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+From: rick@cs.arizona.edu (Rick Schlichting)
+Newsgroups: comp.research.japan,soc.culture.taiwan
+Subject: Kahaner Report: Computing in Taiwan
+Date: 19 Jan 91 03:20:09 GMT
+Followup-To: comp.research.japan
+
+
+ [Dr. David Kahaner is a numerical analyst visiting Japan for two-years
+ under the auspices of the Office of Naval Research-Asia (ONR/Asia).
+ The following is the professional opinion of David Kahaner and in no
+ way has the blessing of the US Government or any agency of it. All
+ information is dated and of limited life time. This disclaimer should
+ be noted on ANY attribution.]
+
+ [Copies of previous reports written by Kahaner can be obtained from
+ host cs.arizona.edu using anonymous FTP.]
+
+To: Distribution
+From: David K. Kahaner ONR Asia [kahaner@xroads.cc.u-tokyo.ac.jp]
+Re: Int Comp Symp & 1st WS on Parallel Proc (Nat Tsing Hua Univ, Taiwan),
+ Institute of Information Industry (Taipei), 17-21 Dec 1990.
+17 Jan 1991
+
+ABSTRACT. Two meetings at National Tsing Hua University (Taiwan),
+ International Computer Symposium, and the First Workshop on Parallel
+ Processing, as well as a visit to the Institute for Information
+ Industry, (Taipei) are described. 17-21 Dec 1990.
+
+SIGNIFICANT ITEMS IN THIS REPORT.----------------------------------------
+ Most interesting papers were from the West, computer related
+ research in Taiwan seems much more theoretical than practical.
+ Best paper, about optimal mapping of mesh onto hypercube (from U.
+ Hong Kong), had some ONR support.
+ Numerical computation papers almost nonexistent.
+ NEC's VP Watanabe describes his vision of Science, Technology,
+ Industry as inseparable and claims that supercomputer technology
+ will be used in NEC's mainframe machines.
+ A National Supercomputer Center has just been established.
+ Taiwanese industry is moving away from PC's.
+ Government has various plans for computer growth and research,
+ including Hsinchu Science Park, Institute for Information Industry,
+ and special manufacturing focuses.
+
+OVERVIEW.----------------------------------------------------------------
+ The International Computer Symposium, essentially Taiwan's
+Information Processing Society meeting, was held for three days 17-19
+Dec 1990, at the National Tsing Hua University, in Hsinchu, about 70km
+south of Taipei. All presentations and papers were given in English.
+There were approximately 400 participants; about 160 papers were
+presented out of almost 400 submitted. This was immediately followed by
+a two day Workshop on Parallel Processing, at which all the
+presentations were in Chinese. The Workshop had over 200 participants.
+Both meetings have printed Proceedings in English. A title and author
+list is attached to this report. I have one copy of the Proceedings and
+will send copies of papers to requestors if I have the time. Additional
+copies can be obtained by writing
+ Department of Computer Science
+ National Tsing Hua University
+ Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China.
+After the meetings I spent one day in Taipei, at the Institute for
+Information Industry.
+
+ There were only two or three Western scientists in attendance at
+the International Symposium and none at the Parallel Processing Workshop.
+Most of the participants from outside Taiwan were Taiwanese from the US,
+or Japanese, or other Chinese speaking scientists from Hong Kong or
+Singapore. I saw no evidence of attendees from mainland China, Korea, or
+other Pacific Rim countries. Generally the best papers were from outside
+Taiwan, although most of these were by Taiwan-born scientists now living
+in the West. I did not see much evidence that these scientists are moving
+back to Taiwan into senior positions. My general impression, confirmed
+by most of the Chinese speaking attendees, and by all the non-Taiwanese,
+is that Taiwanese computer research activities are heavily theoretical.
+This reflects the fact that presently, there are few practical parallel
+processing projects in the country. (I was told that there are a few
+computer systems oriented, experimental research projects in Taiwan, but
+that they are behind in all practical areas, not just in practical
+parallel processing. I did not get to see any of these.) In that sense
+Taiwanese research is behind Korea, where a reasonable amount of
+catch-up research is in progress. However, a few theoretical papers were
+very good, although the best was by two Hong Kong computer scientists on
+mapping of a two dimensional mesh efficiently onto a hypercube. A
+handful of numerical computation papers were presented, but this seems a
+particularly weak area.
+
+
+TAIWAN-GENERAL BACKGROUND.-----------------------------------------------
+About two hours flying time south west of Tokyo, Taiwan straddles the
+Tropic of Cancer (as does Hawaii). It has about 2.5% of the land mass
+of mainland China, and a roughly proportionate population (20million).
+The country is densely populated and rugged, with only one third arable
+land and more than 60 over-3000-meter peaks . Taiwan is the original
+name of the island; Formosa was a Portuguese word meaning beautiful
+island, used until recent years. The present government considers Taiwan
+part of China (hence ROC=Republic of China) although many of the
+scientists I spoke to did not share that view. Restrictions on Taiwanese
+trips to the mainland have been reduced in the past few years and several
+hundred thousand have visited. The present Taiwanese government still
+has many tough sounding laws developed in an era when relations between
+them and the mainland were very tense, although I was told these are
+being relaxed. Nevertheless there is plenty of controversy; on TV I was
+astonished to see a free-for-all fist fight in the "parliament".
+Political issues (of which I have no knowledge) aside, if Taiwan and
+mainland China can resolve their differences, China will be a huge
+natural market for Taiwanese products and expertise.
+
+Taipei, the capital, has about 2.5 million people. It is choked with
+traffic and heavily polluted. There is no metro although one is being
+built. This is surprising, as Taiwan's per capita income is over $8K,
+about 50% more than Korea's which has a substantial metro system in
+Seoul. (Viewing Seoul and Taipei, I was not able to distinguish
+differences in the income levels of these countries. My Korean friends
+tell me that the differences are noticable in the countryside.)
+Nevertheless it is easy to find one's way, as most streets are on a
+rectangular grid.
+
+Hsinchu, the site of both meetings is also the location of Taiwan's
+largest science based industrial park, established in 1988. There are
+already over 100 manufacturers, close to 20,000 people, and more than 100
+PhD's working in the Park. Unfortunately, as most of the computer-types
+were at these meetings there was no opportunity to visit any of their
+labs. This would be an important stop on any subsequent trip. Hsinchu is
+also the location of two major universities, National Tsing Hua (with
+about 4500 students and about 450 faculty), and National Chiao-Tung Univ.
+The model for growth here seems to be Tsukuba science city in Japan.
+
+COMPUTING IN TAIWAN.-----------------------------------------------------
+More than 5,000 companies (about 90,000 people) are engaged in either
+manufacturing computer related hardware, or exporting it out of Taiwan
+Taiwan makes about 60% of the world's PC mother boards. However, until
+very recently they did not make complete systems. This has now changed. I
+tried several perfectly reasonable all-Taiwanese PCs, including several
+386s. Some of these are beginning to be exported. I was told that Taiwan
+products now satisfy almost all internal PC demand. However, many of
+the best use Japanese monitors. I was also told that in the near future
+there will be a Taiwanese Unix-based workstation, for internal use.
+Almost all systems larger than PCs had been imported until recently, and
+the government has identified that as a major area for growth. There
+are also some strange properties of the Taiwan market. For example,
+until very recently there were more Wang systems installed than IBM's.
