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diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/README b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d990a8be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/README
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+# snaptodo
+
+https://github.com/Symbol1/snaptodo
+
+Hsin-Po Wang
+mailto:a.simple.people@gmail.com
+https://github.com/Symbol1/snaptodo
+
+This is snaptodo,
+an alternative to todonote 
+that differs in the following ways
+
+* Depending on where you call `\todo`,
+  the note is on the left or right margin,
+  whichever is closer.
+* The notes bump each other
+  so they never overlap;
+  the lines never overlap either
+* Aesthetic and customizable style.
+
+License = https://www.latex-project.org/lppl/lppl-1-3c/
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/snaptodo.pdf b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/snaptodo.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7115795b1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/snaptodo.pdf
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/snaptodo.sty b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/snaptodo.sty
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13bc847374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/snaptodo.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+
+% # snaptodo
+%
+% Hsin-Po Wang
+% mailto:a.simple.people@gmail.com 
+% https://www.symbol.codes
+%
+% This is snaptodo.sty,
+% an alternative to todonote.sty
+% that differs in the following ways
+%
+% * Depending on where you call `\todo`,
+%   the note is on the left or right margin,
+%   whichever is closer.
+% * The notes bump each other
+%   so they never overlap;
+%   the lines never overlap either
+% * Aesthetic and customizable style.
+%
+% License = https://www.latex-project.org/lppl/lppl-1-3c/
+
+
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[2021/06/01]
+
+\ProvidesPackage{snaptodo}[2021/11/22]
+
+\RequirePackage{tikzpagenodes}[2012/09/16]
+
+\ifx\todo\snaptodo@undefined
+\else
+	\PackageWarning{snaptodo}{%
+		Control sequence \protect\todo\space was defined.\MessageBreak
+		I am going to override it anyways.
+	}
+\fi
+
+\def\todo{%
+	\snaptodo@initialize
+	\global\let\todo\snaptodo@main
+	\todo
+}
+
+\def\snaptodo@initialize{%
+	\tikz[overlay]
+		\node(snaptodo@margin@left){}
+		node(snaptodo@margin@right){}
+		coordinate(snaptodo@baseline@left){}
+		coordinate(snaptodo@baseline@right){}
+		coordinate(snaptodo@descent@left){}
+		coordinate(snaptodo@descent@right){}
+	;%
+}
+
+\def\snaptodo@main{%
+	\pgfutil@ifnextchar[
+	{\snaptodo@main@opt}
+	{\snaptodo@main@opt[]}%]
+}
+
+\def\snaptodo@main@opt[#1]#2{%
+	\tikz[remember picture,overlay]{
+		\snaptodoset{#1}
+		\snaptodo@remember@side
+		\snaptodo@typeset@margin@block{#2}
+		\snaptodo@dipict@call@chain
+	}%
+}
+
+\def\snaptodo@remember@side{
+	\pgfpointanchor{current page}{center}
+	\ifdim\pgf@x>\std@chainbias
+		\def\std@westeast{west}
+		\def\std@eastwest{east}
+		\def\std@leftright{left}
+		\def\std@rightleft{right}
+		\def\std@plusminus{+}
+	\else
+		\def\std@westeast{east}
+		\def\std@eastwest{west}
+		\def\std@leftright{right}
+		\def\std@rightleft{left}
+		\def\std@plusminus{-}
+	\fi
+}
+
+\def\snaptodo@typeset@margin@block#1{
+	\pgfpointanchor{current page text area}\std@westeast
+	\xdef\std@descent@xpt{\the\pgf@x}
+	\node(snaptodo@margin@\std@leftright)[
+		/snaptodo/margin@block,
+		/snaptodo/margin block/.try,
