all>
+%<*harvard|all>
+ % \harvarditem[Jones et al.]{Jones, Baker, and Williams}{1990}{key}...
+%</harvard|all>
+ %
+ % This is either to be made up manually, or to be generated by an
+ % appropriate .bst file with BibTeX.
+ % Author-year mode || Numerical mode
+ % Then, \citet{key} ==>> Jones et al. (1990) || Jones et al. [21]
+ % \citep{key} ==>> (Jones et al., 1990) || [21]
+ % Multiple citations as normal:
+ % \citep{key1,key2} ==>> (Jones et al., 1990; Smith, 1989) || [21,24]
+ % or (Jones et al., 1990, 1991) || [21,24]
+ % or (Jones et al., 1990a,b) || [21,24]
+ % \cite{key} is the equivalent of \citet{key} in author-year mode
+ % and of \citep{key} in numerical mode
+ % Full author lists may be forced with \citet* or \citep*, e.g.
+ % \citep*{key} ==>> (Jones, Baker, and Williams, 1990)
+ % Optional notes as:
+ % \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>> (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
+ % \citep[e.g.,][]{key} ==>> (e.g., Jones et al., 1990)
+ % \citep[see][pg. 34]{key}==>> (see Jones et al., 1990, pg. 34)
+ % (Note: in standard LaTeX, only one note is allowed, after the ref.
+ % Here, one note is like the standard, two make pre- and post-notes.)
+ % \citealt{key} ==>> Jones et al. 1990
+ % \citealt*{key} ==>> Jones, Baker, and Williams 1990
+ % \citealt{key1,key2} ==>> Jones et al. 1990; Smith 1989
+ % Additional citation possibilities (both author-year and numerical modes)
+ % \citeauthor{key} ==>> Jones et al.
+ % \citeyear{key} ==>> 1990
+ % \citefullauthor{key} ==>> Jones, Baker, and Williams
+ % (Multiple keys NOT allowed!)
+ % Note: full author lists depends on whether the bib style supports them;
+ % if not, the abbreviated list is printed even when full requested.
+ %
+ % Defining the citation style of a given bib style:
+%<!nopreonly> % Use \bibpunct (in the preamble only) with 6 mandatory arguments:
+%<nopreonly> % Use \bibpunct (anywhere in the text) with 6 mandatory arguments:
+ % 1. opening bracket for citation
+ % 2. closing bracket
+ % 3. citation separator (for multiple citations in one \cite)
+ % 4. the letter n for numerical styles, s for superscripts
+ % else anything for author-year
+ % 5. punctuation between authors and date
+ % 6. punctuation between years when common authors missing
+ % One optional argument is the character coming before post-notes. It
+ % appears in square braces before all other arguments. May be left off.
+ % Example (and default) \bibpunct[,]{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,}
+ %
+ % To make this automatic for a given bib style, named newbib, say, make
+ % a local configuration file, natbib.cfg, with the definition
+ % \newcommand{\bibstyle@newbib}{\bibpunct...}
+ % Then the \bibliographystyle{newbib} will cause \bibstyle@newbib to
+ % be called on THE NEXT LATEX RUN (via the aux file).
+ %
+%<!nopreonly> % Such preprogrammed definitions may be invoked in the text (preamble only)
+%<nopreonly> % Such preprogrammed definitions may be invoked anywhere in the text
+ % by calling \citestyle{newbib}. This is only useful if the style specified
+ % differs from that in \bibliographystyle.
+ %
+%<*!209>
+ % With \citeindextrue and \citeindexfalse, one can control whether the
+ % \cite commands make an automatic entry of the citation in the .idx
+ % indexing file. For this, \makeindex must also be given in the preamble.
+ %
+ % LaTeX2e Options: (for selecting punctuation)
+ % round - round parentheses are used (default)
+ % square - square brackets are used [option]
+ % curly - curly braces are used {option}
+ % angle - angle brackets are used <option>
+ % colon - multiple citations separated by colon (default)
+ % comma - separated by comma
+ % authoryear - selects author-year citations (default)
+ % numbers- selects numerical citations
+ % super - numerical citations as superscripts
+ % sort - sorts and compresses numerical citations
+ % sectionbib - puts bibliography in a \section* instead of \chapter*
+ % Punctuation so selected dominates over any predefined ones.
+ % LaTeX2e options are called as, e.g.
+ % \usepackage[square,comma]{natbib}
+%</!209>
+% \end{verbatim}
+% \iffalse
+ % LaTeX the source file natbib.dtx to obtain more details.
+ %-----------------------------------------------------------
+%</package&!subpack>
+% \fi
+%
+% \section{Options with \texttt{docstrip}}
+% The source \texttt{.dtx} file is meant to be processed with
+% \texttt{docstrip}, for which a number of options are available:
+% \begin{description}
+% \item[\ttfamily all] includes all of the other interfaces;
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily apalike] allows interpretation of minimal \texttt{apalike}
+% form of |\bibitem|;
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily newapa] allows |\citeauthoryear| to be in the optional
+% argument of |\bibitem| along with the punctuation commands of
+% \texttt{newapa.sty};
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily chicago] is the same as \texttt{newapa};
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily harvard] includes interpretation of |\harvarditem|;
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily astron] allows |\astroncite| to appear in the optional
+% argument of |\bibitem|;
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily authordate] adds the syntax of the |\citename| command.
+%
+% \end{description}
+%
+% This package file is intended to act as a module for other class files
+% written for specific journals, in which case the flexible
+% |\bibstyle@|{\em bst\/} commands are not wanted. Punctuation and
+% other style features are to be rigidly fixed. These journal options are
+% \begin{description}
+% \item[\ttfamily agu] for journals of the \textsl{American Geophysical
+% Union};
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily egs] for journals of the \textsl{European Geophysical
+% Society}, in particular \textsl{Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics}.
+%
+% \end{description}
+%
+% The remaining options are:
+% \begin{description}
+% \item[\ttfamily package] to produce a \texttt{.sty} package file with most
+% comments removed;
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily 209] (together with \texttt{package}) for a style option
+% file that will run under the older \LaTeX~2.09;
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily subpack] (together with \texttt{package}) for coding that
+% is to be included inside a larger package; even more comments are
+% removed, as well as \LaTeXe{} option handling and identification;
+% produces a basic \thestyle\ package for author--year only, fixed
+% citation style (punctuation);
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily nopreonly] allows |\citestyle| and |\bibpunct| to be
+% called anywhere in the text; this is considered possibly useful
+% with the \texttt{chapterbib} package where different chapters might
+% have different bibliography and citation styles; is only provided
+% in case I change my mind about this feature, but for now I
+% refuse to implement it;
+%
+% \item[\ttfamily driver] to produce a driver \texttt{.drv} file that will
+% print out the documentation under \LaTeXe. The documentation cannot
+% be printed under \LaTeX~2.09.
+%
+% \end{description}
+% The source file \texttt{\filename.dtx} is itself a driver file and can
+% be processed directly by \LaTeXe.
+%
+% \StopEventually{\PrintIndex\PrintChanges}
+%
+% \section{The Coding}
+% This section presents and explains the actual coding of the macros.
+% It is nested between |%<*package>| and |%</package>|, which
+% are indicators to \texttt{docstrip} that this coding belongs to the package
+% file.
+%
+% The \texttt{docstrip} option |<subpack>| should only be called if the
+% coding is to be included as part of another package, in which case the
+% announcement text and \LaTeXe{} options are suppressed.
+%
+% An alternative version of this coding is provided for running as a
+% style file under \LaTeX~2.09. Code lines belonging to this are
+% indicated with guard |<209>|; those for LaTeXe{} only with |<!209>|.
+%
+% With \LaTeX\ release from \texttt{1995/12/01}, |\cite| is made robust,
+% something that I have adopted as well.
+%
+% Another change in the above release is that
+% |\G@refundefinedtrue|\footnote{In fact, it was only proposed to be
+% removed, but because several packages, including this one, were
+% adversely affected, the name was retained for the new coding.}
+% and the |\if@openbib| flag have been removed.
+% New, more effective, and compact, coding has replaced them. Rather than
+% relying on the kernel coding, I make \thestyle\ more
+% self-reliant.
+%
+% \subsection{Test for Specific Journals}
+% This package should not be loaded with the specific journal packages that
+% already include it; it is superfluous and can lead to contradictions.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*package>
+%<*!209&!subpack>
+\@ifclassloaded{aguplus}{\PackageError{natbib}
+ {The aguplus class already includes natbib coding,\MessageBreak
+ so you should not add it explicitly}
+ {Type <Return> for now, but then later remove\MessageBreak
+ the command \protect\usepackage{natbib} from the document}
+ \endinput}{}
+\@ifclassloaded{nlinproc}{\PackageError{natbib}
+ {The nlinproc class already includes natbib coding,\MessageBreak
+ so you should not add it explicitly}
+ {Type <Return> for now, but then later remove\MessageBreak
+ the command \protect\usepackage{natbib} from the document}
+ \endinput}{}
+\@ifclassloaded{egs}{\PackageError{natbib}
+ {The egs class already includes natbib coding,\MessageBreak
+ so you should not add it explicitly}
+ {Type <Return> for now, but then later remove\MessageBreak
+ the command \protect\usepackage{natbib} from the document}
+ \endinput}{}
+%</!209&!subpack>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Selecting Citation Punctuation and Other Modifications}
+% \begin{macro}{\bibstyle@xxx}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add \texttt{agsm} and \texttt{dcu} punctuation
+% styles from \texttt{harvard} series}
+% We begin by defining a number of punctuation styles for specific
+% author--year \texttt{.bst} files that I use.
+% They are placed here, near the beginning, so that another
+% user can easily find them to add his own. Some comments remain in the
+% stripped version too.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack>
+ % Define citation punctuation for some author-year styles
+ % One may add and delete at this point
+%<!209> % Or put additions into local configuration file natbib.cfg
+\newcommand\bibstyle@chicago{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,}}
+\newcommand\bibstyle@named{\bibpunct{[}{]}{;}{a}{,}{,}}
+\newcommand\bibstyle@agu{\bibpunct{[}{]}{;}{a}{,}{,~}}%Amer. Geophys. Union
+\newcommand\bibstyle@egs{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,}}%Eur. Geophys. Soc.
+%<*all|harvard>
+\newcommand\bibstyle@agsm{\bibpunct{(}{)}{,}{a}{}{,}\gdef\harvardand{\&}}
+\newcommand\bibstyle@kluwer{\bibpunct{(}{)}{,}{a}{}{,}\gdef\harvardand{\&}}
+\newcommand\bibstyle@dcu{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{;}{,}\gdef\harvardand{and}}
+%</all|harvard>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Here give the explicit punctuation for the specific journals; their
+% coding need not contain the punctuation macros |\bibpunct| and
+% |\bibstyle@xxx| since the punctuation is fixed for them.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\bibstyle@aa{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}} %Astronomy & Astrophysics
+\newcommand\bibstyle@pass{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,}}%Planet. & Space Sci
+\newcommand\bibstyle@anngeo{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,}}%Annales Geophysicae
+\newcommand\bibstyle@nlinproc{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,}}%Nonlin.Proc.Geophys.
+%</!subpack>
+%<agu>\newcommand\NAT@open{[} \newcommand\NAT@close{]}
+%<agu>\newcommand\NAT@sep{;} \newcommand\NAT@cmt{,}
+%<agu>\newcommand\NAT@aysep{,} \newcommand\NAT@yrsep{,~}
+%<egs>\newcommand\NAT@open{(} \newcommand\NAT@close{)}
+%<egs>\newcommand\NAT@sep{;} \newcommand\NAT@cmt{,}
+%<egs>\newcommand\NAT@aysep{,} \newcommand\NAT@yrsep{,}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 30}{Fix \texttt{esa} style for new note system}
+% Next, the same thing is done for some numerical styles. A major
+% difference here is that the |\@biblabel| and |\@cite| commands must also
+% be redefined in many cases. These redefinitions must be made with the
+% |\gdef| (global definition) command.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack>
+ % Define citation punctuation for some numerical styles
+\newcommand\bibstyle@cospar{\bibpunct{/}{/}{,}{n}{}{}%
+ \gdef\NAT@biblabelnum##1{##1.}}
+\newcommand\bibstyle@esa{\bibpunct{(}{)}{,}{n}{}{}%
+ \gdef\NAT@biblabelnum##1{##1.\hspace{1em}}%
+ \gdef\NAT@citenum##1##2##3{\NAT@open \if\relax##2\relax\else
+ ##2\ \fi Ref.~##1\if\relax##3\relax\else\NAT@cmt\ ##3\fi\NAT@close}}
+\newcommand\bibstyle@nature{\bibpunct{}{}{,}{s}{}{}%
+ \gdef\NAT@biblabelnum##1{##1.}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Finally, the standard \LaTeX{} (numerical) citation styles are included
+% along with their \thestyle\ modifications (author--year).
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ % The standard LaTeX styles
+\newcommand\bibstyle@plain{\bibpunct{[}{]}{,}{n}{}{}}
+\let\bibstyle@alpha=\bibstyle@plain
+\let\bibstyle@abbrv=\bibstyle@plain
+\let\bibstyle@unsrt=\bibstyle@plain
+ % The author-year modifications of the standard styles
+\newcommand\bibstyle@plainnat{\bibpunct{[}{]}{,}{a}{,}{,}}
+\let\bibstyle@abbrvnat=\bibstyle@plainnat
+\let\bibstyle@unsrtnat=\bibstyle@plainnat
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{\LaTeXe{} Options}
+% \begin{macro}{\ifNAT@numbers}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Add flag for switching between cite styles}
+% \begin{macro}{\ifNAT@super}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Add flag for switching between cite styles}
+% Two flags are used to keep track of the citation style. The flag
+% |\ifNAT@numbers| is \meta{false} by default (author--year) and switches
+% to \meta{true} for numerical citations. The flag |\ifNAT@super| indicates
+% if the numerical citation is to be done with superscripts.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newif\ifNAT@numbers \NAT@numbersfalse
+\newif\ifNAT@super \NAT@superfalse
+%</!subpack>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\DeclareOption}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Add \LaTeXe{} options.}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add options \texttt{angle} and \texttt{curly}}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 6}{Add option \texttt{bibstyle}}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 6}{Execute \texttt{nobibstyle} with all options}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Nov 27}{Add option \texttt{openbib}}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 1}{Add option \texttt{sectionbib}}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 13}{Add option \texttt{sort}}
+% For \LaTeXe, we can define some options to be used with the |\usepackage|
+% command that loads the \thestyle{} package. These are an additional means
+% of specifying the citation punctuation and scheme.
+%
+% The standard option \texttt{openbib} is also defined here so that its
+% behaviour is entirely under my control. Relying on the standard classes
+% can lead to trouble.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack&!209>
+\DeclareOption{numbers}{\NAT@numberstrue
+ \ExecuteOptions{square,comma,nobibstyle}}
+\DeclareOption{super}{\NAT@supertrue\NAT@numberstrue
+ \ExecuteOptions{nobibstyle}}
+\DeclareOption{authoryear}{\NAT@numbersfalse
+ \ExecuteOptions{round,colon,bibstyle}}
+\DeclareOption{round}{%
+ \renewcommand\NAT@open{(} \renewcommand\NAT@close{)}
+ \ExecuteOptions{nobibstyle}}
+\DeclareOption{square}{%
+ \renewcommand\NAT@open{[} \renewcommand\NAT@close{]}
+ \ExecuteOptions{nobibstyle}}
+\DeclareOption{angle}{%
+ \renewcommand\NAT@open{$<$} \renewcommand\NAT@close{$>$}
+ \ExecuteOptions{nobibstyle}}
+\DeclareOption{curly}{%
+ \renewcommand\NAT@open{\{} \renewcommand\NAT@close{\}}
+ \ExecuteOptions{nobibstyle}}
+\DeclareOption{comma}{\renewcommand\NAT@sep{,}
+ \ExecuteOptions{nobibstyle}}
+\DeclareOption{colon}{\renewcommand\NAT@sep{;}
+ \ExecuteOptions{nobibstyle}}
+\DeclareOption{nobibstyle}{\let\bibstyle=\@gobble}
+\DeclareOption{bibstyle}{\let\bibstyle=\@citestyle}
+\newif\ifNAT@openbib \NAT@openbibfalse
+\DeclareOption{openbib}{\NAT@openbibtrue}
+\DeclareOption{sectionbib}{\def\NAT@sectionbib{on}}
+\def\NAT@sort{0}
+\DeclareOption{sort}{\def\NAT@sort{1}}
+\@ifpackageloaded{cite}{\PackageWarningNoLine{natbib}
+ {The `cite' package should not be used\MessageBreak
+ with natbib. Use option `sort' instead}\ExecuteOptions{sort}}{}
+%</!subpack&!209>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% Before version~6.0, the punctuation options had the lowest priority,
+% being overridden by any |\bibstyle@|\textit{bst} command. It was necessary
+% to add the option \texttt{nobibstyle} to make them effective. Now this
+% option is automatically executed whenever a punctuation option is chosen.
+% The reason is that \texttt{nobibstyle} is either superfluous (no
+% predefined citation style is present) or always necessary to make the
+% other options meaningful.
+%
+% It seems to be better practice to make any explicit choices to have
+% higher priority over implicit ones.
+%
+% The option \texttt{bibstyle} reactivates the predefined commands, just in
+% case this is needed, as it is for the option \texttt{authoryear}. This
+% leaves the predefined styles functioning, since it does not really
+% determine the citation style, but rather establishes a default which may
+% be overwritten by a prestored one. For this reason, this option must be
+% defined very early so that any explicit punctuation options overwrite the
+% defaults. (Options are executed in the order defined.)
