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committer | Norbert Preining <norbert@preining.info> | 2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900 |
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diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/example/example.dvi b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/example/example.dvi Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..79b152337e --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/example/example.dvi diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/example/example.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/example/example.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15a810c943 --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/example/example.tex @@ -0,0 +1,601 @@ +% example.tex +% An example input file demonstrating the sw option of the SVJour +% document class for the journal: Shock Waves +% (c) Springer-Verlag HD +%----------------------------------------------------------------------- +% +\documentclass[sw,bibself]{svjour} +\usepackage{graphics} + +\newcommand{\fakefignlabel}[2]{\refstepcounter{figure}\label{#2}% +\addtocounter{figure}{-1}\def\thefigure{#1}} + +\journalname{Shock Waves} + +\begin{document} + +\title{Evolution of a laser-generated shock wave in iron\\ +and its interaction with martensitic transformation\\ +and twinning} +\titlerunning{Evolution of a laser-generated shock wave in iron} + +\author{I.V. Erofeev\inst{1} \and V.V. Silberschmidt\inst{2} \and +A.A. Kalin\inst{1} \and V.A. Moiseev\inst1 \and I.V. Solomatin\inst3} + +\mail{V.V. Silberschmidt} + +\institute{Moscow Institute for Physical Engineering, +31 Kashirskoe Av., 115409 Moscow, Russia\and +Lehrstuhl A f\"ur Mechanik, TU M\"unchen, Boltzmannstr. 15, +D-85746 Garching b. M\"unchen, Germany\and +Mining Institute, Ural Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, +78A Karl Marx Street, 614007 Perm, Russia} + +\date{Received 9 August 1994 / Accepted 30 June 1997} + + +\abstract{ +Effects of shock waves +(generated by a nanosecond laser pulse in plates of +Armco-iron) on structural changes are analysed. Localisation of processes of +martensitic transformation and twinning -- for various values of +laser pulse duration -- is studied both experimentally and numerically. +A proposed model accounts for interaction of shock wave propagation and +structure changes. Realisation of martensitic transformation and +twin formation influences wave front modification. A stress amplitude +decrease with increasing distance from a microcrater determines, +together +with the pulse duration, a character of spatial localisation of +structural changes. Numerical results are compared with experimental data +and serve as a basis for additional interpretation of phenomena. +\keywords{Nanosecond laser pulse, +Martensitic transformation, Twinning, Localisation}} + +\maketitle + + +\section{Introduction} +Generation of a shock wave (SW) with an amplitude of 50--200 GPa in +metals +by a nanosecond laser pulse is accompanied by a series of phenomena: +plasma generation, plastic deformation, phase transitions, spall damage, +etc. (\cite[1991]{ref1}). Characteristic +features of an initiation +and evolution of these processes are determined by parameters of +external action and material properties. Despite the differences, +all these phenomena also have some common features: +\begin{itemize} + +\item +significant level of energy and force threshold values and +their dependence on pulse duration; + +\item +marked instability; + +\item +spatial non-uniformity and localisation in mesoscopic volumes +(\cite{ref13}). +\end{itemize} + +\noindent +These similarities allow to examine these divers processes in terms +of a general approach. +Investigations of threshold phenomena under the SW generation +in metals were carried out for various types of the concentrated +energy flux (CEF): high-energy ion beams (\cite{ref17,ref18}); +relativistic electrons; super-high-speed loading (\cite{ref14,ref16}) +and laser radiation (\cite{ref15,ref5}; \cite[1984a,\,b]{ref8}, +\cite{ref4,ref7,ref6,ref12,ref11}). + +A parameter $Q = q/E$ +($q$ - intensity of CEF, $E$ - Young modulus of +target material) was proposed by Averin et al. (1990; 1991) +as a characteristic of the CEF -- metal interaction. +Another important parameter is a pulse duration $t_{i}$, +which sufficiently influences generation, +development, and localisation of threshold phenomena +for a level of $Q$ = $10^{5} - 10^{6}$ m/s +(this level corresponds to experimental conditions under study). + + + +\section{Model} +Propagation of a shock wave generated by a nanosecond laser pulse in +Armco-iron is accompanied by martensitic transformation (MT) and twinning. +These processes are the main deformation mechanisms because the plastic +relaxation time (and the characteristic time of thermoconductivity) is +sufficiently large compared to the pulse duration. +An adequate account of these deformation processes presupposes +an introduction of additional internal variables for characterisation +of structural changes. Evidently, such variables must be of the same tensor +order as traditional deformation parameters. + +A deformation response to martensitic transformation is linked with +the reconstruction of the crystalline lattice. A symmetric second-order +tensor $m_{ik}$ (\cite[1990]{ref21}; \cite{ref23,ref3}) +can be introduced as a microscopic parameter. +A respective macroscopic parameter $s_{ik} = \big< m_{ik}\big>$ +is an independent thermodynamic variable +and is obtained by the averaging of $m_{ik}$ over all possible states +in a representative unit cell. +In contrast to martensitic transformation, twinning is a shear process +and thus the traceless second-order tensor $g_{kl}$ +(\cite{ref20}) is introduced as a microscopic +parameter. A macroscopic parameter $d_{kl}$ +which describes the deformation reaction of a medium to twinning can be +obtained by means of averaging $g_{kl}$. + +\begin{figure} +\fakefignlabel{1a,b}{fig1} +\centering\leavevmode\includegraphics{sw059f1.ps} +\caption{Dependence of free energy on parameter of +martensitic transformation: ${\bf a}$ before and after transformation +(curves 1 and 2, respectively) and parameter of +twinning; ${\bf b}$ for various levels of stress} +\end{figure} + +An analysis of the system's thermodynamic potential is a prerequisite +for the elaboration of macroscopic constitutive equations. Statistical +thermodynamics was used for the study of characteristic features of the +free energy change under martensitic transformation (\cite[1990]{ref21}; +\cite{ref23} and twinning (\cite{ref20}). A dependence of the free +energy on macroscopic parameters, characterising the extent of +martensitic transformation and of twinning are shown in +Fig.\,\ref{fig1}. A number, position, and depth of energy minima +corresponding to stable states of the system are determined by levels of +temperature and acting force. + +Macroscopic equations describing the interaction of\break +plastic deformation and +structural changes can be obtained in terms of the thermodynamics of +irreversible processes. A dissipative function has the following form: +% +\begin{equation} +TP_{s} = \sigma_{ik} e_{ik}^{\mathrm{p}} +- {{\partial F} \over {\partial s_{ik}}} +{{\partial s_{ik}} \over {\partial t}} +- {{\partial F} \over {\partial d_{ik}}} +{{\partial d_{ik}} \over {\partial t}} \ge 0, +\label{eq:1} +\end{equation} +% +where $T$ is the temperature; $P_{s}$ is an entropy production, +which is positive for +irreversible processes and equal to zero for stable states according to +the second law of thermodynamics; $\sigma_{ik}$ +is a macroscopic stress tensor; +$e_{ik}^{\mathrm{p}} = e_{ik} - e_{ik}^{\mathrm{e}}$ +is an irreversible part of a strain rate tensor (indices e and p are +used for elastic and plastic parts, respectively); +$F$ is the free energy, +${ {\partial F} \over {\partial s_{ik} } }, +{ {\partial F} \over {\partial d_{ik} } },$ +are thermodynamic forces, acting on the system, when the values of +respective parameters differ from equilibrium values. +Macroscopic constitutive equations can be derived from the dissipative +function in approximations of local equilibrium and direct proportionality +of the thermodynamic forces and fluxes: +\begin{eqnarray} +\sigma_{ik}&=&L_{iklm}^{11} e_{lm}^{\mathrm{p}} +- L_{iklm}^{12} \dot{s}_{lm} +- L_{iklm}^{13} \dot{d}_{lm} ,\nonumber\\ +% +{ {\partial F} \over {\partial s_{ik} } }&=& +L_{iklm}^{21} e_{lm}^{\mathrm{p}} +- L_{iklm}^{22} \dot{s}_{lm} +- L_{iklm}^{23} \dot{d}_{lm} ,\nonumber\\ +% +{ {\partial F} \over {\partial d_{ik} } }&=& +L_{iklm}^{31} e_{lm}^{\mathrm{p}} +- L_{iklm}^{32} \dot{s}_{lm} +- L_{iklm}^{33} \dot{d}_{lm} , +\label{eq:2} +\end{eqnarray} +% +where $L_{iklm}^{rq}$ are kinetic coefficients, the +matrix of which (in respect to $r$ and $q$) +is symmetric and positively determined due to the Onsager reciprocal +relations. The dot over parameters means time differentiating. + + +The system of Eqs.~(\ref{eq:2}) contains a relaxation equation for +stresses +and two kinetic equations for parameters of martensitic transformation and +twinning. Thus, the changes in the stress state and spatio-temporal +evolution of structural changes can be studied for arbitrary loading +conditions in terms of boundary value problems. The analysis of metal +behaviour under quasi-static loading has shown +(\cite[1990]{ref21}; \cite{ref20,ref23}) that the system (\ref{eq:2}) +describes the main properties of structural transformations: +deformation hysteresis of MT and its shift along the temperature axis under +the load change, polar character of twinning realisation, etc. + +Considering an additive character of contributions\break from +transformations, the full free energy of the system can be written as +% +\begin{equation} +F = F_{0} + F_{1} + F_{2}, +\end{equation} +% +where $F_{0}$ is a part of the free energy that does not depend on the +structural variables and, thus, it does not influence the form of the state +laws in (\ref{eq:1}); $F_{1}$ and $F_{2}$ are free energy parts +correlated, respectively, to martensitic transformation and twinning. + +A dependence of the free energy on the structural parameters, obtained in +statistical thermodynamics analysis shown in Fig.