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author | Norbert Preining <norbert@preining.info> | 2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900 |
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committer | Norbert Preining <norbert@preining.info> | 2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900 |
commit | e0c6872cf40896c7be36b11dcc744620f10adf1d (patch) | |
tree | 60335e10d2f4354b0674ec22d7b53f0f8abee672 /macros/latex/contrib/withesis/bibs.tex |
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diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/withesis/bibs.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/withesis/bibs.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5fd197ae13 --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/withesis/bibs.tex @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +% bibs.tex +% +% This chapter briefly talks about BibTex and is mostly +% copied from a similar chapter from "How to TeX a Thesis: +% The Purdue Thesis Styles" by James Darrell McCauley and +% Scott Hucker +% + +\newcommand{\BibTeX}{{\sc Bib}\TeX} + +\chapter{Citations and Bibliographies} +This chapter is an edited form of the same chapter from {\em How to +\TeX{} a Thesis: The Purdue Thesis Styles} by James Darrell McCauley and +Scott Hucker. + +The task of compiling and formatting the sources cited in papers can +be quite tedious, especially for large documents like theses. A program +separate from \LaTeX{}, called ``\BibTeX{},''can be used to automate this task~\cite{lamport}. + +\section{The Citation Command} +When referring to the work of someone else, the {\tt \verb|\cite|} command is used. +This generates the citation in the text for you. In the above paragraph, the command +{\tt \verb|\cite{lamport}|} was used after the word ``task.'' The formatting of your +citation is handled by either the document style or a style option. The default citation +style uses the number system (a number in square brackets). Other citation styles +may use the author-date system, (Lamport, 1986) or the superscript$^3$ system. + +\section{Bibliography Styles} +The way that a reference is formatted in your bibliography depends on the bibliography +style, which is specified near the beginning of your document with the\break +{\tt \verb|\bibliographstyle{file}|} command. The file {\tt file.bst} is the name of the +bibliography style file. Standard \BibTeX{} bibliography style files include {\tt plain}, +{\tt unsrt}, {\tt alpha}, and {\tt abbrev}. The bibliography style governs whether or not +references are sorted, whether first names or initials are used for authors, whether or +not last names are listed first, the location of the year in the references (after the +author or at the end of the reference), {\em etc.}. You may be required by your +department or major professor to follow as style for a particular journal. If so, then you +will need to find a \BibTeX{} style file to suit your needs. Most major journals have +style files. If you cannot locate an appropriate \BibTeX{} style file, then choose the +one which is closest and then edit the {\tt .bbl} file by hand. See Section~\ref{BBL} +for a brief discussion on the {\tt .bbl} file. Some common, but non-standard \BibTeX{} +styles include +\begin{tabbing} +{\tt jacs-new.bstxxxx}\= {\em Journal of the American Chemical Society}\kill +{\tt acm.bst}\>The Association for Computing Machinery\\ +{\tt ieeetr.bst}\> The {\em IEEE Transactions} style\\ +{\tt jacs-new.bst}\> {\em Journal of the American Chemical Society} +\end{tabbing} + +\section{The Database} +The {\tt \verb|\bibliography{file}|} command is placed in your input file at the location +where the ``List of References'' section\footnote{or ``Bibliography'' +if {\tt \char92 altbibtitle } has been specified in the preamble.} would be. It specifies the name (or names) of +your bibliographic data base, {\tt file.bib}. An example entry in a \BibTeX{} +database is: +\begin{quote}\singlespace\tt\begin{verbatim} +@book{ lamport86 , + author = "Leslie Lamport" , + title = "\LaTeX: A Document Preparation System" , + publisher = "Addison--Wesley Pub.\ Co." , + year = "1986" , + address = "Reading, MA" +} +\end{verbatim}\end{quote} + +The citation key is the first field in this entry--- citing this book in a \LaTeX{} +file would look like +\begin{quote}\singlespace\tt\begin{verbatim} +According to Lamport~\cite{lamport86} ... +\end{verbatim}\end{quote} +The tilde ({\tt \verb|~|}) is used to tie the word ``Lamport'' to the citation +generated. The space between these words is then unbreakable---the word ``Lamport'' +and the citation \cite{lamport} will not be split across two lines if they happen to occur +near the end of a line. + +A listing of all entry types with their required and optional fields is given in +Appendix~\ref{bibrefs}. There are several tools which exist to help in editing a \BibTeX{} +file, however, their use is beyond the scope of this manual and can be found by searching +the net. You can simply use a plain text editor like {\tt vi} or {\tt WordPad} to edit +and create the database files. + +There are several rules which you must follow when creating your database. Authors are +always listed by their full names, first name first, and multiple authors are separated +by {\tt and}. For example +\begin{quote}\singlespace\tt\begin{verbatim} +author = "John Jay Park and Frederick Gene Watson and + Michelle Catherine Smith", +\end{verbatim}\end{quote} +If you were using {\tt abbrv} as your {\tt bibliographystyle}, a reference for these +authors may look like: +\begin{quote} +J.J. Park, F.G. Watson, and M.C. Smith \ldots +\end{quote} + +Some styles only capitalize the first word of the title. If you use any acronyms or +other words that should always be capitalized in titles, then they should be +enclosed in {\tt \{\}}'s ({\em e.g.}, {\tt \{Fortran\}}, {\tt \{N\}ewton}). +This protects the case of these characters. + +There are several other rules for \BibTeX{} listed in~\cite{lamport} which should be +referred to because they are not discussed here. + +\section{Putting It All Together} +\label{BBL} +To aid the reader in understanding how all of this works together, the following +excerpt was taken from Lamport~\cite{lamport}: +\begin{quotation}\singlespace +When you ran \LaTeX{} with the input file {\tt sample.tex}, you may have +noticed that \LaTeX{} created a file named {\tt sample.aux}. This file, +called an {\em auxiliary} file, contains cross-referencing information. Since +{\tt sample.tex} contains no cross-referencing commands, the auxiliary file it +produces has no information. However, suppose that \LaTeX{} is run with an +input file named {\tt myfile.tex} that has citations and bibliography-making +[or referencing] commands. The auxiliary file {\tt myfile.aux} that it produces +will contain all of the citation keys and the arguments of the {\tt \verb|\bibliography|} +and {\tt\verb|\bibliographystyle|} commands. When \BibTeX{} is run, it reads +this information from the auxiliary file and produces a file named {\tt myfile.bbl} +containing \LaTeX{} commands to produce the source list \ldots The next time +\LaTeX{} is run on {\tt myfile.tex}, the {\tt \verb|\bibliography|} command reads +the {\tt bbl} file ({\tt myfile.bbl}), which generates the source list. +\end{quotation} + +Thus, the command sequence for a source file called {\tt main.tex} which is going to +use \BibTeX{} would be: +\begin{quote}\singlespace\tt\begin{verbatim} +latex main.tex +bibtex main +latex main +latex main +\end{verbatim}\end{quote} +The first \LaTeX{} is to collect all of the citations for \BibTeX{}. Then +\BibTeX{} is run to generate the bibliography. \LaTeX{} is run again to +incorporate the bibliography into the document and the run the last time to +update any references (like pages in the Table of Contents) which changed when +the bibliography was included. |