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+1 PSPRINT
+
+USAGE: PSPRINT file [qualifiers]
+
+The PSPRINT command can be used to print a DVI file produced by
+TeX (or LaTeX), a raw PostScript file, or an ordinary text file,
+on a variety of PostScript printers.
+The currently supported devices include the Apple LaserWriter,
+the Linotronic 300 and DEC's PrintServer 40.
+
+To print your own copy of the "PSPRINT User Guide" just type:
+
+ $ PSPRINT TEX_PS:USERGUIDE
+
+2 TeX_Output
+
+PSPRINT looks for a DVI file by default. To print FOO.DVI, simply type:
+
+ $ PSPRINT FOO
+
+PSPRINT first translates FOO.DVI into a temporary PostScript file called
+FOO.TMP. The order in which pages are translated depends on the printer
+(the default order can be overridden by the /REVERSE or /NOREVERSE options).
+If no errors are found, FOO.TMP is sent to an appropriate queue
+where it is printed (and then deleted).
+
+2 PostScript_Output
+
+PostScript is a complete programming language with a powerful set of
+operators for manipulating text and graphics. A PostScript program is an
+ordinary text file. If you give it a name like FOO.PS then sending it to
+the printer is simple:
+
+ $ PSPRINT FOO.PS
+
+If you decide to use some other file extension you'll have to add the /PS
+qualifier. The PSPRINT User Guide explains how to include PostScript
+graphics in a TeX or LaTeX document.
+
+People who want to write PostScript programs will need to get the
+PostScript Language Reference Manual and PostScript Language Tutorial
+and Cookbook. Both books are by Adobe Systems Incorporated and
+published by Addison-Wesley.
+
+2 Text_Output
+
+To print a normal text file, just use any file type except DVI or PS:
+
+ $ PSPRINT FOO.LIS
+
+Your output will have 66 lines per page, and any lines more than 80
+characters long will be truncated. Use the /LANDSCAPE qualifier to
+rotate the paper so that you can have lines up to 132 characters long
+(but only 50 lines per page).
+
+Type `PSPRINT FOO.PS /TEXT' if you want to print a PostScript program
+rather than have it interpreted.
+
+The /TWO and /WIDE qualifiers also print text files but format the
+output so that two "pages" appear on each sheet of paper; each page
+has a header line showing the file name and page number.
+In both cases there will be 60 lines per page, but for /TWO each line
+can be up to 80 characters long, or up to 132 characters for /WIDE.
+
+These text file facilities may not be available on all types of
+printers, especially the Linotronic.
+
+2 Errors
+
+If PSPRINT detects one or more errors while translating a DVI file then
+the temporary PostScript file is automatically deleted and nothing
+is printed --- not even a banner page.
+The sort of errors you are most likely to see include:
+
+ Page off paper (paper is ...
+ The current page contains material beyond one or more paper edges.
+ Use DVItoVDU to see where the problem lies.
+
+ Couldn't open font file: ...
+ Your DVI file uses a font at a non-existent magnification.
+ Try a different font magnification in your source file.
+
+ Couldn't open \special file: ...
+ PSPRINT could not locate the given \special file.
+ Check the file's spelling and/or directory location.
+
+Error messages apply to the most recently displayed DVI/TeX page.
+Any message that does not make sense probably indicates some sort of bug.
+Please save a copy of the input file and report the problem to your
+local TeXnician.
+
+If a DVI file uses a large number of fonts (or a few very large fonts)
+then you might get an error page with the message "VMerror".
+This indicates that PostScript's "virtual memory" has been exhausted,
+and the rest of your job will be flushed.
+This problem is unlikely to worry most people, particularly on the
+PrintServer 40 which has much more VM than the LaserWriter or Linotronic.
+If the problem does occur, there are a few things you can try:
+
+ - On a LaserWriter or PrintServer 40, try printing a few pages
+ at a time, or use /CONSERVE_VM.
+ - On a Linotronic, try using /LOWRES.
+ (Note that /CONSERVE_VM is the default for this device.)
+
+If you are sending your own PostScript program then an error should
+produce some sort of message on the printed output.
+If you are using a PrintServer 40 then specify /NOTIFY to get all
+PostScript messages sent back to your terminal.
+
+2 PostScript_Fonts
+
+PSPRINT allows the use of PostScript fonts in a TeX or LaTeX document.
