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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
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+ L---+---T1----+-T--2----T----3--T-+----4T---+---T5----+-T--6----T----R--T-+--r
+ PC-WriTeX
+
+ A conversion routine from PC-Write to TeX
+
+ v2.3, January 1989
+
+ .r:e
+ INTRODUCTION
+ PC-Write is a wordprocessing and text editing system from QuickSoft
+(Seattle) for the IBM PC and compatible computers. TeX is a
+typesetting system originally written by Prof Don Knuth of Stanford
+University and available for many kinds of computer including the IBM
+PC and compatibles.
+
+This documentation describes a PC-Write--to--TeX conversion routine
+written as a print driver file pr.doc. It was devised to allow a
+user's PC-Write wordprocessing files to be printed to disk in a form
+which TeX can accept directly as input, retaining as many of the
+formatting attributes as possible of the original file. The .doc
+filetype was chosen because TeX is used for printing documents, but
+you can rename it and the relevant driver files to anything suitable
+to your needs. The definition files have been placed in the public
+domain. Only the controls described later in this document can be
+expected to work: no responsibility can be taken for what may happen
+if you use other PC-Write controls which are not documented here. In
+particular, you should not use any Dot Guide Lines apart from a ruler
+line, .S (line-spacing) and .R (typeface selection).
+
+A hard-disk PC is assumed, as TeX requires it for all normal usage.
+This documentation reflects v2.71 of PC-Write, v3.3 of DOS and v2.94
+of TeX.
+
+ .q:e
+
+
+INSTALLATION
+ Before copying any of these files, rename your existing PC-Write
+printer driver file pr.def to something meaningful, according to your
+ordinary printer type, for example
+
+ rename \pcwrite\pr.def pr.eps (if you have an Epson printer)
+ rename \pcwrite\pr.def pr.tos (if you have an Toshiba printer)
+ rename \pcwrite\pr.def pr.hp2 (if you have a HP series II)
+
+ This is to make sure your existing files do not get overwritten.
+You can still print all your existing files exactly as before by
+making sure they have the relevant file-type, eg ".eps", ".tos",
+".hp2", etc. The new pr.def provided with PC-WriTeX contains only
+the command "!pr.*" and will thus look for a driver file with the
+same file-type as the file being printed.
+
+Copy all the files from floppy disk into the PC-Write subdirectory
+on your hard disk by typing the command
+
+ copy a:*.* \pcwrite
+
+ (substituting "b:" if you are using that floppy drive instead of
+"a:"). If you call your PC-Write subdirectory something other than
+"\pcwrite" then substitute that as well.
+
+Copy the TeX definitions file into your texinput subdirectory,
+whatever it is called for the version you have; for PC-TeX, for
+example, you type
+
+ copy \pcwrite\pcwsty.tex \pctex\texinput
+
+ This ensures that both PC-Write and TeX can find the files when they
+want them. It is assumed that you can use the file-type ".doc" for
+files you are going to convert with this routine. If this is not the
+case, you must choose another file-type and then type the command
+
+ rename \pcwrite\*.doc *.xxx
+
+ where xxx is the file-type you have chosen.
+
+USAGE
+ Run the PR program, either from DOS by typing PRfilename.DOC or by
+using the F1F7 keystroke sequence from within the PC-Write edit
+program (in which case, confirm the filename suggested by pressing
+[the Return or Enter key]).
+
+When the output selection menu appears, press F9 for "print to a file"
+and give the output file name as the name of your text file but with
+the file-type of .TeX (and press ).
+
+When the main print menu appears, press F10 for "print continuous".
+This will create an output file with the file type of .TeX which will
+contain all the TeX commands necessary to typeset your file.
+
+  It is assumed, of course, that you have TeX available to
+ process this file. Commercially, it costs somewhere between $75
+ and $500 (50--300) depending on the implementation you buy.
