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author | Norbert Preining <norbert@preining.info> | 2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900 |
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committer | Norbert Preining <norbert@preining.info> | 2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900 |
commit | e0c6872cf40896c7be36b11dcc744620f10adf1d (patch) | |
tree | 60335e10d2f4354b0674ec22d7b53f0f8abee672 /macros/latex/contrib/withesis/figs.tex |
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diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/withesis/figs.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/withesis/figs.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..776db75b4e --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/withesis/figs.tex @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +\chapter{Figures and Tables}\label{quad} +This chapter\footnote{Most of the text in this chapter's introduction is from {\em How to +\TeX{} a Thesis: The Purdue Thesis Styles}} shows some example ways of incorporating tables and figures into \LaTeX{}. +Special environments exist for tables and figures and are special because they are +allowed to {\em float}---that is, \LaTeX{} doesn't always put them in the exact place +that they occur in your input file. An algorithm is used to place the floating environments, +or floats, at locations which are typographically correct. This may cause endless frustration +if you want to have a figure or table occur at a specific location. There are a few +methods for solving this. + +You can exert some influence on \LaTeX{}'s float placement algorithm by using +{\em float position specifiers}. These specifiers, listed below, tell \LaTeX{} +what you prefer. +\begin{tabbing} +{\tt hhhhhh} \= ``bottom'' \= \kill +{\tt h}\> ``here'' \> do not move this object \\ +{\tt p}\> ``page'' \> put this object on a page of floats \\ +{\tt b}\> ``bottom'' \> put this object at the bottom of a page\\ +{\tt t}\> ``top'' \> put this object at the top of a page\\ +\end{tabbing} + +Any combination of these can be used: +\begin{quote}\tt\singlespace\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure}[htbp] + ... +\caption{A Figure!} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim}\end{quote} + +In this example, we asked \LaTeX{} to ``put the figure `here' if possible. If it +is not possible (according to the rule encoded in the float algorithm), put it on the +next float page. A float page is a page which contains nothing but floating objects, +{\em e.g.} a page of nothing but figures or tables. If this isn't possible, try to put it +at the `top' of a page. The last thing to try is to put the figure at the `bottom' of +a page.'' + +The remainder of this chapter deals with some examples of what to put into the figure, +the ellipsis (\ldots ) in the example above. + +\section{Tables} +Table~\ref{pde.tab1} is an example table from the UW Math Department. +\begin{table}[htbp] +\centering +\caption{PDE solve times, $15^3+1$ +equations.\label{pde.tab1}} +\begin{tabular}{||l|l|l|l|l|l||}\hline +Precond. & Time & Nonlinear & Krylov +& Function & Precond. \\ + & & Iterations & Iterations & calls & solves \\ \hline +None & 1260.9u & 3 & 26 & 30 & 0 \\ + &(21:09) & & & & \\ \hline +FFT & 983.4u & 2 & 5 & 8 & 7 \\ +&(16:31) & & & & \\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{table} +The code to generate it is as follows: +\begin{quote}\tt\singlespace\begin{verbatim} +\begin{table}[htbp] +\centering +\caption{PDE solve times, $15^3+1$ +equations.\label{pde.tab1}} +\begin{tabular}{||l|l|l|l|l|l||}\hline +Precond. & Time & Nonlinear & Krylov +& Function & Precond. \\ + & & Iterations & Iterations & calls & solves \\ \hline +None & 1260.9u & 3 & 26 & 30 & 0 \\ + &(21:09) & & & & \\ \hline +FFT & 983.4u & 2 & 5 & 8 & 7 \\ +&(16:31) & & & & \\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{table} +\end{verbatim}\end{quote} + +\section{Figures} +There are many different ways to incorporate figures into a \LaTeX{} +document. \LaTeX{} has an internal {\tt picture} environment and +some programs will generate files which are in this format and can +be simply {\tt include}d. In addition to \LaTeX{} native {\tt picture} +format, additional packages can be loaded in the {\tt\verb|\documentstyle|} +command (or using the {\tt input} command) to allow \LaTeX{} to process +non-native formats such as PostScript. + +\subsection{\tt gnuplot} +The graph of Figure~\ref{gelfand.fig2} + was created by gnuplot. For simple graphs this is a + great utility. For example, if you want a sin curve in your thesis + try the following: +\begin{quote}\tt\singlespace\begin{verbatim} + (terminal window): gnuplot + (in gnuplot): + set terminal latex + set output "foo.tex" + plot sin(x) + quit +\end{verbatim}\end{quote} +This will generate a file called {\tt foo.tex} which can be read in +with the following statements. +\begin{figure}[htbp] +\centering +\input{fig2.tex} +\caption{Gelfand equation on the ball, $3\leq n \leq 9$. +\label{gelfand.fig2}} +\end{figure} +\begin{quote}\tt\singlespace\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure}[htbp] +\centering +\input{fig2.tex} +\caption{Gelfand equation on the ball, $3\leq n \leq 9$. +\label{gelfand.fig2}} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim}\end{quote} +One advantage to using the native \LaTeX{} {\tt picture} environment +is that the fonts will be assured to agree and the pictures can be viewed +in the {\tt .dvi} viewer. + +\subsection{PostScript} +Many drawing applications now allow the export of a graphic to the +{\em Encapsulated PostScript} format. These files have a suffix of +{\tt .EPS} or {\tt .EPSF} and are similar to a regular PostScript +file except that they contain a {\em bounding box} which describes +the dimensions of the figure. + +In order to include PostScript figures, the {\tt epsfig} (or {\tt psfig} +depending on the system you are using) style file must be included in either +the {\tt\verb|\documentstyle|} command or the preamble using the {\tt input} command. + +Figure~\ref{vwcontr} is a plot from Matlab. +\begin{figure}[htbp] +\centerline{ +\psfig{figure=vwcontr.eps,width=5in,angle=0} + } +\caption{$\sigma$ as a Function of Voltage and Speed, $\alpha = 20$} +\label{vwcontr} +\end{figure} +The commands to include this figure are +\begin{quote}\tt\singlespace\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure}[htbp] +\centerline{ +\psfig{figure=vwcontr.ps,width=5in,angle=0} + } +\caption{$\sigma$ as a Function of Voltage and Speed, $\alpha = 20$} +\label{vwcontr} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim}\end{quote} + +Observe that the {\tt \verb|\psfig|} command allows the scaling of the figure +by setting either the {\tt width} or {\tt height} of the figure. If only one +dimension is specified, the other is computed to keep the same aspect ratio. +The figure can also be rotated by setting {\tt angle} to the desired value in +degrees. |