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diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/README b/info/first-latex-doc/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3365cbe104 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/README @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +first-latex-doc + +This document is for you if you don't know anything about TeX or +LaTeX, but want to see what is involved. For instance, maybe you +are a graduate student who has been advised to try writing document +using LaTeX. + +It brings you through writing a document of a couple of pages, +involving both plain text and mathematics, and should only +take a couple of hours. At the end you will have an idea if +the system could help you, and there are a couple of recommendations +for tutorials. + +See also http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-doc-ptr . + + +License: + public domain + +Comments to: + Jim Hefferon email: ftpmaint at tug.ctan.org + +History: + 2009-May-25 Jim Hefferon, Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard, Karl Berry diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/first-latex-doc.pdf b/info/first-latex-doc/first-latex-doc.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c866010665 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/first-latex-doc.pdf diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/first-latex-doc.tex b/info/first-latex-doc/first-latex-doc.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7354ed514 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/first-latex-doc.tex @@ -0,0 +1,665 @@ +\documentclass{article} + +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{color} +\definecolor{bg}{rgb}{0.89, 0.95, 0.71} % background e3f3b4 +\definecolor{ac}{rgb}{0.50, 0.18, 0.41} % accent c491b6 +\definecolor{rc}{rgb}{0.77, 0.57, 0.71} % rule 7f2f69 +\usepackage{listings} +\lstset{ + basicstyle=\small\ttfamily, + xleftmargin=1em, + } +\lstdefinestyle{latex}{language=TeX, + backgroundcolor=\color{bg}, + basicstyle=\small\ttfamily, + frame=leftline, + xleftmargin=1.4em, + framexleftmargin=.8em} +\lstdefinestyle{cmdline}{ + } +\usepackage{url} +\usepackage[pdftex, + bookmarks, + colorlinks=true, + linkcolor=black, + plainpages = false, + pdfpagemode = UseNone, + pdfstartview = FitH, + citecolor = ac, urlcolor = ac, filecolor = ac]{hyperref} + +\usepackage[para]{footmisc} +% Change horiz room between fn mark and fn hskip from .5em +% Suggested to RF making this settable +\makeatletter +\long\def\@makefntext#1{\leavevmode +\@makefnmark\nobreak +\hskip.05em\relax#1% +} +\makeatother +%\newcommand{\texdoc}[1]{\/\footnote{\protect\texttt{#1}}} +\newcommand{\citelink}[3]{\href{#1}{#2}~\cite{#3}} +\newcommand{\bibliolink}[2]{\href{#1}{\nolinkurl{#1}}, \href{#1}{#2}} + +\setlength{\parskip}{0.75ex} +\makeatletter % from emma pease at csli.stanford.edu +% \@startsection {NAME}{LEVEL}{INDENT}{BEFORESKIP}{AFTERSKIP}{STYLE} +% optional * [ALTHEADING]{HEADING} +% Generic command to start a section. +% NAME : e.g., 'subsection' +% LEVEL : a number, denoting depth of section -- e.g., chapter=1, +% section = 2, etc. A section number will be printed if +% and only if LEVEL < or = the value of the secnumdepth +% counter. +% INDENT : Indentation of heading from left margin +% BEFORESKIP : Absolute value = skip to leave above the heading. +% If negative, then paragraph indent of text following +% heading is suppressed. +% AFTERSKIP : if positive, then skip to leave below heading, +% else - skip to leave to right of run-in heading. +% STYLE : commands to set style +% If '*' missing, then increments the counter. If it is present, then +% there should be no [ALTHEADING] argument. A sectioning command +% is normally defined to \@startsection + its first six arguments. +\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{2.5ex plus .6ex minus + .2ex}{1.0ex plus .15ex}{\hspace*{-3em}\Large\bf\color{ac}}} +\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{1.5ex plus .3ex minus + .1ex}{.2ex plus .1ex}{\hspace*{-3em}\bf\large\color{ac}}} +\makeatother +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0} + +\newlength{\rulelength} +\setlength{\rulelength}{\linewidth} +\addtolength{\rulelength}{9.5em} +\title{Getting