+		/utils/exec={
+			\let\tikz@transform=\snaptodo@margin@block@transform
+		}
+	]{#1};
+}
+
+\def\snaptodo@margin@block@transform{
+	\pgftransformshift{\pgfpoint{\std@descent@xpt}0}
+	\pgftransformshift{\pgfpoint{-\std@plusminus\marginparsep}0}
+	\pgfpointanchor{snaptodo@baseline@\std@leftright}{center}
+	\ifdim\pgf@y<0pt\else
+		\pgfpointanchor{snaptodo@margin@\std@leftright}{south}
+		\pgftransformshift{\pgfpoint0{min(
+			\std@blockrise
+			,
+			\pgf@y
+			-\ht\pgfnodeparttextbox
+			-\dp\pgfnodeparttextbox
+			-2*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/inner ysep}
+			-\std@blocksep
+		)}}
+	\fi
+}
+
+\def\snaptodo@dipict@call@chain{
+	\pgfpointanchor{snaptodo@baseline@\std@leftright}{center}
+	\ifdim\pgf@y<0pt
+		\def\std@descent@y{0}
+	\else
+		\pgfpointanchor{snaptodo@descent@\std@leftright}{center}
+		\pgfmathsetmacro\std@descent@y{min(\pgf@y-\std@chainsep,0)}
+	\fi
+	\snaptodo@dipict@call@chain@drawer
+}
+
+\def\snaptodo@dipict@call@chain@drawer{
+	\draw[/snaptodo/call@chain,/snaptodo/call chain/.try]
+		(0,\std@chainsep)--
+		(0,0)coordinate(snaptodo@baseline@\std@leftright){}--
+		(0,\std@descent@y pt)coordinate(snaptodo@descent@\std@leftright){}--
+		(\std@descent@xpt,\std@descent@y pt)--
+		(snaptodo@margin@\std@leftright.south \std@eastwest)--
+		(snaptodo@margin@\std@leftright.south \std@westeast)
+	;
+}
+
+\colorlet{snaptodo@chain}{yellow!50!black}
+\colorlet{snaptodo@block}{red!50!black}
+
+\def\snaptodoset{\pgfqkeys{/snaptodo}}
+
+\snaptodoset{
+	.unknown/.code={%
+		\let\snaptodo@key\pgfkeyscurrentname%
+		\pgfkeys{/pgf/\snaptodo@key/.try={#1}}%
+	},
+	block rise/.store in=\std@blockrise,
+	block rise=0pt,
+	block sep/.store in=\std@blocksep,
+	block sep=\baselineskip,
+	margin@block/.style={
+		above \std@leftright,
+		text width={\marginparwidth-2*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/inner xsep}},
+		align=flush \std@leftright,
+		text=snaptodo@block,
+	},
+	chain bias/.store in=\std@chainbias,
+	chain bias=0pt,
+	chain sep/.store in=\std@chainsep,
+	chain sep=0.5ex,
+	call@chain/.style={
+		draw=snaptodo@chain,
+		blend mode=darken,
+	}
+}
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/snaptodo.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/snaptodo.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65a3d7d3a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/snaptodo.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\def\todo{}
+\usepackage{snaptodo}
+
+\usepackage[pdfusetitle,urlbordercolor=red!50!black]{hyperref}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{Snaptodo---A Snap-to-the-Correct-Side Todo\thanks{
+	Repository
+	\url{https://github.com/Symbol1/snaptodo}.
+}}
+
+\author{Hsin-Po Wang\thanks{
+	Email
+	\href{mailto:a.simple.people@gmail.com}{\ttfamily a.simple.people@gmail.com}.
+	Website
+	\url{https://www.symbol.codes}.}}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+	Snaptodo package is an alternative to the todonote package
+	that differs in the following ways:
+	(A)	Depending on where you call
+		{\ttfamily\color{red!50!black}\string\todo},
+		the note is put on the left or right margin,
+		whichever is closer.
+	(B)	The notes bump each other down so they never overlap;
+		the lines never overlap either;
+		and they don't trigger the marginpar warning.
+	(C)	Minimalistic, aesthetic, and customizable style.
+
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Installation}
+
+	Copy and paste
+	{\ttfamily\verb|snaptodo.sty|}
+	to your working directory.