\,\ref{fig1}, can be +approximated +by polynomials of respective parameters. For the uniaxial case studied +in this paper, these approximations can be written in the following form: +\begin{equation} +\begin{array}{rl} +F_{1}={}&\displaystyle \frac{A_{1}}{2} s^{2} ++ \frac{B_{1}}{3} s^{3} ++ \frac{C_{1}}{4} s^{4}\\[2mm] +&- \Big (D_{1} \sigma - M \big (T - T_{p} \big) \Big) s, +\end{array} +\end{equation} +\begin{equation} +F_{2} = {{A_{2}} \over 2} d^{2} + {{B_{2}} \over 3} d^{3} ++ {{C_{2}} \over 4} d^{4} - D_{2} \sigma d, +\end{equation} +where $A_{i}, B_{i}, C_{i}, D_{i}, M > 0$, +$(i = 1,2)$ are material parameters, which are functions of +temperature and mechanical structural parameters in a common case; +$T_{p}$ is the transformation temperature. + +\section{Experimental study and formulation\\%ill\break +of the problem} +Characteristic features of threshold phenomena localisation, +as was shown by \cite{ref2}, are mostly distinct for a pulse +duration less than 30 ns. The mono-pulse laser action can be considered +as a surface one and the radiation--material interaction is then +accounted +for by a simulation of the pressure change on the frontal surface of +the target (\cite{ref6}). + +\begin{figure} +\fakefignlabel{2a--c}{fig2} +\centering\leavevmode\includegraphics{sw059f2.ps} +\caption{Evolution of shock wave profile: +${\bf a}$, kinetics of martensitic transformation; +${\bf b}$ and of twinning; and ${\bf c}$. +Pulse duration 23 ns; time: 1, 20 ns, 2, 40 ns, 3, 60 ns} +\end{figure} + +Respective experimental methods are described in detail by +\cite{ref2}, Merzhievskii and Titov +(1987), and Burdonskii et al. (1984). +Two lasers were used for shock wave generation in metals. +Their characteristics are: pulse energy $E_{i}$ up +to 60 J and up to 100 J with a pulse duration $t_{i}$ +of 23 ns and 3 ns, respectively. +The pulses had a triangular form with a uniform energy distribution over +a focus point. These experiments were carried out in a vacuum camera +at a +residual pressure of 1 Pa. The specimens were radiated under an angle +$\alpha = 30^{\circ}$ between a laser pulse direction +and a perpendicular to the target surface +in order to exclude a re-refraction from the target upon the optical +system. + +High pressure, a short pulse duration, and a small square of a loaded +region complicate a direct measurement of the shock wave amplitude in +the studied case. Thus, an experimental data treatment is used together +with the numerical modelling (\cite{ref12,ref8}) for the pressure +estimation in SW. The pulse amplitude, $P_{m}$, can be approximated by +the following relation: +\begin{equation} +P_{m} = kq^{n}, +\label{eq:6} +\end{equation} +where $n = 0.4$--0.8, and $k$ is an empirical coefficient. +The values of parameters $n$ and $k$ +depend upon the radiation intensity. +In the case under study the intensity equals +2 $\times$ 10$^{12}$ W/cm$^{2}$ for a pulse duration +of 23 ns and 5 $\times$ 10$^{12}$ W/cm$^{2}$ for 3 ns. +The data from Eliezer et al. (1990), with +$k = 1.3 \times 10^{-5}$, $n = 0.4$, +suit such intensity values best. +Then calculations based on (\ref{eq:6}) give $P_{m}$ = 80 GPa for 23 ns +and $P_{m}$ = 160 GPa +for 3 ns. + +Plates of Armco-iron of width $l = 500$~$\mu$m +were used in the described experiments. +The specimens were obtained by means of powder metallurgy +with subsequent annealing at $T = 900 ^{\circ}$C +and air-cooling. +The final size of grains in plates was approximately $100~\mu$m. +After radiation, the specimens were separated along the direction of +the shock wave propagation and a metallographic analysis was +carried out. +Structural changes were also studied using microhardness tests at different +points of target section. + +For numerical simulations of threshold phenomena in shock waves +generated by the laser pulse radiation of the Armco-iron plate the +system (\ref{eq:2}) was used together with the pulse conservation law. +With the plate width being sufficiently less than the two other +dimensions, a uniaxial analysis (along the width of the plate) can be +utilised for the investigation of characteristic features of the +shock-wave evolution and the kinetics of structural changes. A +dimensionless form of these equations is +\[ +{ {\partial v^{*}} \over {\partial t^{*}} } = {1 \over {\rho}} +{ {\partial \sigma^{*}} \over {\partial \xi} },\] +\[ +{ {\partial \sigma^{*}} \over {\partial t}^{*} } = +\kappa { {\partial v ^{*}} \over {\partial \xi} } - +{1 \over {\tau}} {\sigma}^{*} - +{\gamma_{1}} { {\partial s} \over {\partial t}^{*} } - +{\gamma _{2}} { {\partial d} \over {\partial t}^{*} },\] +\[ +{ {\partial s} \over {\partial t}^{*} } = +- {1 \over {\tau}_{s}} { {\partial F _{1}} \over {\partial s} +},\] +\begin{equation} +{ {\partial d} \over {\partial t}^{*} } = +- {1 \over {\tau}_{d}} { {\partial F _{2}} \over {\partial d} }, +\end{equation} + +\noindent +where $v^{*} = {{t_{1}} \over l} v_{z}$; +$t^{*} = {t \over t_{i}}$; +$\sigma^{*} = {{\sigma_{zz}} \over G}$; +$G = {E \over {2(1+{\mu})}}$; +${\xi} = {z \over l}$; +${\kappa} = { {2} \over {3(2-m)}}$; +$m = { {3K} \over {3K+2G}}$; +$K = {E \over {1-2{\mu}}}$; +${\tau}_{s} = {{L^{22}} \over {t_{i}}}$; +${\tau}_{d} = {{L^{33}} \over {t_{i}}}$; + +\noindent +${\gamma}_{1} = {{L^{13} L^{22} G} \over +{L^{11} L^{22} L^{33} - L^{22} {(L^{13})^{2}} - L^{33} {(L^{12})^{2}}}}$; + +\noindent +${\gamma}_{2} = {{L^{12} L^{33} G} \over +{L^{11} L^{22} L^{33} - L^{22} {(L^{13})^{2}} - L^{33} {(L^{12})^{2}} }}$. + +\noindent +Here $v_{z}$ is a rate vector component; ${\rho}$ is the material +density; +$z, {\xi}$ are normal and dimensionless co-ordinates; +${\tau}$ is the Maxwell relaxation time; $E$, Young's modulus; +${\mu}$, Poisson coefficient; $L^{ij}$ ( $i,j$ = 1,2,3) +are scalar parameters -- the first terms of expansion of kinetic +coefficients $L_{klmn}^{ij}$ +with respect to structural parameters (\cite{ref3}). +Considering the independence of MT and twinning processes +and accounting for the difference in characteristic times of relaxation +and structural transformation, one can assume $L^{ij}$ +$(i >1, i {\not=} j) {\rightarrow} 0$. + +Then, the boundary conditions are: +\[ +{\upsilon}^{*} (1, t) = 0, +\] +\begin{equation} +{\sigma}^* = \left\{\begin{array}{l} +2 \tilde {\sigma}_{\mathrm{a}}t^{*},\\[2pt] +2 \tilde {\sigma}_{\mathrm{a}}^{*}{(1-t^{*})},\\[2pt] +0 +\end{array}\right.\qquad +\begin{array}{rcl} +t^{*}&\leq&1/2,\\[2pt] +1/2&<&t^{*} \leq 1,\\[2pt] +t^{*}&>&1, +\end{array} +\label{eq:8} +\end{equation} +% +where $\tilde\sigma_{\mathrm{a}}$ is the dimensionless pulse +amplitude. Initial conditions have the following form: +\begin{equation} +s({\xi},0) = 1, \upsilon({\xi},0) = \sigma^{*}({\xi},0) = d({\xi},0) = 0. +\label{eq:9} +\end{equation} + +Boundary conditions (\ref{eq:8}) correspond to the case of the triangle +stress +pulse action on the frontal target surface and the wave reflection +from the free (rear) surface. The conditions in (\ref{eq:9}) characterise +a material's initial state, the martensite phase with the absence of +twins. The numerical simulation was carried out for the interval of +a pulse duration from 3--30 ns and $\sigma_{\mathrm{a}}$ = 80 and +160 GPa. + +\begin{figure} +\centering\leavevmode\includegraphics{sw059f3.ps} +\caption{Evolution of pulse amplitude (pulse duration: +1, 3 ns, 2, 23 ns)}\label{fig3} +\end{figure} + +\section{Discussion} +Numerical analysis allows us to analyse the peculiarities of the +shock wave +propagation and the change of its configuration. The interaction of +processes of structural changes and wave propagation results +in the specificity of the threshold phenomena localisation for +a given interval of pulse duration and values of SW amplitude. + +The calculated SW configuration and structural transformation kinetics +are shown in Fig.\,\ref{fig2} for $t_{i}$ = 23 ns. +Exceeding the critical stress +threshold results in the initiation of +the $\alpha \rightarrow \varepsilon$ transformation. +It causes the step formation on the loading front. Such two-wave configuration +is characteristic for I-type phase transitions. The reverse +$\varepsilon \rightarrow \alpha$ transformation +in the unloading begins under the lower stress level because of +the hysteresis in martensitic transformation. Thus, the shorter step +is being formed on the rear front of the shock wave (Fig.\,\ref{fig2}). +The SW propagation is accompanied by a sharp decrease in its amplitude +(Fig.\,\ref{fig3} presents corresponding results of numerical +simulation) +and an increase in the distance between the loading and unloading fronts +because of the relaxation. These two processes determine specific features +of the initiation of structural transformations and their localisation. +The shock wave propagation is accompanied by the shift of the zone of +the reversible MT (Fig.\,\ref{fig2}b). The width of this zone grows with +the increase in the distance from the microcrater in connection with +the change of the SW configuration. Results of numerical simulation +correlate to experimental data obtained by the microhardness measurements +in different points of the specimen. A decrease in the wave amplitude to +a stress value less than the critical one results in the formation of a +localised finite zone of reversible +$\alpha \leftrightarrow \varepsilon$ +transformation. A sharp drop in the shock wave +amplitude in the case of the 3-ns pulse makes the initiation of the +$\alpha \rightarrow \varepsilon$ +transformation impossible and is the reason for the absence of the MT +zone in the specimens loaded with such a short pulse. + +A twin formation process is characterised by the sufficiently lower level +of threshold stress. Thus, it occurs in all intervals of pulse duration +and the localisation zone of twinning is wider, compared with +MT (Fig.\,\ref{fig2}c). An insufficient decrease in the twinning +parameter with +the wave propagation is due to the so-called elastic twinning -- +a partial reversibility of the twinning process. The width of the zone +with twins is determined at the moment when the decreasing wave +amplitude becomes less than the critical stress necessary for twin formation. +The observed absence of twins near the bottom of the microcrater +for the case $t_{i}$ = 3 ns is linked with the small width of the SW +at the initial stage of its propagation and, consequently, +with an insufficiet action time of the stress, +which is higher than the critical one, in this region. The +irreversibility +of the twinning allows the direct measurement of the twin length. +A comparison between the twin-length change, obtained from experimental +observations, and the calculated value of $t_{\mathrm{t}}$, the total +time, +when the wave amplitude in the given point is larger than the critical +twinning stress, is given in Fig.\,\ref{fig4}. The similarity of the two +curves +proves +a direct effect of the action time of overcritical load on twinning. + +\begin{figure} +\centering\leavevmode\includegraphics{sw059f4.ps} +\caption{Effective time of twinning $t_{\mathrm{t}}$ (1) and twin length (2)} +\label{fig4} +\end{figure} + +Thus, the proposed model allows the evolution of the shock wave +(generated by the nanosecond laser pulse) and its interaction with +structural transformations (MT and twinning) to be analysed. +The initiation of the structural changes is caused by the overcoming of +the threshold stress value in the loading front, and their localisation +is linked with a rapid decay of the wave amplitude during its propagation. +The structural transformations, in turn, change the shock wave +configuration and result in the division of the loading and +unloading fronts into sections, the height of the dividing point being +correlated to the critical values of stress. + +\begin{acknowledgement} +Two of the authors (VVS and IVS) gratefully +acknowledge Prof. O.B. Naimark, Dr. V.V. Belyaev and L.V.Filimonova +for fruitful discussions. +\end{acknowledgement} + +\begin{thebibliography}{88.} +\bibitem[Averin et al. 1990]{ref1} +Averin VI, Gromov VI, Erofeev MV, Kalin AA, Kuznetsov MS, Moiseev VA, +Ostafitchuk VP, Pitchurin EP (1990) Threshold Phenomena and Modification +of Structure of Al Under Laser Impulse Action. +Moscow Institute for Physical Engineering, Moscow (in Russian) +\bibitem[Averin et al. (1991)]{ref2} +Averin VI, Gromov VI, Erofeev MV, Kalin AA, Kuznetsov MS, Moiseev VA, +Ostafitchuk VP, Pitchurin EP (1991) Threshold phenomena and modification +of metal structure and properties under the action of nanosecond +laser pulses. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. 