+Such fonts can be used at any desired size and no character bitmaps need
+to be downloaded since the shape information is resident in the printer.
+The necessary typesetting information required by PSPRINT is extracted
+from TFM files (TeX Font Metric files). A TFM file name beginning
+with "ps-" is used to indicate a resident PostScript font.
+
+Each type of PostScript printer provides a different set of fonts.
+To be able to use a particular PostScript font you need to know the
+name of its corresponding TFM file and whether it actually exists in
+the printer you want to use. For each PostScript printer currently
+supported there exists a file containing just such information:
+
+ TEX_PS:LW_FONTS.PS - converts TFM names into LaserWriter fonts
+ TEX_PS:LINO_FONTS.PS - converts TFM names into Linotronic 300 fonts
+ TEX_PS:PS40_FONTS.PS - converts TFM names into PrintServer 40 fonts
+
+PSPRINT also uses these files, so you can be reasonably confident
+about the validity of their contents.
+
+There are some important differences between PostScript fonts and
+the Computer Modern fonts normally used with TeX:
+
+ - PostScript fonts usually contain up to 256 characters, with many
+ empty locations. Computer Modern fonts also have up to 256 characters
+ but typically use only the first 128 locations (with very few empty).
+ - When a PostScript font is scaled to the same design size as a CM font
+ it tends to look darker and larger. You need to be a bit careful
+ when mixing the two font designs.
+ - The standard TeX commands for accents and foreign letters need to be
+ redefined for a PostScript text font. The file TEX_PS:PSTEXT.TEX
+ contains the required macro definitions; note that a few commands
+ (\j, \aa, \AA, \t) cannot be used at all. Another file,
+ TEX_PS:PSFONTS.TEX, inputs these macros and illustrates the use
+ (and abuse) of PostScript fonts in a TeX document.
+
+2 PostScript_Graphics
+
+PSPRINT allows the inclusion of PostScript graphics using TeX's \special
+command. The \special argument is interpreted as a file name, possibly
+followed by a space and additional PostScript text that will be treated
+as a separate line at the start of the given file.
+For example, "\special{figure.ps 2 1 scale}" will cause PSPRINT to write
+a line containing "2 1 scale" to the temporary output file, followed by
+the contents of FIGURE.PS, a file assumed to be in your current directory
+and containing some sort of PostScript program. (The figure will be
+twice as wide as one included by \special{figure.ps}.)
+The PSPRINT User Guide has more details.
+
+2 Qualifiers
+
+/DEVICE=printer_type
+
+This qualifier tells PSPRINT which type of PostScript printer is to be
+used. The currently supported devices are:
+
+ LW - for an Apple LaserWriter (the default)
+ LINO - for a Linotronic 300
+ PS40 - for DEC's PrintServer 40
+
+/DVI
+
+Force PSPRINT to assume the input file is a DVI file.
+
+/PS
+
+Force PSPRINT to assume the input file is a PostScript program.
+
+/TEXT
+
+Force PSPRINT to assume the input file is an ordinary text file.
+
+/TWO
+
+Like /TEXT but the output is formatted so that two "pages"
+(both 60 lines by 80 columns) appear on each sheet of paper,
+along with a header line showing the file name and page number.
+
+/WIDE
+
+Like /TEXT but the output is formatted so that two wide "pages"
+(both 60 lines by 132 columns) appear on each sheet of paper,
+along with a header line showing the file name and page number.
+
+/BANNER
+(only if /DEVICE=LW or LINO)
+
+By default PSPRINT produces a banner page for each job sent to
+a LaserWriter or Linotronic. Use /NOBANNER if you don't want such a page.
+
+/MANUALFEED
+(only if /DEVICE=LW)
+
+Use this qualifier if you want to manually feed paper into the LaserWriter.
+As soon as the printer sees your job it will wait for you to feed in each
+sheet of paper (it will normally wait up to a minute).
+
+/LOWRES
+(only for a DVI file and /DEVICE=LINO)
+
+By default, TeX output on the Linotronic is printed at 1270 dots per inch.
+The temporary file created by PSPRINT will typically be very large.
+If /LOWRES is given then 635 dots per inch will be used, reducing both the
+size of the temporary file (by roughly three quarters) and the likelihood
+of memory problems. The print quality will of course be poorer but you'll
+probably need a magnifying glass to clearly see the difference.