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Selecting Citation Punctuation and Other Modifications}
+% \begin{macro}{\bibstyle}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Move \cs{ProcessOptions} to after definition
+% of \cs{bibstyle}}
+% The pre-defined punctuation styles are associated with particular
+% \texttt{.bst} files. This is implemented by means of the standard
+% |\bibliographystyle| command that specifies the name of the \texttt{.bst}
+% file that is to be used by \btx. Some \LaTeX{} manuals erroneously state
+% that this command must be issued prior to any |\cite| commands. If that
+% were the case, the task of invoking the style definitions would be much
+% easier, for they certainly must be issued before the first |\cite|.
+% However, I have always called |\bibliographystyle| together with
+% |\bibliography|, well after all |\cite| commands.
+%
+% In fact, all that |\bibliographystyle|\marg{bst} does is to write
+% |\bibstyle|\marg{bst} to the auxiliary file. This file, and all its
+% contents, will be read in at the beginning of the next \LaTeX{} run; to
+% be precise, it is read in by |\begin{document}|. The command |\bibstyle| is
+% then executed at that point on the next run. However, it is
+% defined to do nothing more than to swallow up its argument! In other
+% words, the combination |\bibliographystyle| and |\bibstyle| do absolutely
+% nothing to the \LaTeX{} runs. In fact, |\bibstyle| is a command for
+% \btx{} alone.
+%
+% I have taken advantage of this to redefine |\bibstyle| to execute the
+% \texttt{bst}-specific definitions. This definition is made here before
+% |\ExecuteOptions| so that options may make use of it; the option
+% \texttt{nobibstyle} turns it off, for example.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack>
+\renewcommand\bibstyle[1]{\@ifundefined{bibstyle@#1}{\relax}
+ {\csname bibstyle@#1\endcsname}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% This is executed only when the auxiliary file is read in, and that is
+% when |\begin{document}| is issued. Thus this is well before any |\cite|
+% commands. It is for this reason that any definitions in the
+% |\bibstyle@xxx| commands must be global.
+%
+% A minor problem arises in that the auxiliary file is read in a second
+% time, at the end of the run, to check whether any labels have changed.
+% Sometimes, re-executing the |\bibstyle@xxx| command at this point
+% produces error messages. To avoid this, |\bibstyle| is reset to its
+% normal, do-nothing, definition after |\begin{document}|.
+%
+% \LaTeXe{} provides a better way of adding commands to |\document|,
+% which is then exploited here. Paradoxically, the problem with re-reading
+% the auxiliary file does not seem to arise for this version.
+%
+% (|\NAT@set@cites| must also be executed at the start of the document; for
+% \LaTeXe, this is added later when the macro is defined.)
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*209>
+\let\ori@document=\document
+\renewcommand\document{\ori@document\global\let\bibstyle=\@gobble
+ \NAT@set@cites}
+%</209>
+%<!209>\AtBeginDocument{\global\let\bibstyle=\@gobble}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\citestyle}
+% \changes{5.4}{1995 Feb 03}{Add macro}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 24}{Make preamble only}
+% To allow one to invoke preprogrammed punctuation styles that are
+% different from the name of the bibliography style specified by
+% |\bibliographystyle|, call |\citestyle| in the preamble. This then
+% deactivates |\bibstyle| so that any preprogrammed punctuations become
+% ineffective.
+%
+% This, and all other punctuation (citation style) declarations, may only
+% be used in the preamble, as of version 5.5. (Previously they could only
+% be used after the preamble, but the preamble is more logical.)
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\@citestyle\bibstyle
+\newcommand\citestyle[1]{\@citestyle{#1}\let\bibstyle\@gobble}
+%<!209&!nopreonly>\@onlypreamble{\citestyle}\@onlypreamble{\@citestyle}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bibpunct}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Add superscript style of citations}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Use flags to select citation style}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 24}{Make preamble only}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 6}{Sets \cs{bibstyle} to \cs{@gobble}}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 6}{Declare \cs{NAT@numbersfalse} before testing 4th
+% argument}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 19}{Add optional argument for \cs{NAT@cmt}}
+% Now |\bibpunct| is defined. It sets various punctuation commands equal to
+% its arguments. It also switches to numerical style if that is specified
+% by the fourth argument. This is done by setting the citation style
+% flag |NAT@numbers| accordingly. The internal cite macros are later
+% set to the style-dependent definitions by calling |\NAT@set@cites|.
+%
+% The fourth argument can also be \texttt{s} for superscript, which
+% sets both the numerical and the |\NAT@super| flags.
+%
+% An optional argument has been added to determine the punctuation that
+% precedes a trailing note. This makes the counting of mandatory arguments
+% somewhat confused, since the fourth argument is now |#5|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<!209>\newcommand\bibpunct[7][,]%
+%<209>\newcommand\bibpunct{\@ifnextchar[{\@bibpunct}{\@bibpunct[,]}}
+%<209>\def\@bibpunct[#1]#2#3#4#5#6#7%
+ {\gdef\NAT@open{#2}\gdef\NAT@close{#3}\gdef
+ \NAT@sep{#4}\global\NAT@numbersfalse\ifx #5n\global\NAT@numberstrue
+ \else
+ \ifx #5s\global\NAT@numberstrue\global\NAT@supertrue
+ \fi\fi
+ \gdef\NAT@aysep{#6}\gdef\NAT@yrsep{#7}%
+ \gdef\NAT@cmt{#1}%
+ \global\let\bibstyle\@gobble
+%<nopreonly> \NAT@set@cites
+ }
+%<*!nopreonly>
+%<!209>\@onlypreamble{\bibpunct}
+%<209>\def\do{\noexpand\do\noexpand}
+%<209>\edef\@preamblecmds{\@preamblecmds \do\bibpunct \do\citestyle}
+%</!nopreonly>
+%</!subpack>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% The command turns off |\bibstyle| so that the predefined
+% |\bibstyle@|\textit{bst} commands no longer work. Thus |\bibpunct| has
+% priority over the predefined styles.
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Setting the Defaults}
+% For \LaTeXe, the defaults (punctuation and scheme type) are set with the
+% |\ExecuteOptions| command. For \LaTeX~2.09, the default scheme is
+% author--year, and punctuation can only be set with |\bibpunct|.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@open}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 14}{Renamed from \cs{@citebegin}}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@close}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 14}{Renamed from \cs{@citeend}}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@sep}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 14}{Renamed from \cs{@citesep}}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@aysep}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 14}{Renamed from \cs{@auyrsep}}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@yrsep}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 14}{Renamed from \cs{@yrsep}}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@cmt}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 19}{Add macro}
+% The five punctuation characters for citations are the start and stop
+% brackets, the character between multiple citations, the character between
+% the authors and year (parenthetical only), and the character between
+% adjacent years when the common author list is omitted.
+% A sixth one has been added: the character preceding post-notes.
+% Define their default values.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<!agu&!egs>\newcommand\NAT@open{(} \newcommand\NAT@close{)}
+%<!agu&!egs>\newcommand\NAT@sep{;}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 19}{Remove \cs{ExecuteOptions} since default
+% style determined by definitions}
+% The option \texttt{authoryear} was originally provided to serve as the
+% default; hence its definition includes \texttt{bibstyle}. However, this
+% is not necessary since all the appropriate parameters are set to these
+% values anyway. (One could consider removing \texttt{bibstyle}.)
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack&!209>
+%\ExecuteOptions{authoryear}
+\ProcessOptions
+%</!subpack&!209>
+%<!agu&!egs>\newcommand\NAT@aysep{,} \newcommand\NAT@yrsep{,}
+%<!agu&!egs>\newcommand\NAT@cmt{,}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{Internal Citing Macros}
+% A number of internal macros (|\@citex|, |\@cite|, |\@biblabel|, and
+% |\@bibsetup|) need to have different definitions for author--year and
+% numerical schemes. They are defined here for the two different styles,
+% with different names, and which ones become active depend on the citation
+% style flags |\ifNAT@numbers| and |\ifNAT@super|.
+%
+% The coding for the journals always defines the internal macros directly
+% as the author--year version, since they can never do any switching.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@cite}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Is \cs{let} equal to the numerical or
+% author--year definition}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@cite}
+% \changes{4.2}{1993 Dec 2}{Reversed optional text no longer needs to include
+% a trailing blank}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Add optional notes after as well as before
+% citation.}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 13}{Add command space in place of space}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 13}{Use \cs{if}\cs{relax}\texttt{\#2}\cs{relax}
+% in place of \cs{if}\texttt{\#2}\cs{@empty}}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Renamed from \cs{@cite}}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@citenum}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Add optional notes after as well as before
+% citation.}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 13}{Add command space in place of space}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 13}{Use \cs{if}\cs{relax}\texttt{\#2}\cs{relax}
+% in place of \cs{if}\texttt{\#2}\cs{@empty}}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Renamed from \cs{@citenum}}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@citesuper}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Add macro for superscripts}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Renamed from \cs{@citesuper}}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 27}{Prints post-note only if present}
+% \changes{6.2}{1995 Feb 2}{Get superscript font size right; use
+% \cs{textsuperscript}}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 30}{Numericals always print notes if present, do not
+% test for any flag first}
+% Define the internal |\@cite| commands that prints the assembled string
+% of citation label texts, plus possible optional notes, before and after.
+% The numerical version is almost the same, except that the brackets
+% |\NAT@open| and |\NAT@close| are always present and the optional notes are
+% included if they are present. For author-year, the notes are included (if
+% present) here only for parenthetical citations (|\ifNAT@swa| if \meta{true})
+% and for textual citations, they are printed by the |\NAT@citex|.
+%
+% The superscript citation prints only the following, not the preceding,
+% note, and then only if it is present.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<subpack>\renewcommand\@cite%
+%<!subpack>\newcommand\NAT@cite%
+ [3]{\ifNAT@swa\NAT@open\if\relax#2\relax\else#2\ \fi
+ #1\if\relax#3\relax\else\NAT@cmt\ #3\fi\NAT@close\else#1\fi}
+%<*!subpack>
+\newcommand\NAT@citenum[3]{\NAT@open\if\relax#2\relax\else
+ #2\ \fi #1\if\relax#3\relax\else\NAT@cmt\ #3\fi\NAT@close}
+\newcommand\NAT@citesuper[3]{\unskip\hspace{1pt}\textsuperscript{#1}%
+ \if\relax#3\relax\else\ (#3)\fi}
+%<!209>\providecommand
+%<209>\newcommand
+ \textsuperscript[1]{\mbox{$^{\mbox{\scriptsize#1}}$}}
+%</!subpack>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@citex}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Is \cs{let} equal to the numerical or
+% author--year definition}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Nov 22}{Use \cs{NAT@citeundefined}}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@citexnum}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Make like \LaTeXe{} definition instead of 2.09}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Renamed from \cs{@citexnum}}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Prints \cs{NAT@num} instead of \cs{b@citeb}}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 12}{Add \cs{NAT@space} for variable spacing between
+% numericals and superscripts}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Add dummy macros for \texttt{hyperref.sty}}
+% The original definition of |\@citex| is now used to define |\NAT@citexnum|,
+% the version for numerical citations. What it does is to write a
+% |\citation| command to the auxiliary file (for \btx), and then parses the
+% second argument, the list of citation keys. These keys have to be decoded
+% into the actual label text contained in |\b@|\emph{key} (a number or
+% author--year), and put together as the argument of |\@cite|.
+%
+% The temporary command |\@citeb| takes on the value of each of the keys in
+% turn; |\@citea| is the separator between multiple citations, initially
+% set to nothing, becoming |\NAT@sep| plus line-break suppression
+% afterwards. The |\@firstofone| macro removes any leading blanks in
+% |\@citeb|, making |\cite{key1, key2}| possible. If |\b@|\emph{key} is
+% not defined (as on the first run, for example), a warning is printed, and
+% a question mark inserted. Finally, the decoded label text is placed into
+% an |\hbox| to prevent it from being split.
+%
+% As of version 6.0, the numerical label text is to be found in |\NAT@num|,
+% whereas previously it was the entire label, |\b@|\emph{key}.
+%
+% Note that here, and in later coding, internal names beginning with
+% |\@cite..| are employed; these names are used in the original \LaTeX{}
+% coding for the same functions. Therefore, if there are other packages
+% that have name conflicts with \thestyle, they will also have conflicts with
+% standard \LaTeX\ too.
+%
+% For compatibility with the \texttt{chapterbib} package of Donald Arseneau,
+% add |\@extra@b@citeb| to the cite key; this contains the number of the
+% included file in order to distinguish the same citation in separate files
+% which then belong to different bibliography listings.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<209>\let\@firstofone\@iden
+%<!209>\providecommand\@firstofone[1]{#1}
+%<*!subpack>
+\newcommand\NAT@citexnum{}
+\def\NAT@citexnum[#1][#2]#3{\let\@citea\@empty
+ \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#3\do
+ {\@citea\def\@citea{\NAT@sep\penalty\@m\NAT@space}%
+ \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
+ \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi
+ \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}{%
+%<209> {\reset@font\bf ?}\@warning
+%<!209>{\reset@font\bfseries?}
+%<!209> \NAT@citeundefined\PackageWarning{natbib}%
+ {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+ {\NAT@parse{\@citeb}\hbox{\hyper@natlinkstart{\@citeb}%
+ \NAT@num\hyper@natlinkend}}}}{#1}{#2}}
+%</!subpack>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@citex}
+% \changes{5.2}{1994 Aug 25}{Make like \LaTeXe{} definition instead of 2.09}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Change space to command space for text cites}
+% \changes{5.4}{1995 Feb 6}{Add test for adjacent citations having equal
+% authors and years}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Renamed from \cs{@citex}}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 21}{Move \cs{ifNAT@full} test from
+% \cs{NAT@parse} to here}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Add dummy macros for \texttt{hyperref.sty}}
+% The author--year version of |\@citex| is now defined.
+% It starts off much the same as the numerical version. However, it wants
+% the authors and year for each decoded label text to be separated into
+% |\NAT@nm| and |\NAT@date|. This is done by the routine |\NAT@parse|.
+% The names of the authors in the previous key are stored in
+% |\NAT@last@nm|,
+% and if that is the same as the current names, it is not printed again.
+% The output citation text is not put into an |\hbox| since line division
+% may occur within the author--year citation. The output is formatted
+% differently for parenthetical (|\NAT@swa| \meta{true}) and textual
+% (|\NAT@swa| \meta{false}) cases.
+%
+% |\NAT@nm| will contain either |\NAT@name| or |\NAT@all@names| depending
+% on the state of |\ifNAT@full|.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<subpack>\def\@citex%
+%<!subpack>\newcommand\NAT@citex{}
+%<!subpack>\def\NAT@citex%
+ [#1][#2]#3{\let\@citea\@empty
+ \@cite{\let\NAT@nm\@empty\let\NAT@year\@empty
+ \@for\@citeb:=#3\do
+ {\edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
+ \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi
+ \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}{\@citea%
+%<209> {\reset@font\bf ?}\@warning
+%<!209> {\reset@font\bfseries ?}\NAT@citeundefined
+%<!209> \PackageWarning{natbib}%
+ {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+ {\hyper@natlinkstart{\@citeb}%
+ \let\NAT@last@nm=\NAT@nm\let\NAT@last@yr=\NAT@year
+ \NAT@parse{\@citeb}\ifNAT@full\let\NAT@nm\NAT@all@names\else
+ \let\NAT@nm\NAT@name\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+% Begin parenthetical citation. Check if author names the same as in the
+% previous citation, and if so, also check if the years are the same.
+% \changes{5.4}{1995 Feb 8}{Add \cs{unskip} to avoid double spacing
+% between years}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 30}{Add optional notes for textual citations}
+% If so, citations are printed `1994a,b'; if a space is wanted between
+% the letters, as `1994a,~b', then give |\NAT@yrsep| as |{,~}|. For this
+% reason, the |\unskip| is needed when the space between years is printed
+% to avoid two spaces.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \ifNAT@swa
+ \ifx\NAT@last@nm\NAT@nm\NAT@yrsep
+ \ifx\NAT@last@yr\NAT@year \NAT@exlab\else\unskip\ \NAT@date\fi
+ \else\@citea{\NAT@nm}\NAT@aysep
+ \ \NAT@date \fi \def\@citea{\NAT@sep\ }%
+% \end{macrocode}
+% Begin textual citation. Do same checks for repeated names and years.
+% Optional notes are added here, not in |\NAT@cite|, which means for
+% multiple citations, each one will receive the notes in the year part.
+% (Pre-notes are questionable for this, but include them anyway.)