+
+An important part of computer growth in Taiwan is associated with the
+ability to input Chinese characters. This is a significant research
+activity both here and on the mainland. (Japanese is spoken by many older
+Taiwanese, as a result of the Japanese occupation of Taiwan during the
+first third of this century.) There is also a good deal of manufacturing
+for Japanese products; my Sony Walkman has cables clearly marked "made
+in Taiwan". During this trip I only was able to talk to academic
+computer scientists, but was repeatedly told that the best Taiwanese
+technology is associated with manufacturing. Apparently this is true,
+industrial growth has averaged over 13% per year for more than 30 years,
+more than 50% of the country's GNP is now generated through exports, and
+Taiwan is the second largest holder of US dollars (after Japan).
+Computer industry growth has also been very good, the only items now
+growing are printers and terminals. By 1995 research expenditures are
+projected to be about 2% of GNP, and 0.2% of the population designated
+as "researcher". For research in the information and electronics
+industries, 3% of researchers have PhD, 48% have MS, and 40% have BS.
+
+There are many government sponsored programs; discussing these in detail
+would require a separate report. The National Supercomputer Center (see
+below), Sub-Micron Parts Laboratory, and the Hsinchu Science Park are
+among the most recent and interesting.
+
+The ROC government has various plans for making computers even more
+important in Taiwan's economy. Some are general, and other are quite
+specific. For example, they have identified 14 specific manufactured
+items that they want to promote. These are
+ - Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors
+ - Low-speed nonimpact printers
+ - Low-speed impact printers
+ - Medium speed printers
+ - Linear scanners
+ - Fixed (hard) disk drives
+ - Optical readers
+ - Chinese-English word processors
+ - Micro and minicomputer systems with Chinese operating systems
+ - Software for medium and small computers
+ - Modems
+ - Chinese language electrical typewriters
+ - Floppy disk drives
+ - Computer magnetic tapes
+
+An interesting area worth following is the Taiwanese development of
+systems larger than PCs. Already, with licenses from SUN, a workstation
+consortium has been developing a SPARC-compatible system. About two
+years ago an experimental 32-bit RISC multiprocessor machine (called
+MR-10), running UNIX, X-Windows, and suitable as a network file server,
+was introduced. This was done by the Industrial Technology Research
+Institute (ITRI) under the sponsorship of Ministry of Economic Affairs.
+I was told that the spinoffs from this project will be several special
+purpose machines, such as a database server, and more interestingly a
+vector processor, but I had no opportunity to learn about this in more
+detail. It seems that with possibly the exception of the
+SPARC-compatible workstations, all these projects are for acquiring
+basic computer technologies rather than for immediate commercial use.
+
+PAPERS OF INTEREST.------------------------------------------------------
+The International Computer Symposium was organized into one day of
+tutorials followed by two days of four or five parallel sessions, each
+containing an invited presentation, and three or four submitted papers.
+With one exception the tutorials were all by Chinese now working in the
+US, as were many of the invited papers. The Parallel Processing Workshop
+consisted of only one track, but as mentioned above, all the talks were
+given in Chinese. Some of these were by speakers from the Symposium,
+presenting some new results, but also several overview papers, such as
+the one by Fang (Convex) on automatic parallelization techniques, or by
+C. Hsiung (Cray) on how supercomputers are going to fit into future
+computing systems. I concentrated on papers from non-Western scientists
+on the theory that others' work is already fairly well known. Ultimately
+only three that were most interesting to me are reported on here. (At
+any meeting with parallel sessions it is easy to overlook outstanding
+papers.)
+
+PAPERS (OPTIMAL MESH TO HYPERCUBE MAPPING).------------------------------
+The best technical paper was by
+ Dr. M.Y.Chan
+ James Capel (Far East) Ltd
+ Hong Kong
+and
+ Prof. Francis Yuk-Lun Chin
+ Department of Computer Science
+ University of Hong Kong
+ Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
+ Tel: +852 859-2178, Fax +852 559-8447.
+ Email: CHIN@CSD.HKU.HK, or CHIN%CSD@HKUJNT.BITNET
+The problem the authors consider is extremely important. We are given a
+two dimensional mesh, and a hypercube computer. The mesh might come from
+a finite element calculation. A hypercube is a collection of individual
+computing processors (elements) that are connected in a very special way,
+so that the individual elements are thought of as at the vertices of a
+multi dimensional cube. A 3-hypercube contains 2**3 elements, a 5-
+hypercube contains 32 elements at the vertices of a 5-cube, etc.
+Hypercubes were the first commercially practical parallel computer; many
+systems are in use, and there is a tremendous amount of research on
+effective algorithms to take advantage of their structure. For a two
+dimensional finite element mesh it is natural to associate each mesh
+point with a processing element of the hypercube. But how, specifically,
+should this association be made? For example how should we associate 9 x
+3 grid with 27 elements in a 5-hypercube (32 elements). Of course, any
+association will work, but an efficient one will recognize that neighbors
+on the grid should correspond to neighboring processors in the hypercube.
+The reason is that the only way two hypercube processors can communicate
+is along the edges of the cube. For a 3-cube this can mean that a message
+might need to pass through two intermediate processors to get between
+sender and receiver (along three edges); a 5-hypercube may require
+passage along five edges.
+
+This problem had already been studied by the present authors, as well as
+others, and Chan had provided an algorithm for doing this in an optimal
+way, in the process proving that it was always possible to arrange the
+association so that adjacent neighbors on the grid are separated by at
+most one intermediate processor. But that algorithm for deciding how to do
+this is slow and suffers from some other difficulties. The current paper
+describes a parallel algorithm associating any two dimensional grid to
+its optimal hypercube. The size of the grid is broadcast to each node of
+the hypercube which can then determine in constant time which grid node
+it will associate with. Moreover each node can also determine the
+communication paths it will take to reach the nodes associated with grid
+neighbors. Further, each node will act as an intermediate node for at
+most two pairs of grid-neighbors, reducing potential congestion at
+intermediate processors. This is a very excellent theoretical result that
+has substantial practical implications. The authors claim that they can
+extend the method to three dimensional meshes. Part of this work was
+sponsored by an ONR grant while Chin was at U Texas, Dallas, making it
+even more satisfying for me to report about.
+
+PAPERS (NEC'S VP KEYNOTE SPEECH ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INDUSTRY).---
+The keynote speech of the Symposium was by
+ Hitoshi Watanabe
+ Vice President
+ NEC Corporation.
+Watanabe explained that he had invented NEC's first computer. This had 48
+bit floating point arithmetic and some parallel architecture, although
+his original design called for 64 bit floating point. He showed us a
+photo of a much younger man standing in front of a very large console
+which is now in NEC's museum; the console was the only part that would
+fit.
+
+The essence of his talk was his view that science (theory), technology
+(design), and industry must be an indivisible activity, what he called
+STI activity. He called STI a chain from fundamental research, applied
+research, development, production, to sales and marketing that must be
+balanced at each link, and that the mission of engineers is to consider
+all these parts at the same time. He went on to illustrate this by
+various examples. For instance in the 1910's theory consisted of Boolean
+algebra, Kirchoff's topological rules, etc., design was typified by
+research in loaded lines, and industry in electric power systems and
+telephony. He went on to illustrate the point during the 1920-1950's, and
+then 1960 to the present. He also showed "maps" of the information
+industry at various periods. Frankly I didn't get much out of these
+slides except that integration is here to stay. The slides were
+reproduced as part of the Symposium materials, but his lecture itself was
+not available in printed form, and many interesting details were given,
+rapid fire. Unfortunately Watanabe did not stay around long enough to
+allow me to corroborate my notes. The most sensible of these are given
+below.