+ There are several versions for the IBM PC and compatibles
+ including some in the public domain: addresses are at the end of
+ this document. It is also available for most minis and
+ mainframes.
+
+FEATURES
+ As far as possible, the basic mnemonic PC-Write controls have been
+followed, but one or two have changed, and several new ones have been
+added (notably the "colour code" Alt keys now perform different
+typesetting instructions). As many as possible (nearly all) of the IBM 
+PC math and accent characters have been kept, and the line and
+box-drawing characters can be used for simple tables.This is a change
+from v2.1, where line and box characters were undefined. The printer
+driver definition file pr.doc and the style-file pcwsty.TeX contain
+the TeX definitions needed to access these facilities.
+
+TeX works by taking a plain ASCII text file with embedded formatting
+commands (produced by this routine direct from your PC-Write file).
+TeX commands consist of plain alphabetic characters or punctuation,
+flagged by a preceding backslash. Thus for example, a change to
+italics (AltI in PC-Write) is translated to the TeX command "\it".
+Raw TeX is of course capable of vastly finer control over typefonts,
+spacing and layout than even a sophisticated wordprocessor such as
+PC-Write, so this conversion routine should only be taken as a guide
+or first stage. TeX creates a .DVI file (DeVice-Independent file)
+which contains all the binary stuff needed for a TeX print driver to
+typeset the output on your printer.
+
+Because of the fine-quality nature of typesetting, a few points need
+attention when you are creating or editing a document for typesetting:
+
+ a. TeX assumes that a blank line in your file means "start a new
+ paragraph". This doesn't necessarily mean you get a blank line as
+ such when it is typeset; instead, you get whatever
+ spacing/indentation combination you specify for a new paragraph
+ (PC-WriTeX assumes a flexible amount between and a
+ line-height, with about 1/3|| indentation --- in fact, a "blank
+ line" in typesetting output is a misleading concept, as
+ typesetting dimensions are almost infinitely variable). What it
+ does mean is that existing texts which use only indentation for a
+ new paragraph, with no blank line, must be edited so that they
+ have blank lines between paragraphs. Indentation can be turned
+ off for a paragraph by starting the paragraph with AltX (this is
+ automatic for the first paragraph after a major break, such as
+ a new section, new page or a table).
+
+ b. Disregard all apparent multiple linebreaks and multiple spaces in
+ the output file: TeX makes its own decisions about linebreaking,
+ and swallows all multiple spaces. In any case, TeX justifies a
+ whole paragraph at a time, instead of line by line. The only
+ thing to check for is places where PC-Write might have inserted
+ an extra blank line of its own in the middle of a paragraph
+ because it thinks a pagebreak is due. These will have to be
+ removed manually, otherwise TeX will start a new paragraph at
+ these points (it doesn't happen very often).
+
+ c. Distinguish carefully between the four following symbols, which
+ are often misused:
+
+  HYPHEN ("-"), used between two words, like "PC-Write": type a
+ single "-" to get this;
+
+  EN-RULE ("--"), used between two numbers, between a number and a
+ word, or where a hyphen may seem visually incorrect, such as
+ "37--55", "4--part" or "X--rated": type a double "--" to get one;
+
+  EM-RULE ("---"), used between phrases --- sometimes called a
+ dash: type a triple "---" for this;
+
+  MINUS-SIGN ("-"), used in math mode: type a single "-" within
+ AltRs.
+
+  They are all different, so take care! Most importantly, never let 
+ a line end with a hyphen character or dash in your source (.DOC) 
+ file. TeX treats a line-end as a space, so you would get a space
+ following your hyphen or dash when it is typeset (like "line-end"
+ above).
+
+ d. Use the grave accent character (`) for an opening single-quote,
+ and the apostrophe (') for a closing single-quote, so that they
+ look `like this'. Opening and closing double quotes are handled
+ "automatically", like that, provided you have paired them correctly.