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \else
+ \ifx\NAT@last@nm\NAT@nm\NAT@yrsep\ifx\NAT@last@yr\NAT@year
+ \NAT@exlab\else \unskip\ \NAT@date\fi
+ \else\@citea{\NAT@nm}\ \NAT@open\if\relax#1\relax\else#1\ \fi
+ \NAT@date\fi
+ \def\@citea{\NAT@close\NAT@sep\ }%
+ \fi \hyper@natlinkend
+ }}\ifNAT@swa\else\if\relax#2\relax\else\NAT@cmt\ #2\fi
+ \NAT@close\fi}{#1}{#2}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@biblabel}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Is \cs{let} equal to the numerical or
+% author--year definition}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@biblabel}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Renamed from \cs{@biblabel}}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@biblabelnum}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Renamed from \cs{@biblabelnum}}
+% Similarly for the |\@biblabel| command, that is used to format the
+% citation label in the list of references, define the author--year
+% and the numerical versions. For the former, no labels are
+% printed in the list of references.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<subpack>\renewcommand\@biblabel[1]{\hfill}
+%<*!subpack>
+\newcommand\NAT@biblabel[1]{\hfill}
+\newcommand\NAT@biblabelnum[1]{[#1]}
+%</!subpack>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@bibsetup}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Is \cs{let} equal to the numerical or
+% author--year definition}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@bibsetup}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 13}{Add \cs{bibhang} for variable hanging
+% indentation}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Renamed from \cs{@bibsetup}}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@bibsetnum}
+% \changes{5.1}{1994 Jun 22}{Add \cmd{\if@openbib} as in \LaTeXe}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Renamed from \cs{@bibsetnum}}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Nov 22}{Use \cs{ifNAT@openbib}}
+% \changes{6.2}{1996 Mar 05}{Add \cs{bibsep} for linespacing between
+% references}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 10}{Set \cs{bibsep} to 0 for EGS}
+% The macro |\@bibsetup| is called by |\thebibliography| and contains any
+% coding for formatting the list of references that may be different for
+% numerical and author--year schemes. For numerical citations, the
+% |\labelwidth| must be set to the size of the longest label (the argument
+% of |\thebibliography|), and the |\leftmargin| adjusted accordingly. For
+% author--year, there are no labels, so |\labelwidth| is zero, all lines
+% after the first are indented by 1~em.
+%
+% Since |\thebibliography| is not included in the \textsl{AGU} package,
+% this macro is left off here too.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!agu>
+%<*!egs>
+%<*!subpack>
+\newcommand\NAT@bibsetnum[1]{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+ \setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}\addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}%
+ \setlength{\itemsep}{\bibsep}\setlength{\parsep}{\z@}%
+%<*!209>
+ \ifNAT@openbib
+ \addtolength{\leftmargin}{\bibindent}%
+ \setlength{\itemindent}{-\bibindent}%
+ \setlength{\listparindent}{\itemindent}%
+ \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
+ \fi
+%</!209>
+}
+%</!subpack>
+%</!egs>
+\newlength{\bibhang}
+\setlength{\bibhang}{1em}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The length |\bibsep| is to be the spacing between listed references.
+% This is normally the regular line spacing between |\item|s in a
+% \texttt{list} environment, which is |\itemsep| + |\parsep|. These are set
+% by |\@listi|. Therefore, in order to set |\bibsep| to the default value,
+% call |\@listi| locally and globally set it.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newlength{\bibsep}
+%<!egs>{\@listi \global\bibsep\itemsep \global\advance\bibsep by\parsep}
+%<egs>\setlength{\bibsep}{\z@}
+
+%<subpack>\newcommand\@bibsetup%
+%<!subpack>\newcommand\NAT@bibsetup%
+ [1]{\setlength{\leftmargin}{\bibhang}\setlength{\itemindent}{-\leftmargin}%
+ \setlength{\itemsep}{\bibsep}\setlength{\parsep}{\z@}}
+%</!agu>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@set@cites}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{New macro to set the internal macros to
+% numerical or author--year}
+% \changes{6.3}{1996 Jun 17}{Add \cs{natexlab}}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 12}{Remove \cs{global} from definitions and \cs{let}}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 12}{Define \cs{NAT@space} differently for
+% numericals and superscripts}
+% The four internal macros that have different definitions depending on the
+% citation style have been defined with different names; now set the macros
+% to be executed to that set that is actually wanted. This is determined by
+% the flags |\ifNAT@numbers| and |\ifNAT@super|. The setting command
+% |\NAT@set@cites| is executed by |\begin{document}|, after which point,
+% the citation style should be frozen.
+%
+% The command |\natexlab| is used in the \texttt{.bst} files to enclose the
+% extra labels (the letters added to the dates); these are to be suppressed
+% for numerical citations.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack>
+\newcommand\NAT@set@cites{\ifNAT@numbers
+ \ifNAT@super \let\@cite\NAT@citesuper
+ \let\NAT@space\relax\else
+ \let\@cite\NAT@citenum \def\NAT@space{ }\fi
+ \let\@citex\NAT@citexnum
+ \let\@biblabel\NAT@biblabelnum
+ \let\@bibsetup\NAT@bibsetnum
+ \def\natexlab##1{}%
+ \else
+ \let\@cite\NAT@cite
+ \let\@citex\NAT@citex
+ \let\@biblabel\NAT@biblabel
+ \let\@bibsetup\NAT@bibsetup
+ \def\natexlab##1{##1}%
+ \fi}
+%<!209>\AtBeginDocument{\NAT@set@cites}
+%</!subpack>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 30}{Add \texttt{showkeys} coding for \cs{@citex}}
+% Since |\citep|, |\citet|, and |\citealt| are all ultimately defined in
+% terms of the |\@citex| command, the best way to get the \texttt{showkeys}
+% package to handle these is to let it accommodate only |\@citex|. David
+% Carlisle has allowed for \thestyle, but only for |\cite| with variable number
+% of arguments, |\citeauthor|, |\citefullauthor|, and |\citeyear|. Add the
+% necessary coding at the beginning, after we know if \texttt{showkeys}
+% has been loaded or not, and |\@citex| has its final definition.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!209>
+\AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{showkeys}{%
+\let\SK@citex\@citex
+ \def\@citex[#1][#2]#3{\SK@\SK@@ref{#3}\SK@citex[#1][#2]{#3}}
+}{}}
+%</!209>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \subsection{The Citations}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\citet}
+% \changes{6.2}{1996 Jan 11}{Add macro for textual cite in numerical mode}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 30}{Make this standard textual citation, with notes}
+% Textual citations are made with the |\citet| command, which has a starred
+% form for full authors, and may have one or two optional arguments for notes.
+%
+% This command is equivalent to the older syntex |\cite|\marg{key} without
+% optional arguments, at least in author--year mode. In numerical mode,
+% it prints the authors and then the numerical reference, whereas |\cite|
+% will only print the number. This simplifies the switching between the two
+% modes with minimal changes in text. One wants to replace ``as shown by Jones
+% et~al.\ (1990)'' with ``as shown by Jones et~al.\ [21]''; with |\cite|,
+% one would get ``as shown by [21]''.
+%
+% This is such a practical idea, that I have decided to make it the standard
+% means of textual citing. It now even allows optional notes in textual cites,
+% something that I have been asked to provide, and which is impossible under
+% the old syntex with |\cite|.
+%
+% Note that the flag |\ifNAT@swa| determines if the citation is textual or
+% parenthetical, and |\ifNAT@full| whether abbreviated or full author names
+% are to be printed.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newif\ifNAT@full\NAT@fullfalse
+\newif\ifNAT@swa
+%<209>\renewcommand\citet
+%<!209>\DeclareRobustCommand\citet
+ {\NAT@swafalse
+ \@ifstar{\NAT@fulltrue\NAT@citet}{\NAT@fullfalse\NAT@citet}}
+\newcommand\NAT@citet{\@ifnextchar[{\NAT@@citet}{\NAT@@citet[]}}
+\newcommand\NAT@@citet{}
+\def\NAT@@citet[#1]{\@ifnextchar[{\NAT@@@citet[#1]}{\NAT@@@citet[][#1]}}
+\newcommand\NAT@@@citet{}
+\def\NAT@@@citet[#1][#2]#3{%
+%<!subpack> \ifNAT@numbers\ifNAT@full\citefullauthor{#3}\else
+%<!subpack> \citeauthor{#3}\fi\ \fi
+ \@citex[#1][#2]{#3}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% This command can only handle single keys (in numerical mode).
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\citep}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 27}{Add macro as shorthand for \cs{cite[]}}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 30}{Make this standard parenthetical citation,
+% with notes}
+% Parenthetical citations are made with the |\citep| command, which has a
+% starred
+% form for full authors, and may have one or two optional arguments for notes.
+%
+% This command was originally added by special request to be a simplification
+% for |\cite[]|\marg{key}, and I added it grudgingly. After I reprogrammed
+% \thestyle\ to handle author--year and numerical citations with the same
+% \texttt{.bst} file, I needed to add the |\citet| command, and this one
+% became an obvious companion for parenthetical citations. I have now altered
+% its coding to be the standard, being fully equivalent in functionality
+% to the older syntax |\cite|\oarg{pre}\oarg{post}\marg{key}.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<209>\renewcommand\citep
+%<!209>\DeclareRobustCommand\citep
+ {\NAT@swatrue
+ \@ifstar{\NAT@fulltrue\NAT@citep}{\NAT@fullfalse\NAT@citep}}
+\newcommand\NAT@citep{\@ifnextchar[{\NAT@@citep}{\NAT@@citep[]}}
+\newcommand\NAT@@citep{}
+\def\NAT@@citep[#1]{\@ifnextchar [{\@citex[#1]}{\@citex[][#1]}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\cite}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Add a second optional argument.}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 19}{Add starred version to print full author list.}
+% \changes{5.4}{1994 Nov 24}{Replace \cmd{\if@tempswa} with \cmd{\ifNAT@swa}.}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 30}{Declare obsolete, retained for compatibility}
+% The |\cite| command was originally used to produce both textual and
+% parenthetical citations; with an option argument, even an empty one,
+% the citation was parenthical. I now recommend the use of |\citet| and
+% |\citep| instead, retaining |\cite| only for compatibility.
+%
+% It is equivalent to |\citep| in numerical mode, so it can in fact be
+% used as standard \LaTeX\ syntax with numerical citations.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<209>\renewcommand\cite
+%<!209>\DeclareRobustCommand\cite
+ {\@ifstar{\NAT@fulltrue\NAT@cites}{\NAT@fullfalse\NAT@cites}}
+\newcommand\NAT@cites{\@ifnextchar [{\NAT@swatrue\NAT@@citep}{\NAT@swafalse
+ \NAT@@citep[]}}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\citealt}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 16}{Add macro}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Jan 30}{Uses \cs{citet} instead of \cs{cite}}
+% An alternative form of citation is one in which the parentheses are not
+% printed. Since the effect of this command is exactly the same as the
+% regular |\citet| but with |\NAT@open| and |\NAT@close| set to blank,
+% define it just in that way. The starred version for full authors can be
+% retained. Notes are not possible, and would be unnecessary without braces.
+%
+% This form has been added at the request of Alexander Holt, who wishes to
+% be able to print all three flavours: parenthetical, textual with
+% parentheses, and textual without. The |\citealt| command must be able to
+% handle multiple references and use the same punctuation scheme as
+% |\citet|.
+%
+% By defining |\citealt| in terms of |\citet|, not only do I save
+% considerable programming effort, but David Carlisle's \texttt{showkeys}
+% package will work with this command too.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack>
+%<209>\renewcommand\citealt
+%<!209>\DeclareRobustCommand\citealt
+ {\@ifstar{\NAT@alts}{\NAT@alt}}
+\newcommand\NAT@alt[1]{{\ifNAT@numbers\else
+ \renewcommand\NAT@open{}\renewcommand\NAT@close{}\fi\cite{#1}}}
+\newcommand\NAT@alts[1]{{\ifNAT@numbers\else
+ \renewcommand\NAT@open{}\renewcommand\NAT@close{}\fi\cite*{#1}}}
+%</!subpack>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\citeauthor}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Add means to cite authors only.}
+% \changes{5.2}{1994 Aug 25}{Enclose \cs{@citenm} in braces.}
+% \changes{5.2}{1994 Aug 25}{Add auxiliary file entry.}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Check for empty author}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Add dummy macros for \texttt{hyperref.sty}}
+% \begin{macro}{\citeyear}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Add means to cite year only.}
+% \changes{5.2}{1994 Aug 25}{Add auxiliary file entry.}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Check for empty year}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 12}{Extra letter also printed with year number}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Add dummy macros for \texttt{hyperref.sty}}
+% In an author--year scheme, it is sometimes necessary to refer to the
+% authors of a work without the year. It might even be necessary to refer
+% to the year alone, but I can hardly imagine that. Both possibilities are
+% allowed for here.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\citeauthor[1]{\if@filesw\immediate\write
+ \@auxout{\string\citation{#1}}\fi
+ \@ifundefined{b@#1\@extra@b@citeb}{%
+%<209> {\reset@font\bf ?}\@warning
+%<!209> {\reset@font\bfseries ?}\NAT@citeundefined
+%<!209> \PackageWarning{natbib}%
+ {Citation `#1' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+ {\NAT@parse{#1}\ifx\NAT@noname\NAT@name
+%<209> {\reset@font\bf(author?)}\@warning
+%<!209> {\reset@font\bfseries(author?)}\PackageWarning{natbib}
+ {Author undefined for citation `#1'
+%<209> ^^J
+%<!209> \MessageBreak
+ on page \thepage}\else
+ {\hyper@natlinkstart{#1}\NAT@name\hyper@natlinkend}\fi}%
+}
+\newcommand\citeyear[1]{\if@filesw\immediate\write
+ \@auxout{\string\citation{#1}}\fi
+ \@ifundefined{b@#1\@extra@b@citeb}{%
+%<209> {\reset@font\bf ?}\@warning
+%<!209> {\reset@font\bfseries ?}\NAT@citeundefined
+%<!209> \PackageWarning{natbib}%
+ {Citation `#1' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+ {\NAT@parse{#1}\if\relax\NAT@date\relax
+%<209> {\reset@font\bf(year?)}\@warning
+%<!209> {\reset@font\bfseries(year?)}\PackageWarning{natbib}
+ {Year undefined for citation `#1'
+%<209> ^^J
+%<!209> \MessageBreak
+ on page \thepage}\else
+ {\hyper@natlinkstart{#1}\NAT@date\hyper@natlinkend}\fi}%
+}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\citefullauthor}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add macro for those bib styles with full author
+% list available}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Check for empty author}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Add dummy macros for \texttt{hyperref.sty}}
+% Some of the author--year bibliography styles supported here (\texttt{harvard}
+% and \texttt{newapa}) allow a citation with the full author list, because
+% they have the necessary information in the |\bibitem| entry. With
+% version~5.3, I change the native form of this entry to allow
+% full authors too.
+%
+% Since I now have a starred form of |\cite| for the full author list, it
+% might be reasonable to use a starred |\citeauthor| instead of
+% |\citefullauthor|. However, that will conflict with the provisions for
+% \thestyle{} to be found in Carlisle's \texttt{showkeys} package. That's life.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\citefullauthor[1]{\if@filesw\immediate\write
+ \@auxout{\string\citation{#1}}\fi
+ \@ifundefined{b@#1\@extra@b@citeb}{%
+%<209> {\reset@font\bf ?}\@warning
+%<!209> {\reset@font\bfseries ?}\NAT@citeundefined
+%<!209> \PackageWarning{natbib}%
+ {Citation `#1' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+ {\NAT@parse{#1}\ifx\NAT@noname\NAT@all@names
+%<209> {\reset@font\bf(author?)}\@warning
+%<!209> {\reset@font\bfseries(author?)}\PackageWarning{natbib}
+ {Author undefined for citation `#1'
+%<209> ^^J
+%<!209> \MessageBreak
+ on page \thepage}\else
+ {\hyper@natlinkstart{#1}\NAT@all@names\hyper@natlinkend}\fi}%
+}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Parsing the Author--Year Entries}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@parse}
+% \changes{5.0}{1994 May 18}{Add parsing command, with additional
+% font and sub-accent commands relaxed}
+% \changes{5.1}{1994 Jun 22}{For \LaTeXe{} of \texttt{1994/06/01},
+% can protect font and sub-accents much better}
+% \changes{5.2}{1994 Aug 24}{2.09 version to run in compatibility mode}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add full author list}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 19}{Support starred version of \cs{cite} for full
+% author list}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 26}{Use \cs{@unexpandable@protect} in place of
+% \cs{noexpand}}
+% \changes{5.4}{1995 Feb 6}{Call \cs{@parse@date} to split date into year and
+% extra label}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 18}{Rename from \cs{@cite@parse}}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Remove \cs{relax} from expanded \cs{@tempa}
+% definition; no longer needed under new system}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 21}{Prevent expansion of forced space (tilde)}
+% The |\bibcite| commands in the auxiliary file associate the numerical and
+% author--year information with the |\bibitem| key, which is the argument to
+% |\NAT@parse|. As of version~6.0, the information is stored in
+% |\b@|\emph{key} for each citation, as four separate items.
+% \begin{quote}\begin{tabular}{lll}
+% 1. & |\NAT@num| & sequence number or non-author--year label \\
+% 2. & |\NAT@date| & year, with possible extra label \\
+% 3. & |\NAT@name| & short author list \\
+% 4. & |\NAT@all@names| & long author list (optional)
+% \end{tabular}\end{quote}
+% In order to define each of the above commands as the appropriate item, it
+% is first necessary to expand |\b@|\emph{key} into a temporary command
+% |\NAT@temp|, which is then used as the argument of |\NAT@split|, which
+% makes the individual assignments.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\NAT@parse[1]{{%
+%<*209>
+ \@ifundefined{documentclass}
+ {\let\prm=\relax\let\psf=\relax\let\ptt=\relax\let\pbf=\relax
+ \let\psl=\relax\let\psc=\relax\let\pit=\relax\let\pem=\relax
+ \let\prmfamily=\relax\let\psffamily=\relax\let\pttfamily=\relax
+ \let\pbfseries=\relax\let\pslshape=\relax\let\pscshape=\relax
+ \let\pitshape=\relax\let\pmdseries=\relax\let\pupshape=\relax
+ \let\pc=\relax \let\pd=\relax \let\pb=\relax}
+ {\let\protect=\@unexpandable@protect\let~\relax}%
+%</209>
+%<!209> \let\protect=\@unexpandable@protect\let~\relax
+ \xdef\NAT@temp{\csname b@#1\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}}%
+ \expandafter\NAT@split\NAT@temp
+ \expandafter\NAT@parse@date\NAT@date??????@@%
+%<!subpack&!209> \ifciteindex\NAT@index\fi
+}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% Some further notes on the above: for 2.09 it is necessary to turn off all the
+% protected font commands |\prm| etc.\ when the label text is expanded into
+% |\NAT@temp|, for otherwise there will be problems with the New Font
+% Selection Scheme (NFSS); the protected sub-accent commands (protected
+% versions of |\c|, |\d|, and |\b|) also cause troubles on expansion.