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Fizika Goreniia +i Vzryva 23:92--106 +\bibitem[Meyers et al. 1980]{ref15} +Meyers MA, Kestenbach H-J, Soares CAO (1980) The effects of temperature +and pulse duration on the shock-loading response of nickel. +Mater Sci Engng 45:143--154 +\bibitem[Naimark and Belyaev 1989]{ref16} +Naimark OB, Belyaev VV (1989) A study of the effect of microcracks on +fracture kinetics and shock wave structure in metals. +Probl Prochn 7:26--32 (in Russian) +\bibitem[Pogrebnjak et al. 1989]{ref17} +Pogrebnjak AD, Remnev GE, Kurakin IB, Ligachev AE (1989) Structural, +physical and chemical changes induced in metals and alloys exposed +to high power ion beams. Nucl Instr \& Meth Phys Res B 36:286--305 +\bibitem[Povalyaev et al. 1990]{ref18} +Povalyaev AN, Nazarov YK, Pogrebnyak (1991) Phase transitions +in metals exposed to high power ion beams (HPB). In: Karpuzov DS, +Katardjiev IV, Todorov SS (eds) Ion Implantation and Ion beam Equipment, +World Scientific pp 418--424 +\bibitem{ref19} +Romain JP, Hallodin M, Gerland M, Cottet F, Marty L (1988) +$\alpha \to \varepsilon$ phase transition in iron induced by laser +generated shock waves. +In: Schmidt SC, Holmes NC (eds) Shock Waves in Condensed Matter 1987, +Elsevier Science Publishers BV pp 787--790 +\bibitem[Silberschmidt 1992]{ref20} +Silberschmidt VV (1992) On statistical thermodynamics of deformation +twinning. Cont Mech Thermodyn 4:269--277 +\bibitem[Silberschmidt et al. 1989]{ref21} +Silberschmidt VV, Naimark OB, Filimonova LV (1989) Thermodynamics and +Structure Modelling of Martensitic Transformations, Sverdlovsk (in Russian) +\bibitem[Silberschmidt et al. 1990]{ref22} +Silberschmidt VV, Naimark OB, Filimonova LV (1990) Statistical +thermodynamics and constitutive equations of metals under martensitic +transformations. Phys Met Metallogr 69:32--38 +\bibitem[Silberschmidt and Tanaka 1993]{ref23} +Silberschmidt VV, Tanaka K (1993) Statistical thermodynamics and +constitutive equations of martensitic transformations. +Memoirs of Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, 7:95--114 +\end{thebibliography} +\end{document} diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/read.me b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/read.me new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0d4a4b5a4c --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/read.me @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +% read.me +% LaTeX class for Shock Waves +% read-me file +% (c) Springer-Verlag HD +%----------------------------------------------------------------------- +% + +This directory contains the LaTeX2e support for Shock Waves + +For a quick entry to the Shock Waves-formatting and if you are +already familiar with the SVJour class you need only the three files: +svjour.cls, svsw.clo, and template.tex. + +The following files are part of the macro package + + read.me This file + svjour.cls The document class file for Springer journals + usrguide.* User's Guide (dvi, pdf, ps [to be found in psoutput.zip]) + svsw.clo The class option file for Shock Waves + swguide.* User's Guide (tex, dvi, ps [to be found in psoutput.zip]) + template.tex A fill-in-form for a standard article with usage comments + psoutput.zip PS files of the above mentioned DVIs, + compressed due to their size. The file example.ps + contains a ready to print version that can be produced + at the publisher only, when page numbers are fixed + + subdirectory: example (contains all data of a sample article) + + example.* Example of an article (tex, dvi, ps [in psoutput.zip]) + figures.zip PS files needed by the sample file + diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/svjour.cls b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/svjour.cls new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..79d1402952 --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/svjour.cls @@ -0,0 +1,1236 @@ +% SVJour DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 1.8 for LaTeX2e +% +% LaTeX document class for Springer journals +% +%% +%% +%% \CharacterTable +%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z +%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z +%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 +%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \# +%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \& +%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \) +%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \, +%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/ +%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \< +%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \? +%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\ +%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_ +%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \| +%% Right brace \} Tilde \~} +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01] +\ProvidesClass{svjour}[1999/09/14 +^^JLaTeX document class for Springer journals - version 1.8] +\newcommand\@ptsize{} +\newif\if@restonecol +\newif\if@titlepage +\@titlepagefalse +\DeclareOption{a4paper} + {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}% + \setlength\paperwidth {210mm}} +\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}} +\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue} +\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}} +\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}} +\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@twocolumntrue} +\DeclareOption{fleqn}{\input{fleqn.clo}\AtEndOfClass{\mathindent\z@}} +\let\if@mathematic\iftrue +\let\if@numbook\iffalse +\DeclareOption{numbook}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue + \AtEndOfPackage{% + \renewcommand\thefigure{\thesection.\@arabic\c@figure}% + \renewcommand\thetable{\thesection.\@arabic\c@table}% + \renewcommand\theequation{\thesection.\@arabic\c@equation}% + \@addtoreset{figure}{section}% + \@addtoreset{table}{section}% + \@addtoreset{equation}{section}% + }% +} +\DeclareOption{openbib}{% + \AtEndOfPackage{% + \renewcommand\@openbib@code{% + \advance\leftmargin\bibindent + \itemindent -\bibindent + \listparindent \itemindent + \parsep \z@ + }% + \renewcommand\newblock{\par}}% +} +% +\let\if@runhead\iffalse +\DeclareOption{runningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iftrue} +\let\if@smartrunh\iffalse +\DeclareOption{smartrunhead}{\let\if@smartrunh\iftrue} +\DeclareOption{nosmartrunhead}{\let\if@smartrunh\iffalse} +\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse +\DeclareOption{envcountreset}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue} +\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse +\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue} +\let\if@envcntsect\iffalse +\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue} +\let\if@referee\iffalse +\DeclareOption{referee}{\let\if@referee\iftrue} +\def\makereferee{\def\baselinestretch{2}} +\let\if@instindent\iffalse +\DeclareOption{instindent}{\let\if@instindent\iftrue} +\let\if@smartand\iffalse +\DeclareOption{smartand}{\let\if@smartand\iftrue} +\let\if@spthms\iftrue +\DeclareOption{nospthms}{\let\if@spthms\iffalse} +\let\switch@texts\relax +\DeclareOption{deutsch}{\def\switch@texts{\ds@deutsch}} +\DeclareOption{francais}{\def\switch@texts{\ds@francais}} +% +\let\journalopt\@empty +\DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{sv\CurrentOption.clo}{% +\let\journalopt\CurrentOption}{% +\ClassWarning{Springer-SVJour}{Specified option or subpackage +"\CurrentOption" not found -}\OptionNotUsed}} +\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,twoside,10pt,instindent} +\ProcessOptions +\ifx\journalopt\@empty +\ClassError{Springer-SVJour}{No valid journal specified in option list}{} +\expandafter\stop +\fi +% +\if@smartrunh\AtEndDocument{\islastpageeven\getlastpagenumber}\fi +% +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00} +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01} +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02} +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03} +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04} +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05} +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06} +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07} +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08} +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09} +\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A} +% +\setlength\parindent{15\p@} +\setlength\smallskipamount{3\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@} +\setlength\medskipamount{6\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} +\setlength\bigskipamount{12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@} +\setlength\headheight{12\p@} +\setlength\headsep {16.74dd} +\setlength\topskip {10\p@} +\setlength\footskip{30\p@} +\setlength\maxdepth{.5\topskip} +% +\@settopoint\textwidth +\setlength\marginparsep {10\p@} +\setlength\marginparpush{5\p@} +\setlength\topmargin{-10pt} +\if@twocolumn + \setlength\oddsidemargin {-30\p@} + \setlength\evensidemargin{-30\p@} +\else + \setlength\oddsidemargin {\z@} + \setlength\evensidemargin{\z@} +\fi +\setlength\marginparwidth {48\p@} +\setlength\footnotesep{8\p@} +\setlength{\skip\footins}{9\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@} +\setlength\floatsep {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} +\setlength\textfloatsep{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} +\setlength\intextsep {20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} +\setlength\dblfloatsep {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} +\setlength\dbltextfloatsep{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} +\setlength\@fptop{0\p@} +\setlength\@fpsep{12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} +\setlength\@fpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil} +\setlength\@dblfptop{0\p@} +\setlength\@dblfpsep{12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} +\setlength\@dblfpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil} +\setlength\partopsep{2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@} +\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini + \parsep \z@ + \topsep 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ + \itemsep\parsep} +\let\@listI\@listi +\@listi +\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii + \labelwidth\leftmarginii + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep + \topsep \z@ + \parsep \topsep + \itemsep \parsep} +\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii + \labelwidth\leftmarginiii + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep + \topsep \z@ + \parsep \topsep + \itemsep \parsep} +\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv + \labelwidth\leftmarginiv + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} +\def\@listv {\leftmargin\leftmarginv + \labelwidth\leftmarginv + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} +\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi + \labelwidth\leftmarginvi + \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} +% +\setlength\lineskip{1\p@} +\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@} +\renewcommand\baselinestretch{} +\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@} +\@lowpenalty 51 +\@medpenalty 151 +\@highpenalty 301 +\setcounter{topnumber}{4} +\renewcommand\topfraction{.9} +\setcounter{bottomnumber}{2} +\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.7} +\setcounter{totalnumber}{6} +\renewcommand\textfraction{.1} +\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.85} +\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{3} +\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{.85} +\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.85} +\def\ps@headings{% + \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty + \def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\hfil\leftmark\unskip}% + \def\@oddhead{\small\rightmark\hfil\llap{\thepage}}% + \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \let\sectionmark\@gobble + \let\subsectionmark\@gobble + } +% make indentations changeable +\def\setitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}% + \leftmargini\labelwidth + \advance\leftmargini\labelsep + \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini + \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep + \parsep=\parskip + \topsep=\medskipamount + \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}} +\def\setitemitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}% + \leftmarginii\labelwidth + \advance\leftmarginii\labelsep +\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii + \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep + \parsep=\parskip + \topsep=\z@ + \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}} +% labels of description +\def\descriptionlabel#1{\hspace\labelsep #1\hfil} +% adjusted environment "description" +% if an optional parameter (at the first two levels of lists) +% is present, its width is considered to be the widest mark +% throughout the current list. +\def\description{\@ifnextchar[{\@describe}{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ + \itemindent-\leftmargin \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}} +\let\enddescription\endlist +% +\def\describelabel#1{#1\hfil} +\def\@describe[#1]{\relax\ifnum\@listdepth=0 +\setitemindent{#1}\else\ifnum\@listdepth=1 +\setitemitemindent{#1}\fi\fi +\list{--}{\let\makelabel\describelabel}} +% +\newdimen\logodepth +\logodepth=2.2cm +\newdimen\headerboxheight +\headerboxheight=180pt % 18 10.5dd-lines - 2\baselineskip +\newdimen\betweenumberspace % dimension for space between +\betweenumberspace=3.33pt % number and text of titles. +\newdimen\aftertext % dimension for space after +\aftertext=5pt % text of title. +\newdimen\headlineindent % dimension for space between +\headlineindent=1.166cm % number and text of headings. +\def\andname{and} +\if@mathematic + \def\runinend{\enspace} + \def\floatcounterend{\enspace} + \def\sectcounterend{} +\else + \def\runinend{.} + \def\floatcounterend{.\ } + \def\sectcounterend{.} +\fi +\def\keywordname{{\bfseries Key words\runinend}} +\def\lastandname{, and} +\def\mailname{{\itshape Correspondence to\/}:} +\def\email#1{{e-mail: \tt#1}} +\def\keywords#1{\par\addvspace\baselineskip\noindent\keywordname\enspace +\ignorespaces#1} +% +\newcounter{inst} +\newcounter{auth} +\def\authdepth{2} +\newdimen\instindent +\newbox\authrun +\newtoks\authorrunning +\newbox\titrun +\newtoks\titlerunning +\def\authorfont{\bfseries} + +\def\combirunning#1{\gdef\@combi{#1}} +\def\@combi{} +\newbox\combirun +% +\def\ps@last{\def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\hfil +\lastevenhead}} +\newcounter{lastpage} +\def\islastpageeven{\@ifundefined{lastpagenumber} +{\setcounter{lastpage}{0}}{\setcounter{lastpage}{\lastpagenumber}} +\ifnum\value{lastpage}>0 + \ifodd\value{lastpage}% + \else + \if@smartrunh + \thispagestyle{last}% + \fi + \fi +\fi} +\def\getlastpagenumber{\clearpage +\addtocounter{page}{-1}% + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\gdef\string\lastpagenumber{\thepage}}% + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\newlabel{LastPage}{{}{\thepage}}}% + \addtocounter{page}{1}} + +\def\journalname#1{\gdef\@journalname{#1}} + +\def\dedication#1{\gdef\@dedic{#1}} +\def\@dedic{} + +\let\@date\undefined + +\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}} + +\def\institutename{\par + \begingroup + \parindent=0pt + \parskip=0pt + \setcounter{inst}{1}% + \def\and{\par\stepcounter{inst}% + \if@instindent\hangindent\instindent\fi + \noindent + \hbox to\instindent{\hss\smash{$^{\theinst}$}\enspace}\ignorespaces}% + \setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute} + \ifnum\value{inst}>9\relax\setbox0=\hbox{$^{88}$\enspace}% + \else\setbox0=\hbox{$^{8}$\enspace}\fi + \instindent=\wd0\relax + \ifnum\value{inst}=1\relax + \else + \setcounter{inst}{1}% + \if@instindent\hangindent\instindent\fi + \noindent + \hbox to\instindent{\hss\smash{$^{\theinst}$}\enspace}\ignorespaces + \fi + \small + \ignorespaces + \@institute\par + \endgroup} + +\def\offprints#1{\begingroup +\def\protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}\xdef\@thanks{\@thanks +\protect\footnotetext[0]{\unskip\hskip-15pt{\itshape Send offprint requests +to\/}: \ignorespaces#1}}\endgroup\ignorespaces} + +\def\mail#1{\gdef\@mail{#1}} +\def\@mail{} + +\def\@thanks{} + +\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or{\star\star\star}% + \or \dagger\or \ddagger\or + \mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger + \or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi\relax} + +\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$} +\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$} + +\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}} +\def\@subtitle{} + +\def\headnote#1{\gdef\@headnote{#1}} +\def\@headnote{} + +\def\ch@ckobl#1#2{\@ifundefined{@#1} + {\typeout{SVJour warning: Missing +\expandafter\string\csname#1\endcsname}% + \csname #1\endcsname{#2}} + {}} +% +\def\ProcessRunnHead{% + \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}% + \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}% + \instindent=\textwidth + \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent + \if!\the\titlerunning!\else + \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}% + \fi + \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces\@title + \unskip}% + \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent + \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: Title too long for running head.}% + \typeout{Please supply a shorter form with \string\titlerunning + \space prior to \string\maketitle}% + \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily + Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}% + \fi + \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}% +% + \if!\the\authorrunning! + \else + \setcounter{auth}{1}% + \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}% + \fi + \ifnum\value{auth}>\authdepth + \def\stripauthor##1\and##2\endauthor{% + \protected@xdef\@author{##1\unskip\unskip\if!##2!\else\ et al.\fi}}% + \expandafter\stripauthor\@author\and\endauthor + \else + \gdef\and{\unskip, \ignorespaces}% + {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}% + \protected@xdef\@author{\@author}} + \fi + \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces + \@author\unskip}% + \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent + \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: Author name(s) too long for running head. + ^^JPlease supply a shorter form with \string\authorrunning + \space prior to \string\maketitle}% + \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily Please give a shorter version + with: {\tt\string\authorrunning\space and + \string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}}% + \fi + \xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}% + \markboth{\@author}{\@title}% +} +% +\def\maketitle{\par +\ch@ckobl{journalname}{Noname} +\ch@ckobl{date}{The date of receipt and acceptance will be inserted by +the editor} +\ch@ckobl{title}{A title should be given} +\ch@ckobl{author}{Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) should be given} +\ch@ckobl{institute}{Address(es) of author(s) should be given} +\begingroup +% + \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}% + \def\@makefnmark{$^{\@thefnmark}$}% +% + \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{inst}=2\relax + \unskip{} \andname\ + \else + \unskip, \andname\ + \fi}% + \def\and{\stepcounter{auth}\relax + \if@smartand + \ifnum\value{auth}=\value{inst}% + \lastand + \else + \unskip, + \fi + \else + \unskip, + \fi}% + \ifnum \col@number=\@ne + \@maketitle + \else + \twocolumn[\@maketitle]% + \fi + \thispagestyle{empty} + \global\@topnum\z@ + \@thanks + \if!\@mail!\else + \footnotetext[0]{\kern-\bibindent\mailname\ + \ignorespaces\@mail}% + \fi +% + \if@runhead + \ProcessRunnHead + \if@smartrunh + \instindent=\textwidth + \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent + \if!\@combi!% + \global\setbox\combirun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces + \@author\unskip: \@title\unskip}% + \def\@tempa{Automatically generated running head}% + \else + \global\setbox\combirun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily\unboldmath\ignorespaces + \@combi\unskip}% + \def\@tempa{With \string\combirunning\space supplied running head}% + \fi + \ifdim\wd\combirun>\instindent + \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: \@tempa}% + \typeout{for a possible last even numbered page is too long.}% + \typeout{Please supply a shorter form with \string\combirunning + \space prior to \string\maketitle.}% + \global\setbox\combirun=\hbox{\small\rmfamily + Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length -- + supply \ttfamily\char92combirunning}% + \fi + \xdef\lastevenhead{\copy\combirun}% + \fi + \fi +% + \endgroup + \setcounter{footnote}{0} + \global\let\thanks\relax + \global\let\maketitle\relax + \global\let\@maketitle\relax + \global\let\@thanks\@empty + \global\let\@author\@empty + \global\let\@date\@empty + \global\let\@title\@empty + \global\let\@subtitle\@empty + \global\let\title\relax + \global\let\author\relax + \global\let\date\relax + \global\let\and\relax} + +\def\makeheadbox{{% +\hbox to0pt{\vbox{\baselineskip=10dd\hrule\hbox +to\hsize{\vrule\kern3pt\vbox{\kern3pt +\hbox{\bfseries\@journalname\ manuscript No.} +\hbox{(will be inserted by the editor)} +\kern3pt}\hfil\kern3pt\vrule}\hrule}% +\hss}}} + +\def\@maketitle{\newpage + \normalfont + \vbox to0pt{\vskip-40pt + \nointerlineskip + \makeheadbox\vss}\nointerlineskip + \setbox\authrun=\vbox\bgroup + {\Large \bfseries\boldmath + \hrule\@height\logodepth\@width\z@ + \pretolerance=10000 + \rightskip=0pt plus 4cm + \if!\@headnote!\else + \noindent + {\normalfont\em\ignorespaces\@headnote\par}\vskip 3.5mm + \fi + \noindent\ignorespaces + \@title \par}\vskip 11.24pt\relax + \if!\@subtitle!\else + {\large\bfseries\boldmath + \pretolerance=10000 + \rightskip=0pt plus 3cm + \noindent\ignorespaces\@subtitle \par}\vskip 11.24pt + \fi + \normalfont\authorfont + \lineskip .5em + \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{auth} }% + \hfuzz=2\textwidth\def\thanks##1{}\@author}% + \value{inst}=\value{auth}% + \setcounter{auth}{1}% + \rightskip=0pt plus 2cm + \noindent\ignorespaces\@author\vskip7.23pt + \rightskip=0pt\relax + \normalfont\small\rmfamily + \institutename + \vskip 12.85pt \noindent\@date + \if!\@dedic!