something out of \LaTeX{}} +\author{Jim Hef{}feron} + +\pagestyle{plain} +\begin{document} +\thispagestyle{empty} +% \maketitle +\setlength{\unitlength}{1in} +\begin{picture}(0,0)(0,0) + \put(-0.5,-.84){\mbox{\color{bg}\rule{2.32in}{1.15in}}} +\end{picture} +\makeatletter +\vspace*{3ex} +\par\noindent{\hspace*{-1.5em}\LARGE\bf \@title} +\vspace*{-1.2ex} +\par\noindent{\textcolor{rc}{\hspace*{-1.5em}\rule{\rulelength}{1.05pt}}} +\vspace*{-.5ex} +\par\noindent{\hspace*{-1.5em}\large \@author} +\vspace*{5ex} +\makeatother + +This is for people considering using \LaTeX{}. +This is not a tutorial. +Instead, +it takes you through making a first document. +If this quick taste leaves you wanting more +then you are ready to go through a tutorial. + +Because this is a just a taste, we will skip many things. +And, for those things that we will discuss, +we will see only one way to do them. +For instance, in the first section there are a number of ways to get +the software but we will just name one. +This approach has the disadvantage of leaving you without a full understanding +of the system +but has the advantage that in a couple of hours +you will know whether +\LaTeX{} is a tool that can help you. + + + + + +\section{Get the software} + +\LaTeX{} is how we will use the \TeX{} suite of +programs. +So you must download that suite, if you don't already have it. +We will describe only options that are free. + +If your computer system is Windows then download +\citelink{http://www.miktex.org}{MiK\TeX}{miktex}.\footnote{For people with a printed version of this document we list links at the end.} +If you have a Unix-like system such as GNU/Linux then get +\citelink{http://www.tug.org/texlive/}{\TeX{} Live}{texlive}. +For a Macintosh get +\citelink{http://www.tug.org/mactex/}{Mac\TeX}{mactex}, +a version of \TeX{}~Live with some Mac-specific add-ons. + +All three downloads are big but all three install easily (of course, +you must carefully follow the directions; in particular on +a Unix-like system you will need to alter your \texttt{PATH}). +Here we are only giving \LaTeX{} a try so we will skip most things. + + + + +\subsection{Use an editor} + +We don't write \LaTeX{} with a word processor. +A word processor combines many of the jobs that must be done to +produce a document, such as entering and moving the text, formatting it +into paragraphs, producing a PDF file, etc. +In a \TeX{}-based system those jobs are done separately. + +Instead, we write \LaTeX{} with an editor, +a program that is specialized at moving text around in a computer file. +There are many editors, +including some specifically for writing \LaTeX{}, but below +our documents are small so any editor will do. +Just to name a couple of names: +on a Windows system you can use Notepad, +while on a Unix-like system or a Mac you can use Emacs. + + + + + +\section{Get it to work} + +Having picked an editor, you can write a first document. +Make a new directory +named \nolinkurl{latex-first} +(your system might use the term ``folder''). +Open a terminal window and in that window, change into that directory +(possibly you would use the command \verb!cd latex-first!). + +Next start your editor. +Open the new file +\nolinkurl{latex-first.tex} +in the \nolinkurl{latex-first} directory. +Enter the text below, line for line, as it is written +(without spaces on the left margin). +\begin{lstlisting}[style=latex] +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hyperref} + +\begin{document} +Hello world! +\end{document} +\end{lstlisting} +Many of those things are boilerplate~--- lines that I put into every +\LaTeX{} file. +We'll ignore what they mean for a while to focus on getting +out a first document. + +Save that file. +Go back to your terminal window and enter this command. +\begin{lstlisting} +pdflatex latex-first +\end{lstlisting} +If that worked then you should see perhaps forty lines of text, +starting with something like +\begin{lstlisting} +This is pdfTeXk, Version 3.1415926-1.40.9 (Web2C 7.5.7) + %&-line parsing enabled. +entering extended mode +\end{lstlisting} +and ending with something like this. +\begin{lstlisting} +Output written on latex-first.pdf (1 page, 6195 bytes). +Transcript written on latex-first.log. +\end{lstlisting} +If