+% Admittedly, this is not a good solution, for the list of problem commands
+% might be much longer, but for the meantime, this will have to do.
+%
+% For \LaTeXe, at least after the official release of
+% \texttt{1994/06/01}, commands are made robust in a totally different
+% manner, no longer by adding a \texttt{p} in front, but by adding a space
+% afterwards. This means the commands in the auxiliary files look like the
+% protected version once again, and not raw commands. They are infinitely
+% protected. The above problem is easily overcome by making |\protect|
+% equal to |\@unexpandable@protect|. A definitive list of commands to
+% protect is no longer necessary. (Initially I used |\noexpand|, but
+% that only worked for font commands, not accents. Reading the documentation
+% in \texttt{ltdefns.dtx} indicated that this is the better redefinition
+% of |\protect|.)
+%
+% This trick is also applied to the 2.09 version for when it is running
+% in the compatibility mode of \LaTeXe. This is needed for the
+% journal-specific coding, more than for the normal package.
+%
+% The automatic indexing of citations (|\NAT@index|) is described in
+% Section~\ref{sec:idx}.
+%
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@split}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Changed to support full author list}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 14}{Fix coding slightly}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 18}{Renamed from \cs{@citez}}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Recode for new \cs{bibcite} structure}
+% The actual assignments of the author--year and numerical label texts to
+% the corresponding commands is carried out by |\NAT@split|. If the long
+% author list is missing (argument |#4|), it is set equal to the short
+% list.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\NAT@split[4]{%
+ \gdef\NAT@num{#1}\gdef\NAT@name{#3}\gdef\NAT@date{#2}%
+ \gdef\NAT@all@names{#4}%
+ \ifx\NAT@noname\NAT@all@names \gdef\NAT@all@names{#3}\fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@parse@date}
+% \changes{5.4}{1995 Feb 6}{Add macro to split date into year and extra label}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 24}{Put extra label in braces to localize any font
+% changes}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 18}{Rename from \cs{@parse@date}}
+% With version 5.4, add the macro |\NAT@parse@date| that splits the date up
+% into year and extra label, putting them into |\NAT@year| and |\NAT@exlab|.
+% This is used to test if authors and years are equal for two adjacent
+% citations, in which case, only the extra label is printed. The
+% macro searches the first 4 characters of the date for a letter
+% (|\catcode|=11) which then becomes the extra label. If there are only
+% numerals in the first 4 positions (more precisely, non-letters), the 5th
+% character is taken as extra label. If there is none, this will be a
+% question mark.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\NAT@parse@date{}
+\def\NAT@parse@date#1#2#3#4#5#6@@{%
+ \ifnum\the\catcode`#1=11\def\NAT@year{}\def\NAT@exlab{#1}\else
+ \ifnum\the\catcode`#2=11\def\NAT@year{#1}\def\NAT@exlab{#2}\else
+ \ifnum\the\catcode`#3=11\def\NAT@year{#1#2}\def\NAT@exlab{#3}\else
+ \ifnum\the\catcode`#4=11\def\NAT@year{#1#2#3}\def\NAT@exlab{#4}\else
+ \def\NAT@year{#1#2#3#4}\def\NAT@exlab{{#5}}\fi\fi\fi\fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Automatic Index Entries for Citations}\label{sec:idx}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@idxtxt}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 21}{Add macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@index}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 21}{Add macro}
+% To make an entry in the index for every citation, I have added
+% |\NAT@index| to the |\NAT@parse| command. This will do nothing unless
+% |\makeindex| has been issued in the preamble, in which case it writes the
+% citation information to the \texttt{.idx} file by means of the standard
+% \LaTeX\ internal |\@wrindex|. The actual format of the citation
+% information is contained in |\NAT@idxtxt| which a user may redefine if
+% needed.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack&!209>
+\newcommand\NAT@index{}
+\let\NAT@makeindex=\makeindex
+\renewcommand\makeindex{\NAT@makeindex
+ \renewcommand\NAT@index{\@bsphack\begingroup
+ \def~{\string~}\@wrindex{\NAT@idxtxt}}}
+\newcommand\NAT@idxtxt{\NAT@name\ \NAT@open\NAT@date\NAT@close}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\ifciteindex}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 21}{Add flag}
+% The switch for activating automatic citation indexing is defined here.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newif\ifciteindex \citeindexfalse
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\citeindextype}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 29}{Add macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@index@alt}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 29}{Add macro}
+% The above coding will not work with the package \texttt{index.sty} by
+% David~M. Jones. For that package, an alternative definition of |\NAT@index|
+% is needed which is activated at the beginning of the document if
+% \texttt{index} has been loaded. It thus does not matter in which order
+% \thestyle\ or \texttt{index} are loaded.
+%
+% With the \texttt{index} package, it is possible to have several index
+% files, defined by a |\newindex| command that associates a name with two
+% file extensions. By default, the name \texttt{default} is associated with
+% \texttt{.idx} and \texttt{.ind}. To make the automatic index entries go to
+% a different set, redefine |\citeindextype|.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\citeindextype{default}
+\newcommand\NAT@index@alt{{\let\protect=\noexpand\let~\relax
+ \xdef\NAT@temp{\NAT@idxtxt}}\expandafter\NAT@exp\NAT@temp\@nil}
+\newcommand\NAT@exp{}
+\def\NAT@exp#1\@nil{\index[\citeindextype]{#1}}
+
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+\@ifpackageloaded{index}{\let\NAT@index=\NAT@index@alt}{}}
+%</!subpack&!209>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Writing the Entries to the Auxiliary File}
+%
+% \noindent(New to version 6.0.)
+%
+% The author--year information is transferred from the \btx{} database to
+% the document via |\bibitem| commands in the |thebibliography|
+% environment. Standard \LaTeX\ simply assigns a running number to these
+% entries, and writes that number with the citation key to the auxiliary
+% file. For author--year citations, the author list and year must be written
+% somehow to the auxiliary file. The form for this is to be
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\bibcite|\marg{key}|{|\marg{num}\marg{year}\marg{short}\marg{long}|}|
+% \end{quote}
+% This is the same form as in standard \LaTeX, except that the second
+% argument becomes a set of 4 items. Here \emph{num} is the sequential
+% number that is to be used if a numerical style is selected, \emph{short}
+% is the abbreviate author list (Jones et al.), \emph{long} the full author
+% list.
+%
+% The author--year information is contained in the optional argument to
+% |\bibitem|, but just how it is formatted depends on the system used. The
+% native \thestyle\ syntax is
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\bibitem[|\emph{short}|(|\emph{year}|)|\emph{long}|]|\marg{key}
+% \end{quote}
+% while the \texttt{chicago} system is
+% \begin{quote}
+% |\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear|\marg{long}\marg{short}\marg{year}|]|%
+% \marg{key}
+% \end{quote}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@ifcmd}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Add macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@ifxcmd}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Add macro}
+% It is necessary to process the optional argument by first testing if it
+% contains a command, and if so, to execute that command. Otherwise, insert
+% our own command to process the following text.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\NAT@ifcmd{\futurelet\NAT@temp\NAT@ifxcmd}
+\newcommand\NAT@ifxcmd{\ifx\NAT@temp\relax\else\expandafter\NAT@bare\fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% This actually only tests if the next token expands to |\relax|, which is
+% what |\protect| will be at this point. If so, just procede: the command
+% itself follows. Otherwise, insert |\NAT@bare|. (Note, we must also define
+% the possible commands like |\citeauthoryear| to do what we want.)
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@bare}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Add macro}
+% The command that is inserted if none is present must parse the native
+% syntax for the author--year information. The template is somewhat complex
+% because it must be able to test if there are no parentheses at all, in
+% which case it activates the alternative, |\NAT@apalk| for the
+% \texttt{apalike} syntax. When |\NAT@ifcmd| is invoked, it adds
+% |()()\@nil| in order to provide the full template of |\NAT@bare|; if the
+% argument itself contains no text in parentheses (not \thestyle{}
+% syntax) then |#2| will be empty; otherwise, |#4| catches the extra
+% parentheses.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\NAT@bare#1(#2)#3()#4\@nil#5{%
+%<*all|apalike|authordate>
+ \if\relax#2\relax
+ \expandafter\NAT@apalk#1, , \@nil{#5}\else
+ \stepcounter{NAT@ctr}%
+%</all|apalike|authordate>
+ \NAT@wrout{\arabic {NAT@ctr}}{#2}{#1}{#3}{#5}
+%<all|apalike|authordate>\fi
+}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% The |NAT@ctr| above contains the designation of whatever counter is
+% selected in the list environment for the \texttt{thebibliography}; it is
+% the sequential counter for the entries.
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@wrout}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Add macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@noname}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 6}{Add macro}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 21}{Prevent expansion of forced space (tilde)}
+% Write the information to the auxiliary file as two arguments to |\bibcite|.
+%
+% Note: the 5 arguments are: counter, year, short list, long list, key.
+% The two author lists are written enclosed in braces to make sure any
+% font commands are kept local. Otherwise, one level of braces disappears for
+% authors like |{\em Jones}|.
+%
+% To test later for the absence of names, define |\NAT@noname| here.
+% Define it with |\def|, otherwise it will be `long' and will not test
+% correctly with |\NAT@all@names| which is defined with |\gdef|.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\NAT@wrout[5]{%
+\if@filesw
+ {\let\protect\noexpand\let~\relax
+ \immediate
+ \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#5}{{#1}{#2}{{#3}}{{#4}}}}}\fi
+\ignorespaces}
+\def\NAT@noname{{}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bibitem}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Recode from standard}
+% \begin{macro}{\@lbibitem}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Recode from standard}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Add dummy macros for \texttt{hyperref.sty}}
+% The above commands are initiated with |\NAT@ifcmd| which decides whether
+% |\NAT@bare| or one of the other commands is to be executed on the
+% following arguments. It is actually |\@lbibitem| that calls |\NAT@ifcmd|,
+% which in turn is invoked by the user command |\bibitem|.
+%
+% If |\bibitem| has no optional argument, then we have a numerical citation
+% style, which is to be forced by setting |\NAT@stdbst|. Put the sequential
+% counter value in as the argument to |\@lbibitem| which is then treated as
+% a non-author--year label.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\renewcommand\bibitem{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@lbibitem}{%
+%<!subpack> \global\NAT@stdbsttrue
+ \stepcounter{NAT@ctr}\@lbibitem[\arabic{NAT@ctr}]}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% Write the label with |\item| in the bibliography listing with the current
+% value of |\NAT@num|, if it exists. This will either be the sequential
+% number or whatever non-author--year text that was given as a special
+% `numerical'. Since |\@biblabel| outputs only in numerical mode, this
+% label vanishes for author--year mode.
+%
+% Finally invoke |\NAT@ifcmd| with the funny template to activate
+% |\NAT@bare| or some alternative.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{%
+ \@ifundefined{b@#2\@extra@b@citeb}{\def\NAT@num{}}{\NAT@parse{#2}}%
+ \item[\hfil\hyper@natanchorstart{#2}\@biblabel{\NAT@num}%
+ \hyper@natanchorend]%
+ \NAT@ifcmd#1()()\@nil{#2}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% Note: in standard \LaTeX, the sequential list counter is printed directly
+% with |\item|, and then written to the auxiliary file so that |\cite| can
+% refer to it on the next run. Here, |\item| prints exactly the same thing
+% as |\cite| on the current run, if we are in numerical mode, otherwise
+% nothing.
+%
+% \changes{6.3}{1996 Jun 10}{Include \texttt{showkeys} coding if already
+% loaded}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Jun 27}{Remove from 2.09 coding}
+% If the \texttt{showkeys} package has already been loaded, the revised
+% version of |\@lbibitem| will not have been saved. In this case, rerun some
+% of the coding from that package. (If \texttt{showkeys} is loaded after
+% \thestyle, there is no problem.)
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!209>
+\@ifpackageloaded{showkeys}{%
+ \let\SK@lbibitem\@lbibitem
+ \def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{%
+ \SK@lbibitem[#1]{#2}\SK@\SK@@label{#2}\ignorespaces}}{}
+%</!209>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\ifNAT@stdbst}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Add flag}
+% If any non-author--year |\bibitem|s have been issued, then force
+% numerical mode, since the author--year |\bibitem|s can handle this, but
+% the numerical ones cannot work in author--year mode. Do this by inserting
+% |\NAT@numberstrue| in the auxiliary file.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack>
+\newif\ifNAT@stdbst \NAT@stdbstfalse
+
+%<209>\let\NAT@enddoc=\enddocument
+%<209>\def\enddocument
+%<!209>\AtEndDocument
+ {\ifNAT@stdbst\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string
+ \global\string\NAT@numberstrue}\fi\fi
+%<209>\NAT@enddoc
+ }
+%</!subpack>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bibcite}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Dec 5}{Add own coding for this macro}
+% \changes{6.1a}{1995 Dec 19}{Add own test for changed citations}
+% Not wanting to rely on the coding for |\bibcite| in the kernel, I define
+% it myself. It is not enough just to `provide' it, for it must do the
+% right thing: write a label named |\b@|\emph{key}. The \LaTeX3 boys
+% might decide to keep the command, but have it store the citations with
+% a different prefix.
+%
+% (I outsmarted myself here again. The test for changed citations and
+% references involves reading in the auxiliary file with revised
+% definitions for |\label| and |\bibcite|. The December~1995 release does
+% this via a generalized labelling command |\@newl@bel|. As a result, I
+% must add this test myself. Not so bad, because the warning comes from
+% \thestyle\ and explicitly refers to citations instead of just
+% `references'.)
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!209>
+\providecommand\bibcite{}
+\renewcommand\bibcite[2]{\@ifundefined{b@#1\@extra@binfo}\relax
+ {\NAT@citemultiple
+ \PackageWarningNoLine{natbib}{Citation `#1' multiply defined}}%
+ \global\@namedef{b@#1\@extra@binfo}{#2}}
+\AtEndDocument{\NAT@swatrue\renewcommand\bibcite[2]%
+ {\NAT@testdef{#1}{#2}}}
+\newcommand\NAT@testdef[2]{%
+ \def\NAT@temp{#2}\expandafter \ifx \csname b@#1\@extra@binfo\endcsname
+ \NAT@temp \else \ifNAT@swa \NAT@swafalse
+ \PackageWarningNoLine{natbib}{Citation(s) may have
+ changed.\MessageBreak
+ Rerun to get citations correct}\fi\fi}
+%</!209>
+%<209>\renewcommand\bibcite[2]{\global\@namedef{b@#1\@extra@binfo}{#2}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Other Author--Year Schemes}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@apalk}
+% \changes{4.1}{1993 Oct 4}{Simplify by using comma-space as separator}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Full author list equals short list}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 18}{Renamed from \cs{@citeapalk}}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Recoded for version~6.0}
+% If the argument of |\bibitem| contains no command, and if it does not
+% conform to the \thestyle{} syntax, then try the \texttt{apalike}
+% syntax (\emph{short}\texttt{, }\emph{year}). This has a funny template
+% too in order to test for different syntax, which is indicated when |#2|
+% is empty. In this case, give up trying to fit it to author--year formats,
+% and go over to `numerical' with a special label. Set the flag
+% |\NAT@stdbst| to mark this. This forces a numerical citation style.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*all|apalike|authordate>
+\newcommand\NAT@apalk{}
+\def\NAT@apalk#1, #2, #3\@nil#4{\if\relax#2\relax
+%<!subpack> \global\NAT@stdbsttrue
+ \NAT@wrout{#1}{}{}{}{#4}\else
+ \stepcounter{NAT@ctr}%
+ \NAT@wrout{\arabic {NAT@ctr}}{#2}{#1}{}{#4}\fi}
+%</all|apalike|authordate>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% Note: the |NAT@ctr| is stepped here and everywhere else it is used,
+% except when a special `numerical' label is being used. This conforms to
+% standard \LaTeX\ which only increments the counter for pure numerical
+% labels, without an optional argument to |\bibitem|.
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% The other schemes of citation labelling may also be accommodated, more
+% easily than \texttt{apalike}. It is just necessary to define the particular
+% commands, like |\citeauthoryear| to write the arguments to the
+% auxiliary file in the required. These commands are detected by
+% |\NAT@ifcmd| and simply left to be executed.
+%
+% The only complication is that |\citeauthoryear| may be given with two or
+% three arguments. This is accommodated by testing the |#3| and changing
+% the form of the write command accordingly.