+
+ A few extra TeX commands have been added which can be invoked within
+AltZs:
+
+ e. wider makes the paragraph indentation 1 inch wide
+
+ f. normal sets it back to 20pt again
+
+ g. tighter halves the inter-paragraph space. Repeated usage halves
+ it again. looser doubles the space (again and again)
+
+ h. front makes the first page number zero, and omits the page number
+ from the bottom of the front page
+
+ i. some of the translations of the Alt-characters have been
+ tokenised into macros to make the TeX sourec more readable. This
+ should not affect processing in any way.
+
+
+wider
+
+ The following Alt keys have been implemented. The ones marked with an
+asterisk (*) are slightly different from plain PC-Write. Those marked
+with a dagger (dag) have changed since v1.2 of PC-WRITeX.
+
+ Alt A "align" --- not used. Simple tabulation can now be done using
+ the IBM PC box-drawing character set. See below for
+ detailsdag
+
+ Alt B "bold" --- prints bold type. Note that this is different from the
+ bold extended type invoked by AltS
+
+ Alt C "compressed" --- changes to 10pt type (8pt design size: normal 
+ type is 12pt of 10pt design size)
+
+*Alt D "double" --- changes to 20pt type (of 17pt design size)
+
+ Alt E "lite" --- prints in sans-serif type (this has a slightly 
+ narrower "set" than normal roman, hence its use for the 
+ lite style) 
+
+*Alt F "fast" --- has no effect and cannot be redefined because it
+ automatically gets inserted into the top of the output file by
+ PC-Write, where there would be no way of turning it off
+
+*Alt G "dot-line" --- only works for .R:x typeface changes and
+ line-spacing specifications such as .S:4 at the moment. It might
+ be possible to get it re-interpreted in a later version
+
+ Alt H "higher" --- prints real superscriptslikethis, but you need to
+ use CtlSpace between words within the superscript, if your
+ superscript itself has several words
+
+ Alt I "italic" --- prints in italic type. Note that this is different
+ from the slanted type invoked by AltU
+
+*Alt J "jump" --- causes a 1em vertical space (about 1 line space).
+ This should usually go on a line by itselfdag
+
+ Alt K "keep" --- forces end of line without a paragraph spacedag
+
+ Alt L "lower" --- prints real subscriptslikethis, but you need to use
+ CtlSpace between words within the subscript, if your subscript
+ itself has several words
+
+ Alt M "em" --- skips 1em space horizontally (about 2 characters worth
+ if this was fixed-width setting). Use CtlSpace if you want
+ to insert a single character's worth of fixed spacedag
+
+ Alt N "number" --- itemises paragraphs. The number or symbol must
+ follow the AltN with no space, but must have a space after
+ it, eg triangleleft3.char'040The symbol char'040 represents
+ a single space character will itemise paragraph 3.
+ If you have set the indentation amount wide enough (eg with
+ AltZ, starparindent=.5instar), you can also itemise
+ paragraphs with things in another font, like this paragraph
+ (triangleleft heartsuitAltNheartsuitchar'040).
+ To get an indented paragraph with no mark, use triangleleft
+ (AltNCtlSpace). The PC-Write usage of double and triple
+ AltNs is not implementeddag
+
+*Alt O "narrower" --- narrows the margins for the duration of the
+ paragraph it startsdag
+
+ Alt P "pica" --- prints in small capitals, conventionally used for
+ acronyms like IBM, DEC etc
+
+*Alt Q "quitpage" --- forces a new page (replaces the AltT of plain
+ PC-Write)dag
+
+*Alt R "realmath" --- encloses mathematics typesetting, such as
+ E=mc or 4r^3/3 You can now use TeX's curly braces within
+ linear math mode if you need to: the forward slash also
+ works as TeX's \over command (eg triangle4^3/3triangle),
+ so large linear fractions will need manual tweaking to stop
+ them being interpreted as \overs.dag
+
+ Alt S "shadow" --- prints in bold extended type as distinct from the 
+ slightly narrower plain bold of AltB
+
+ Alt T "top" --- PC-Write's hard page-break character cannot be
+ redefined, should not be used, and may have unpredictable
+ effects, like breaking your paragraphs where you don't want to.