+
+/SIZE=page_size
+(only if /DEVICE=LINO)
+
+This qualifier specifies the page image size and orientation.
+Possible values are A4P (the default), A4L, A5P, A5L, B5P, B5L and A3L.
+The P stands for portrait and the L for landscape.
+(Don't confuse the landscape orientation with /LANDSCAPE which rotates
+the output within the page image, regardless of the /SIZE value.)
+
+/CUTMARKS
+(only if /DEVICE=LINO)
+
+This qualifier controls the appearance of cut marks on Linotronic output.
+These marks define the edges of the page image. /CUTMARKS is the default;
+use /NOCUTMARKS to suppress them.
+
+/CONSERVE_VM
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+Use /CONSERVE_VM to force PSPRINT to conserve the printer's virtual memory
+at the expense of creating a larger output file (character bitmaps will be
+downloaded more often). If /DEVICE=LINO then /CONSERVE_VM is the default;
+if /DEVICE=LW or PS40 then /NOCONSERVE_VM is the default.
+
+/PAGES=first:final
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+Print a selected subrange from the DVI file. "first" and "final" can
+select either DVI page numbers (positive integers) or TeX page numbers.
+Assuming TeX generated the 5 pages `[0] [1] [2.1] [2.2] [3]', here are some
+examples of how you could use /PAGES:
+
+ $ PSPRINT FOO /PAGES=2 --- prints the 2nd DVI page (as would [1])
+ $ PSPRINT FOO /PAGES=4: --- prints the last two pages
+ $ PSPRINT FOO /PAGES=:4 --- prints the first four pages
+ $ PSPRINT FOO /PAGES=[2] --- prints [2.1] and [2.2]
+ $ PSPRINT FOO /PAGES=1:[2] --- prints the first four pages
+ $ PSPRINT FOO /PAGES=[2.2]: --- prints the last two pages
+
+Note that "first" and "final" are optional; they default to the first and
+last DVI pages respectively. Omitting ":final" entirely sets "final" equal
+to "first".
+
+A TeX page specification is of the form [i0.i1...i9]. i0 to i9 are
+integers separated by periods and represent the 10 counter values that
+TeX stores with each DVI page. Any number of these integers may be absent
+and trailing periods may be omitted. An absent integer will match any value
+in the corresponding counter. Many DVI pages may match a particular TeX page
+specification; if "first" is a TeX page then the LOWEST matching DVI page is
+selected, and if "final" then the HIGHEST matching page is selected.
+
+/INCREMENT=i
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+Assuming f is the first DVI page selected (where f is either 1 or the start
+of a /PAGES subrange) then an increment of i tells PSPRINT to print pages
+f, f+i, f+2i, f+3i, ... , f+ni, where f+ni is <= the final DVI page selected.
+The primary use of /INCREMENT is to simplify the printing of a document on
+both sides of the paper. For example, if FOO.DVI has 8 pages then the
+following steps will produce a two-sided document on a LaserWriter:
+
+ 1. $ PSPRINT FOO /INC=2 /REV /NOBANNER ! prints DVI pages 7, 5, 3, 1
+
+ 2. Remove the 4 pages from the output tray and carefully put them back
+ into the input cassette so that page 1 remains face up and its
+ top edge goes into the printer first. (If FOO.DVI had 7 pages then
+ you would only need to remove the top 3 pages from the output tray.)
+
+ 3. $ PSPRINT FOO /INC=2 /PAG=2: /NOREV ! prints DVI pages 2, 4, 6, 8
+
+Note that the use of /REVERSE with /INCREMENT has no effect on WHICH pages
+are printed; it simply changes the ORDER in which they are done.
+
+If you intend doing a lot of two-sided printing then it is a good idea to
+define some symbols in your LOGIN.COM file to avoid making mistakes:
+
+ $ ODDPAGES :== PSPRINT/PAG=1:/INC=2/REV/NOBANNER
+ $ EVENPAGES :== PSPRINT/PAG=2:/INC=2/NOREV
+
+/REVERSE
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+Use /REVERSE to force PSPRINT to print pages in descending order,
+or /NOREVERSE to force PSPRINT to print pages in ascending order.
+By default PSPRINT prints DVI pages in an order determined by the type of
+printer you are using. /NOREVERSE is the default for all devices
+currently supported by PSPRINT.