+%
+% The form of the template is the same as for |\NAT@bare|, since this
+% command is inserted in its place and must therefore conform to its
+% syntax.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\citeauthoryear}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Allow full authors in citation}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Recode for version 6.0}
+% For \texttt{newapa.bst} itself, the commands |\citestarts|, |\citeends|,
+% as well as |\betweenauthors| must be defined; for others in this group,
+% these commands are not needed.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*newapa|chicago|all>
+\newcommand\citeauthoryear{}
+\def\citeauthoryear#1#2#3()()\@nil#4{\stepcounter{NAT@ctr}\if\relax#3\relax
+ \NAT@wrout{\arabic {NAT@ctr}}{#2}{#1}{}{#4}\else
+ \NAT@wrout{\arabic {NAT@ctr}}{#3}{#2}{#1}{#4}\fi}
+\newcommand\citestarts{\NAT@open}
+\newcommand\citeends{\NAT@close}
+\newcommand\betweenauthors{and}
+%</newapa|chicago|all>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\astroncite}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Recode for version 6.0}
+% The |\astroncite| command must similarly conform to |\NAT@bare| syntax
+% and put its arguments into the auxiliary file in the correct order.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*astron|all>
+\newcommand\astroncite{}
+\def\astroncite#1#2()()\@nil#3{\stepcounter{NAT@ctr}\NAT@wrout{\arabic
+{NAT@ctr}}{#2}{#1}{}{#3}}
+%</astron|all>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\citename}
+% \changes{6.0}{1995 Sep 4}{Recode for version 6.0}
+% The |\citename| command just converts its arguments to the |\NAT@apalk|
+% syntax, since its first argument should end in \verb*!, ! as for
+% \texttt{apalike}. By making use of |\NAT@apalk| here, it is also possible
+% to check for non-conformity of the syntax.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*authordate|all>
+\newcommand\citename{}
+\def\citename#1#2()()\@nil#3{\expandafter\NAT@apalk#1#2, \@nil{#3}}
+%</authordate|all>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\harvarditem}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Allow full authors in citation}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 18}{Defined in \LaTeXe\ terms}
+% The Harvard family is allowed for simply by defining |\harvarditem| in
+% terms of |\bibitem| with the \thestyle{} form.
+%
+% The |\harvarditem| must allow for the optional argument, which is
+% the short author list. Use the short list in |\bibitem| if it is there,
+% otherwise the long list must be taken.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*harvard|all>
+%<!209>\newcommand\harvarditem[4][]%
+%<209>\def\harvarditem{\@ifnextchar[{\@harvarditem}{\@harvarditem[]}}
+%<209>\def\@harvarditem[#1]#2#3#4%
+ {\if\relax#1\relax\bibitem[#2(#3)]{#4}\else
+ \bibitem[#1(#3)#2]{#4}\fi }
+% \end{macrocode}
+% The command |\citeasnoun| must be defined since \texttt{harvard.bst}
+% can add it for cross-referencing.
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\harvardleft}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\harvardright}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\harvardyearleft}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\harvardyearright}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\harvardand}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\harvardurl}
+% \changes{5.3}{1994 Sep 13}{Add macro}
+% The \texttt{harvard} package has been updated for \LaTeXe, and includes
+% some new punctuation commands in the accompanying \texttt{bst} files.
+% (Maybe they were always there and I overlooked them.) In order for
+% \thestyle{} to work with these, it needs to define them. The |left| and
+% |right| commands have equivalents already; |\harvardurl| is defined
+% as in \texttt{harvard.sty}. It is necessary to define |\harvardand|
+% conditionally, and only later, in case it has already been set to
+% something else by a |\bibstyle@xxx| (e.g., \texttt{agsm} sets it
+% to |\&|.)
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\harvardleft{\NAT@open}
+\newcommand\harvardright{\NAT@close}
+\newcommand\harvardyearleft{\NAT@open}
+\newcommand\harvardyearright{\NAT@close}
+%<!209>\AtBeginDocument{\providecommand{\harvardand}{and}}
+%<209>\def\harvardand{and}
+\newcommand\harvardurl[1]{\textbf{URL:} \textit{##1}}
+%</harvard|all>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{The Bibliography Listing}
+% Changes must be made to the \texttt{thebibliography} environment for
+% author--year citations. This is done be defining the environment with the
+% features common to both schemes, and then by invoking |\@bibsetup|, which
+% is either the author--year or numerical version.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\bibsection}
+% \changes{4.2}{1993 Oct 22}{Make specific for JGR, GRL, NLINPROC}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 May 18}{Use \cs{renewcommand}}
+% \changes{6.2}{1996 Apr 15}{Modified for \texttt{amsart} and \texttt{amsbook}}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 1}{Modified for \texttt{sectionbib} option}
+% \changes{6.5}{1997 Feb 5}{Allow for \cs{bib@headings} in KOMA scripts}
+% First, |\bibsection| is defined according to the main style: if chapters
+% exist, then the bibliography is a numberless chapter, otherwise a
+% numberless section. For the specific journals, |\bibsection| takes on
+% special definitions.
+%
+% Since the AMS classes \texttt{amsart} and \texttt{amsbook} redefine
+% |\section*| in a way that is incompatible with the way it is used in
+% the \texttt{bibliographystyle} environment, it is necessary to remove the
+% |\@mkboth| from the section title. Since these classes do not use this
+% command at this point, there is no loss of functionality.
+%
+% The packages of the KOMA scripts make use of |\bib@heading| which functions
+% much like |\bibsection|. If it is defined, let |\bibsection| be equal to it.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!agu&!egs>
+%<!209>\providecommand\bibsection{}
+%<209>\def\bibsection{}
+\@ifundefined{chapter}%
+ {\renewcommand\bibsection{\section*{\refname
+ \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase{\refname}}{\MakeUppercase{\refname}}}}}
+ {\@ifundefined{NAT@sectionbib}%
+ {\renewcommand\bibsection{\chapter*{\bibname
+ \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase{\bibname}}{\MakeUppercase{\bibname}}}}}
+ {\renewcommand\bibsection{\section*{\bibname
+ \ifx\@mkboth\@gobbletwo\else\markright{\MakeUppercase{\bibname}}\fi}}}}
+%<*!subpack>
+%<*!209>
+\@ifclassloaded{amsart}%
+ {\renewcommand\bibsection{\section*{\refname}}{}}{}
+\@ifclassloaded{amsbook}%
+ {\renewcommand\bibsection{\section*{\bibname}}{}}{}
+%</!209>
+\@ifundefined{bib@heading}{}{\let\bibsection\bib@heading}
+%</!subpack>
+%</!agu&!egs>
+%<egs>\def\bibsection{\if@draft\newpage\fi
+%<egs> \noappendix\section*{\refname}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{environment}{thebibliography}
+% \changes{4.1b}{1993 Oct 18}{Add \cmd{\bibfont}, defaulted
+% to \cmd{\relax}}
+% \changes{4.2}{1993 Oct 22}{Add coding for JGR, GRL, NLINPROC}
+% \changes{4.2}{1993 Nov 20}{Remove coding for AGU, since AGU-supplied
+% coding is adequate but different}
+% \changes{5.1}{1994 Jun 22}{Put \cmd{\bibfont} at start so \cmd{\list}
+% uses list parameters appropriate for the font size}
+% \changes{5.1}{1994 Jun 22}{Add \cmd{\if@openbib} as in \LaTeXe}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 27}{Add special cross-ref citations for compatibility
+% with \texttt{harvard}, \texttt{chicago}, and \texttt{named}}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Nov 22}{Replace \cs{if@openbib} with \cs{ifNAT@openbib}}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Dec 4}{Replace counter \texttt{enumiv} with
+% \texttt{NAT@ctr} and refer to it explicitly, not with \cs{@listctr}}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Dec 4}{Use \cs{PackageWarning} for empty
+% bibliography}
+%
+% The \texttt{thebibliography} environment is defined much as normal, except
+% that |\bibsetup| contains the special features for numerical or
+% author--year styles. The command |\bibfont| permits permits different
+% font sizes or styles to be used in the list. For example, for
+% \textsl{Nonlinear Processes} it is |\small|. This means |\bibfont| must
+% be issued before the |\list| command, since the list parameters depend
+% on the current font size. For \textsl{AGU}, the whole
+% |\thebibliography| is left off, since the AGU-supplied coding will
+% do. It is only necessary to add |\noappendix| to the AGU coding.
+%
+% I have replaced |\if@openbib| with |\ifNAT@openbib| in order to be
+% independent of the standard classes; this flag disappeared with the
+% December~1995 release of \LaTeX, so I do it myself just to be sure.
+%
+% At the same time,
+% I have also decided to use my own counter |NAT@ctr| for the numericals;
+% previously I used |enumiv| as in the standard, and refered to it
+% elsewhere with |\@listctr|, but now I refer to it explicitly. This is to
+% avoid trouble if |\@listctr| should ever disappear. (The value of
+% |\@listctr| is set by |\usecounter|.)
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcounter{NAT@ctr}
+%<*!agu>
+\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{%
+ \bibfont\bibsection\parindent \z@\list
+ {\@biblabel{\arabic{NAT@ctr}}}{\@bibsetup{#1}%
+ \setcounter{NAT@ctr}{0}}%
+%<*!209&!subpack>
+ \ifNAT@openbib
+ \renewcommand\newblock{\par}
+ \else
+ \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
+ \fi
+%</!209&!subpack>
+%<209|subpack> \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus.33em minus.07em}%
+ \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+ \sfcode`\.=1000\relax
+% \end{macrocode}
+% The files \texttt{chicago.bst} and \texttt{named.bst} can add the
+% commands |\citeN| and |\shortcite| respectively to the \texttt{.bbl}
+% files, for cross-referencing. Similarly, \texttt{harvard.bst} can add
+% |\citeasnoun|. These commands must therefore be accommodated,
+% as least within the |thebibliography| environment.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<newapa|chicago|all> \let\citeN\cite \let\shortcite\cite
+%<harvard|all> \let\citeasnoun\cite
+ }{\def\@noitemerr{%
+%<209> \@warning
+%<!209> \PackageWarning{natbib}
+ {Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+ \endlist\vskip-\lastskip}
+%<!egs>\let\bibfont=\relax
+%<egs>\let\bibfont=\small
+%</!agu>
+%<*agu>
+\let\aguthebib=\thebibliography
+\def\thebibliography#1{\noappendix\aguthebib{#1}}
+%</agu>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{environment}
+%
+% \subsection{Compatibility Commands}
+% \begin{macro}{\reset@font}
+% \begin{macro}{\refname}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Jun 18}{Provide name with \LaTeXe\ too}
+% \begin{macro}{\bibname}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Jun 18}{Provide name with \LaTeXe\ too}
+% For older implementations of \LaTeX~2.09 (before December, 1991) the
+% |\reset@font| command does not exist. It is defined to be |\relax| under
+% normal \LaTeX{}, but does more under NFSS. In case it is not defined, add
+% it here. The naming commands |\bibname| and |\refname| are similarly
+% unknown for this old \LaTeX. They are sometimes even unknown in non-standard
+% classes that are used in place of \texttt{article}, \texttt{report}, and
+% \texttt{book}.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!209>
+\providecommand\reset@font{\relax}
+\providecommand\bibname{Bibliography}
+\providecommand\refname{References}
+%</!209>
+%<*209>
+\@ifundefined{reset@font}{\let\reset@font=\relax}{}
+%<!agu&!egs>\@ifundefined{bibname}{\newcommand\bibname{Bibliography}}{}
+\@ifundefined{refname}{\newcommand\refname{References}}{}
+%</209>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@citeundefined}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Nov 22}{Add macro}
+% The December~1995 release of \LaTeX\ considered renaming the command
+% |\G@refundefinedtrue| for flagging undefined references. However, since a
+% number of packages, including \thestyle, were affected, it was decided to
+% retain the old name for the new coding. I had already decided to go for
+% an independent coding, which does exactly the same thing.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!209>
+\newcommand\NAT@citeundefined{\gdef \NAT@undefined {%
+ \PackageWarningNoLine{natbib}{There were undefined citations}}}
+\let \NAT@undefined \relax
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@citemultiple}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Dec 6}{Add macro}
+% Add the warning about multiply-defined citations, as part of the
+% do-it-yourself |\bibcite| definition.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\NAT@citemultiple{\gdef \NAT@multiple {%
+ \PackageWarningNoLine{natbib}{There were multiply defined citations}}}
+\let \NAT@multiple \relax
+\AtEndDocument{\NAT@undefined\NAT@multiple}
+%</!209>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@mkboth}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Dec 4}{Provide macro in case it is removed from
+% kernel}
+% Having been burned by the December~1995 update on several internal
+% commands, I have decided to make \thestyle\ as independent as
+% possible, or at least to avoid it crashing when internals are changed or
+% disappear in future. The |\@mkboth| is used in the bibliography listing,
+% and is the same as |\makeboth| with \texttt{headings} pagestyle. Provide
+% a dummy in case it disappears. If the kernel should use a different
+% command in future, the headings will not function, but at least there
+% will be no crash. (Also needed for very old versions of \LaTeX~2.09.)
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<209>\@ifundefined{@mkboth}{\newcommand\@markboth[2]{}}{}
+%<!209>\providecommand\@mkboth[2]{}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\MakeUppercase}
+% \changes{6.1}{1995 Dec 4}{Provide compatibility for older versions}
+% The |\MakeUppercase| command replaces |\uppercase| in \LaTeXe\ of
+% June~1995. Provide it for earlier versions.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<209>\let\MakeUppercase\uppercase
+%<!209>\providecommand\MakeUppercase{\uppercase}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\@extra@b@citeb}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 1}{Add macro for \texttt{chapterbib.sty}}
+% \begin{macro}{\@extra@binfo}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Sep 1}{Add macro for \texttt{chapterbib.sty}}
+% Two commands used by the \texttt{chapterbib} package, but which must
+% be defined to be nothing for use without that package. Do not |\let| them
+% be |\relax|, for that package checks if they exist (i.e., not |\relax|)
+% and redefines things like |\@citex|, which we do not want to have happen.
+% The necessary redefinitions are already included in \thestyle.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<209>\@ifundefined{@extra@b@citeb}{\def\@extra@b@citeb{}}{}
+%<!209>\providecommand{\@extra@b@citeb}{}
+\gdef\@extra@binfo{}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\hyper@natanchorstart}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Provide macro for \texttt{hyperref} package}
+% \begin{macro}{\hyper@natanchorend}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Provide macro for \texttt{hyperref} package}
+% \begin{macro}{\hyper@natlinkstart}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Provide macro for \texttt{hyperref} package}
+% \begin{macro}{\hyper@natlinkend}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 2}{Provide macro for \texttt{hyperref} package}
+% The \texttt{hyperref} package of Sebastian Rahtz and Yannis Haralambous
+% defines these macros to
+% make hypertext links and references. Without that package, these macros
+% must be turned off. The order of loading \thestyle\ and \texttt{hyperref}
+% should not be important.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!209>
+\providecommand\hyper@natanchorstart[1]{}
+\providecommand\hyper@natanchorend{}
+\providecommand\hyper@natlinkstart[1]{}
+\providecommand\hyper@natlinkend{}
+%</!209>
+%<*209>
+\@ifundefined{hyper@natanchorstart}{\def\hyper@natanchorstart#1{}}{}
+\@ifundefined{hyper@natanchorend}{\def\hyper@natanchorend{}}{}
+\@ifundefined{hyper@natlinkstart}{\def\hyper@natlinkstart#1{}}{}
+\@ifundefined{hyper@natlinkend}{\def\hyper@natlinkend{}}{}
+%</209>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}\end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Sorting and Compression of Numbers}
+% The \texttt{cite} and (obsolete) \texttt{citesort} packages by Donald
+% Arseneau provide the coding for printing multiple citation numbers in
+% ascending order, and with a range where applicable. That is, if the
+% normal result of |\cite{..}| with several keys were [5, 3, 8, 4], the new
+% result would be [3--5, 8].
+%
+% Since \texttt{cite.sty} totally reimplements the citation commands (as
+% does \thestyle) it is not possible to make the two compatible. Instead, I
+% have removed the necessary coding from \texttt{cite.sty}, converted it to
+% \thestyle\ format, and added it here.
+%
+% To activate the sorting and compression of numerical citations, load
+% \thestyle\ with the options \texttt{numbers,sort}.
+% This coding has no effect on author--year citations.
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\NAT@citen}
+% \changes{6.4}{1996 Oct 11}{Add coding from \texttt{cite.sty}}
+% It is not included in the \LaTeX~2.09 version, nor in the journal packages
+% since it is turned on by a package option, something missing in both of
+% them. Besides, the journals are author--year mode.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack&!209>
+\ifnum\NAT@sort=1
+\newcommand\NAT@citen[1]{%
+\nocite{#1}%
+\@tempcntb\m@ne
+\let\@h@ld\relax
+\let\@citea\@empty
+\let\@celt\delimiter
+\def\@cite@list{}%
+\@for \@citeb:=#1\do{\@make@cite@list}%
+\@tempcnta\m@ne
+\let\@celt\@compress@cite \@cite@list
+\@h@ld}
+
+\begingroup \catcode`\_=8
+\gdef\@make@cite@list{%
+ \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
+ \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}{%
+ \@citea{\reset@font\bfseries?}\def\@citea{\NAT@sep\penalty\@m\NAT@space}%
+ \NAT@citeundefined\PackageWarning{natcite}%
+ {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}}%
+ {\NAT@parse{\@citeb}%
+ \ifcat _\ifnum\z@<0\NAT@num _\else A\fi % a positive number, put in list
+ \@tempcnta\NAT@num \relax
+ \ifnum \@tempcnta>\@tempcntb % new highest, add to end (efficiently)
+ \edef\@cite@list{\@cite@list \@celt{\NAT@num}}%
+ \@tempcntb\@tempcnta
+ \else % arbitrary number: insert appropriately
+ \edef\@cite@list{\expandafter\@sort@celt \@cite@list \@gobble @}%
+ \fi
+ \else % citation is not a number, output immediately
+ \@citea \NAT@num \def\@citea{\NAT@sep\penalty\@m\NAT@space}%
+ \fi}}
+\endgroup
+
+\def\@compress@cite#1{%
+ \advance\@tempcnta\@ne
+ \ifnum #1=\@tempcnta
+ \ifx\@h@ld\relax
+ \edef\@h@ld{\@citea #1}%
+ \else
+ \def\@h@ld{\hbox{--}\penalty\@m #1}%
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \@h@ld \@citea #1\let\@h@ld\relax
+ \fi \@tempcnta#1\def\@citea{\NAT@sep\penalty\@m\NAT@space}%
+}
+
+\def\@sort@celt#1#2{\ifx \@celt #1%
+ \ifnum #2<\@tempcnta
+ \@celt{#2}%
+ \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\@sort@celt
+ \else
+ \@celt{\number\@tempcnta}\@celt{#2}%
+ \fi\fi}
+\def\NAT@citexnum[#1][#2]#3{\let\@citea\@empty
+ \@cite{\NAT@citen{#3}}{#1}{#2}}
+\fi
+%</!subpack&!209>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \subsection{Local Configuration}
+% \changes{5.2}{1994 Aug 25}{Add reading in of \texttt{natbib.cfg}}
+% \changes{5.5}{1995 Mar 21}{Local configuration read in at end}
+% To accommodate local additional |\bibstyle@| definitions,
+% or any other modifications to the coding, read in
+% configuration file \texttt{natbib.cfg} if it exists.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*!subpack&!209>
+\InputIfFileExists{natbib.cfg}
+ {\typeout{Local config file natbib.cfg used}}{}
+%</!subpack&!209>
+%</package>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \Finale
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/natbib.ins b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/natbib.ins
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a55f912909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/natbib.ins
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+%% LaTeX2e file `natbib.ins'
+%% generated by the `filecontents' environment
+%% from source `natbib' on 1996/10/11.