you had errors, see the subsection below. + +You can view the output file \nolinkurl{latex-first.pdf} with +whatever program your system uses to view PDF. +\begin{center} + \includegraphics[scale=.35]{latex-first.png} +\end{center} + +\subsection{Handle errors} + +Check that you have typed the lines exactly. +Some seemingly small typing changes give large changes in the +result, including causing a document to not work. +So that you can be sure there isn't a typing discrepancy, +you can get a known-good copy of +\nolinkurl{latex-first.tex}; see +\protect\citelink{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/first-latex-doc/}{this document's source}{firstdoc}. + +If your run ends with a question mark, then you can type `\verb!x!' and +hit the `Enter' key to get out. + +\LaTeX's error messages can be hard to understand. +If you know someone with some experience, of course that's great. +If not, I've had good luck with putting the error message into a +search engine. + + + + + + +\section{Get more out} + +The first document is short so that it has fewer parts to go wrong. +But we've already seen some basics. +The file you type mixes text and commands. +The commands for \LaTeX{}, such as \verb!\begin{document}!, +start with a backslash +and sometimes have arguments contained in curly braces +(or, we'll see below, sometimes square brackets). + +The document we've made starts out with margins, typeface, etc., specified +in the class \verb!article!. +We've modified the behavior in small ways by bringing in some +packages such as \verb!graphicx!, which will allow us to include +graphic files. + +Next +we'll make a longer and more complex document. +Start the same way: +make a new directory +named \nolinkurl{latex-second}, +open a terminal window, and change into the new directory. +Then move back to your editor window and +open a new file +\nolinkurl{latex-second.tex} +in the \nolinkurl{latex-second} directory. +Enter this. +\begin{lstlisting}[style=latex] +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{lipsum} + +\begin{document} +This is some preamble text that you enter yourself. + +Below is a command that will automatically generate seven paragraphs +of text that is commonly used for examples in this field. + +\lipsum[1-7] +\end{document} +\end{lstlisting} +Save that file and in the terminal window run +\verb!pdflatex latex-second!. +Your system's PDF reader should show this. +\begin{center} + \includegraphics[scale=.35]{latex-second-a.png} +\end{center} + +If you have used a word processor then you will have noticed the +difference between that tool and \LaTeX{}. +A word processor moves the text around as you type it. +With \LaTeX{}, you describe what you want and then it goes off and +figures out how best to do that. +For instance, below we will +tell \LaTeX{} to make a section and the system +handles the font changes, vertical space, etc. + +In your editor, change the file \nolinkurl{latex-second.tex} to say this. +\begin{lstlisting}[style=latex] +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{lipsum} + +\begin{document} +This is some preamble text that you enter yourself. + +\section{Text for the first section} +\lipsum[1] + +\subsection{Text for a subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[2-3] + +\subsection{Another subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[4-5] + +\section{The second section} +\lipsum[6] + +\subsection{Title of the first subsection of the second section} +\lipsum[7] +\end{document} +\end{lstlisting} +Here is the resulting output. +\begin{center} + \includegraphics[scale=.35]{latex-second-b.png} +\end{center} +Note that numbering of the sections and subsections is done automatically. +How to change how they look is beyond this document, but the point is that +the system generates those for you. + +With those, we can illustrate cross-references. +Change the document's text to this. +\begin{lstlisting}[style=latex] +\begin{document} +This is some preamble text that you enter yourself. + +\section{Text for the first section} +\lipsum[1] + +\subsection{Text for a subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[2-3] +\label{labelone} + +\subsection{Another subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[4-5] +\label{labeltwo} + +\section{The second section} +\lipsum[6] + +Refer again to \ref{labelone}. +Note also the discussion on page \pageref{labeltwo} + +\subsection{Title of the first subsection of the second section} +\lipsum[7] +\end{document} +\end{lstlisting} +Run +\verb!pdflatex latex-second! +and look at the PDF file. +Notice that the references that we just entered didn't work~--- they appear +as question marks. +As \LaTeX{} runs it saves labels to a file. +When you run a file with a first-time label it has not yet been saved. +The question marks go away when you run \verb!pdflatex latex-second! +a second time. +\begin{center} + \includegraphics[scale=.35]{latex-second-c.png} +\end{center} +(When you are writing a real document, because you are fixing typos, etc., +you will run \LaTeX{} a number of times, so in practice having to +rerun the command isn't an issue.) + +We'll finish by adding footnotes, a +table of contents, and a bibliography. +Edit \nolinkurl{latex-second.tex} to say this. +\begin{lstlisting}[style=latex] +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{lipsum} + +\title{Test document} +\author{Your name \\ \url{you@example.com}} +\date{2009-Oct-12} +\begin{document} +\maketitle +\tableofcontents +\newpage + +This is some preamble text that you enter +yourself.\footnote{First footnote.}\footnote{Second footnote.} + +\section{Text for the first section} +\lipsum[1] + +\subsection{Text for a subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[2-3] +\label{labelone} + +\subsection{Another subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[4-5] +\label{labeltwo} + +\section{The second section} +\lipsum[6] + +Refer again to \ref{labelone}.\cite{ConcreteMath} +Note also the discussion on page \pageref{labeltwo} + +\subsection{Title of the first subsection of the second section} +\lipsum[7] + +\begin{thebibliography}{9} +\bibitem{ConcreteMath} +Ronald L. Graham, Donald E. Knuth, and Oren Patashnik, +\textit{Concrete Mathematics}, +Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1995. +\end{thebibliography} +\end{document} +\end{lstlisting} +Run \verb!pdflatex latex-second! +(in the \verb!\begin{thebibliography}{9}! line, +the \verb!9! tells \LaTeX{} that +the widest reference has one digit). + +Try changing the margins by altering the second +line to \verb!\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}!. +You can also experiment with the headings by changing the \verb!fancyhdr! +line to this. +\begin{lstlisting}[style=latex] +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\pagestyle{fancy} +\lhead{\today} +\chead{} +\rhead{Test document} +\lfoot{} +\cfoot{\thepage} +\rfoot{} +\end{lstlisting} + + +\section{Get math} + +Many people interested in \LaTeX{} +want to include mathematics. +The examples below are from \textit{Concrete Mathematics}~\cite{ConcreteMath}. +(We'll stop giving the complete listings of the input files, +and we'll stop showing screenshots to instead just give the output directly.) + +Add this text, for instance before the bibliography. +\begin{lstlisting}[style=latex] +There are $\binom{2n+1}{n}$ sequences with $n$ occurrences of +$-1$ and $n+1$ occurrences of $+1$, and Raney's lemma +tells us that exactly $1/(2n+1)$ of these sequences have all +partial sums positive. +\end{lstlisting} % page 360 +It produces this output. +\begin{center} +\begin{minipage}{0.8\textwidth} +There are $\binom{2n+1}{n}$ sequences with $n$ occurrences of +$-1$ and $n+1$ occurrences of $+1$, and Raney's lemma +tells us that exactly $1/(2n+1)$ of these sequences have all +partial sums positive. +\end{minipage} +\end{center} +This input +\begin{lstlisting}[style=latex] +Elementary calculus suffices to evaluate $C$ if we are clever enough +to look at the double integral +\begin{equation*} + C^2 + =\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} e^{-x^2} \mathrm{d}x + \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} e^{-y^2} \mathrm{d}y\;. +\end{equation*} +\end{lstlisting} % page 485 +gives this. +\begin{center} +\begin{minipage}{0.8\textwidth} +Elementary calculus suffices to evaluate $C$ if we are clever enough +to look at the double integral +\begin{equation*} + C^2 + =\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} e^{-x^2} \mathrm{d}x + \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} e^{-y^2} \mathrm{d}y\;. +\end{equation*} +\end{minipage} +\end{center} +And this source +\begin{lstlisting}[style=latex] +Solve the following recurrence for $n,k\geq 0$: +\begin{align*} + Q_{n,0} &= 1 + \quad Q_{0,k} = [k=0]; \\ + Q_{n,k} &= Q_{n-1,k}+Q_{n-1,k-1}+\binom{n}{k}, \quad\text{for $n,k>0$.