+
+ Alt U "underline" --- prints in slanted type rather than underlining, 
+ because underlining is almost non-existant in typography 
+
+*Alt V "variable" --- prints in typewriter type. This is the opposite
+ of variable-width type, but AltF cannot be used, and even
+ QuickSoft themselves do this for some printer implementations.
+ If you need variable-width typewriter type (eg IBM Executive
+ typewriter style) modify PCWSTY.TeX to use font cmvtt10 instead
+ of cmtt10
+
+*Alt W "underscore" --- underscores the text if you really need to:
+ this can be handy in terminal session example documentation
+ for indicating what the user types, as opposed to what is
+ displayed or printed by the machine
+
+*Alt X "xindent" --- turns off indentation at the start of a paragraph
+ (this is conventional at the start of a document and after
+ itemised or narrowed paragraphsdag
+
+*Alt Y "centerline" --- centers a line (put it at start and end of
+ line: you can still use ShfF8 to center the line on the
+ screen because TeX doesn't care about extra spacesdag
+
+*Alt Z "literal" --- surrounds a literal TeX command to be passed
+ unchanged to the output file, eg, starTeXstar. Do not put
+ backslashes themselves in the command string. This is the
+ technique used to do the examples in the sections on AltN and
+ AltR abovedag
+
+ The following characters (decimal numbers) have special meanings:
+
+124 "vertical bar" --- works as a prime mark for feet (|) and
+ inches (||); use character 221 [6<accent>`] for a real
+ vertical bar ()
+
+126 "tilde" --- prints as a math "sim" sign (~) except in typewriter
+ type where you get an ordinary tilde (~)
+
+169 [[<accent>`] --- prints the "carriage-return" symbol ()
+
+176 [Shf Ctl F1] --- starts a footnoteAuto-numbered, as you may
+ have noticed.dag
+
+177 [Shf Ctl F2] --- ends the footnote text. Also terminates
+ right-flush lines (see character 222 below)dag
+
+178 [Shf Alt F1] --- starts verbatim mode (literal small-typewriter
+ type): useful for quoting screen displays, programs or terminal
+ sessions (end with character 219 below), egdag
+
+ if n < r then n := n + 1
+ else begin print_totals; n := 0;
+ end
+ while p > 0 do
+ begin q := link(p); free_node(p); p := q;
+ end;
+
+
+219 [Shf Alt F2] --- terminates verbatim mode. Both this and
+ character 178 should go on a line by themselvesdag
+
+221 [6<accent>`] --- prints a real vertical bar (, was 179)dag
+
+222 [Shf F5] --- flags a line to be printed flush right: terminate
+ the line with character 177 [ShfF6]. This is useful for
+ doing home addresses on letters:dag
+ PO Box 1000
+ Haga Alto, Ca 94321
+
+223 [8<accent>`] --- prints a horizontal rule across the page
+ (was 196)dag
+
+244 [(<accent>`] --- prints the whole sign
+
+245 [)<accent>`] --- prints the copyright sign ()
+
+248 [%<accent>`] --- prints a circle (). Use superscripting to
+ get the degrees sign.
+
+249 [.<accent>`] --- prints a centered dot ()dag
+
+254 [#<accent>`] --- prints a normal round bullet ()
+
+255 [@<accent>`] --- print a math "times" sign (). Be careful when
+ justifying text in PC-Write because this is treated as a
+ discretionary space.
+
+normal
+
+ Simple tabulation is now possible using the box-drawing character set.