+
+Watanabe described the workstation of the near future (2000) as having
+a 5.25" read/write video disk, a flat panel color display with 10 million
+pixel resolution, connected by optical fiber (by 2010 all fiber optic) to
+a broadband intelligent network. Communication will be by either ATM or
+STM. He said that executives don't like to use keyboards, so the
+workstation will a touch screen, mouse, or more sophisticated input. He
+showed an artist's sketch of a Japanese office with these workstations,
+screens neatly integrated into office furniture and a small server tucked
+away elsewhere. He emphasized flat panel technology repeatedly to
+display color and high definition television displays mounted on the
+wall, with scenes changed under computer control. (In the 1960's Richard
+Hamming made similar predictions but the technology had not been invented
+at the time.) Integration and globalization were key themes.
+
+One interesting comment was that NEC was definitely using its
+supercomputing technology downstream. Watanabe explained that the "same"
+high performance LSI technology used in NEC's SX/3 was also being used
+in its water cooled 3800/20 and 3800/60 mainframes. While this is no
+surprise it reinforces the economic justification for expensive R&D used
+in small unit sales products. Of course, until this year NEC has not
+sold many of its SX computers.
+
+He ended his talk with a very general description of several important
+future research directions.
+
+ Future Industry : Integrated Information Networks
+ Basic Theory : Unified modeling theory for information networks
+ Practical Method: Efficient method of information network integration
+ Final Target : Useful network compiler for large scale network
+ (several hundred thousand sub-parts)
+
+ Future Industry : Global Systems
+ Basic Theory : Elegant modeling theory for social systems
+ Practical Method: High performance simulation
+ Final Target : Powerful simulator for complex global systems.
+
+This was a perfect presentation to inspire the scientists and students at
+this meeting, but there was no opportunity to dig out some of the most
+important details.
+
+After Watanabe's lecture,
+ Prof Radu Popescu-Zeletin
+ FOCUS Directorate
+ Research Center for Open Communication Systems
+ GMD
+ Hardenbergplatz 2
+ D-1000 Berlin 12
+ Germany
+ Tel: 49-30-25499-206, Fax: 49-30-25499-202
+ Email: ZELETIN@FOKUS.GMD.DBP.DE
+who was another of the invited speakers, commented that if we really
+wanted to see integrated computing and communications we should visit his
+laboratory in Berlin.
+
+PAPERS (TESTING VECTORIZED FFTS).----------------------------------------
+One of the most heavily used algorithms is fast Fourier transform (FFT).
+In fact it has been called the most important computer algorithm ever
+devised, and plays a key role in a vast number of applications, from
+solving partial differential equations, to image processing. Although the
+first significant paper was in 1965, research continues even today. Every
+computer vendor that markets to scientific users provides a highly
+optimized collection of FFT routines.
+ Prof Chung-Ping Chung
+ Dept of Computer Science and Infor Engineering
+ National Chiao-Tung Univ
+ Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050 ROC
+ Tel: (035) 712121, ext 3728, Fax: (035) 724176
+reported on his studies of several variations of the FFT, with special
+emphasis on their implementation for large general purpose
+supercomputers. One of the least well known, Ruritanian's method,
+performed best when Chung timed in on a Convex C-1. Unfortunately Chung
+used his own implementations of these algorithms, rather than tuned
+implementations provided by vendors, or even carefully coded ones in the
+public domain such as by Schwarztrauber, etc. With the dearth of work in
+Taiwan in numerical computation, it is a pity that when someone wants to
+do something he is hampered by lack of access. In this case Chung would
+benefit very greatly by having access either to source programs of good
+FFT implementations, or at least an opportunity to run his programs
+against some of them. Western researchers who are interested in this
+topic should write to Chung directly.
+
+POST MEETING DISCUSSIONS (R.C.T. LEE, NATIONAL TSING HUA UNIVERSITY).----
+I had a fascinating morning with Tsing Hua's Dean and University Provost,
+ Prof. R.C.T. Lee
+ Dean of Academic Affairs
+ National Tsing Hua Univ
+ Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 ROC
+ Tel: 886-35-719134 (O) 886-35-711610 (H, Fax: 886-35-722713
+ Email: RTCLEE@TWNMOE10.BITNET
+Lee was also General Chairman of the International Symposium. Lee is a
+computer scientist who is still active. He gave me a list of publications
+numbering about 50, including several books. (One is to be published
+early next year.) He still supervises several PhD students, and his
+office is filled with photos of former students in wedding poses, and
+others with newborn children. Hsinchu as a city is clearly moving toward
+science, and this emphasis is reflected in the university. Nevertheless,
+Lee is trying to expand literature and other liberal arts appreciation
+with special programs, exhibits, etc.
+
+We talked for a while about problems in Taiwan with industry, especially
+relative to Korea. As mentioned earlier, Korea has much less per capita
+income than Taiwan, but Korea also has several very large companies, such
+as Daiwa, Pohang, etc. On the other hand, Taiwan has mostly small to
+medium sized companies. Lee remarked that there were advantages and
+disadvantages with either. Of course, large companies can have the
+resources needed for big time research, but are often inflexible and slow
+to respond to changes. A Taiwanese scientist told a story about a friend
+who owned a company that manufactured electronic arcade games, but when
+the market for these slowed recently the company was able to change
+almost overnight, to producing PCs.
+
+Lee felt that the ROC government needs to be more proactive in helping
+industry. He told me about a new government program that he had a hand in
+promoting that tries to do this. In it, scientists (from universities and
+research laboratories) come together to define some products that need to
+be developed, along with fairly detailed specifications. Subsequently,
+private industry makes proposals for the development work (which involves
+some technology transfer from the universities). Half of the development
+funds come from the government and half directly from the winning
+company. Lee also mentioned another program which allows engineers and
+technicians from industry to spend a few weeks to a few months at a
+University being trained in some new technology; ICs were specifically
+mentioned in this context. Workstations were another area where Taiwanese
+technicians needed retraining. Until recently, there was a great deal of
+PC expertise, but not much Unix development experience. When this was
+recognized substantial numbers of Taiwanese were sent out of the country
+to learn the necessary skills. Generally though, Lee acknowledges that it
+will be impossible to compete directly with Japan at the cutting edge of
+high technology, and that Taiwan should focus on those areas for which it
+is best suited. In his opinion, small company manufacturing is done very
+well in Taiwan, and definitely surpasses Taiwanese skills in computer
+systems. There are some anomalies though. Taiwan has a strong trade
+surplus (these figures change yearly) but in the area of electrical
+components, including connectors, etc., the net flow is from Japan to
+Taiwan. Lee urged me to return and visit the industrial manufacturing
+facilities that he could arrange and also to meet the Minister of
+Economic Affairs, who he characterized as a scholarly and scientific
+person. Unfortunately, this trip was primarily to attend these
+conferences and for get acquainted purposes.
+
+Finally, I remarked to Professor Lee that I was disappointed by the lack
+of papers about numerical computation at either of the meetings. He
+agreed that this was a serious problem; researchers here are not much
+interested in computer modeling. Of course an important reason is the
+lack of general purpose high performance computers.
+
+[There was one session at the Symposium specifically designated for
+numerical computation. It promised to have one excellent invited talk on
+sparse linear systems by Prof. D.J. Evans (UK) who unfortunately was
+unable to attend at the last moment. Of the three remaining papers, one
+was by a physicist who had reinvented the method of lines, and the other
+two by students. Attendance at this session was very low, reflecting the
+general interest in these topics among the attendees.]