\else + \par + \small\itshape + \addvspace\baselineskip + \noindent\@dedic + \fi + \egroup % end of header box + \@tempdima=\headerboxheight + \advance\@tempdima by-\ht\authrun + \ifdim\@tempdima>0pt + \vrule width0pt height\@tempdima + \fi + \unvbox\authrun + \global\@minipagetrue + \global\everypar{\global\@minipagefalse\global\everypar{}} + \vskip22.47pt +} +% +\if@mathematic + \def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice + {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle\mathbf{#1}$}} + {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle\mathbf{#1}$}} + {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}} + {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}}} +\else + \def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice + {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}} + {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}} + {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}} + {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}} +\fi +% +\def\tens#1{\ensuremath{\mathsf{#1}}} +% +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} +\newcounter {section} +\newcounter {subsection}[section] +\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection] +\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection] +\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph] +\renewcommand\thesection {\@arabic\c@section} +\renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection} +\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection} +\renewcommand\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\@arabic\c@paragraph} +\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\@arabic\c@subparagraph} +% +\def\@hangfrom#1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1}% + \hangindent \z@\noindent\box\@tempboxa} + +\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\sectcounterend +\hskip\betweenumberspace} + +\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{% + \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth + \let\@svsec\@empty + \else + \refstepcounter{#1}% + \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}% + \fi + \@tempskipa #5\relax + \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ + \begingroup + #6{% + \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}% + \raggedright + \hyphenpenalty \@M% + \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}% + \endgroup + \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}% + \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{% + \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else + \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname\sectcounterend}% + \fi + #7}% + \else + \def\@svsechd{% + #6{\hskip #3\relax + \@svsec #8\hskip\aftertext}% + \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}% + \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{% + \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else + \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}% + \fi + #7}}% + \fi + \@xsect{#5}} + +% +% measures and setting of sections +% +\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}% + {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt + minus4pt}{\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}} +\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% + {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt + minus4pt}{\normalsize\itshape}} +\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% + {-13dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{-5.5pt}{\normalsize\itshape}} +\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}% + {-13pt plus-4pt minus-4pt}{-5.5pt}{\normalsize\itshape}} + +\setlength\leftmargini {\parindent} +\leftmargin \leftmargini +\setlength\leftmarginii {\parindent} +\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.87em} +\setlength\leftmarginiv {1.7em} +\setlength\leftmarginv {.5em} +\setlength\leftmarginvi {.5em} +\setlength \labelsep {.5em} +\setlength \labelwidth{\leftmargini} +\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep} +\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty +\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty +\@itempenalty -\@lowpenalty +\renewcommand\theenumi{\@arabic\c@enumi} +\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii} +\renewcommand\theenumiii{\@roman\c@enumiii} +\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@Alph\c@enumiv} +\newcommand\labelenumi{\theenumi.} +\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)} +\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.} +\newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.} +\renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi} +\renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)} +\renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii} +\newcommand\labelitemi{\normalfont\bfseries --} +\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --} +\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\bullet$} +\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$} + +\if@spthms +% definition of the "\spnewtheorem" command. +% +% Usage: +% +% \spnewtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font} +% or \spnewtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font} +% or \spnewtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font} +% +% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for +% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself. +% +% "\spnewtheorem*" gives a theorem without number. +% +% A defined spnewthoerem environment is used as described +% by Lamport. +% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\def\@thmcountersep{} +\def\@thmcounterend{} +\newdimen\spthmsep \spthmsep=3pt + +\def\spnewtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}} + +% definition of \spnewtheorem with number + +\def\@spnthm#1#2{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}}} +\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@spothm{#1}}{\@spnthm{#1}}} + +\def\@spxnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand + \csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}} + +\def\@spynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\@definecounter{#1}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}} + +\def\@spothm#1[#2]#3#4#5{% + \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2' defined}\@eha}% + {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}} + +\def\@spthm#1#2#3#4{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ +\labelsep=\spthmsep\refstepcounter{#1}% +\@ifnextchar[{\@spythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@spxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}} + +\def\@spxthm#1#2#3#4{\@spbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}% + \ignorespaces} + +\def\@spythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@spopargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname + the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces} + +\def\@spbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1\ #2\@thmcounterend}]#4} + +\def\@spopargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4#5{\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{#4#1\ #2}]{#4(#3)\@thmcounterend\ }#5} + +% definition of \spnewtheorem* without number + +\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}} + +\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}} + +\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ +\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}} + +\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces} + +\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1} + {#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces} + +\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]} + +\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1}]{#3(#2)\@thmcounterend\ }} + +\if@envcntsect + \def\@thmcountersep{.} + \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]{\bfseries}{\itshape} +\else + \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape} + \if@envcntreset + \@addtoreset{theorem}{section} + \else + \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter} + \fi +\fi + +%definition of divers theorem environments +\spnewtheorem*{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} +\spnewtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} +\if@envcntsame % alle Umgebungen wie Theorem. + \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spothm{#1}[theorem]{#2}{#3}{#4}} +\else % alle Umgebungen mit eigenem Zaehler + \if@envcntsect % mit section numeriert + \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}[section]{#3}{#4}} + \else % nicht mit section numeriert + \if@envcntreset + \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4} + \@addtoreset{#1}{section}} + \else + \let\spn@wtheorem=\@spynthm + \fi + \fi +\fi +\spn@wtheorem{case}{Case}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} +\spn@wtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} +\spn@wtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}{\bfseries}{\itshape} +\spn@wtheorem{definition}{Definition}{\bfseries}{\itshape} +\spn@wtheorem{example}{Example}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} +\spn@wtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily} +\spn@wtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}{\bfseries}{\itshape} +\spn@wtheorem{note}{Note}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} +\spn@wtheorem{problem}{Problem}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily} +\spn@wtheorem{property}{Property}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} +\spn@wtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}{\bfseries}{\itshape} +\spn@wtheorem{question}{Question}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} +\spn@wtheorem{solution}{Solution}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily} +\spn@wtheorem{remark}{Remark}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} +% +\newenvironment{theopargself} + {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4##3\@thmcounterend\ }##5} + \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{##3##2\@thmcounterend\ }}}{} +\newenvironment{theopargself*} + {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##4##3\@thmcounterend}##5} + \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##3##2\@thmcounterend}}}{} +\fi + +\def\@takefromreset#1#2{% + \def\@tempa{#1}% + \let\@tempd\@elt + \def\@elt##1{% + \def\@tempb{##1}% + \ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else + \@addtoreset{##1}{#2}% + \fi}% + \expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname cl@#2\endcsname + \expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}% + \@tempc + \let\@elt\@tempd} + +\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}} +\def\qed{\ifmmode\else\unskip\quad\fi\squareforqed} +\def\smartqed{\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil +\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed +\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}} + +% Define `abstract' environment +\def\abstract{\topsep=0pt\partopsep=0pt\parsep=0pt\itemsep=0pt\relax +\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep +{\bfseries\abstractname}]\if!\abstractname!