+
+/MAGNIFICATION=number
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+Override the DVI magnification with a number 1000 times the desired
+magnification. The given number should correspond to one of
+TeX's \magstep values; see chapter 4 of The TeXbook.
+
+/UNITS=xx
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+Set the units of dimensions displayed in some PSPRINT messages
+(e.g., if the page is off the paper). "xx" can be one of:
+
+ IN for inches (the default)
+ CM for centimetres (2.54cm = 1in)
+ MM for millimetres (25.4mm = 1in)
+ PT for points (72.27pt = 1in)
+ PC for picas (12pc = 1pt)
+ BP for big points (72bp = 1in)
+ PX for pixels (depends on resolution of printer)
+
+/STATS
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+Display statistics on the rules, fonts, characters and \special commands
+used on each page.
+
+/RESOLUTION=i
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+i is a positive integer specifying the resolution of your printer
+in pixels per inch (horizontally and vertically).
+
+/HOFFSET=dimension
+/VOFFSET=dimension
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+These qualifiers allow you to shift the printed location of each page
+according to the given dimensions. For example, "/hoffset=-0.5in" would
+move each printed page half an inch to the left.
+A "dimension" is any integer or real number (possibly negative) followed
+by a two-letter unit: IN,CM,MM,PC,PT,BP,PX (same as those for /UNITS).
+
+/XSIZE=posdimen
+/YSIZE=posdimen
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+PSPRINT will automatically check each DVI page to make sure it fits
+within the given paper dimensions.
+A "posdimen" is any positive integer or real number followed by a
+two-letter unit: IN,CM,MM,PC,PT,BP,PX (same as those for /UNITS).
+
+/PSPREFIX=string
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+PSPRINT needs to read TFM files if your DVI file uses printer-resident
+PostScript fonts (for which bitmapped information does not exist).
+All such fonts must have names beginning with the given prefix.
+
+/TFM_DIRECTORY=directory
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+Specifies the location of TFM files for printer-resident PostScript fonts.
+
+/DUMMY_FONT=file
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+This qualifier indicates the naming convention and format of all font files.
+The given file must represent an unmagnified font.
+
+/FONT_DIRECTORY=directory
+(only for a DVI file)
+
+Use this qualifier to override the default directory from which PSPRINT
+gets all its character bitmap information. You'll probably never need to
+use this facility, but it might come in handy if you are using Metafont
+to create your own fonts or modify existing ones. The following commands
+tell PSPRINT to first search for fonts in the current directory ([]) before
+looking in the default directory (assumed to be TEX_DISK:[TEX.PK]):
+
+ $ DEFINE DIRLIST [],TEX_DISK:[TEX.PK]
+ $ PSPRINT FOO.DVI /FONT="DIRLIST:"
+
+Use /STATS to see the default font directory at your site.
+
+/LANDSCAPE
+
+To get "landscaped" output.
+(Normal output is said to have a "portrait" orientation.)
+If given a DVI file, PSPRINT will check each page to make sure it fits
+within the rotated paper.
+
+/DELETE
+
+To delete the input file after printing.
+
+/NOTIFY
+
+To be notified when the print job has finished.
+On the PrintServer 40 you'll also see any PostScript messages,
+a particularly useful feature when debugging a PostScript program.
+
+/COPIES=number
+
+To specify up to 100 copies.
+Use of this facility is not encouraged. Note in particular that
+copies of a multiple-page document will NOT be collated.
+
+/NOTE=string
+
+To include a note on your banner page. For example, to get your output
+put in box 99, just type `PSPRINT /NOTE="BOX 99" ...'.
+
+/QUEUE=string
+
+To override the default queue used by PSPRINT.
+(Some sites may have more than one printer of the same type.)
+
+/OUTPUT=file
+
+To send the PostScript code generated by PSPRINT to a file rather than
+to a printer. Since PSPRINT generates device-specific PostScript code
+you should only send this file to a PostScript printer of the type
+that PSPRINT intended to use.
+
+/PREP=file
+(only for a DVI or PS file)
+
+To include a modified Laser Prep file that will allow you to send
+PostScript files created on a Macintosh by the Command-F method.
+If you just type /PREP then a default file (TEX_PS:LASERPREP70.PS) will
+be used.