+The single-line set (PC-Write's ShfAlt set) can be used to produce an
+unruled table like this:
+
+ Ŀ
+ TABULATION Now possible
+ Ĵ
+ in TeX via PC-Write
+
+
+and the double-line set (PC-Write's ShfCtl set) can be used to produce
+ruled tables:
+
+ ͻ
+ TABULATION Now possible
+ ͹
+ in TeX via PC-Write
+ ͼ
+
+The only restriction is that only completely ruled or completely
+unruled tables will work. Partially-ruled tables will not function.
+
+It has been necessary to make some small changes to three other 
+facilities which were in v2.1:
+
+  The character code 206 (double-line crossover (ShfCtlS), which
+ gave the TeX logotype, has been removed. To get "TeX" you now
+ need to use the AltZ literal (starTeXstar).
+
+  The character code 179 (ShfAltV), which gave a vertical rule,
+ is now needed for tables. A plain vertical rule is now got with
+ character 221 (6<accent>`).
+
+  The character code 196 (ShfAltG), which gave a horizontal
+ rule, is also needed for tables: use character 223 (8<accent>`)
+ for horizontal rules.
+
+The complete character set available by direct translation of PC-Write
+files using this routine is thus:
+
+ ͻ
+ @ ` ff
+ ͹
+ ! A a fi
+ ͹
+ " B b ffi
+ ͹
+ # C c fl
+ ͹
+ $ D d ffl
+ ͹
+ % E e
+ ͹
+ & F f
+ ͹
+ ' G g
+ ͹
+ ( H h
+ ͹
+ ) I i
+ ͹
+ * J j
+ ͹
+ + K k
+ ͹
+ , L l
+ ͹
+ - M m
+ ͹
+ . N n
+ ͹
+ / O o
+ ͹
+ 0 P p
+ ͹
+ 1 Q q
+ ͹
+ 2 R r
+ ͹
+ 3 S s
+ ͹
+ 4 T t
+ ͹
+ 5 U u
+ ͹
+ 6 V v
+ ͹
+ 7 W w
+ ͹
+ 8 X x
+ ͹
+ 9 Y y
+ ͹
+ : Z z
+ ͹
+ ; [ }
+ ͹
+ < \ |
+ ͹
+ = ] }
+ ͹
+ > ^ ~
+ ͹
+ ? _
+ ͼ
+
+ Note that the translation of ligatures ff, fi, ffi, fl and ffl is automatic.
+
+Peter Flynn University College, Cork, Ireland
+<cbts8001@vax1.ucc.ie> [INTERNET]
+<cbts8001@iruccvax> [BITNET]
+<pflynn@bytecosy> [BIX]
+
+ A. PC-TeX is supplied by Personal TeX Inc, 12 Madrona Avenue, Mill
+ Valley, CA 94941, USA (+1 415 388 8853) and by UniTeX Systems,
+ 12 Dale View Road, Beauchief, Sheffield S8 0EJ, UK (+44 742
+ 351489)
+
+ B. Micro-TeX, originally supplied by Addison-Wesley, is now
+ defunct.
+
+ C. TeX is a new product from ArborText Inc, 535 West William
+ Street, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA (+1 313 996 3566).
+
+ D. DOS-TeX is a shareable implementation available for US$75 ($85
+ outside the US) from Gary Beihl, Electronetics Inc, 119
+ Jackrabbit Run, Round Rock, TX 78664, USA. Gary can be
+ contacted by electronic mail as <beihl@wahb.cad.mcc.com> on the
+ DARPA Internet.
+
+ E. SB-TeX is a public domain implementation by Wayne Sullivan
+ and Peter Breitenlohner, available from SIMTEL--20, Aston,
+ Washington, Heidelberg and other network file servers.
+
+ F. Turbo-TeX costs from $99 (PC) to $2000 (VAX) from the Kinch
+ Computer Company, Turbo-TeX Marketing, 501 South Meadow Street,
+ Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. They will also supply C source for the
+ PC for $650.
+
+ G. PC-Write is a ShareWare product of QuickSoft Inc, 219 First
+ Avenue North #224, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, cost $89.
+