+
+\section{Minimal Working Example}
+
+	\begin{verbatim}
+		\documentclass{article}
+		\usepackage{snaptodo}
+		\begin{document}
+		    Your done
+		    \todo{Your todo}
+		\end{document}
+	\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Showcase of Examples}
+
+	Using snaptodo is as simple as calling
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\todo|}%
+	\todo{Calling \texttt{\string\todo}!}
+	and compile twice.%
+	\todo{Compile twice!}
+	If the calling point%
+	\todo{Calling point!}
+	is on the left of a page,%
+	\todo{Left of a page!}
+	the todo note---after compiling twice of
+	course---will appear to the left margin.%
+	\todo{On the left margin!}
+	And vice versa.%  
+	\todo{Vice versa!}
+
+\section{Customization}
+
+	I defined
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\snaptodoset|}
+	that works like
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\tikzset|} and
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\pgfplotsset|}.
+	While you can access dedicated options by
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\snaptodoset{<some_option>}|},
+	you can also assess the exact same options by
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\pgfkeys{/snaptodo/<some_option>}|}.
+	For local changes, you can put them here
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\todo[<some_option>]{}|}.
+
+\subsection{Color}
+
+	The color of the broken line is
+	{\ttfamily\verb|snaptodo@chain|}.
+	The default color for that is
+	{\ttfamily\verb|red!50!black|}.
+	Saying
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\colorlet{snaptodo@chain}{green!50!white}|}
+	lets you to change this color globally.  On the other hand,
+	for locally changing this color, one may prefer using
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\todo[call chain/.style=green!50!white]|}.%
+	\todo[call chain/.style=green!50!white]{New broken line color}
+
+	The color of the note text is
+	{\ttfamily\verb|snaptodo@block|}.
+	The default color for that is
+	{\ttfamily\verb|yellow!50!black|}.
+	Saying
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\colorlet{snaptodo@block}{blue!50!white}|}
+	lets you change this color.  On the other hand,
+	for locally changing this color, one may prefer using
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\todo[margin block/.style=blue!50!white]|}.%
+	\todo[margin block/.style=blue!50!white]{New note text color}
+
+\subsection{Line style}
+
+	In order to use a thicker or thinner broken line,
+	recall the standard Ti\emph kZ option
+	{\ttfamily\verb|[thick]|},
+	{\ttfamily\verb|[ultra thin]|},
+	or
+	{\ttfamily\verb|[line width=???]|}.
+	In our case, simply put that option in the proper style
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\todo[call chain/.style={line width=???}]{}|}.%
+	\todo[call chain/.style={line width=2pt}]{Thicker broken line}
+
+	In order to use a special dash pattern,
+	recall the standard Ti\emph kZ option
+	{\ttfamily\verb|[dotted]|},
+	{\ttfamily\verb|[dashed]|},
+	or
+	{\ttfamily\verb|[dash pattern=???]|}.
+	In our case, simply put that option in the proper style
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\todo[call chain/.style={dash pattern=???}]{}|}.%
+	\todo[call chain/.style={dashed}]{Dashed broken line}
+
+\subsection{Sep and width}
+
+	The gap between two note blocks is stored in
+	{\ttfamily\verb|/snaptodo/block sep|}.
+	The default length is
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\baselineskip|}.
+	Use
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\snaptodoset{block sep=0pt}|}
+	for global setting and use
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\todo[block sep=0pt]{note}|}%
+	\todo[block sep=0pt]{2 blocks close.}
+	\todo[block sep=0pt]{..to each other}
+	for local setting this.
+	
+	The gap between two horizontal lines is stored in
+	{\ttfamily\verb|/snaptodo/chain sep|}.
+	The default length is
+	{\ttfamily\verb|0.5ex|}.
+	To change, use
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\snaptodoset{chain sep=0pt}|}
+	for global setting and
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\todo[chain sep=0pt]{note}|}%
+	\todo[chain sep=0pt]{2 chains close.}
+	\todo[chain sep=0pt]{..to each other}
+	for local setting.
+
+	The width of the note block is
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\marginparwidth|}.
+	The width where the broken line has slope is
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\marginparsep|}.
+	These are the built-in dimensions.
+	(So modify them with care!)
+
+\subsection{Bias}
+
+	The tipping point between snapping to the left versus
+	to the right is the center of the page, by default.
