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diff --git a/fonts/csx/docs/charset.tex b/fonts/csx/docs/charset.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8582b8cd73 --- /dev/null +++ b/fonts/csx/docs/charset.tex @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +\documentstyle[12pt,multicol]{article} + +\addtolength{\textwidth}{.5cm} + +\def\diatop[#1|#2]{{\setbox1=\hbox{{#1{}}}\setbox2=\hbox{{#2{}}}% + \dimen0=\ifdim\wd1>\wd2\wd1\else\wd2\fi% + \dimen1=\ht2\advance\dimen1by-1ex% + \setbox1=\hbox to1\dimen0{\hss#1\hss}% + \rlap{\raise1\dimen1\box1}% + \hbox to1\dimen0{\hss#2\hss}}}% +%e.g. of use: \diatop[\'|{\=o}] gives u macron acute + +\title{Standardization of Sanskrit for Electronic Data Transfer +and Screen Representation} + +\author{Dominik Wujastyk} + +\date{9 September 1990} + +\begin{document} + +\maketitle + +\section*{Text Encoding Guidelines} +During the 8th World Sanskrit Conference, Vienna 1990, a panel +was held to discuss the standardization of Sanskrit for +electronic data transfer. Participants were encouraged to +acquire and study the {\em ACH-ACL-ALLC Guidelines for the +Encoding and Interchange of Machine-readable Texts}, edited by +Lou BURNARD and C.~M.~SPERBERG-MCQUEEN (Chicago and Oxford, +1990). These {\em Guidelines\/} are available free of charge in +Europe from L.~Burnard, Oxford University Computing Service, 13 +Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, England, or in the USA from C. M. +Sperberg-McQueen, Computer Center (MIC 135), University of +Illinois at Chicago, Box 6998, Chicago, IL 60680, USA. + +\section*{7-bit coding for file transfer} +Professor H. Falk presented a program called {\tt CONVERT} that +conveniently converts any coding scheme used in a data file to +any other coding scheme. This program was generously made +available at no cost, together with Turbo Pascal source code. +Prof.\ Falk also presented a very useful 7-bit, multi-byte +``mediation code'' which will be of general use for file +exchange. + +\section*{8-bit character set for text display} +Finally, although the above two provisions cover all essential +needs, the panel still felt that a standard assignment of graphic +codes for the display of Sanskrit transliteration would be +helpful. An ad hoc committee of interested parties was formed, +and two 8-bit `code pages'' were designed. One, {\em Classical +Sanskrit\/} (CS), for standard use and another, {\em Classical +Sanskrit Extended\/} (CSX), which included the former, but also +provided for Vedic, MIA, Tamil and some special usages. These +code pages take as their point of departure IBM's code page 437, +the default set of character codes built into the IBM PC and +clones. The characters listed below are replacements for the +characters in code page 437 which have the same numerical code. +E.g., character number 224 in code page 437 is a Greek letter alpha +($\alpha$); CS redefines it to be a with a macron (\=a). All +codes not specified below are assumed to be as code page 437. +E.g., character number 130 is e acute (\'e). + +The codes assigned were as follow: +\begin{multicols}{2}[\subsection*{Classical Sanskrit (CS)}] +\begin{small} +\begin{tabbing} +000 \= x underdot macron acute \= (normally German eszett, xx) \kill +166 \> l tilde \> \~ l \\ +167 \> m overdot \> \.m \\ +224 \> a macron \> \a=a \\ +225 \> not used (normally German {\em eszett}, \ss) \\ +226 \> A macron \> \a=A \\ +227 \> i macron \> \a=\i \\ +228 \> I macron \> \a=I \\ +229 \> u macron \> \a=u \\ +230 \> U macron \> \a=U \\ +231 \> r underdot \> \d r \\ +232 \> R underdot \> \d R \\ +233 \> r underdot