} +\end{align*} +\end{lstlisting} % page 250 +produces this result. +\begin{center} +\begin{minipage}{0.8\textwidth} +Solve the following recurrence for $n,k\geq 0$: +\begin{align*} + Q_{n,0} &= 1 + \quad Q_{0,k} = [k=0]; \\ + Q_{n,k} &= Q_{n-1,k}+Q_{n-1,k-1}+\binom{n}{k}, \quad\text{for $n,k>0$.} +\end{align*} +\end{minipage} +\end{center} +The \verb!\usepackage{ams...! line in our source files +allow us to use the American Math Society's packages. +For example, the \texttt{align*} above is available because we +used \texttt{amsmath}. + +We also have access to the AMS's symbols. +A simple example is that we can get $\mathbb{Z}$ with the command +\verb!$\mathbb{Z}$!. +One more example shows a long arrow, and some other useful commands +\begin{lstlisting}[style=latex] +Therefore +\begin{equation*} +a\equiv b\pmod{m} +\qquad\Longleftrightarrow\qquad +a\equiv b \pmod{p^{m_p}}\quad\text{for all $p$} +\end{equation*} +if the prime factorization of $m$ is $\prod_p p^{m_p}$. +\end{lstlisting} % page 126 +that produce this. +\begin{center} +\begin{minipage}{0.8\textwidth} +Therefore +\begin{equation*} +a\equiv b\pmod{m} +\qquad\Longleftrightarrow\qquad +a\equiv b \pmod{p^{m_p}}\quad\text{for all $p$} +\end{equation*} +if the prime factorization of $m$ is $\prod_p p^{m_p}$. +\end{minipage} +\end{center} +(The +\citelink{http://mirror.ctan.org/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-letter.pdf}{\textit{Comprehensive \LaTeX{} Symbols List}}{comprehensive} +shows the widely-available symbols.) + +The \verb!amsthm! package gives us access to theorem environments, +but those go beyond the scope of this document. + + + +\section{Got it?} +You now have a feel for \LaTeX. +To go on, +see the tutorial +\citelink{http://mirror.ctan.org/info/lshort}{\textit{The Not-So-Short Guide to \LaTeX 2e}}{notsoshort} +or the +\citelink{http://www.tug.org.in/tutorials.html}{Indian \TeX{} Users Group's tutorial}{indian}. +More references are in the +\citelink{http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-doc-ptr/}{\LaTeX{} Document Pointer}{latexdocptr}. + +If what you've seen seems very different from what you are used to, +and you'd like an overview of the advantages of \LaTeX{}, +see +\citelink{http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb22-1-2/tb70heff.pdf}{Why \TeX?}{whytex}. + +When you take up \LaTeX{} for real-life documents, you need +to choose a good editing program. +In particular, people often use systems where the editor is integrated with +other components such as an output view, a spell checker that works +with \LaTeX{}, etc. +For advice, ask \LaTeX{} users that you know or click around on the Internet, +for instance on +\citelink{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics?gvc=2}{\url{comp.text.tex}}{ctt}. +(For what it is worth, I use \verb!emacs! with the AUC\TeX{} add-on. +On the Macintosh, many people use +\citelink{http://www.uoregon.edu/~koch/texshop/}{\TeX{} Shop}{texshop}. +A cross-platform editor, developed for the \TeX{} Users Group +with the goal of simplicity, is +\citelink{http://www.tug.org/texworks/}{\TeX{}works}{texworks}.) + +% \raggedright +\begin{thebibliography}{99} +\bibitem{comprehensive} +\bibliolink{http://mirror.ctan.org/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-letter.pdf}{\textit{Comprehensive \LaTeX{} Symbols List}}, +Scott Pakin, +2008. + +\bibitem{ConcreteMath} +\textit{Concrete Mathematics}, +Ronald L. Graham, Donald E. Knuth, and Oren Patashnik, +Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1995. + +\bibitem{ctt} +\bibliolink{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics?gvc=2}{\url{comp.text.tex} usenet group}, +group authorship, +2009. + +\bibitem{firstdoc} +\bibliolink{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/first-latex-doc/}{\textit{Getting something out of \LaTeX}} (source for this