+
+POST MEETING DISCUSSIONS (K. WU, NATIONAL SUPERCOMPUTER CENTER TAIWAN).--
+The government is hoping to increase research in numerical modeling by
+its development of a National Supercomputing Center.
+ Dr. Kuo Wu, Visiting Specialist
+ National Supercomputer Center
+ National Taiwan University
+ Taipei, Taiwan
+ Tel: 363-0231 3221-221
+is on leave from Cray Research to help establish the Center. Wu told me
+that they had just received $85 million US to be spent over five years.
+Half will be for equipment, and half for a staff of about 100, including
+half researchers. A building is now being constructed in the Hsinchu
+Science Park. The Center expects a machine to be delivered in 1992,
+essentially to provide supercomputer cycles to the academic community, a
+la the US NSF Centers. No decision has been made on specific hardware
+although their budget allows for a high-end system, such as a Cray Y/MP.
+Wu claims that they are looking to the future and so might be interested
+in an SSI. My own feeling is that prestige aside, they will ultimately
+go for a mature system, and let larger installations be test sites for
+new machines. At this stage of their activity Wu and his staff are just
+beginning to search out potential users to learn more about their needs.
+
+POST MEETING DISCUSSIONS (K. KIN, CONVEX COMPUTER, ASIA).----------------
+I also had the opportunity to talk with
+ Dr. Kenneth L. Kin
+ Managing Director, Asia/Pacific Operations
+ Convex Computer Pte Ltd
+ 1 Scotts Road #25-06 Shaw Center
+ Singapore 0922
+ Tel: (65) 7334355, Fax: (65) 7334354
+about supercomputer and minisuper applications. I began by asking why his
+office was in Singapore instead of Japan, where there are already more
+than 50 Convex systems installed. He explained that Convex does have an
+office there but the company considers Japan a separate market from the
+remainder of the Pacific region. He felt that too many organizations
+centralize themselves in Japan, and then because of all the activity
+there, have less incentive to consider other countries where individual
+potential may not be as large. For Convex, business has been brisk this
+year in Taiwan, Malaysia, India, etc, while many other American firms
+remain fixated on Japan--a mistake he felt. Of course, the Japanese are
+well aware of this and are actively going after this market too. Kin
+claimed that he also had a substantial number of potential orders from
+(mainland) China, but until recently had been prevented from accepting
+them because of export restrictions.
+
+Having such a widespread customer base causes problems too. A complete
+set of spare parts is stocked centrally, in Convex's case in Taiwan, and
+this needs to be restocked from the factory in the US. Convex emphasizes
+the reliability of their equipment, nevertheless there are a few
+engineers in the Singapore office who respond to problems. For some
+installations, such as the one in Sumatra (Indonesia) the contract called
+for an engineer on site. This has turned out to be a real hardship
+assignment, as the engineer has repeatedly been ill, including a bout with
+malaria. Kin himself is on the road most of the time. In fact his family
+has remained in the DC area but he gets to see them about once a month.
+
+Several of the scientists at the meeting agreed that a medium sized
+Convex was a good bet for Departmental computing in many mid-sized
+companies or universities that could not justify a larger Cray-class
+machine. On the other hand, having a "real" Cray has advantages too, not
+the least of which is its name recognition, especially with politically
+savvy government ministers or corporate board members. Sometimes this
+matters quite a lot.
+
+I asked Kin if he could generalize about his user community. He
+explained that oil related applications have been important recently
+because of concern about oil supplies from the Gulf. He also confirmed
+my own observations that outside of Universities and some government
+institutes, almost all users are running packaged applications. Only
+within the University environment is any substantial programming being
+done. [Later, I was able to verify that in a recent survey of computer
+languages being used, within Taiwanese government agencies Fortran is
+almost as popular as Cobol, twice as heavily used as Assembly, and three
+times as heavily used as C.] Also, like Cray, Convex is concerned about
+distributed memory parallel processing. Their conventional wisdom is that
+a reasonable model for many new installations will be to provide a
+parallel processor as a node on a heterogeneous multicomputer network.
+
+Finally, I mentioned to Kin my conversations with NEC's SX/3 designer
+Watanabe, who claimed NEC was not interested (at this time) in marketing
+a mini super machine. Needless to say, he was very happy to hear this.
+
+As far as Convex's current software activities are concerned, an
+excellent survey of automatic parallelization techniques was given by
+ Mr. Jesse (Zhixi) Fang
+ Software Development Program Manager
+ Convex Computer Corporation
+ 3000 Waterview Parkway
+ P.O.Box 833851
+ Richardson, TX 75083-3851
+ Tel: (214) 497-4275, Fax: (214) 497-4500
+ Email: JFANG@CONVEX.COM
+Fang thought that Convex had every reason to hope that its Fortran
+compiler would shortly be better than Cray's at automatically finding and
+taking advantage of parallelizing opportunities, primarily because Convex
+is developing their compiler from scratch rather than having to make it
+compatible with older products. Personally, I am skeptical.
+
+INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION INDUSTRY (III), TAIPEI.-------------------------
+ Institute for Information Industry
+ 10th Floor, 116 Nanking E. Road
+ Sec 2, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
+ Tel: 886-2-542-2540, Fax: 886-2-531-0760.
+This is a government financed organization focused on promoting
+information technology in Taiwan and planning its growth. It was founded
+in 1979, and currently has about 650 employees in half dozen locations
+within Taipei. It also has two Exhibition Centers in the US, one in
+Mountain View CA, and a second in Gaithersburg MD (about five minutes
+from my US home). I spent one day at III main office, but unfortunately
+did not get to meet any of the higher level or research staff. It would
+be useful to return in order to get a better picture.
+
+In addition to promotional and planning, III has several products or
+services that their staff has developed. Many of these are very closely
+related to corresponding items in the West, but have been fully absorbed
+by III's staff to the point where new design and implementation can be
+done locally. The most important of these is the Software Engineering
+Environment Development (SEED) project. Begun in 1989 it is hoped that
+this will create a good distributed software environment via integrated
+networks, all the related information, methods, standards, and tools
+needed for software development. The idea is to have as many of Taiwan's
+software development projects working under SEED, in order to improve
+productivity and reliability by using a standard environment. More
+specifically, SEED will build workstations, and provide communication, an
+operating system (Unix kernel, CHINEX), graphics window interface, database
+system, and mail system. The mail system, workstation tools, Form Master,
+Imagemaker are clearly derived from Western products, but have been
+modified to deal with Chinese characters. There is also a Chinese Input
+System built around phonetic input, much like Japanese "kana" input
+systems. The SEED software/hardware is developed by III staff and also
+with support from several Taiwanese computer companies. III is also
+developing a SEED Service Center where various services, such as network
+management, databank, consulting, training, etc., are located. SEED has
+also published its second version of a handbook, "Software Development
+Guidelines", to explain international software standards.
+
+Other countries have also established programs with some of the same
+goals as SEED. In Asia these include SIGMA (Japan) and SUPER (Korea).
+
+III has been involved in expert system research. This would not be
+considered at a terribly exciting level by most Western standards.
+Nevertheless they have build rule-shell, frame-shell, and Chinese-shell
+expert systems, and have been applying prototypes to taxation auditing,
+and auto malfunction reduction. All concerned now believe that more
+professional training needs to be done in order to get expert systems
+more firmly rooted in the country.