+%%
+% Simply TeX or LaTeX this file to extract various files from
+% the source file `natbib.dtx'
+% Comment out the \generateFile lines for any files you do not want.
+
+\def\batchfile{natbib.ins}
+\input docstrip
+
+\preamble
+
+Only a few abbreviated comments remain here to describe the usage.
+
+\endpreamble
+\postamble
+<<<<< End of decommented file <<<<<<
+\endpostamble
+\keepsilent
+
+\generateFile{natbib.sty}{f}{\from{natbib.dtx}{package,all}}
+
+\preamble
+
+This is the LaTeX 2.09 version of the package.
+It will not be maintained forever.
+Please upgrade to LaTeX2e so that you may use the proper package.
+
+Only a few abbreviated comments remain here to describe the usage.
+
+\endpreamble
+
+% Activate the next line to get a version for running under LaTeX 2.09
+%\generateFile{natbib209.sty}{f}{\from{natbib.dtx}{package,all,209}}
+
+\preamble
+
+This is the driver file to produce the LaTeX documentation from the
+source file \inFileName.
+Make changes to it as needed. (Never change the \inFileName file!)
+\endpreamble
+\postamble
+
+End of documentation driver file.
+\endpostamble
+
+% Activate the next line for a documentation driver
+% that you can configure yourself.
+%\generateFile{natbib.drv}{f}{\from{natbib.dtx}{driver}}
+
+\obeyspaces
+\Msg{*******************************************}%
+\Msg{* For documentation, process natbib.dtx *}%
+\Msg{* or the driver file natbib.drv *}%
+\Msg{* (LaTeX2e only!) *}%
+\Msg{*******************************************}
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/read.me b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/read.me
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f44eecfb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/read.me
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+% read.me
+% LaTeX class for Annales Geophysicae
+% read-me file
+% (c) Springer-Verlag HD
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+%
+
+This directory contains the LaTeX2e support for Annales Geophysicae
+
+For a quick entry to the Annales Geophysicae-formatting and if you are
+already familiar with the SVJour class you need only the three files:
+svjour.cls, svagp.clo, and template.tex - natbib.sty should be available
+in TeXs search path.
+
+The following files are part of the macro package
+
+ read.me This file
+ svjour.cls The document class file for Springer journals
+ usrguide.* User's Guide (dvi, pdf)
+ svagp.clo The class option file for Annales Geophysicae
+ natbib.dtx The natbib package of Patrick W. Daly.
+ Typeset this file for complete documentation of natbib.
+ natbib.ins Run the file natbib.ins to produce natbib.sty for LaTeX
+ agpguide.* User's Guide (tex, dvi, ps [to be found in psoutput.zip])
+ template.tex A fill-in-form for a standard article with usage comments
+ psoutput.zip PS files of the above mentioned DVIs,
+ compressed due to their size.
+
+ subdirectory: example (contains all data of a sample article)
+
+ example.* Example of an article (tex, dvi, ps [in psoutput.zip])
+
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/svagp.clo b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/svagp.clo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f0c9224f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/svagp.clo
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+% SVJour DOCUMENT CLASS OPTION AGP -- Annales Geophysicae
+%
+% This is an enhancement for the
+% LaTeX document class for Springer journals (two column version)
+%
+%%
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+\ProvidesFile{svagp.clo}
+ [1999/01/11 v1.0
+ style option for Annales Geophysicae]
+\typeout{SVJour Class option: svagp.clo for Annales Geophysicae}
+\ExecuteOptions{final,twocolumn,10pt}
+\DeclareOption{leqno}{\input{leqno.clo}}
+\let\if@mathematic\iffalse
+% No size changing allowed, hence a copy of size10.clo is included
+\renewcommand\normalsize{%
+ \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt{10.5dd}%
+ \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
+ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
+ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+ \let\@listi\@listI}
+\normalsize
+\newcommand\small{%
+ \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{10pt}%
+ \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
+ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
+ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
+ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@
+ \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+ \itemsep0\p@}%
+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+\let\footnotesize\small
+\newcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}
+\newcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}
+\newcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{13dd}}
+\newcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{15dd}}
+\newcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{17dd}}
+\newcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}
+\newcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}
+%
+\setlength{\textwidth}{178mm}
+\setlength{\textheight}{240mm}
+\setlength{\columnsep}{6.5mm}
+%
+\def\agp@maketitle{\par
+\ch@ckobl{journalname}{Noname}
+\ch@ckobl{date}{the date of receipt and acceptance should be inserted later}
+\ch@ckobl{title}{A title should be given}
+\ch@ckobl{author}{Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) should be given}
+\ch@ckobl{institute}{Address(es) of author(s) should be given}
+% Abstract move to end of file
+% \ch@ckobl{abstract}{Abstract is missing.}
+\begingroup
+%
+ \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+ \def\@makefnmark{$^{\@thefnmark}$}%
+ \def\switch@fnmark{\def\thefootnote{\alph{footnote}}}%
+%
+ \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{inst}=2\relax
+ \unskip{} \andname\
+ \else
+ \unskip, \andname\
+ \fi}%
+ \def\and{\stepcounter{auth}\relax
+ \if@smartand
+ \ifnum\value{auth}=\value{inst}%
+ \lastand
+ \else
+ \unskip,
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \unskip,
+ \fi}%
+ \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
+ \@maketitle
+ \else
+ \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
+ \fi
+ \thispagestyle{empty}
+ \global\@topnum\z@
+ \@thanks
+ \if!\@mail!\else
+ \footnotetext[0]{\kern-\bibindent\mailname\
+ \ignorespaces\@mail}%
+ \fi
+%
+ \if@runhead
+ \ProcessRunnHead
+ \fi
+%
+ \endgroup
+ \setcounter{footnote}{0}
+ \global\let\thanks\relax
+ \global\let\maketitle\relax
+ \global\let\@maketitle\relax
+ \global\let\@thanks\@empty
+ \global\let\@author\@empty
+ \global\let\@date\@empty
+ \global\let\@title\@empty
+ \global\let\@subtitle\@empty
+ \global\let\title\relax
+ \global\let\author\relax
+ \global\let\date\relax
+ \global\let\and\relax}
+%
+\newskip\stretchtitle \stretchtitle=10.75dd plus1fill
+\def\agp@@maketitle{\newpage
+ \normalfont
+ \vbox to0pt{\vskip-40pt
+ \nointerlineskip
+ \makeheadbox\vss}\nointerlineskip
+ \setbox\authrun=\vbox\bgroup
+ {\LARGE \bfseries
+ \hrule\@height\logodepth\@width\z@
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \rightskip=0pt plus 4cm
+ \if!\@headnote!\else
+ \noindent
+ {\LARGE\normalfont\itshape\ignorespaces\@headnote\par}\vskip 3.5mm
+ \fi
+ \noindent\ignorespaces
+ \@title \par}\vskip 12.25pt\relax % Abstand nach title
+ \authorfont
+ \if!\@subtitle!\else
+ \vskip-3.25pt
+ {\Large\bfseries
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \rightskip=0pt plus 3cm
+ \noindent\ignorespaces\@subtitle \par}\vskip 11.24pt
+ \fi
+ \lineskip .5em
+ \switch@fnmark
+ \def\@makefnmark{$^{\mathrm\@thefnmark}$}%
+ \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
+ \protected@xdef\@thanks{\@thanks\protect\switch@fnmark}%
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{auth} }%
+ \hfuzz=2\textwidth\def\thanks##1{}\@author}%
+ \value{inst}=\value{auth}%
+ \setcounter{auth}{1}%
+ \rightskip=0pt plus 2cm
+ \noindent\ignorespaces\@author\vskip7.23pt
+ \rightskip=0pt\relax
+ \small\rm
+ \institutename
+ \vskip 8.35pt
+ \noindent\@date
+ \if!\@dedic!\else
+ \par
+ \normalsize\it
+ \addvspace\baselineskip
+ \noindent\@dedic
+ \fi
+ \vskip 12.85pt
+ \egroup % end of header box
+ \@tempdima=\headerboxheight
+ \advance\@tempdima by-\ht\authrun
+ \ifdim\@tempdima>0pt
+ \vrule width0pt height\@tempdima
+ \fi
+ \unvbox\authrun
+ \global\@minipagetrue
+ \global\everypar{\global\@minipagefalse\global\everypar{}}
+ \vskip15pt
+}
+%
+\def\PACS#1{\gdef\@PACS{#1}}
+\def\@@PACS{\par\addvspace\baselineskip\noindent{\sffamily\bfseries
+PACS.\enspace}\ignorespaces\expandafter\pacsstart\@PACS\par}
+\def\keywords#1{\par\addvspace\baselineskip\noindent\keywordname\
+\ignorespaces#1}
+%
+\def\agprunnhead{%
+ \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
+ \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
+ \instindent=\textwidth
+ \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
+ \if!\the\titlerunning!\else
+ \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
+ \fi
+ \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\ignorespaces\@title}%
+ \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
+ \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: Title too long for running head.}%
+ \typeout{Please supply a shorter form with \string\titlerunning
+ \space prior to \string\maketitle}%
+ \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm
+ Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
+ \fi
+ \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
+%
+ \if!\the\authorrunning!
+ \else
+ \setcounter{auth}{1}%
+ \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
+ \fi
+ \ifnum\value{auth}>2
+ \def\stripauthor##1\and##2\endauthor{%
+ \protected@xdef\@author{##1\unskip\unskip\if!##2!\else\ et al.\fi}}%
+ \expandafter\stripauthor\@author\and\endauthor
+ \else
+ \gdef\and{\unskip, \ignorespaces}%
+ {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
+ \protected@xdef\@author{\@author}}
+ \fi
+ \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\ignorespaces
+ \@author\unskip: \unhbox\titrun}%
+ \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
+ \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: The running head built automatically from
+ \string\author\space and \string\title
+ ^^Jexceeds the pagewidth, please supply a shorter form
+ ^^Jwith \string\authorrunning\space and
+ \string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}%
+ \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm Please give a shorter version
+ with: {\tt\string\authorrunning\space and
+ \string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}}%
+ \fi
+ \xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}%
+ \markboth{\@author}{\@author}%
+}
+%
+% Changes for Journal AGP
+\AtEndOfClass{%
+\let\if@runhead\iftrue
+\let\if@smartand\iffalse
+\let\@maketitle=\agp@@maketitle
+\let\maketitle=\agp@maketitle
+\let\ProcessRunnHead=\agprunnhead
+% Abstract nicht mehr im Kopf enthalten
+\def\@abstract#1{\begin{abstract} #1 \end{abstract}}
+\def\strich{\vspace{5mm}\hrule\vskip3ptplus12pt\null}
+\def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\hfil\leftmark}%
+\def\@oddhead{\small\rightmark\hfil\llap{\thepage}}%
+\def\sectcounterend{}
+\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
+ {-21dd plus-4dd minus-4dd}{10.5dd
+ }{\normalsize\bfseries}}
+\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+ {-21dd plus-4dd minus-4dd}{10.5dd
+ }{\normalsize\it}}
+\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+ {-21dd plus-4dd minus-4dd}{-1pt}{\normalsize\it}}
+\def\paragraph{\@startsection{subsubsection}{4}{\z@}%
+ {-21dd plus-4dd minus-4dd}{-1pt}{\normalsize\sffamily\rmseries}}
+\def\authorfont{\bfseries}
+\def\leftlegendglue{\hfil}
+\setlength\parskip{0\p@}
+%
+\def\institutename{\vskip-2.75pt
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \parskip=0pt
+ \lineskip=0pt
+ \setcounter{inst}{1}%
+ \def\and{\vskip0pt\stepcounter{inst}%
+ \if@instindent\hangindent\instindent\fi
+ \noindent
+ \hbox to\instindent{\hss$^{\theinst}$\kern.2em}\ignorespaces}%
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}
+ \ifnum\value{inst}>9\relax\setbox0=\hbox{$^{88}$\kern.2em}%
+ \else\setbox0=\hbox{$^{8}$\kern.2em}\fi
+ \instindent=\wd0\relax
+ \ifnum\value{inst}=1\relax
+ \else
+ \setcounter{inst}{1}%
+ \if@instindent\hangindent\instindent\fi
+ \noindent
+ \hbox to\instindent{\hss$^{\theinst}$\kern.2em}\ignorespaces
+ \fi
+ \small
+ \ignorespaces
+ \@institute\par
+ \endgroup}
+%
+\def\keywords#1{\vskip2\baselineskip\noindent\keywordname\ \ignorespaces#1
+\vskip1.5\baselineskip}
+%
+\setlength\parindent{14\p@}
+\betweenumberspace=5pt
+%
+\def\ps@headings{%
+ \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+ \def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\leftmark\unskip}%
+ \def\@oddhead{\small\rightmark\hfil\llap{\thepage}}%
+ \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+ \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+ \let\subsectionmark\@gobble
+ }
+%
+% Bibliography
+% Loading package 'NATBIB'
+\usepackage[round]{natbib}
+% Changing some parameters of NATBIB
+\setlength{\bibhang}{4mm}
+\let\bibfont=\small
+\def\@biblabel#1{}
+\newcommand{\etal}{\textit{et al}.}
+%
+% Skip the caption to left
+\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
+ ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+ the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+ \@parboxrestore
+ \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3\hfill}\par
+ \endgroup}
+%
+%\setlength{\leftmargini}{0pt}
+% Loading package 'AMSMATH'
+\IfFileExists{amsmath.sty}
+ {\usepackage[fleqn]{amsmath}
+ \setlength{\@mathmargin}{0\p@}}
+ {\errmessage{amsmath.sty dosn't exist!}}
+%
+\journalname{Annales Geophysicae}}
+%%
+%% End of file `svagp.clo'.