document), +Jim Hefferon, +2009. + +\bibitem{indian} +\bibliolink{http://www.tug.org.in/tutorials.html}{Indian \TeX{} Users Group's tutorial}, +Indian \TeX{} Users Group, +2003. + +\bibitem{latexdocptr} +\bibliolink{http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-doc-ptr/}{\LaTeX{} Document Pointer}, +Jim Hef{}feron, others, +2009. + +\bibitem{mactex} +\bibliolink{http://www.tug.org/mactex/}{Mac\TeX}, +Gerben Wierda, Jerome Laurens, Richard Koch, Herb Schulz, Karl Berry, others. + +\bibitem{miktex} +\bibliolink{http://www.miktex.org}{MiK\TeX}, +Christian Schenk, 2009. + +\bibitem{notsoshort} +\bibliolink{http://mirror.ctan.org/info/lshort}{\textit{The Not-So-Short Guide to \LaTeX 2e}}, +Scott Pakin, +2008. + +\bibitem{texlive} +\bibliolink{http://www.tug.org/texlive/}{\TeX{} Live}, +Sebastian Rahtz, Karl Berry, others. + +\bibitem{texshop} +\bibliolink{http://www.uoregon.edu/~koch/texshop/}{\TeX{} Shop}, +Richard Koch, 2009. + +\bibitem{texworks} +\bibliolink{http://www.tug.org/texworks/}{\TeX{}works}, +Jonathan Kew, 2009. + +\bibitem{whytex} +\bibliolink{http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb22-1-2/tb70heff.pdf}{Why \TeX?}, +Jim Hef{}feron, +\textit{TUGBoat}, +vol~22 no~1/2, 2001. +\end{thebibliography} + + +\section{Author} +\begin{raggedright} +Jim Hef{}feron \\ +Saint Michael's College \\ +\today \\ +\nolinkurl{ftpmaint@tug.ctan.org} +\end{raggedright} + +\end{document} diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/latex-first.png b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-first.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c268853162 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-first.png diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/latex-first.tex b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-first.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc6cc4e441 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-first.tex @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hyperref} + +\begin{document} +Hello world! +\end{document} diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-a.png b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-a.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb28ac2a07 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-a.png diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-a.tex b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-a.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9cabfa7642 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-a.tex @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{lipsum} + +\begin{document} +This is some preamble text that you enter yourself. + +Below is a command that will automatically generate seven paragraphs +of text that is commonly used for examples in this field. + +\lipsum[1-7] +\end{document} + diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-b.png b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-b.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e04dc080e --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-b.png diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-b.tex b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-b.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b62a9a4a3f --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-b.tex @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{lipsum} + +\begin{document} +This is some preamble text that you enter yourself. + +\section{Text for the first section} +\lipsum[1] + +\subsection{Text for a subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[2-3] + +\subsection{Another subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[4-5] + +\section{The second section} +\lipsum[6] + +\subsection{Title of the first subsection of the second section} +\lipsum[7] +\end{document} diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-c.png b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-c.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5c7ac325d --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-c.png diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-c.tex b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-c.