macron\> \diatop[\a=|\d r]\\ +234 \> R underdot macron\> \diatop[\a=|\d R]\\ +235 \> l underdot \> \d l \\ +236 \> L underdot \> \d L \\ +237 \> l underdot macron\> \diatop[\a=|\d l]\\ +238 \> L underdot macron\> \diatop[\a=|\d L]\\ +239 \> n overdot \> \.n \\ +240 \> N overdot \> \.N \\ +241 \> t underdot \> \d t \\ +242 \> T underdot \> \d T \\ +243 \> d underdot \> \d d \\ +244 \> D underdot \> \d D \\ +245 \> n underdot \> \d n \\ +246 \> N underdot \> \d N \\ +247 \> s acute \> \a's \\ +248 \> S acute \> \a'S \\ +249 \> s underdot \> \d s \\ +250 \> S underdot \> \d S \\ +251 \> not used (normally the root sign $\surd$) \\ +252 \> m underdot \> \d m \\ +253 \> M underdot \> \d M \\ +254 \> h underdot \> \d h \\ +255 \> H underdot \> \d H \\ +\end{tabbing} +\end{small} +\end{multicols} +\newpage + +\begin{multicols}{2}[\subsection*{Classical Sanskrit Extended (CSX) additions} +The following definitions are added to the above Classical +Sanskrit character set.] +\begin{small} +\begin{tabbing} +000 \= x underdot macron acute \= (normally German eszett, xx) \kill +159 \> r underbar \> \b r \\ +168 \> a macron breve \> \diatop[\u|\a=a]\\ +169 \> i macron breve \> \diatop[\u|\a=\i]\\ +170 \> u macron breve \> \diatop[\u|\a=u]\\ +173 \> n underbar \> \b n \\ +181 \> a macron acute \> \diatop[\a'|\a=a]\\ +182 \> a macron grave \> \diatop[\a`|\a=a] \\ +183 \> i macron acute \> \diatop[\a'|\a=\i] \\ +184 \> i macron grave \> \diatop[\a`|\a=\i] \\ +189 \> u macron acute \> \diatop[\a'|\a=u] \\ +190 \> u macron grave \> \diatop[\a`|\a=u] \\ +198 \> r underdot acute\> \diatop[\a'|\d r] \\ +199 \> r underdot grave\> \diatop[\a`|\d r] \\ +207 \> r underdot macron acute\> + \raisebox{.25ex}{\rlap{\a'{ }}}\diatop[\a=|\d r] \\ +208 \> a tilde \> \~ a \\ +209 \> i tilde \> \~ \i \\ +210 \> u tilde \> \~ u \\ +211 \> e tilde \> \~ e \\ +212 \> o tilde \> \~ o \\ +213 \> e breve \> \u e \\ +214 \> o breve \> \u o \\ +215 \> l underbar \> \b l \\ +\end{tabbing} +\end{small} +\end{multicols} +\bigskip +These codes were chosen to have minimal impact on the standard +IBM PC extended ASCII character set, but they are intended for +general use in displaying Indological texts on any machine with +an 8-bit (or greater) character set. + +Dr. D. Wujastyk will be making available small programs that load +the above character sets into the EGA or VGA display adaptors, +for IBM PC users. + +The above character codings have been approved by R. E. Emmerick, +H. Falk, R. Lariviere, G. J. Meulenbeld, H. Nakatani, M. +Tokunaga, D.~Wujastyk, P. Schreiner and M. Yano. + +These character codings are primarily intended for use in +situations when the screen display of these characters is +requried, such as in word processing. They may, of course, be +used for data transfer, where, however, a 7-bit code (perhaps with +multi-byte character codes) is still preferable. One such 7-bit +scheme is provided hy H. Falk (see 2. above). + +\newpage + +These character codings are currently open for discussion and +comments may be directed to Dr. D. Wujastyk at + +Wellcome Institute, + +183 Euston Road, + +London NW1 2BN, England,\\ +or by email at + +Bitnet/Earn: {\tt dow@harvunxw} or + +Janet: {\tt D.Wujastyk@uk.ac.ucl}. + + +After a suitable lapse of time, the character sets will be sent +to ECMA and ISO for registration. They will also be sent to the +Text Encoding Initiative for registration, probably with H. +Falk's 7-bit coding scheme. + +Such registration in no way enforces these schemes; it merely +makes them available centrally for reference. Other schemes may +also be registered in the future. + +\end{document} + |