\hskip-\labelsep\fi} +\if@twocolumn + \def\endabstract{\endtrivlist\addvspace{5mm}\strich} + \def\strich{\hrule\vskip3ptplus12pt\null} +\else + \def\endabstract{\endtrivlist\addvspace{3mm}} +\fi +% +\newenvironment{verse} + {\let\\\@centercr + \list{}{\itemsep \z@ + \itemindent -1.5em% + \listparindent\itemindent + \rightmargin \leftmargin + \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}% + \item\relax} + {\endlist} +\newenvironment{quotation} + {\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em% + \itemindent \listparindent + \rightmargin \leftmargin + \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}% + \item\relax} + {\endlist} +\newenvironment{quote} + {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}% + \item\relax} + {\endlist} +\newcommand\appendix{\par + \setcounter{section}{0}% + \setcounter{subsection}{0}% + \renewcommand\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}} +\setlength\arraycolsep{1.5\p@} +\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@} +\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@} +\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@} +\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep} +\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins +\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@} +\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@} +\renewcommand\theequation{\@arabic\c@equation} +\newcounter{figure} +\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure} +\def\fps@figure{tbp} +\def\ftype@figure{1} +\def\ext@figure{lof} +\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure} +\newenvironment{figure} + {\@float{figure}} + {\end@float} +\newenvironment{figure*} + {\@dblfloat{figure}} + {\end@dblfloat} +\newcounter{table} +\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table} +\def\fps@table{tbp} +\def\ftype@table{2} +\def\ext@table{lot} +\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable} +\newenvironment{table} + {\@float{table}} + {\end@float} +\newenvironment{table*} + {\@dblfloat{table}} + {\end@dblfloat} + +\def \@floatboxreset {% + \reset@font + \small + \@setnobreak + \@setminipage +} + +\newlength\abovecaptionskip +\newlength\belowcaptionskip +\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@} +\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@} +\newcommand\leftlegendglue{} + +\def\fig@type{figure} + +\newdimen\figcapgap\figcapgap=3pt +\newdimen\tabcapgap\tabcapgap=5.5pt + +\@ifundefined{floatlegendstyle}{\def\floatlegendstyle{\bfseries}}{} + +\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname + ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname + the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup + \@parboxrestore + \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par + \endgroup} + +\def\capstrut{\vrule\@width\z@\@height\topskip} + +\@ifundefined{captionstyle}{\def\captionstyle{\normalfont\small}}{} + +\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{% + \captionstyle + \ifx\@captype\fig@type + \vskip\figcapgap + \fi + \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}% + \capstrut #2}% + \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize + {\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}\capstrut #2\par + \else + \hbox to\hsize{\leftlegendglue\unhbox\@tempboxa\hfil}% + \fi + \ifx\@captype\fig@type\else + \vskip\tabcapgap + \fi} + +\newdimen\figgap\figgap=1cc +\long\def\@makesidecaption#1#2{% + \parbox[b]{\@tempdima}{\captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle + #1\floatcounterend}#2}} +\def\sidecaption#1\caption{% +\setbox\@tempboxa=\hbox{#1\unskip}% +\if@twocolumn + \ifdim\hsize<\textwidth\else + \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa<\columnwidth + \typeout{Double column float fits into single column - + ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }% + \fi + \fi +\fi +\@tempdima=\hsize +\advance\@tempdima by-\figgap +\advance\@tempdima by-\wd\@tempboxa +\ifdim\@tempdima<3cm + \typeout{\string\sidecaption: No sufficient room for the legend; + using normal \string\caption. }% + \unhbox\@tempboxa + \let\@capcommand=\@caption +\else + \let\@capcommand=\@sidecaption + \leavevmode + \unhbox\@tempboxa + \hfill +\fi +\refstepcounter\@captype +\@dblarg{\@capcommand\@captype}} + +\long\def\@sidecaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname + ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname + the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup + \@parboxrestore + \@makesidecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par + \endgroup} + +% Define `acknowledgement' environment +\def\acknowledgement{\par\addvspace{17pt}\small\rmfamily +\trivlist\if!\ackname!\item[]\else +\item[\hskip\labelsep +{\it\ackname}]\fi} +\def\endacknowledgement{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6pt}} +% Define `noteadd' environment +\def\noteadd{\par\addvspace{17pt}\small\rmfamily +\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep +{\itshape\noteaddname}]} +\def\endnoteadd{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6pt}} + +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl} +\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc} +\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal} +\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal} +\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em} +\newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em} +\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5} +\setcounter{tocdepth}{1} +\newcommand\tableofcontents{% + \section*{\contentsname}% + \@starttoc{toc}% + \addtocontents{toc}{\begingroup\protect\small}% + \AtEndDocument{\addtocontents{toc}{\endgroup}}% + } +\newcommand*\l@part[2]{% + \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax + \addpenalty\@secpenalty + \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}% + \begingroup + \setlength\@tempdima{3em}% + \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth + \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth + {\leavevmode + \large \bfseries #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par + \nobreak + \if@compatibility + \global\@nobreaktrue + \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}% + \fi + \endgroup + \fi} +\newcommand*\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{0pt}{1.5em}} +\newcommand*\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}} +\newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}} +\newcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}} +\newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}} +\newcommand\listoffigures{% + \section*{\listfigurename + \@mkboth{\listfigurename}% + {\listfigurename}}% + \@starttoc{lof}% + } +\newcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}} +\newcommand\listoftables{% + \section*{\listtablename + \@mkboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}% + \@starttoc{lot}% + } +\let\l@table\l@figure +\newdimen\bibindent +\setlength\bibindent{\parindent} +\def\@biblabel#1{#1.} +\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw + {\let\protect\noexpand + \immediate + \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces} +\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1] + {\section*{\refname + \@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}}\small + \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% + {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}% + \leftmargin\labelwidth + \advance\leftmargin\labelsep + \@openbib@code + \usecounter{enumiv}% + \let\p@enumiv\@empty + \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% + \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000% + \sfcode`\.\@m} + {\def\@noitemerr + {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}% + \endlist} +% +\newcount\@tempcntc +\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi + \@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do + {\@ifundefined + {b@\@citeb}{\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea\def\@citea{,}{\bfseries + ?}\@warning + {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}% + {\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\relax}% + \ifnum\@tempcntc=\z@ \@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne + \@citea\def\@citea{,\hskip0.1em\ignorespaces}\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}% + \else + \advance\@tempcntb\@ne + \ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc + \else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo + \@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc\fi\fi}}\@citeo}{#1}} +\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb\else + \@citea\def\@citea{,\hskip0.1em\ignorespaces}% + \ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb\the\@tempcnta\else + {\advance\@tempcnta\@ne\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb \else \def\@citea{--}\fi + \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne\the\@tempcnta\@citea\the\@tempcntb}\fi\fi} +% +\newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em} +\let\@openbib@code\@empty +\newenvironment{theindex} + {\if@twocolumn + \@restonecolfalse + \else + \@restonecoltrue + \fi + \columnseprule \z@ + \columnsep 35\p@ + \twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]% + \@mkboth{\indexname}{\indexname}% + \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@ + \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax + \let\item\@idxitem} + {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi} +\newcommand\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@} +\newcommand\subitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{20\p@}} +\newcommand\subsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{30\p@}} +\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax} +\renewcommand\footnoterule{% + \kern-3\p@ + \hrule\@width.4\columnwidth + \kern2.6\p@} +\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{% + \noindent + \hb@xt@\bibindent{\hss\@makefnmark\enspace}#1} +% +\newcommand\contentsname{Contents} +\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures} +\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables} +\newcommand\refname{References} +\newcommand\indexname{Index} +\newcommand\figurename{Fig.} +\newcommand\tablename{Table} +\newcommand\partname{Part} +\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix} +\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract\runinend} +\newcommand\ackname{Acknowledgements\runinend} +\newcommand\noteaddname{Note added in proof} +% French section +\def\ds@francais{% + \typeout{On parle francais.}% + \def\abstractname{R\'esum\'e\runinend}% + \def\ackname{Remerciements\runinend}% + \def\andname{et}% + \def\lastandname{ et}% + \def\appendixname{Appendice} + \def\chaptername{Chapitre}% + \def\claimname{Pr\'etention}% + \def\conjecturename{Hypoth\`ese}% + \def\contentsname{Table des mati\`eres}% + \def\corollaryname{Corollaire}% + \def\definitionname{D\'efinition}% + \def\examplename{Exemple}% + \def\exercisename{Exercice}% + \def\figurename{Fig.}% + \def\keywordname{{\bfseries Mots-cl\'e\runinend}} + \def\indexname{Index} + \def\lemmaname{Lemme}% + \def\contriblistname{Liste des contributeurs} + \def\listfigurename{Liste des figures}% + \def\listtablename{Liste des tables}% + \def\mailname{{\itshape Correspondence to\/}:} + \def\noteaddname{Note ajout\'ee \`a l'\'epreuve}% + \def\notename{Remarque}% + \def\partname{Partie}% + \def\problemname{Probl\`eme}% + \def\proofname{\'Epreuve}% + \def\propertyname{Caract\'eristique}% +%\def\propositionname{Proposition}% + \def\questionname{Question}% +%\def\refname{References}% + \def\remarkname{Remarque}% + \def\seename{voyez} + \def\solutionname{Solution}% +%\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:} + \def\tablename{Tableau}% + \def\theoremname{Th\'eor\`eme}% +} +% +% German section +\def\ds@deutsch{\typeout{Man spricht deutsch.}% + \def\abstractname{Zusammenfassung\runinend}% + \def\ackname{Danksagung\runinend}% + \def\andname{und}% + \def\lastandname{ und}% + \def\appendixname{Anhang}% + \def\chaptername{Kapitel}% + \def\claimname{Behauptung}% + \def\conjecturename{Hypothese}% + \def\contentsname{Inhaltsverzeichnis}% + \def\corollaryname{Korollar}% +%\def\definitionname{Definition}% + \def\examplename{Beispiel}% + \def\exercisename{\"Ubung}% + \def\figurename{Abb.