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9659807047 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-c.tex @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{lipsum} + +\begin{document} +This is some preamble text that you enter yourself. + +\section{Text for the first section} +\lipsum[1] + +\subsection{Text for a subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[2-3] +\label{labelone} + +\subsection{Another subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[4-5] +\label{labeltwo} + +\section{The second section} +\lipsum[6] + +Refer again to \ref{labelone}. +Note also the discussion on page \pageref{labeltwo} + +\subsection{Title of the first subsection of the second section} +\lipsum[7] +\end{document} diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-d.tex b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-d.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd2c307786 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-d.tex @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{lipsum} + +\title{Test document} +\author{Your name \\ \url{you@example.com}} +\date{2009-Oct-12} +\begin{document} +\maketitle +\tableofcontents +\newpage + +This is some preamble text that you enter +yourself.\footnote{First footnote.}\footnote{Second footnote.} + +\section{Text for the first section} +\lipsum[1] + +\subsection{Text for a subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[2-3] +\label{labelone} + +\subsection{Another subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[4-5] +\label{labeltwo} + +\section{The second section} +\lipsum[6] + +Refer again to \ref{labelone}.\cite{ConcreteMath} +Note also the discussion on page \pageref{labeltwo} + +\subsection{Title of the first subsection of the second section} +\lipsum[7] + +\begin{thebibliography}{9} +\bibitem{ConcreteMath} +Ronald L. Graham, Donald E. Knuth, and Oren Patashnik, +\textit{Concrete mathematics}, +Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1995. +\end{thebibliography} +\end{document} diff --git a/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-e.tex b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-e.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c40326107 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/first-latex-doc/latex-second-e.tex @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,amssymb} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{lipsum} + +\title{Test document} +\author{Your name \\ \url{you@example.com}} +\date{2009-Oct-12} +\begin{document} +\maketitle +\tableofcontents +\newpage + +This is some preamble text that you enter +yourself.\footnote{First footnote.}\footnote{Second footnote.} + +\section{Text for the first section} +\lipsum[1] + +\subsection{Text for a subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[2-3] +\label{labelone} + +\subsection{Another subsection of the first section} +\lipsum[4-5] +\label{labeltwo} + +\section{The second section} +\lipsum[6] + +Refer again to \ref{labelone}.\cite{ConcreteMath} +Note also the discussion on page \pageref{labeltwo} + +\subsection{Title of the first subsection of the second section} +\lipsum[7] + +There are $\binom{2n+1}{n}$ sequences with $n$ occurrences of +$-1$ and $n+1$ occurrences of $+1$, and Raney's lemma +tells us that exactly $1/(2n+1)$ of these sequences have all +partial sums positive. + +Elementary calculus suffices to evaluate $C$ if we are clever enough +to look at the double integral +\begin{equation*} + C^2 + =\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} e^{-x^2} \mathrm{d}x + \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} e^{-y^2} \mathrm{d}y\;. +\end{equation*} + +Solve the following recurrence for $n,k\geq 0$: +\begin{align*} + Q_{n,0} &= 1 + \quad Q_{0,k} = [k=0]; \\ + Q_{n,k} &= Q_{n-1,k}+Q_{n-1,k-1}+\binom{n}{k}, \quad\text{for $n,k>0$.} +\end{align*} + +Therefore +\begin{equation*} +a\equiv b\pmod{m} +\qquad\Longleftrightarrow\qquad +a\equiv b \pmod{p^{m_p}}\quad\text{for all $p$} +\end{equation*} +if the prime factorization of $m$ is $\prod_p p^{m_p}$. + +\begin{thebibliography}{9} +\bibitem{ConcreteMath} +Ronald L. Graham, Donald E. Knuth, and Oren Patashnik, +\textit{Concrete mathematics}, +Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1995. +\end{thebibliography} +\end{document} |