+
+III also publishes several excellent survey reports with detailed
+statistics of computing technology in Taiwan. I can provide copies of
+these to a limited number of requestors.
+
+FINAL NOTE.--------------------------------------------------------------
+Taipei has the National Palace Museum, an astonishing collection of the
+best Chinese art and culture. English is used extensively in tours,
+exhibit labels, and lectures. Not to be missed!
+
+TITLES AND AUTHORS.------------------------------------------------------
+
+INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SYMPOSIUM
+
+Algorithms
+
+ 1. Some NP-complete combinatorial problems in computational geometry
+ (Invited)
+ M. H. Alsuwaiyel and D. T. Lee, Northwestern Univ., U.S.A.
+
+ 2. Flexible functional cell design for floor planning
+ Y. C. Chang, T. Y. Ho and L. H. Hsu, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Parallel algorithms for optimal routing between ring of terminals
+ S. C. Chang, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, U.S.A.
+
+ 4. An average case analysis of a resolution principle algorithm in
+ mechanical theorem proving
+ H. Hu, C. Y. Tang and R. C. T. Lee, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Database
+
+ 1. Algorithms for concurrency control on R-trees
+ J. K. Chen and Y. F. Huang, Tatung Inst. of Tech., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. Feasibility of index-scan join method on cube-connected multicomputers
+ J. Y. Tien and W. P. Yang, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. A query evaluation scheme on general purpose MIMD parallel machines
+ W. S. Lee, Purdue Univ., U.S.A. P. C-Y. Sheu, Rutgers Univ., U.S.A.
+
+ 4. Designing a highly parallel database server using off-the shelf
+ components
+ K. A. Hua, IBM Mid-Hudson Lab., U.S.A. H. C. Young, IBM Almaden
+ Research Center, U.S.A.
+
+
+Computer Communications
+
+ 1. From broadband ISDN to multimedia computer networks (Invited)
+ R. Popescu-Zeletin, Technical Univ. Berlin, Fed. Rep. of Germany
+
+ 2. A solution for packet switching of broadband ISDN
+ C. M. Weng and J. J. Li, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. On the statistical analysis of some continuous ARQ schemes with
+ repeated transmissions
+ J. K. Hu and T. H. Lee, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. A throughput analysis of Go-Back-N ARQ protocol with copy transmission
+ under priority
+ Y. Fukagawa, M. Ooki, Nishinippon Inst. of Tech., Japan
+ S. Murakami and S. Yoshida, Kyushu Inst. of Tech., Japan
+
+
+Distributed Systems
+
+ 1. Protocol conversion (Invited)
+ M. T. Liu, Ohio State Univ., U.S.A.
+
+ 2. A deadlock-free O( N) mutual exclusion algorithm for distributed
+ systems
+ Y. I. Chang, M. Singhal, and M. T. Liu, Ohio State Univ., U.S.A.
+
+ 3. A distributed probabilistic scheme with unequal weights
+ S. Y. Sung, Univ. of Singapore, Singapore
+
+ 4. Remote tasking facilities in DMINIX system
+ S. R. Tsai and W. J. Ueng, Cheng Kung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+Image Processing
+
+ 1. A new access method based on signature file in text retrieval
+ H. Fu and S. Y. Lee, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters via short line segments
+ B. Chen and H. J. Lee, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Multi-sensor planning for target recognition with constant time
+ complexity
+ Y. L. Liu and L. C. Fu, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. Applications of ICM segmentation algorithm
+ C. C. Chen, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 5. 2-D EAG Model for Describing and Identifying hand drawing objects
+ M. Zhao, Asian Inst. of Tech., Thailand
+
+
+Algorithms
+
+ 1. Heap-ordered trees, 2-partitions, and continued fractions
+ W. C. Chen and W. C. Ni, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. Unordered tree contraction
+ L. H. Hsu and J. J. J. Wang, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. An O(N*M*T) spatial match retrieval algorithm
+ D. J. Buehrer and C. C. Chang, Chung Cheng Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. On a maximum stable matching problem
+ J. J. M. Tan, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 5. Performance of heuristics for the longest common subsequences problem
+ F. Chin and C. K. Poon, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
+
+
+Database
+
+ 1. An overview of the SunSet database management system
+ F. Golshani and S. W. Dietrich, Arizona State Univ., U.S.A.
+
+ 2. Inserting tuples into coexistent views
+ C. H. Cho and Y. C. Lee, Univ. of Michigan, U.S.A.
+
+ 3. Solving the view update problem in nested relations
+ H. H. Yao, Yuan-Ze Inst. of Tech., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. Using partial pictures to view agreement in database relations
+ J. H. Leuchner, L. Miller and G. Slutzki, Iowa State Univ., U.S.A.
+
+
+Computer Communications
+
+ 1. Performance analysis of packet switching networks with window control
+ J. S. Wu and S. F. Yang, Central Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. Tree algorithm with nonuniform traffic pattern
+ J. H. Huang and Y. C. Lai, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Polling system with K=1 limited service discipline and noncyclic
+ service order
+ C. J. Chang, I. H. Chen, and L. C. Hwang, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. On the complexity of generating the test sequence without
+ synchronization problem
+ L. T. Liu, Telecommunication Lab., R.O.C.
+ G. H. Chen, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+ C. S. Lu, Telecommunication Lab., R.O.C.
+
+ 5. An executable rule-based specification and its incremental
+ implementation for communication protocols
+ C. M. Huang, Y. I. Chang, and M. T. Liu, Ohio State Univ., U.S.A.
+
+
+Distributed Systems
+
+ 1. Resource allocation for fault tolerant systems using external backups
+ Y. Huang, AT&T Bell Labs., Murray Hill, U.S.A.
+ S. K. Tripathi, Univ. of Maryland, U.S.A.
+
+ 2. A distributed self-stabilizing algorithm for finding bridges
+ M. S. Tsai, C. C. Tsao, and S. T. Huang, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. A robust and efficient algorithm of replicated ID table management in
+ GALAXY distributed operating system
+ X. Jia, K. Shimizu, H. Nakano, and M. Maekawa, Univ. of Tokyo, Japan
+
+ 4. An optimal diagnosis structure for distributed systems
+ F. W. Shih, IBM Watson Research Center, U.S.A.
+ K. Nakajima, Univ. of Maryland, U.S.A.
+
+ 5. Localizing the effects of faults in distributed object based systems
+ L. Lin, Unisys Corporation, San Jose, U.S.A.
+ M. Ahamad, Georgia Inst. of Tech., U.S.A.
+
+
+Image Processing
+
+ 1. Earley and MPM methods for attributed grammar parsing
+ K. Y. Huang and C. H. Chen, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+ D. R. Leu, Univ. of Houston, U.S.A.
+
+ 2. A flexible parallel architecture for relaxation labeling algorithms
+ S. Y. Lin and Z. Chen, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Array architecture design for video communication applications
+ L. G. Chen, Y. S. Jehng, and T. D. Chiueh, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. The development of HIGIPS the High-speed General-purpose Image
+ Processing System
+ F. H. Yao, A. Tamaki, K. Kato, Kyushu Inst. of Tech., Japan
+
+ 5. Prototyping a hypermedia document model with knowledge representation
+ K. Utsumiya, K. Korida, K. Yoshida, and S. Futamura, Oita Univ.,
+ Japan
+
+
+Algorithms
+
+ 1. The Most vital edges with respect to the number of spanning trees in
+ two-terminal series-parallel graphs
+ L. H. Hsu, R. H. Jan and Y. Y. Lee, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. Guarding problems in the gallery
+ H. Y. Fang and C. Y. Tang, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. On the relocation problems with some constraints
+ M. T. Lin and S. S. Tseng, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. An efficient annealing schedule for multiconstraint zero-one knapsack
+ problem
+ F. T. Lin, C. C. Hsu, and C. Y. Kao, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C
+
+ 5. The complexity of periodic maintenance
+ S. Baruah, L. Rosier, I. Tulchinsky and Univ. of Texas, Austin,
+ U.S.A.