+\endinput
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/svjour.cls b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/svjour.cls
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79d1402952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/svjour.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,1236 @@
+% SVJour DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 1.8 for LaTeX2e
+%
+% LaTeX document class for Springer journals
+%
+%%
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{svjour}[1999/09/14
+^^JLaTeX document class for Springer journals - version 1.8]
+\newcommand\@ptsize{}
+\newif\if@restonecol
+\newif\if@titlepage
+\@titlepagefalse
+\DeclareOption{a4paper}
+ {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
+ \setlength\paperwidth {210mm}}
+\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}}
+\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue}
+\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}}
+\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}}
+\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@twocolumntrue}
+\DeclareOption{fleqn}{\input{fleqn.clo}\AtEndOfClass{\mathindent\z@}}
+\let\if@mathematic\iftrue
+\let\if@numbook\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{numbook}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue
+ \AtEndOfPackage{%
+ \renewcommand\thefigure{\thesection.\@arabic\c@figure}%
+ \renewcommand\thetable{\thesection.\@arabic\c@table}%
+ \renewcommand\theequation{\thesection.\@arabic\c@equation}%
+ \@addtoreset{figure}{section}%
+ \@addtoreset{table}{section}%
+ \@addtoreset{equation}{section}%
+ }%
+}
+\DeclareOption{openbib}{%
+ \AtEndOfPackage{%
+ \renewcommand\@openbib@code{%
+ \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
+ \itemindent -\bibindent
+ \listparindent \itemindent
+ \parsep \z@
+ }%
+ \renewcommand\newblock{\par}}%
+}
+%
+\let\if@runhead\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{runningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iftrue}
+\let\if@smartrunh\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{smartrunhead}{\let\if@smartrunh\iftrue}
+\DeclareOption{nosmartrunhead}{\let\if@smartrunh\iffalse}
+\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{envcountreset}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue}
+\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue}
+\let\if@envcntsect\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue}
+\let\if@referee\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{referee}{\let\if@referee\iftrue}
+\def\makereferee{\def\baselinestretch{2}}
+\let\if@instindent\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{instindent}{\let\if@instindent\iftrue}
+\let\if@smartand\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{smartand}{\let\if@smartand\iftrue}
+\let\if@spthms\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{nospthms}{\let\if@spthms\iffalse}
+\let\switch@texts\relax
+\DeclareOption{deutsch}{\def\switch@texts{\ds@deutsch}}
+\DeclareOption{francais}{\def\switch@texts{\ds@francais}}
+%
+\let\journalopt\@empty
+\DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{sv\CurrentOption.clo}{%
+\let\journalopt\CurrentOption}{%
+\ClassWarning{Springer-SVJour}{Specified option or subpackage
+"\CurrentOption" not found -}\OptionNotUsed}}
+\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,twoside,10pt,instindent}
+\ProcessOptions
+\ifx\journalopt\@empty
+\ClassError{Springer-SVJour}{No valid journal specified in option list}{}
+\expandafter\stop
+\fi
+%
+\if@smartrunh\AtEndDocument{\islastpageeven\getlastpagenumber}\fi
+%
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A}
+%
+\setlength\parindent{15\p@}
+\setlength\smallskipamount{3\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
+\setlength\medskipamount{6\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\bigskipamount{12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\headheight{12\p@}
+\setlength\headsep {16.74dd}
+\setlength\topskip {10\p@}
+\setlength\footskip{30\p@}
+\setlength\maxdepth{.5\topskip}
+%
+\@settopoint\textwidth
+\setlength\marginparsep {10\p@}
+\setlength\marginparpush{5\p@}
+\setlength\topmargin{-10pt}
+\if@twocolumn
+ \setlength\oddsidemargin {-30\p@}
+ \setlength\evensidemargin{-30\p@}
+\else
+ \setlength\oddsidemargin {\z@}
+ \setlength\evensidemargin{\z@}
+\fi
+\setlength\marginparwidth {48\p@}
+\setlength\footnotesep{8\p@}
+\setlength{\skip\footins}{9\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\floatsep {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\textfloatsep{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\intextsep {20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\dblfloatsep {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\dbltextfloatsep{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\@fptop{0\p@}
+\setlength\@fpsep{12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\@fpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\@dblfptop{0\p@}
+\setlength\@dblfpsep{12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\@dblfpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\partopsep{2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
+\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \parsep \z@
+ \topsep 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+ \itemsep\parsep}
+\let\@listI\@listi
+\@listi
+\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginii
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep \z@
+ \parsep \topsep
+ \itemsep \parsep}
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginiii
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep \z@
+ \parsep \topsep
+ \itemsep \parsep}
+\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginiv
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listv {\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginv
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginvi
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+%
+\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
+\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
+\renewcommand\baselinestretch{}
+\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@}
+\@lowpenalty 51
+\@medpenalty 151
+\@highpenalty 301
+\setcounter{topnumber}{4}
+\renewcommand\topfraction{.9}
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{2}
+\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.7}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{6}
+\renewcommand\textfraction{.1}
+\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.85}
+\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{3}
+\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{.85}
+\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.85}
+\def\ps@headings{%
+ \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+ \def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\hfil\leftmark\unskip}%
+ \def\@oddhead{\small\rightmark\hfil\llap{\thepage}}%
+ \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+ \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+ \let\subsectionmark\@gobble
+ }
+% make indentations changeable
+\def\setitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+ \leftmargini\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargini\labelsep
+ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+ \parsep=\parskip
+ \topsep=\medskipamount
+ \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+\def\setitemitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+ \leftmarginii\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmarginii\labelsep
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+ \parsep=\parskip
+ \topsep=\z@
+ \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+% labels of description
+\def\descriptionlabel#1{\hspace\labelsep #1\hfil}
+% adjusted environment "description"
+% if an optional parameter (at the first two levels of lists)
+% is present, its width is considered to be the widest mark
+% throughout the current list.
+\def\description{\@ifnextchar[{\@describe}{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@
+ \itemindent-\leftmargin \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}}
+\let\enddescription\endlist
+%
+\def\describelabel#1{#1\hfil}
+\def\@describe[#1]{\relax\ifnum\@listdepth=0
+\setitemindent{#1}\else\ifnum\@listdepth=1
+\setitemitemindent{#1}\fi\fi
+\list{--}{\let\makelabel\describelabel}}
+%
+\newdimen\logodepth
+\logodepth=2.2cm
+\newdimen\headerboxheight
+\headerboxheight=180pt % 18 10.5dd-lines - 2\baselineskip
+\newdimen\betweenumberspace % dimension for space between
+\betweenumberspace=3.33pt % number and text of titles.
+\newdimen\aftertext % dimension for space after
+\aftertext=5pt % text of title.
+\newdimen\headlineindent % dimension for space between
+\headlineindent=1.166cm % number and text of headings.
+\def\andname{and}
+\if@mathematic
+ \def\runinend{\enspace}
+ \def\floatcounterend{\enspace}
+ \def\sectcounterend{}
+\else
+ \def\runinend{.}
+ \def\floatcounterend{.\ }
+ \def\sectcounterend{.}
+\fi
+\def\keywordname{{\bfseries Key words\runinend}}
+\def\lastandname{, and}
+\def\mailname{{\itshape Correspondence to\/}:}
+\def\email#1{{e-mail: \tt#1}}
+\def\keywords#1{\par\addvspace\baselineskip\noindent\keywordname\enspace
+\ignorespaces#1}
+%
+\newcounter{inst}
+\newcounter{auth}
+\def\authdepth{2}
+\newdimen\instindent
+\newbox\authrun
+\newtoks\authorrunning
+\newbox\titrun
+\newtoks\titlerunning
+\def\authorfont{\bfseries}
+
+\def\combirunning#1{\gdef\@combi{#1}}
+\def\@combi{}
+\newbox\combirun
+%
+\def\ps@last{\def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\hfil
+\lastevenhead}}
+\newcounter{lastpage}
+\def\islastpageeven{\@ifundefined{lastpagenumber}
+{\setcounter{lastpage}{0}}{\setcounter{lastpage}{\lastpagenumber}}
+\ifnum\value{lastpage}>0
+ \ifodd\value{lastpage}%
+ \else
+ \if@smartrunh
+ \thispagestyle{last}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+\fi}
+\def\getlastpagenumber{\clearpage
+\addtocounter{page}{-1}%
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\gdef\string\lastpagenumber{\thepage}}%
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\newlabel{LastPage}{{}{\thepage}}}%
+ \addtocounter{page}{1}}
+
+\def\journalname#1{\gdef\@journalname{#1}}
+
+\def\dedication#1{\gdef\@dedic{#1}}
+\def\@dedic{}
+
+\let\@date\undefined
+
+\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}
+
+\def\institutename{\par
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \parskip=0pt
+ \setcounter{inst}{1}%
+ \def\and{\par\stepcounter{inst}%
+ \if@instindent\hangindent\instindent\fi
+ \noindent
+ \hbox to\instindent{\hss\smash{$^{\theinst}$}\enspace}\ignorespaces}%
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}
+ \ifnum\value{inst}>9\relax\setbox0=\hbox{$^{88}$\enspace}%
+ \else\setbox0=\hbox{$^{8}$\enspace}\fi
+ \instindent=\wd0\relax
+ \ifnum\value{inst}=1\relax
+ \else
+ \setcounter{inst}{1}%
+ \if@instindent\hangindent\instindent\fi
+ \noindent
+ \hbox to\instindent{\hss\smash{$^{\theinst}$}\enspace}\ignorespaces
+ \fi
+ \small
+ \ignorespaces
+ \@institute\par
+ \endgroup}
+
+\def\offprints#1{\begingroup
+\def\protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}\xdef\@thanks{\@thanks
+\protect\footnotetext[0]{\unskip\hskip-15pt{\itshape Send offprint requests
+to\/}: \ignorespaces#1}}\endgroup\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\mail#1{\gdef\@mail{#1}}
+\def\@mail{}
+
+\def\@thanks{}
+
+\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or{\star\star\star}%
+ \or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
+ \mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
+ \or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi\relax}
+
+\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$}
+\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$}
+
+\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
+\def\@subtitle{}
+
+\def\headnote#1{\gdef\@headnote{#1}}
+\def\@headnote{}
+
+\def\ch@ckobl#1#2{\@ifundefined{@#1}
+ {\typeout{SVJour warning: Missing
+\expandafter\string\csname#1\endcsname}%
+ \csname #1\endcsname{#2}}
+ {}}
+%
+\def\ProcessRunnHead{%
+ \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
+ \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
+ \instindent=\textwidth
+ \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
+ \if!\the\titlerunning!\else
+ \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
+ \fi
+ \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces\@title
+ \unskip}%
+ \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
+ \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: Title too long for running head.}%
+ \typeout{Please supply a shorter form with \string\titlerunning
+ \space prior to \string\maketitle}%
+ \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily
+ Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
+ \fi
+ \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
+%
+ \if!\the\authorrunning!
+ \else
+ \setcounter{auth}{1}%
+ \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
+ \fi
+ \ifnum\value{auth}>\authdepth
+ \def\stripauthor##1\and##2\endauthor{%
+ \protected@xdef\@author{##1\unskip\unskip\if!##2!\else\ et al.\fi}}%
+ \expandafter\stripauthor\@author\and\endauthor
+ \else
+ \gdef\and{\unskip, \ignorespaces}%
+ {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
+ \protected@xdef\@author{\@author}}
+ \fi
+ \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces
+ \@author\unskip}%
+ \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
+ \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: Author name(s) too long for running head.
+ ^^JPlease supply a shorter form with \string\authorrunning
+ \space prior to \string\maketitle}%
+ \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily Please give a shorter version
+ with: {\tt\string\authorrunning\space and
+ \string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}}%
+ \fi
+ \xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}%
+ \markboth{\@author}{\@title}%
+}
+%
+\def\maketitle{\par
+\ch@ckobl{journalname}{Noname}
+\ch@ckobl{date}{The date of receipt and acceptance will be inserted by
+the editor}
+\ch@ckobl{title}{A title should be given}
+\ch@ckobl{author}{Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) should be given}
+\ch@ckobl{institute}{Address(es) of author(s) should be given}
+\begingroup
+%
+ \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+ \def\@makefnmark{$^{\@thefnmark}$}%
+%
+ \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{inst}=2\relax
+ \unskip{} \andname\
+ \else
+ \unskip, \andname\
+ \fi}%
+ \def\and{\stepcounter{auth}\relax
+ \if@smartand
+ \ifnum\value{auth}=\value{inst}%
+ \lastand
+ \else
+ \unskip,
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \unskip,
+ \fi}%
+ \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
+ \@maketitle
+ \else
+ \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
+ \fi
+ \thispagestyle{empty}
+ \global\@topnum\z@
+ \@thanks
+ \if!\@mail!\else
+ \footnotetext[0]{\kern-\bibindent\mailname\
+ \ignorespaces\@mail}%
+ \fi
+%
+ \if@runhead
+ \ProcessRunnHead
+ \if@smartrunh
+ \instindent=\textwidth
+ \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
+ \if!\@combi!%
+ \global\setbox\combirun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces
+ \@author\unskip: \@title\unskip}%
+ \def\@tempa{Automatically generated running head}%
+ \else
+ \global\setbox\combirun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces
+ \@combi\unskip}%
+ \def\@tempa{With \string\combirunning\space supplied running head}%
+ \fi
+ \ifdim\wd\combirun>\instindent
+ \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: \@tempa}%
+ \typeout{for a possible last even numbered page is too long.}%
+ \typeout{Please supply a shorter form with \string\combirunning
+ \space prior to \string\maketitle.}%
+ \global\setbox\combirun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily
+ Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length --
+ supply \ttfamily\char92combirunning}%
+ \fi
+ \xdef\lastevenhead{\copy\combirun}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+%
+ \endgroup
+ \setcounter{footnote}{0}
+ \global\let\thanks\relax
+ \global\let\maketitle\relax
+ \global\let\@maketitle\relax
+ \global\let\@thanks\@empty
+ \global\let\@author\@empty
+ \global\let\@date\@empty
+ \global\let\@title\@empty
+ \global\let\@subtitle\@empty
+ \global\let\title\relax
+ \global\let\author\relax
+ \global\let\date\relax
+ \global\let\and\relax}
+
+\def\makeheadbox{{%
+\hbox to0pt{\vbox{\baselineskip=10dd\hrule\hbox
+to\hsize{\vrule\kern3pt\vbox{\kern3pt
+\hbox{\bfseries\@journalname\ manuscript No.}
+\hbox{(will be inserted by the editor)}
+\kern3pt}\hfil\kern3pt\vrule}\hrule}%
+\hss}}}
+
+\def\@maketitle{\newpage
+ \normalfont
+ \vbox to0pt{\vskip-40pt
+ \nointerlineskip
+ \makeheadbox\vss}\nointerlineskip
+ \setbox\authrun=\vbox\bgroup
+ {\Large \bfseries\boldmath
+ \hrule\@height\logodepth\@width\z@
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \rightskip=0pt plus 4cm
+ \if!\@headnote!\else
+ \noindent
+ {\normalfont\em\ignorespaces\@headnote\par}\vskip 3.5mm
+ \fi
+ \noindent\ignorespaces
+ \@title \par}\vskip 11.24pt\relax
+ \if!\@subtitle!\else
+ {\large\bfseries\boldmath
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \rightskip=0pt plus 3cm
+ \noindent\ignorespaces\@subtitle \par}\vskip 11.24pt
+ \fi
+ \normalfont\authorfont
+ \lineskip .5em
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{auth} }%
+ \hfuzz=2\textwidth\def\thanks##1{}\@author}%
+ \value{inst}=\value{auth}%
+ \setcounter{auth}{1}%
+ \rightskip=0pt plus 2cm
+ \noindent\ignorespaces\@author\vskip7.23pt
+ \rightskip=0pt\relax
+ \normalfont\small\rmfamily
+ \institutename
+ \vskip 12.85pt \noindent\@date
+ \if!\@dedic!\else
+ \par
+ \small\itshape
+ \addvspace\baselineskip
+ \noindent\@dedic
+ \fi
+ \egroup % end of header box
+ \@tempdima=\headerboxheight
+ \advance\@tempdima by-\ht\authrun
+ \ifdim\@tempdima>0pt
+ \vrule width0pt height\@tempdima
+ \fi
+ \unvbox\authrun
+ \global\@minipagetrue
+ \global\everypar{\global\@minipagefalse\global\everypar{}}
+ \vskip22.47pt
+}
+%
+\if@mathematic
+ \def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice
+ {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+ {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+ {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+ {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}}}
+\else
+ \def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice
+ {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}}
+ {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}}
+ {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}
+ {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}}
+\fi
+%
+\def\tens#1{\ensuremath{\mathsf{#1}}}
+%
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\newcounter {section}
+\newcounter {subsection}[section]
+\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
+\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
+\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
+\renewcommand\thesection {\@arabic\c@section}
+\renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
+\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
+\renewcommand\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\@arabic\c@paragraph}
+\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\@arabic\c@subparagraph}
+%
+\def\@hangfrom#1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1}%
+ \hangindent \z@\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
+
+\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\sectcounterend
+\hskip\betweenumberspace}
+
+\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
+ \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+ \let\@svsec\@empty
+ \else
+ \refstepcounter{#1}%
+ \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
+ \fi
+ \@tempskipa #5\relax
+ \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+ \begingroup
+ #6{%
+ \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
+ \raggedright
+ \hyphenpenalty \@M%
+ \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
+ \endgroup
+ \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+ \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+ \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+ \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname\sectcounterend}%
+ \fi
+ #7}%
+ \else
+ \def\@svsechd{%
+ #6{\hskip #3\relax
+ \@svsec #8\hskip\aftertext}%
+ \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+ \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+ \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+ \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+ \fi
+ #7}}%
+ \fi
+ \@xsect{#5}}
+
+%
+% measures and setting of sections
+%
+\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
+ {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt
+ minus4pt}{\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
+\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+ {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt
+ minus4pt}{\normalsize\itshape}}
+\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+ {-13dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{-5.5pt}{\normalsize\itshape}}
+\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+ {-13pt plus-4pt minus-4pt}{-5.5pt}{\normalsize\itshape}}
+
+\setlength\leftmargini {\parindent}
+\leftmargin \leftmargini
+\setlength\leftmarginii {\parindent}
+\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.87em}
+\setlength\leftmarginiv {1.7em}
+\setlength\leftmarginv {.5em}
+\setlength\leftmarginvi {.5em}
+\setlength \labelsep {.5em}
+\setlength \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
+\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
+\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@itempenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\renewcommand\theenumi{\@arabic\c@enumi}
+\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}
+\renewcommand\theenumiii{\@roman\c@enumiii}
+\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@Alph\c@enumiv}
+\newcommand\labelenumi{\theenumi.}
+\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
+\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
+\newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
+\renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi}
+\renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
+\renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
+\newcommand\labelitemi{\normalfont\bfseries --}
+\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}
+\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\bullet$}
+\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}
+
+\if@spthms
+% definition of the "\spnewtheorem" command.
+%
+% Usage:
+%
+% \spnewtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font}
+% or \spnewtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
+% or \spnewtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
+%
+% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for
+% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself.
+%
+% "\spnewtheorem*" gives a theorem without number.
+%
+% A defined spnewthoerem environment is used as described
+% by Lamport.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\@thmcountersep{}
+\def\@thmcounterend{}
+\newdimen\spthmsep \spthmsep=3pt
+
+\def\spnewtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}}
+
+% definition of \spnewtheorem with number
+
+\def\@spnthm#1#2{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@spothm{#1}}{\@spnthm{#1}}}
+
+\def\@spxnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand
+ \csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@spynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\@definecounter{#1}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@spothm#1[#2]#3#4#5{%
+ \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2' defined}\@eha}%
+ {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}}
+
+\def\@spthm#1#2#3#4{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+\labelsep=\spthmsep\refstepcounter{#1}%
+\@ifnextchar[{\@spythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@spxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}
+
+\def\@spxthm#1#2#3#4{\@spbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}%
+ \ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@spythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@spopargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname
+ the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@spbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1\ #2\@thmcounterend}]#4}
+
+\def\@spopargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4#5{\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{#4#1\ #2}]{#4(#3)\@thmcounterend\ }#5}
+
+% definition of \spnewtheorem* without number
+
+\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}}
+
+\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
+
+\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1}
+ {#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]}
+
+\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1}]{#3(#2)\@thmcounterend\ }}
+
+\if@envcntsect
+ \def\@thmcountersep{.}
+ \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\else
+ \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+ \if@envcntreset
+ \@addtoreset{theorem}{section}
+ \else
+ \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter}
+ \fi
+\fi
+
+%definition of divers theorem environments
+\spnewtheorem*{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spnewtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\if@envcntsame % alle Umgebungen wie Theorem.