+	You can change this by
+	{\ttfamily\verb|/snaptodo/chain bias=-99in|}.%
+	\todo[chain bias=-99in]{Forced to the left}
+	That way, all todo notes are forcedly
+	snapped to the left hand side.  Or, by
+	\todo[chain bias=99in]{Forced to the right}%
+	{\ttfamily\verb|/snaptodo/call bias=99in|},
+	all todo notes are forcedly snapped to the right hand side.
+
+\subsection{Rise}
+
+	If your document is really busy, e.g., like
+	{\ttfamily\verb|stress_testing.tex|},
+	consider setting a positive
+	{\ttfamily\verb|/snaptodo/block rise|}.%
+	\todo[block rise=2em]{Rising}
+	\todo[block rise=2em]{to leave}
+	\todo[block rise=2em]{room.}
+	For instance,
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\todo[block rise=2em]{}|}.
+	That way, a note will rise by that amount
+	to leave more rooms for later notes.
+	(But if there will be overlay,
+	the notes automatically bump down.)
+
+
+\subsection{Alignment}
+
+	By
+	{\ttfamily\verb|/snaptodo/margin block/.style={align=???}|}
+	one can control the alignment of note text.
+	The default setting is
+	{\ttfamily\verb|align=flush \std@leftright|},
+	which flushes the text toward the page edges.
+	If
+	{\ttfamily\verb|align=flush \std@rightleft|},
+	is what you do,%
+	\makeatletter
+	\todo[margin block/.style={align=flush \std@rightleft}]
+	{flush toward text body}
+	\makeatother
+	the text will be flushed toward the main
+	text body.  Don't forget that you need
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\makeatletter|}
+	and
+	{\ttfamily\verb|\makeatother|}
+	to handel control sequences with the at character.
+
+\subsection{Font}
+
+	Font size is controlled by
+	\todo[margin block/.style={font=\tiny}]{tiny}
+	\todo[margin block/.style={font=\Large}]{Large}
+	\todo[margin block/.style={font=\Huge}]{Huge}
+	{\ttfamily\verb|/snpatodo/margin block/.style={font=...}|}.
+	\todo[margin block/.style={font=\itshape}]{itshape}
+	\todo[margin block/.style={font=\sffamily}]{sffamily}
+	\todo[margin block/.style={font=\bfseries}]{bfseries}
+	So is font family.
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/before_after.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/before_after.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99552464e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/before_after.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage{snaptodo}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\marginparsep=48pt
+\marginparwidth=72pt
+
+\section{Before todo notes}
+
+We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,
+establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence,
+promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves
+and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United
+States of America.
+
+\def\todoexample{%
+	\pgfmathtruncatemacro\wc{round(1+rnd*10)}%
+	\todo{%
+		\foreach\w in{1,...,\wc}{%
+			\pgfmathsetmacro\l{1+rnd*10}%
+			\rule{\l pt}{1ex}
+		}%
+	},
+}
+\catcode`\,=\active
+\let,=\todoexample
+
+\section{After todo notes}
+
+We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,
+establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence,
+promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves
+and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United
+States of America.