+
+
+Database
+
+ 1. A binary implementation of single-key-lock scheme for dynamic access
+ control
+ C. C. Chang, Chung Cheng Univ., R.O.C.
+ T. C. Wu, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. A record-oriented cryptosystem for database sharing
+ C. H. Lin, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+ C. C. Chang, Chung Cheng Univ., R.O.C.
+ R. C. T. Lee, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Time-space optimal numerical database for large-scale scientific
+ applications
+ S. C. Park and J. P. Draayer, Louisiana State Univ., U.S.A.
+ S. Q. Zheng, Louisiana State Univ., U.S.A.
+
+ 4. Optimal MMI file systems for orthogonal range retrieval
+ C. Y. Chen, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+ C. C. Chang, Chung Cheng Univ., R.O.C.
+ R. C. T. Lee, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 5. A comprehensive model for fuzzy information management
+ A. Ramer, Univ. of Oklahoma, U.S.A.
+
+
+Artificial Intelligence
+
+ 1. Solve assumption-based truth maintenance problems by constructing
+ deduction graphs
+ H. L. Li, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. Paradox-free logics as the fundamental theory of knowledge Engineering
+ J. Cheng, Kyushu Univ., Japan
+
+ 3. General solutions of boolean equations
+ C. S. Wu, Industrial Tech. Research Inst., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. The modal-functional unification method for automating reasoning in a
+ logic of branching time
+ M. C. Chan, Univ. of New South Wales, Australia
+ T. J. Richards, La Trobe Univ., Australia
+
+ 5. Preliminary evaluation of LogDf: A data-driven parallel architecture
+ for logic programs
+ C. C. Tseng, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+ P. Biswas, Texas Instrument Corp., U.S.A.
+
+
+Distributed Systems
+
+ 1. The optimal checkpoint interval in time Warp parallel simulation
+ S. Y. Hwang, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+ E. D. Lazowska and Y. B. Lin, Univ. of Washington, U.S.A.
+
+ 2. Algorithms for the assignment of pipelined and acyclic tasks in
+ ring-structured distributed systems
+ J. P. Sheu, Central Univ., R.O.C.
+ C. Y. Chen, Tatung Inst. of Tech., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. A transformational approach to process partitioning using timed petri
+ nets
+ G. M. Yee and C. M. Woodside, Carleton Univ., Canada
+
+ 4. A teamware workbench for multimedia information management
+ N. Matsuura, S. Ichimura, S. I. Hiraiwa, K. I. Okada, and Y.
+ Matsushita, Keio Univ., Japan
+
+ 5. A virtual machine based execution environment for stand-alone
+ application systems
+ T. H. Chang, C. S. Hwang, and S. R. Tsai, Cheng Kung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+Image Processing
+
+ 1. Line segment matching for 3-D computer vision using a new iteration
+ scheme
+ S. L. Chou and W. H. Tsai, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. Line segment correspondence finding using path and shape coherences
+ C. H. Wu and C. L. Huang, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Moment preserving edge detection and its application to image data
+ compression
+ H. S. Hsu and W. H. Tsai, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. Image coding using eigendecomposition and its comparison with DCT
+ P. W. Chin, J. F. Yang, and C. H. Chen, Cheng Kung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 5. A new adaptive coder for runlength coding
+ J. F. Wang, L. W. Lee, and M. J. Yang, Cheng Kung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Algorithms
+
+ 1. Design of a parallel theorem prover for first order logic
+ W. T. Chen, T. R. Chou, H. J. Liu and K. R. Hsieh, Tsing Hua Univ.,
+ R.O.C.
+
+ 2. A linear recurrence solver
+ F. C. Lin and K. L. Chung, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+ Y. N. Yeh, Academia Sinica, R.O.C.
+
+ 3. On the design of parallel algorithms for non-linear space-time
+ representations
+ H. A. Fencl and C. H. Huang, Ohio State Univ., U.S.A.
+
+ 4. An O(1) time algorithm for generating computation tree forms
+ B. F. Wang and G. H. Chen, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 5. Conflict-free broadcasting algorithms for graph traversal and its
+ applications
+ G. H. Chen, W. W. Liang, and L. T. Liu,
+ Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+ Z. C. Yeh, Tatung Inst. of Tech., R.O.C.
+
+Computer Vision
+
+ 1. Corner Detection and Segmented Regression
+ J. S. Huang, Academia Sinica, R.O.C.
+
+ 2. Automatic thresholding for edge detection based on human visual
+ perception
+ J. S. Chen, W. N. Lie, and Y. C. Chen, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Collision avoidance for monitoring multiple operating robot
+ manipulators by computer vision using 2-D camera views
+ W. T. Chao and W. H. Tsai, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. A new Model-based approach for industrial visual inspection
+ Y. N. Sun and C. T. Tsai, Cheng Kung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 5. Fast object detection for a mobile robot using structured light in an
+ indoor environment
+ X. W. Tu and B. Dubuisson, Compiegne Univ., France
+
+
+Artificial Intelligence
+
+ 1. TCGD A Time-Constrained approximate guided Depth-first search algorithm
+ (Invited)
+ B. W. Wah and L. C. Chu, Univ. of Illinois, U.S.A.
+
+ 2. A generalized learning problem
+ T. P. Hong and S. S. Tseng, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Using both feature-based and Constraint-based Knowledge in the
+ evidential relaxation labeling scheme
+ C. C. Hsu and V. W. Soo, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. A direction-selective chart and a head-driven chart parser for Chinese
+ sentence analysis
+ L. F. Chien and L. S. Lee, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+ K. J. Chen, Academia Sinica, R.O.C.
+
+
+Parallel Processing
+
+ 1. Parallelized simulation of grids on hypercubes (Invited)
+ M. Y. Chan and Y. L. Chin, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
+
+ 2. 3-D optical multistage interconnection networks: topology and routing
+ K. S. Huang and J. K. Peir, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, U.S.A.
+
+ 3. The generalized cube connected cycles network
+ C. S. Yang and W. Y. Chen, Sun Yat-Sen Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. Optimal broadcasting on SIMD hypercubes
+ C. T. Ho, IBM Almaden Research Center, U.S.A.
+
+
+VLSI/CAD
+
+ 1. On the design of concurrent error detectable multiply and divide arrays
+ C. L. Wey, Michigan State Univ., U.S.A. T. Y. Chang, Tsing Hua
+ Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. On easily testable array multipliers
+ K. J. Lin and C. W. Wu, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Test pattern generation for sequential circuits by dirceted-search
+ method
+ J. F. Wang, P. C. Chen, C. G. Wang, B. D. Liu and T. Y. Kuo, Cheng
+ Kung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. A new hybrid sense algorithm for three-layer via minimization with
+ practical constraints
+ S. C. Fang, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C. K. E. Chang, Taiwan Normal Univ.,
+ R.O.C.