}% + \def\keywordname{{\bfseries Schl\"usselw\"orter\runinend}} + \def\indexname{Index} +%\def\lemmaname{Lemma}% + \def\contriblistname{Mitarbeiter} + \def\listfigurename{Abbildungsverzeichnis}% + \def\listtablename{Tabellenverzeichnis}% + \def\mailname{{\itshape Correspondence to\/}:} + \def\noteaddname{Nachtrag}% + \def\notename{Anmerkung}% + \def\partname{Teil}% +%\def\problemname{Problem}% + \def\proofname{Beweis}% + \def\propertyname{Eigenschaft}% +%\def\propositionname{Proposition}% + \def\questionname{Frage}% + \def\refname{Literatur}% + \def\remarkname{Anmerkung}% + \def\seename{siehe} + \def\solutionname{L\"osung}% +%\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:} + \def\tablename{Tabelle}% +%\def\theoremname{Theorem}% +} +\AtBeginDocument{\switch@texts} +\newcommand\today{} +\edef\today{\ifcase\month\or + January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or + July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi + \space\number\day, \number\year} +\setlength\columnsep{1.5cc} +\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@} +% +\frenchspacing +\clubpenalty=10000 +\widowpenalty=10000 +\def\thisbottomragged{\def\@textbottom{\vskip\z@ plus.0001fil +\global\let\@textbottom\relax}} +\pagestyle{headings} +\pagenumbering{arabic} +\if@twocolumn + \twocolumn +\fi +\if@referee + \makereferee +\fi +\flushbottom +\endinput +%% +%% End of file `svjour.cls'. diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/svsw.clo b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/svsw.clo new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..250b863f5b --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/svsw.clo @@ -0,0 +1,351 @@ +% SVJour DOCUMENT CLASS OPTION SW -- Shockwaves +% +% This is an enhancement for the +% LaTeX document class for Springer journals (two column version) +% +%% +%% +%% \CharacterTable +%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z +%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z +%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 +%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \# +%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \& +%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \) +%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \, +%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/ +%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \< +%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \? +%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\ +%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_ +%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \| +%% Right brace \} Tilde \~} +\ProvidesFile{svsw.clo} + [1998/05/18 v1.1 + style option for Shockwaves] +\typeout{SVJour Class option: svsw.clo for Shockwaves} +\DeclareOption{leqno}{\input{leqno.clo}} +\let\if@bibself\iffalse +\DeclareOption{bibself}{\let\if@bibself\iftrue} +\DeclareOption{oribibl}{\let\oribibl=Y} +\ExecuteOptions{final,twocolumn,10pt} +\newif\if@normhead \@normheadtrue +\def\hugehead{\@normheadfalse +\let\ProcessRunnHead=\relax +\onecolumn +\let\thanks=\footnote +\long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent\bibindent + \columnwidth\textwidth + \advance\columnwidth -\columnsep + \divide\columnwidth\tw@ + \hsize\columnwidth + \linewidth\columnwidth + \noindent\hbox to\parindent{\hss\@makefnmark\enspace}##1}% +} +\let\if@mathematic\iffalse +% No size changing allowed, hence a copy of size10.clo is included +\renewcommand\normalsize{% + \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt{10.5dd}% + \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@ + \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@ + \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@ + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip + \let\@listi\@listI} +\normalsize +\newcommand\small{% + \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{10dd}% + \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@ + \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@ + \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@ + \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini + \parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@ + \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ + \itemsep0\p@}% + \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip +} +\let\footnotesize\small +\newcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt} +\newcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt} +\newcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{13dd}} +\newcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{15dd}} +\newcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{17dd}} +\newcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}} +\newcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}} +% +\setlength{\textwidth}{180mm} +\setlength{\textheight}{56pc} +% +\def\sw@maketitle{\par +\ch@ckobl{journalname}{Noname} +\ch@ckobl{date}{the date of receipt and acceptance should be inserted +later} +\ch@ckobl{title}{A title should be given} +\ch@ckobl{author}{Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) should be given} +\ch@ckobl{institute}{Address(es) of author(s) should be given} +\ch@ckobl{abstract}{Abstract is missing.} +\begingroup +% + \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}% + \def\@makefnmark{$^{\@thefnmark}$}% + \def\switch@fnmark{\def\thefootnote{\mathrm{\alph{footnote}}}} +% + \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{inst}=2\relax + \unskip{} \andname\ + \else + \unskip, \andname\ + \fi}% + \def\and{\stepcounter{auth}\relax + \if@smartand + \ifnum\value{auth}=\value{inst}% + \lastand + \else + \unskip, + \fi + \else + \unskip, + \fi}% + \thispagestyle{empty} + \ifnum \col@number=\@ne + \@maketitle + \else + \twocolumn[\@maketitle]% + \fi + \global\@topnum\z@ + \if@normhead + \@thanks + \else + \twocolumn[\vspace{\@tempdima}] + \addtocounter{page}{-1} + \if!\the\authorrunning! + \authorrunning{ }% + \fi + \fi + \if!\@mail!\else + \footnotetext[0]{\kern-\bibindent\mailname\ + \ignorespaces\@mail}% + \fi +% + \if@runhead + \ProcessRunnHead + \fi +% + \endgroup + \setcounter{footnote}{0} + \global\let\thanks\relax + \global\let\maketitle\relax + \global\let\@maketitle\relax + \global\let\@thanks\@empty + \global\let\@author\@empty + \global\let\@date\@empty + \global\let\@title\@empty + \global\let\@subtitle\@empty + \global\let\title\relax + \global\let\author\relax + \global\let\date\relax + \global\let\and\relax} +% +\def\sw@@maketitle{\newpage + \normalfont + \vbox to0pt{\vskip-40pt + \nointerlineskip + \makeheadbox\vss}\nointerlineskip + \if@normhead + \setbox\authrun=\vbox\bgroup + \fi + {\LARGE \sffamily\bfseries + \hrule\@height\logodepth\@width\z@ + \pretolerance=10000 + \rightskip=0pt plus 4cm + \if!\@headnote!\else + \noindent + {\LARGE\normalfont\itshape\ignorespaces\@headnote\par}\vskip 3.5mm + \fi + \noindent\ignorespaces + \@title \par}\vskip 11.24pt\relax + \authorfont + \if!\@subtitle!\else + {\large\sffamily\bfseries + \pretolerance=10000 + \rightskip=0pt plus 3cm + \noindent\ignorespaces\@subtitle \par}\vskip 11.24pt + \fi + \lineskip .5em + \switch@fnmark + \def\@makefnmark{$^{\mathrm\@thefnmark}$}% + \protected@xdef\@thanks{\@thanks\protect\switch@fnmark}% + \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{auth} }% + \hfuzz=2\textwidth\def\thanks##1{}\@author}% + \setcounter{footnote}{0}% + \value{inst}=\value{auth}% + \setcounter{auth}{1}% + \rightskip=0pt plus 2cm + \noindent\ignorespaces\@author\vskip7.23pt + \rightskip=0pt\relax + \small\rm + \institutename + \vskip 12.85pt + \leftskip=1.5cm\rightskip=\leftskip + \noindent\@date + \if!\@dedic!\else + \par + \normalsize\it + \addvspace\baselineskip + \noindent\@dedic + \fi + \vskip 12.85pt + {\topsep=0pt\partopsep=0pt\parsep=0pt\itemsep=0pt\relax + \def\pacsstart##1##2{##1\hskip5pt plus2ptminus2pt##2}% + \def\and##1##2{\unskip\ -- ##1\hskip5pt plus2ptminus2pt##2}% + \trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep + {\sffamily\bfseries\abstractname}]% + \leftskip=1.5cm\rightskip=\leftskip + \@abstract + \endtrivlist}% + \if@normhead + \egroup % end of header box + \@tempdima=\headerboxheight + \advance\@tempdima by-\ht\authrun + \ifdim\@tempdima>0pt + \vrule width0pt height\@tempdima + \fi + \unvbox\authrun + \global\@minipagetrue + \global\everypar{\global\@minipagefalse\global\everypar{}} + \else + \typeout{\the\c@auth\space author names and} + \typeout{\the\c@inst\space institutes processed} + \global\@tempdima=\pagetotal + \global\advance\@tempdima by22.47pt + \fi + \vskip22.47pt +} +% +\def\swabstract#1{\gdef\@abstract{#1}} +% +\def\swrunnhead{% + \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}% + \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}% + \instindent=\textwidth + \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent + \if!\the\titlerunning!\else + \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}% + \fi + \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\ignorespaces\@title}% + \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent + \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: Title too long for running head.}% + \typeout{Please supply a shorter form with \string\titlerunning + \space prior to \string\maketitle}% + \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm + Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}% + \fi + \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}% +% + \if!\the\authorrunning! + \else + \setcounter{auth}{1}% + \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}% + \fi + \ifnum\value{auth}>2 + \def\stripauthor##1\and##2\endauthor{% + \protected@xdef\@author{##1\unskip\unskip\if!##2!\else\ et al.\fi}}% + \expandafter\stripauthor\@author\and\endauthor + \else + \gdef\and{\unskip, \ignorespaces}% + {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}% + \protected@xdef\@author{\@author}} + \fi + \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\ignorespaces + \@author\unskip: \unhbox\titrun}% + \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent + \typeout{^^JSVJour Warning: The running head built automatically from + \string\author\space and \string\title + ^^Jexceeds the pagewidth, please supply a shorter form + ^^Jwith \string\authorrunning\space and + \string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}% + \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm Please give a shorter version + with: {\tt\string\authorrunning\space and + \string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}}% + \fi + \xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}% + \markboth{\@author}{\@author}% +} +% +\def\changebibcite{% +\ifx\oribibl\undefined +\def\@biblabel##1{} +% +\def\@lbibitem[##1]##2{\item[]\if@filesw + {\let\protect\noexpand + \immediate + \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{##2}{##1}}}\fi\ignorespaces} +% +\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1] + {\section*{\refname + \@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}}\small + \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% + {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{##1}}% + \leftmargin\bibindent + \itemindent -\bibindent + \@openbib@code + \usecounter{enumiv}% + \let\p@enumiv\@empty + \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% + \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000% + \sfcode`\.\@m} + {\def\@noitemerr + {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}% + \endlist} +\fi} +% +% a change to the citation mechanism that supresses the brackets +% around the \cited material iff the option [bibself] is given +\def\change@cite{\if@bibself +\def\@citex[##1]##2{% + \let\@citea\@empty + \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=##2\do + {\@citea\def\@citea{;\penalty\z@\ }% + \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}% + \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi + \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{\mbox{\reset@font\bfseries ?