+ \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spothm{#1}[theorem]{#2}{#3}{#4}}
+\else % alle Umgebungen mit eigenem Zaehler
+ \if@envcntsect % mit section numeriert
+ \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}[section]{#3}{#4}}
+ \else % nicht mit section numeriert
+ \if@envcntreset
+ \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
+ \@addtoreset{#1}{section}}
+ \else
+ \let\spn@wtheorem=\@spynthm
+ \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+\spn@wtheorem{case}{Case}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{definition}{Definition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{example}{Example}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{note}{Note}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{problem}{Problem}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{property}{Property}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{question}{Question}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{solution}{Solution}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{remark}{Remark}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+%
+\newenvironment{theopargself}
+ {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4##3\@thmcounterend\ }##5}
+ \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{##3##2\@thmcounterend\ }}}{}
+\newenvironment{theopargself*}
+ {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##4##3\@thmcounterend}##5}
+ \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##3##2\@thmcounterend}}}{}
+\fi
+
+\def\@takefromreset#1#2{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}%
+ \let\@tempd\@elt
+ \def\@elt##1{%
+ \def\@tempb{##1}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else
+ \@addtoreset{##1}{#2}%
+ \fi}%
+ \expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname cl@#2\endcsname
+ \expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}%
+ \@tempc
+ \let\@elt\@tempd}
+
+\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
+\def\qed{\ifmmode\else\unskip\quad\fi\squareforqed}
+\def\smartqed{\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil
+\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed
+\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}}
+
+% Define `abstract' environment
+\def\abstract{\topsep=0pt\partopsep=0pt\parsep=0pt\itemsep=0pt\relax
+\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep
+{\bfseries\abstractname}]\if!\abstractname!\hskip-\labelsep\fi}
+\if@twocolumn
+ \def\endabstract{\endtrivlist\addvspace{5mm}\strich}
+ \def\strich{\hrule\vskip3ptplus12pt\null}
+\else
+ \def\endabstract{\endtrivlist\addvspace{3mm}}
+\fi
+%
+\newenvironment{verse}
+ {\let\\\@centercr
+ \list{}{\itemsep \z@
+ \itemindent -1.5em%
+ \listparindent\itemindent
+ \rightmargin \leftmargin
+ \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
+ \item\relax}
+ {\endlist}
+\newenvironment{quotation}
+ {\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
+ \itemindent \listparindent
+ \rightmargin \leftmargin
+ \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+ \item\relax}
+ {\endlist}
+\newenvironment{quote}
+ {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
+ \item\relax}
+ {\endlist}
+\newcommand\appendix{\par
+ \setcounter{section}{0}%
+ \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
+ \renewcommand\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}}
+\setlength\arraycolsep{1.5\p@}
+\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
+\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
+\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
+\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
+\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
+\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
+\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
+\renewcommand\theequation{\@arabic\c@equation}
+\newcounter{figure}
+\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
+\def\fps@figure{tbp}
+\def\ftype@figure{1}
+\def\ext@figure{lof}
+\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
+\newenvironment{figure}
+ {\@float{figure}}
+ {\end@float}
+\newenvironment{figure*}
+ {\@dblfloat{figure}}
+ {\end@dblfloat}
+\newcounter{table}
+\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
+\def\fps@table{tbp}
+\def\ftype@table{2}
+\def\ext@table{lot}
+\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
+\newenvironment{table}
+ {\@float{table}}
+ {\end@float}
+\newenvironment{table*}
+ {\@dblfloat{table}}
+ {\end@dblfloat}
+
+\def \@floatboxreset {%
+ \reset@font
+ \small
+ \@setnobreak
+ \@setminipage
+}
+
+\newlength\abovecaptionskip
+\newlength\belowcaptionskip
+\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
+\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
+\newcommand\leftlegendglue{}
+
+\def\fig@type{figure}
+
+\newdimen\figcapgap\figcapgap=3pt
+\newdimen\tabcapgap\tabcapgap=5.5pt
+
+\@ifundefined{floatlegendstyle}{\def\floatlegendstyle{\bfseries}}{}
+
+\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
+ ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+ the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+ \@parboxrestore
+ \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+ \endgroup}
+
+\def\capstrut{\vrule\@width\z@\@height\topskip}
+
+\@ifundefined{captionstyle}{\def\captionstyle{\normalfont\small}}{}
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+ \captionstyle
+ \ifx\@captype\fig@type
+ \vskip\figcapgap
+ \fi
+ \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}%
+ \capstrut #2}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+ {\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}\capstrut #2\par
+ \else
+ \hbox to\hsize{\leftlegendglue\unhbox\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\@captype\fig@type\else
+ \vskip\tabcapgap
+ \fi}
+
+\newdimen\figgap\figgap=1cc
+\long\def\@makesidecaption#1#2{%
+ \parbox[b]{\@tempdima}{\captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
+ #1\floatcounterend}#2}}
+\def\sidecaption#1\caption{%
+\setbox\@tempboxa=\hbox{#1\unskip}%
+\if@twocolumn
+ \ifdim\hsize<\textwidth\else
+ \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa<\columnwidth
+ \typeout{Double column float fits into single column -
+ ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+\@tempdima=\hsize
+\advance\@tempdima by-\figgap
+\advance\@tempdima by-\wd\@tempboxa
+\ifdim\@tempdima<3cm
+ \typeout{\string\sidecaption: No sufficient room for the legend;
+ using normal \string\caption. }%
+ \unhbox\@tempboxa
+ \let\@capcommand=\@caption
+\else
+ \let\@capcommand=\@sidecaption
+ \leavevmode
+ \unhbox\@tempboxa
+ \hfill
+\fi
+\refstepcounter\@captype
+\@dblarg{\@capcommand\@captype}}
+
+\long\def\@sidecaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+ ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+ the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+ \@parboxrestore
+ \@makesidecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+ \endgroup}
+
+% Define `acknowledgement' environment
+\def\acknowledgement{\par\addvspace{17pt}\small\rmfamily
+\trivlist\if!\ackname!\item[]\else
+\item[\hskip\labelsep
+{\it\ackname}]\fi}
+\def\endacknowledgement{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6pt}}
+% Define `noteadd' environment
+\def\noteadd{\par\addvspace{17pt}\small\rmfamily
+\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep
+{\itshape\noteaddname}]}
+\def\endnoteadd{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6pt}}
+
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}
+\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
+\newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em}
+\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}
+\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
+ \section*{\contentsname}%
+ \@starttoc{toc}%
+ \addtocontents{toc}{\begingroup\protect\small}%
+ \AtEndDocument{\addtocontents{toc}{\endgroup}}%
+ }
+\newcommand*\l@part[2]{%
+ \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
+ \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+ \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
+ \begingroup
+ \setlength\@tempdima{3em}%
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+ \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+ {\leavevmode
+ \large \bfseries #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
+ \nobreak
+ \if@compatibility
+ \global\@nobreaktrue
+ \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
+ \fi
+ \endgroup
+ \fi}
+\newcommand*\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{0pt}{1.5em}}
+\newcommand*\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+\newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
+\newcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
+\newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
+\newcommand\listoffigures{%
+ \section*{\listfigurename
+ \@mkboth{\listfigurename}%
+ {\listfigurename}}%
+ \@starttoc{lof}%
+ }
+\newcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+\newcommand\listoftables{%
+ \section*{\listtablename
+ \@mkboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}%
+ \@starttoc{lot}%
+ }
+\let\l@table\l@figure
+\newdimen\bibindent
+\setlength\bibindent{\parindent}
+\def\@biblabel#1{#1.}
+\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw
+ {\let\protect\noexpand
+ \immediate
+ \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
+ {\section*{\refname
+ \@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}}\small
+ \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+ {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+ \leftmargin\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+ \@openbib@code
+ \usecounter{enumiv}%
+ \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+ \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+ \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
+ \sfcode`\.\@m}
+ {\def\@noitemerr
+ {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+ \endlist}
+%
+\newcount\@tempcntc
+\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
+ \@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
+ {\@ifundefined
+ {b@\@citeb}{\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea\def\@citea{,}{\bfseries
+ ?}\@warning
+ {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+ {\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\relax}%
+ \ifnum\@tempcntc=\z@ \@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne
+ \@citea\def\@citea{,\hskip0.1em\ignorespaces}\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
+ \else
+ \advance\@tempcntb\@ne
+ \ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc
+ \else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo
+ \@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc\fi\fi}}\@citeo}{#1}}
+\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb\else
+ \@citea\def\@citea{,\hskip0.1em\ignorespaces}%
+ \ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb\the\@tempcnta\else
+ {\advance\@tempcnta\@ne\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb \else \def\@citea{--}\fi
+ \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne\the\@tempcnta\@citea\the\@tempcntb}\fi\fi}
+%
+\newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
+\let\@openbib@code\@empty
+\newenvironment{theindex}
+ {\if@twocolumn
+ \@restonecolfalse
+ \else
+ \@restonecoltrue
+ \fi
+ \columnseprule \z@
+ \columnsep 35\p@
+ \twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]%
+ \@mkboth{\indexname}{\indexname}%
+ \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
+ \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+ \let\item\@idxitem}
+ {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
+\newcommand\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}
+\newcommand\subitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{20\p@}}
+\newcommand\subsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{30\p@}}
+\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
+\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
+ \kern-3\p@
+ \hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
+ \kern2.6\p@}
+\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+ \noindent
+ \hb@xt@\bibindent{\hss\@makefnmark\enspace}#1}
+%
+\newcommand\contentsname{Contents}
+\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}
+\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}
+\newcommand\refname{References}
+\newcommand\indexname{Index}
+\newcommand\figurename{Fig.}
+\newcommand\tablename{Table}
+\newcommand\partname{Part}
+\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
+\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract\runinend}
+\newcommand\ackname{Acknowledgements\runinend}
+\newcommand\noteaddname{Note added in proof}
+% French section
+\def\ds@francais{%
+ \typeout{On parle francais.}%
+ \def\abstractname{R\'esum\'e\runinend}%
+ \def\ackname{Remerciements\runinend}%
+ \def\andname{et}%
+ \def\lastandname{ et}%
+ \def\appendixname{Appendice}
+ \def\chaptername{Chapitre}%
+ \def\claimname{Pr\'etention}%
+ \def\conjecturename{Hypoth\`ese}%
+ \def\contentsname{Table des mati\`eres}%
+ \def\corollaryname{Corollaire}%
+ \def\definitionname{D\'efinition}%
+ \def\examplename{Exemple}%
+ \def\exercisename{Exercice}%
+ \def\figurename{Fig.}%
+ \def\keywordname{{\bfseries Mots-cl\'e\runinend}}
+ \def\indexname{Index}
+ \def\lemmaname{Lemme}%
+ \def\contriblistname{Liste des contributeurs}
+ \def\listfigurename{Liste des figures}%
+ \def\listtablename{Liste des tables}%
+ \def\mailname{{\itshape Correspondence to\/}:}
+ \def\noteaddname{Note ajout\'ee \`a l'\'epreuve}%
+ \def\notename{Remarque}%
+ \def\partname{Partie}%
+ \def\problemname{Probl\`eme}%
+ \def\proofname{\'Epreuve}%
+ \def\propertyname{Caract\'eristique}%
+%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+ \def\questionname{Question}%
+%\def\refname{References}%
+ \def\remarkname{Remarque}%
+ \def\seename{voyez}
+ \def\solutionname{Solution}%
+%\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}
+ \def\tablename{Tableau}%
+ \def\theoremname{Th\'eor\`eme}%
+}
+%
+% German section
+\def\ds@deutsch{\typeout{Man spricht deutsch.}%
+ \def\abstractname{Zusammenfassung\runinend}%
+ \def\ackname{Danksagung\runinend}%
+ \def\andname{und}%
+ \def\lastandname{ und}%
+ \def\appendixname{Anhang}%
+ \def\chaptername{Kapitel}%
+ \def\claimname{Behauptung}%
+ \def\conjecturename{Hypothese}%
+ \def\contentsname{Inhaltsverzeichnis}%
+ \def\corollaryname{Korollar}%
+%\def\definitionname{Definition}%
+ \def\examplename{Beispiel}%
+ \def\exercisename{\"Ubung}%
+ \def\figurename{Abb.}%
+ \def\keywordname{{\bfseries Schl\"usselw\"orter\runinend}}
+ \def\indexname{Index}
+%\def\lemmaname{Lemma}%
+ \def\contriblistname{Mitarbeiter}
+ \def\listfigurename{Abbildungsverzeichnis}%
+ \def\listtablename{Tabellenverzeichnis}%
+ \def\mailname{{\itshape Correspondence to\/}:}
+ \def\noteaddname{Nachtrag}%
+ \def\notename{Anmerkung}%
+ \def\partname{Teil}%
+%\def\problemname{Problem}%
+ \def\proofname{Beweis}%
+ \def\propertyname{Eigenschaft}%
+%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+ \def\questionname{Frage}%
+ \def\refname{Literatur}%
+ \def\remarkname{Anmerkung}%
+ \def\seename{siehe}
+ \def\solutionname{L\"osung}%
+%\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}
+ \def\tablename{Tabelle}%
+%\def\theoremname{Theorem}%
+}
+\AtBeginDocument{\switch@texts}
+\newcommand\today{}
+\edef\today{\ifcase\month\or
+ January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+ July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+ \space\number\day, \number\year}
+\setlength\columnsep{1.5cc}
+\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
+%
+\frenchspacing
+\clubpenalty=10000
+\widowpenalty=10000
+\def\thisbottomragged{\def\@textbottom{\vskip\z@ plus.0001fil
+\global\let\@textbottom\relax}}
+\pagestyle{headings}
+\pagenumbering{arabic}
+\if@twocolumn
+ \twocolumn
+\fi
+\if@referee
+ \makereferee
+\fi
+\flushbottom
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `svjour.cls'.
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/template.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/template.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5337ae1638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/template.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% file template.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% This is a template file for Annales Geophysicae
+%
+% Copy it to a new file with a new name and use it as the basis
+% for your article
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer-Verlag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+\begin{filecontents}{leer.eps}
+%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:51:17 1992
+%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
+%%Pages: 0 1
+%%BoundingBox: 72 31 601 342
+%%EndComments
+
+gsave
+72 31 moveto
+72 342 lineto
+601 342 lineto
+601 31 lineto
+72 31 lineto
+showpage
+grestore
+%%Trailer
+%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica
+\end{filecontents}
+%
+\documentclass[agp]{svjour}
+%
+% Remove any % below to load the required packages
+%\usepackage{latexsym}
+\usepackage{times}
+%\usepackage{mathtimes}
+\usepackage{graphics}
+% etc
+%
+\begin{document}
+%
+\title{Insert your title here}
+\subtitle{Do you have a subtitle?} % Insert a subtitle or remove this line
+\author{First author\inst{1} \and Second author\inst{2}% etc
+% \thanks is optional - remove next line if not needed
+\thanks{\emph{Present address:} Insert the address here if needed}%
+} % Do not remove
+%
+\offprints{} % Insert a name or remove this line
+%
+\institute{Insert the first address here \and the second here}
+%
+\date{Received: date / Revised version: date}
+% The correct dates will be entered by Springer
+%
+\abstract{
+Insert your abstract here.
+%
+\keywords{Finite elements, Detonation, Safety}} %end of abstract
+%
+\maketitle
+%
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{intro}
+Your text comes here. Separate text sections with
+\section{Section title}
+\label{sec:1}
+and \citet{RefJ}
+\subsection{Subsection title}
+\label{sec:2}
+as required. Don't forget to give each section
+and subsection a unique label (see Sect.~\ref{sec:1}).
+%
+% For one-column wide figures use
+\begin{figure}
+% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program
+% to insert the figure file.
+% For example, with the option graphics use
+\resizebox{0.75\textwidth}{!}{%
+ \includegraphics{leer.eps}
+}
+% If not, use
+%\vspace{5cm} % Give the correct figure height in cm
+\caption{Please write your figure caption here}
+\label{fig:1} % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+%
+% For two-column wide figures use
+\begin{figure*}
+% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program
+% to insert the figure file. See example above.
+% If not, use
+\vspace*{5cm} % Give the correct figure height in cm
+\caption{Please write your figure caption here}
+\label{fig:2} % Give a unique label
+\end{figure*}
+%
+% For tables use
+\begin{table}
+\caption{Please write your table caption here}
+\label{tab:1} % Give a unique label
+% For LaTeX tables use
+\begin{tabular}{lll}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+first & second & third \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+number & number & number \\
+number & number & number \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
+\end{tabular}
+% Or use
+\vspace*{5cm} % with the correct table height
+\end{table}
+%
+% BibTeX users please use
+% \bibliographystyle{}
+% \bibliography{}
+%
+% Non-BibTeX users please use
+\begin{thebibliography}{}
+%
+% and use \bibitem to create references.
+%
+\bibitem[Author(year)]{RefJ}
+% Format for Journal Reference
+\textbf{Author}, Journal \textbf{Volume}, (year) page numbers.
+% Format for books
+\bibitem[Author(year)]{RefB}
+\textbf{Author}, \textit{Book title} (Publisher, place year) page numbers
+% etc
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+
+\end{document}
+
+% end of file template.tex
+
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/usrguide.dvi b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/agp/usrguide.dvi
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