+ W. S. Feng, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 5. Worst case analysis of greedy heuristic to find a minimum total-jogs
+ layout for river routing
+ K. H. Teo and T. C. Tuan, Univ. of Oklahoma, U.S.A.
+
+ 6. A new net distribution algorithm for cell layout
+ P. W. Huang, H. R. Lin, and Y. C. Hsu, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Algorithms
+
+ 1. Voronoi diagrams for moving objects (Invited)
+ H. Imai and K. Imai, Univ. of Tokyo, Japan
+
+ 2. Constant time algorithms for sorting and computing convex hulls
+ B. F. Wang and G. H. Chen, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Computing minimum spanning trees and relative neighborhood graphs in
+ the polygonal Minkowski metric
+ S. N. Yang and C. H. Cheng, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. The NP-hardness of two connected cell layout problems on cellular radio
+ networks
+ N. F. Huang and R. S. Lin, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Computer Vision
+
+ 1. Thinning and stroke segmentation for document symbols
+ R. H. Cheng and Z. Chen, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. A mathematical morphology approach to euclidean distance transformation
+ F. Y. Shih, New Jersey Inst. of Tech., U.S.A.
+ O. R. Mitchell, Univ. of Texas, U.S.A.
+
+ 3. Skeletonization using the newtonian potential
+ J. H. Chuang, Univ. of Illinois, U.S.A.
+
+
+Artificial Intelligence
+
+ 1. Design and implementation of a generalized blackboard structuring
+ subsystem
+ C. S. Ho, R. C. Chen, and J. M. Lin, Taiwan Inst. of Tech., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. An adaptive expert system for control decision in battle ship
+ simulation
+ W. W. Loa and C. L. Wang, Chung San Inst. of Science and Technology,
+ R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Z-III: a PC-based fuzzy expert system shell
+ K. S. Leung, Y. T. So, A. Leung, and W. S. F. Wong, Chinese Univ. of
+ Hong Kong, Hong Kong
+
+ 4. Hardware encoding of concept hierarchy
+ H. H. Chung, M. T. Hsieh, and S. Y. Hwang, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Parallel Processing
+
+ 1. An interactive technique to analyze the performance of finite-buffered
+ multistage interconnection networks
+ H. S. Jang, M. Singhal, K. Y. Lee and M. T. Liu, Ohio State Univ.,
+ U.S.A.
+
+ 2. Refining the diffusion approximation for modelling multiprocessor
+ systems
+ J. S. Wu and J. Y. Wang, Central Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. A fault-tolerant VLSI interconnection network using cellular array
+ H. Mei and T. C. Lin, Univ. of Texas, U.S.A.
+
+ 4. GALAXY A parallel computer for large data/knowledge base systems
+ K. A. Hua, Univ. of Central Florida, U.S.A.
+ C. Lee, IBM Mid-Hudson Laboratories, U.S.A.
+
+ 5. A decomposition strategy for extending double precision and reducing
+ ROM cost in conversion between binary and binary logarithm
+ J. F. Hsueh and H. Y. Lo, Feng Chia Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+VLSI/CAD
+
+ 1. A new approach to CMOS operational amplifier synthesis
+ C. Y. Kuo, L. G. Chen and T. M. Parng, Taiwan Univ. R.O.C.
+
+ 2. Automated synthesis of asynchronous digital circuits from graphic
+ timing specification
+ W. K. Chia and Y. H. Kuo, Cheng Kung Univ., R.O.C
+
+ 3. A new synthesizer of microprogrammed controllers for multicycling
+ operations
+ J. F. Wang, M. H. Sheu, Y. L. Jeang, W. Y. Lee and J. Y. Lee, Cheng
+ Kung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. FIPOC: A finite state machine synthesizer
+ J. P. Wang and C. S. Lin, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 5. A technology-driven simulation system based on code-generation design
+ methodology
+ A. T. Yang and J. T. Yao, Univ. of Washington, U.S.A.
+
+Algorithms
+
+ 1. Parallel algorithms for sparse linear systems (Invited)
+ D. J. Evans, Loughborough Univ. of Tech., U.K.
+
+ 2. Solving diffusion equations using vector/parallel algorithm
+ L. C. Chien, Academia Sinica, R.O.C.
+ H. C. Hsu, Taichung Inst. of Commercial, R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Solving large sparse linear system by iterative method on
+ multiprocessor
+ N. S. Chang, J. S. Wang and C. Y. Tang, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. An efficient parallel algorithm for Jacobian computation
+ J. Z. C. Lai and J. S. Kuo, Feng Chia Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Neural Networks
+
+ 1. Fuzzy combinatorial optimization by neural networks
+ M. Sakawa, Hiroshima Univ., Japan
+
+ 2. A neural network for solving the satisfiability problems
+ K. T. Sun and H. C. Fu, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Solving the travelling salesman problem using hopfield nets with
+ time-varying energy function 763
+ S. D. Wang and C. M. Tsai, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. A neural network approach to constrained task allocation problems
+ Y. S. Tseng, J. L. Wu and J. H. Huang, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+Software Engineering
+
+ 1. Software engineering in the year 2000 (Invited)
+ C. V. Ramamoorthy, Univ. of California, Berkeley, U.S.A.
+
+ 2. A requirement organization approach for object-based construction of
+ software systems
+ D. J. Chen, S. K. Huang and J. Y. Chen, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. An approach to module invocation based performance dependency analysis
+ for Ada programs
+ P. S. E. Chang and C. Y. Hsieh, Univ. of Oklahoma., U.S.A.
+
+ 4. Rule-based software performance evaluation
+ C. C. Lien, C. C. Yang and S. J. Hwang, Taiwan Inst. of Tech.,
+ R.O.C.
+
+
+Parallel Processing
+
+ 1. Heterogeneous Multicomputers (Invited)
+ H. T. Kung, Carnegie Mellon Univ., U.S.A.
+
+ 2. VLSI architecture of the MPA-I superscalar microprocessor
+ B.T. Chang, Y. J. Oyang and F. C. Lin, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Analytical and simulated performance of the USC orthogonal
+ multiprocessor
+ C. M. Cheng and K. Hwang, Univ. of Southern California, U.S.A.
+
+ 4. Correlation between cache size and coherence protocol overhead
+ J. C. Wang and M. Dubois, Univ. of Southern California, U.S.A.
+
+
+Signal Processing
+
+ 1. Computing pseudo wigner distribution by the fast Hartley transform
+ S. C. Pei and I. I. Yang, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. The unconstraint minimization approach of the pisarenko spectral
+ estimation
+ S. J. Chern and T. M. Lan, Sen Yat-sen Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. An independence technique and its application to transform coding
+ C. J. Kuo, Chung Cheng Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. Signal reconstruction from Hartley transform magnitudes
+ G. S. Chen, J. L. Wu and L. S. Lee, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 5. A new implementation of generalized order statistic filter by
+ threshold decomposition
+ L. W. Chang and S. S. Yu, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Computer Graphics
+
+ 1. Approximation to planar curves by the minimum number of piecewise
+ parabolas
+ H. M. Sun, Academia Sinica, R.O.C.
+ M. C. K. Yang, Academia Sinica, R.O.C. and Univ. of Florida, U.S.A.
+
+ 2. A developmental model of herbaceous plants with flowers--the growth of
+ orchid
+ Y. J. Shih and Z. C. Shih, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Polar form for surface modelings
+ T. V. To and H. N. Phien, Asian Inst. of Tech., Thailand
+
+ 4. A CG technique to generate pictures of bird's-eye view of terrain
+ models for constructing holographic stereogram
+ Y. Aoki, T. Naruse and Y. Sakai, Hokkaido Univ., Japan
+
+ 5. Modeling deformable objects using a linkage model
+ P. Y. Ku, Inst. of Information Industry, R.O.C.