}% + \G@refundefinedtrue + \@latex@warning + {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}% + {\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{##1}} +\def\@cite##1##2{{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}}\fi} +% +\AtEndOfClass{\def\ackname{Acknowledgement\runinend}% +\def\keywordname{{\sffamily\bfseries Key words:}}% +\let\if@runhead\iftrue +\let\if@smartand\iftrue +\let\@maketitle=\sw@@maketitle +\let\maketitle=\sw@maketitle +\let\ProcessRunnHead=\swrunnhead +\let\abstract=\swabstract +\setlength\floatsep {10\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} +\setlength\textfloatsep{12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} +\setlength\intextsep {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} +\def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\hfil\leftmark\hfil}% +\def\@oddhead{\small\hfil\rightmark\hfil\llap{\thepage}}% +\def\sectcounterend{} +\setlength\columnsep{4mm} +\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}% + {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt + minus4pt}{\large\sffamily\bfseries}} +\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% + {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt + minus4pt}{\normalsize\sffamily\bfseries}} +\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% + {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt + minus4pt}{\normalsize\sffamily}} +\def\paragraph{\@startsection{subsubsection}{4}{\z@}% + {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{-1pt}{\normalsize\sffamily\bfseries}} +\def\authorfont{\rmfamily} +\def\leftlegendglue{\hfil} +\def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathbf{#1}}} +\journalname{ShockWaves} +\changebibcite +\change@cite +} +%% +%% End of copy of file `svsw.clo'. +\endinput diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/swguide.dvi b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/swguide.dvi Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d0850bd74b --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/swguide.dvi diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/swguide.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/swguide.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ecf56b7540 --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/swguide.tex @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01] + +\documentclass[draft]{ltxguide}[1995/11/28] +%\usepackage{draftcopy} + +\makeatletter +\def\setitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}% + \leftmargini\labelwidth + \advance\leftmargini\labelsep + \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini + \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep}} +\def\setitemitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}% + \leftmarginii\labelwidth + \advance\leftmarginii\labelsep +\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii + \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep + \parsep=\parskip + \topsep=\z@ + \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}} +% +% adjusted environment "description" +% if an optional parameter (at the first two levels of lists) +% is present, its width is considered to be the widest mark +% throughout the current list. +\def\description{\@ifnextchar[{\@describe}{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ + \itemindent-\leftmargin \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}} +% +\def\describelabel#1{#1\hfil} +\def\@describe[#1]{\relax\ifnum\@listdepth=0 +\setitemindent{#1}\else\ifnum\@listdepth=1 +\setitemitemindent{#1}\fi\fi +\list{--}{\let\makelabel\describelabel}} +\DeleteShortVerb{\|} +\renewenvironment{decl}[1][]% + {\par\small\addvspace{2.3ex}% + \vskip -\parskip + \ifx\relax#1\relax + \def\@decl@date{}% + \else + \def\@decl@date{\NEWfeature{#1}}% + \fi + \noindent\hspace{-\leftmargini}% + \begin{tabular}{|l|}\hline\ignorespaces}% + {\\\hline\end{tabular}\nobreak\@decl@date\par\nobreak + \vspace{2.3ex plus 1ex}\vskip -\parskip} +\MakeShortVerb{\|} +% +\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini + \parskip 0\p@ \@plus 1\p@ + \parsep 0\p@ \@plus\p@ + \topsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ + \itemsep0\p@\relax} +\@listI +\setlength{\parskip}{\medskipamount} +\makeatother +\newcommand{\SJour}{\textsc{SVJour}} + +\title{The \SJour\ document class users guide\\supplement for\\ +\textit{ShockWaves}} + +\author{\copyright~1998, Springer Verlag Heidelberg\\ + All rights reserved.} + +\date{18 May 1998} + +\begin{document} + +\maketitle + +\section{Introduction} +\label{sec:intro} +This document describes the \textit{sw} option for the +\SJour\ \LaTeXe\ document class. For details on +manuscript handling and the review process we refer to the +\emph{Instructions for authors} in the printed journal. For style +matters please consult previous issues of the journal. + +\section{Initializing the class} +\label{sec:opt} + +As explained in the main \emph{Users guide} you can +begin a document for \emph{Shock Waves} by including +\begin{verbatim} + \documentclass[sw]{svjour} +\end{verbatim} +as the first line in your text. All other options are also described in +the main \emph{User guide}. + +\section{Changes to the \SJour\ class standard} + +As the abstract of your article is to appear in the header section, +it must be coded before the \verb|\maketitle| command. Do not use the +\verb|\begin{abstract}| \dots \verb|\end{abstract}| environment of +standard \LaTeX. Instead proceed as you do for the other +front matter declarations: +\begin{decl} +|\abstract| \arg{Text of your abstract} +\end{decl} +The standard key words are also part of the frontmatter please code +them at the end but still inside the \verb|\abstract{...}| area. + +\section{Changed bibliographic environment} +The mechanism of explicit labels in \verb|\bibitem| commands has been +changed to reflect those labels only when the actual bibliographic +source is \verb|\cite|d in the text. In the reference list they are +simply suppressed. If you do not use the optional parameter of the +\verb|\bibitem| commands the behaviour is as normal: the items are +numbered consecutively for their citation in the text -- the reference +list itself has no numbers. + +This change can be canceled by using the option \verb|oribibl| -- +particular useful when you are using \textsc{Bib}\TeX\ that relies on an +unchanged bibliographic/citation apparatus. + +There is the additional option \verb|bibself| that supresses the +bracing of \verb|\cite| commands in the text altogether. With it you can +let \LaTeX\ incorporate the content of a \verb|\bibitem|s label +smoothly into the flow of your text (see the example file for +demonstration). + +Again we strongly suggest to use the \verb|\bibitem - \cite| as well as +the \verb|\label -| \verb|\ref| mechanism of \LaTeX\ for your cross +references throughout your document. +\end{document} diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/template.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/template.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..51754c55e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/template.tex @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% file template.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% +% This is a template file for Shock Waves +% +% Copy it to a new file with a new name and use it as the basis +% for your article +% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer-Verlag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% +\begin{filecontents}{leer.eps} +%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 +%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:51:17 1992 +%%DocumentFonts: (atend) +%%Pages: 0 1 +%%BoundingBox: 72 31 601 342 +%%EndComments + +gsave +72 31 moveto +72 342 lineto +601 342 lineto +601 31 lineto +72 31 lineto +showpage +grestore +%%Trailer +%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica +\end{filecontents} +% +\documentclass[sw,referee]{svjour} +% Remove option referee for final version +% +% Remove any % below to load the required packages +%\usepackage{latexsym} +\usepackage{graphics} +% etc +% +\begin{document} +% +\title{Insert your title here} +\subtitle{Do you have a subtitle?\\ If so, write it here} +\author{First author\inst{1} \and Second author\inst{2}% etc +% \thanks is optional - remove next line if not needed +\thanks{\emph{Present address:} Insert the address here if needed}% +} % Do not remove +% +\offprints{} % Insert a name or remove this line +% +\institute{Insert the first address here \and the second here} +% +\date{Received: date / Revised version: date} +% The correct dates will be entered by Springer +% +\abstract{ +Insert your abstract here. +% +\keywords{Finite elements, Detonation, Safety}} %end of abstract +% +\maketitle +% +\section{Introduction} +\label{intro} +Your text comes here. Separate text sections with +\section{Section title} +\label{sec:1} +and \cite{RefJ} +\subsection{Subsection title} +\label{sec:2} +as required. Don't forget to give each section +and subsection a unique label (see Sect.~\ref{sec:1}). +% +% For one-column wide figures use +\begin{figure} +% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program +% to insert the figure file. +% For example, with the option graphics use +\resizebox{0.75\textwidth}{!}{% + \includegraphics{leer.eps} +} +% If not, use +%\vspace{5cm} % Give the correct figure height in cm +\caption{Please write your figure caption here} +\label{fig:1} % Give a unique label +\end{figure} +% +% For two-column wide figures use +\begin{figure*} +% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program +% to insert the figure file. See example above. +% If not, use +\vspace*{5cm} % Give the correct figure height in cm +\caption{Please write your figure caption here} +\label{fig:2} % Give a unique label +\end{figure*} +% +% For tables use +\begin{table} +\caption{Please write your table caption here} +\label{tab:1} % Give a unique label +% For LaTeX tables use +\begin{tabular}{lll} +\hline\noalign{\smallskip} +first & second & third \\ +\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip} +number & number & number \\ +number & number & number \\ +\noalign{\smallskip}\hline +\end{tabular} +% Or use +\vspace*{5cm} % with the correct table height +\end{table} +% +% BibTeX users please use +% \bibliographystyle{} +% \bibliography{} +% +% Non-BibTeX users please use +\begin{thebibliography}{} +% +% and use \bibitem to create references. +% +\bibitem{RefJ} +% Format for Journal Reference +Author, Journal \textbf{Volume}, (year) page numbers. +% Format for books +\bibitem{RefB} +Author, \textit{Book title} (Publisher, place year) page numbers +% etc +\end{thebibliography} + + +\end{document} + +% end of file template.tex + diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/usrguide.dvi b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/usrguide.dvi Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae17a15a32 --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/usrguide.dvi diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/usrguide.pdf b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/usrguide.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bc08921cc --- /dev/null +++ b/macros/latex/contrib/springer/svjour/sw/usrguide.pdf |