+ Y. T. Ching, Academia Sinica and Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Neural Networks
+
+ 1. Decision support using fuzzy neural logic network
+ F. H. Nah and S. C. Chan, Univ. of Singapore,
+ Singapore
+
+ 2. A smart spell checking system - a neural net approach
+ P. Y. Chen and J. S. Wang, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. A numerical stable pipeline net VLSI architecture for the isomorphic
+ Hopfield model
+ P. R. Chang and K. S. Hwang, Industrial Tech. Research Inst., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. An improved pocket learning of neural network
+ Y. P. Chu, S. T. Wang and C. M. Hsieh, Chung Hsing Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Software Engineering
+
+ 1. Automatic transformation of high-level logic specifications into
+ efficient imperative programs
+ A. Pan and B. R. Bryant, Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham, U.S.A.
+
+ 2. Design and implementation of the EC++ language
+ H. J. Chen and B. J. Liu, Central Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. Software reliability measurement during operation phase based on a
+ test-effort dependent reliability growth model
+ J. Hishitani, S. Yamada, M. Kimura and S. Osaki, Hiroshima Univ.,
+ Japan
+
+ 4. An efficient lookahead algorithm for disk cache
+ T. M. Chang, Dongguk Univ., Korea
+ C. S. Jhon, Seoul Univ., Korea
+
+ 5. Trio: an object-oriented operating system for education
+ P. J. Lee and F. J. Wang, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Parallel Processing
+
+ 1. A dependence-based loop partitioning method for multitasking in a vetor
+ computer
+ I. K. Chou, C. P. Chung and C. Chen, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 2. Trapezoid self-scheduling: a practical scheduling scheme for parallel
+ compilers
+ T. H. Tzen and L. M. Ni, Michigan state Univ., U.S.A.
+
+ 3. STRAD: A tool for automatic synthesis of regular array algorithms
+ Y. C. Lin, Taiwan Inst. of Tech., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. Modeling the performance of grouping on multicomputers
+ C. T. King, W. D. Ju and I. R. Kau, New Jersey Institute of
+ Technology, U.S.A.
+
+ 5. Study of the vectorization of FFT
+ C. P. Chung and C. H. Tsai, Chiao Tung Univ., R.O.C.
+
+
+Speech Recognition
+
+ 1. Recognition of phonetic labels of the TIMIT speech corpus by means of
+ an artificial neural network
+ J. X. Wu and C. Chan, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
+
+ 2. On the use of matrix quantization to text-constraint speaker
+ identification
+ M. S. Chen, P. H. Lin and H. C. Wang, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 3. A study on two-dimensional cepstrum approach for the speech recognition
+ H. F. Pai and H. C. Wang, Tsing Hua Univ., R.O.C.
+
+ 4. An initial study on large vocabulary continuous mandarin speech
+ recognition
+ C. H. Tseng and L. S. Lee, Taiwan Univ., R.O.C.
+
+==============================================================================
+
+FIRST WORKSHOP ON PARALLEL PROCESSING
+National Tsing Hua University
+Dec 20-21 1990 Hsinchu, Taiwan ROC
+PROGRAM
+
+Keynote Speech: How to Move Parallel Processing into the Mainstream,
+H.T. Kung (Carnegie Mellon Univ USA)
+
+Whatever Happened to the Promised MFLOPs?
+C.C. Hsiuing (Cray Research, USA)
+
+Orthogonal Multiprocessor for Integrated Image Understqnding
+K. Hwang & D.K. Panda (Univ Southern Cal USA)
+
+On Multistage Interconnection Networks
+T. Feng (Penn State Univ, USA)
+
+The Role of Protocol Engineering in Parallel Processing
+M.T. Liu (Ohio State U, USA)
+
+Communication Issues in Multicomputers
+L.M. Ni (Michigan State Univ, USA)
+
+Design and Experimentation of Routing Schemes for 2D Torus Message
+Passing Network
+T.W. Hou, L.M. Tseng, W.G. Lin, S.R. Tsai, C.K. Shie (National Cheng
+Kung Univ)
+
+SEE: A System Evaluation Environment for Parallel Systems
+P.C. Yew & J.D. Bruner (U. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA)
+
+Parallel Algorithms for Computing the Minimum Visible Vertex Distance
+Between Two Polygons
+F.R. Hsu, R.C.T. Lee, R.C. Chang (National Chiao Tung Univ)
+
+Configurational Computation on the Processor Array with a
+Reconfigurable Bus System
+B.F. Wang, G.H. Chen, H. Li (National Taiwan Univ)
+
+An Optimal Parallel Algorithm for Generating Permutations on a Linear
+Array
+B.Y. Wu & C.Y. Tang (National Tsing Hua Univ)
+
+Cache Organizations in Shared Memory Parallel Systems
+K. So (IBM T.J. Watson Research Center USA)
+
+Parasight: An Integrated Programming Environment for Sequential and
+Parallel Programs
+P.Y. Chen, Z. Aral, I. Gertner, G. Schaffer, J. Grier (Encore Co USA)
+
+Research and Education of Software Engineering for Concurrent Systems
+K.C. Tai (US National Science Foundation, & North Carolina State
+Univ, USA)
+
+A 3n-state Self Stabilizing Protocol for Uniform Rings
+S.T. Huang (National Tsing Hua Univ)
+
+Parallel Computing and Parallel Compilers
+J. Fang (Convex Computer Corp)
+
+Extract Parallelism within a Nested Loop by Cycle Breaking and Loop
+Reordering
+C.M. Wang, S.D. Wang (National Taiwan Univ)
+
+Synthesizing Nested Loop Algorithms Using Nonlinear Transformation Method
+J.P. Sheu, C.Y. Chang (National Central Univ)
+
+Computer Scheduling Algorithms: Past, Present, and Future
+K.M. Baumgartner, B.W. Wah (Univ of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
+
+Scheduling Support for Parallel Programs on Multiprocessors
+H. Chang (IBM T.J. Watson Research Center)
+
+An Optimal Partitioning in the Star Network with Limited Processors
+M.T. Chen, S.S. Tseng (National Chiao Tung Univ)
+
+Exploitation of Multiple-Instruction-Stream Superscalar Microprocessor
+Architecture
+C Wu, R. G. Prasadh (Univ Texas at Austin)
+
+Major Architectural Features of the Spectra-I Superscale Microprocessor
+Y. Oyang, C. Wen, Y. Chen (National Taiwan Univ)
+
+Parallel Inference Model Based on Multi RISC-style Processing System
+C. Chen, C. Chung, C. Chiang, H. Fu, T. Chang, R. Ou, S. Wang (National
+Chiao Tung Univ)
+
+The Design of an Integrated Parallel Processing Unit with a
+Reconfigurable Bus System
+W. Chen, C. Liu, M. Fang (National Tsing Hua Univ)
+
+Two-Level Fault-Tolerant Boolean Hypercube Architecture
+C. Yang, S. Wu (National Sun Yat-Sen Univ)
+
+The VP/30 Compute Server: The First Mini-supercomputer in Taiwan
+H. Yeh, J. Tsau, P. Shiue, B. Lin, A. Chu, J. Chang (CCL/ITRI)
+
+------------------------END OF REPORT-----------------------------------
+