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/circle_testing.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/circle_testing.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f501a03cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/circle_testing.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage[
+	papersize={4in,3in},
+	text={2in,2in},
+	marginparwidth=40pt,
+	marginparsep=20pt
+]{geometry}
+
+\usepackage{snaptodo}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\def\nframe{120}
+\foreach\fr in{1,...,\nframe}{
+	
+	\noindent\\[\dimexpr-1em-\baselineskip]
+	\todo{North West}
+	\hfill
+	\todo{North East}
+	
+	\vskip0ptplus1fill
+	\pgfmathsetmacro\x{72*cos(\fr0/\nframe*36*3)}
+	\pgfmathsetmacro\y{72*sin(\fr0/\nframe*36*2)}
+	\vskip\y pt
+	\noindent
+	\hskip1in
+	\hskip\x pt%
+	\todo{Hobbit}
+	\vskip-\y pt
+	\vskip0ptplus1fill
+	
+	\noindent
+	\todo{South West}
+	\hfill
+	\todo{South East}
+	\clearpage
+}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/minimal_testing.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/minimal_testing.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..428eaa1676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/minimal_testing.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{snaptodo}
+\begin{document}
+    Your done
+    \todo{Your todo}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/stress_testing.tex b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/stress_testing.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2b5617fce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/latex/contrib/snaptodo/test/stress_testing.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage{snaptodo}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\marginparsep=48pt
+\marginparwidth=72pt
+
+\def\todoexample{%
+	\pgfmathtruncatemacro\wc{round(1+rnd*10)}%
+	\todo{%
+		\foreach\w in{1,...,\wc}{%
+			\pgfmathsetmacro\l{1+rnd*10}%
+			\rule{\l pt}{1ex}
+		}%
+	},
+}
+\catcode`\,=\active
+\let,=\todoexample
+
+We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,
+establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence,
+promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves
+and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United
+States of America.
+
+Article. I.  Section. 1.  All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested
+in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of
+Representatives.
+
+
+Section. 2.  The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen
+every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each
+State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous
+Branch of the State Legislature.
+
+No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of
+twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who
+shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be
+chosen.
+
+Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States
+which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers,
+which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons,
+including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not
+taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made
+within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States,
+and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by
+Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty
+Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such
+enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse
+three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one,
+Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware
+one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and
+Georgia three.
+
+When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive
+Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.
+
+The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and
+shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.
+
+
+Section. 3.  The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators
+from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each
+Senator shall have one Vote.
+
+Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election,
+they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the
+Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second
+Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third
+Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every
+second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the
+Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary
+Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill
+such Vacancies.
+
+No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty
+Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not,
+when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
+
+The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate but
+shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
+
+The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore,
+in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of
+President of the United States.
+
+The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for
+that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the
+United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be
+convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
+
+Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from
+Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or
+Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be
+liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to
+Law.
+
+
+Section. 4.  The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and
+Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof;
+but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except
+as to the Places of chusing Senators.
+
+The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall
+be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different
+Day.
+
+
+Section. 5.  Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and
+Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a
+Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may
+be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and
+under such Penalties as each House may provide.
+
+Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for
+disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.
+
+Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time
+publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy;
+and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at
+the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.
+
+Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the
+other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in
+which the two Houses shall be sitting.
+
+
+Section. 6.  The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for
+their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the
+United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the
+Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their
+respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any
+Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other
+Place.
+
+No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be
+appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which
+shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased
+during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States,
+shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.
+
+
+Section. 7.  All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of
+Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on
+other Bills.
+
+Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate,
+shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United
+States: If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his
+Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the
+Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after
+such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it
+shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it
+shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it
+shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be
+determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against
+the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill
+shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after
+it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as
+if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its
+Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.
+
+Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and
+House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment)
+shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same
+shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall
+be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according
+to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
+
+
+Section. 8.  The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties,
+Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and
+general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall
+be uniform throughout the United States;
+
+To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;
+
+To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and
+with the Indian Tribes;
+
+To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject
+of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;
+
+To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the
+Standard of Weights and Measures;
+
+To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin
+of the United States;
+
+To establish Post Offices and post Roads;
+
+To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited
+Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings
+and Discoveries;
+
+To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;
+
+To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and
+Offences against the Law of Nations;
+
+To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning
+Captures on Land and Water;
+
+To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be
+for a longer Term than two Years;
+
+To provide and maintain a Navy;
+
+To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;
+
+To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union,
+suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
+
+To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for
+governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United
+States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers,
+and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed
+by Congress;
+
+To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District
+(not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of Particular States, and
+the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United
+States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent
+of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of
+Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards and other needful Buildings;—And
+
+To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution
+the foregoing Powers and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the
+Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
+
+
+Section. 9.  The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States
+now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the
+Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or
+duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each
+Person.
+
+The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when
+in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.
+
+No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
+
+No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the
+Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
+
+No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
+
+No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the
+Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from,
+one State, be obliged to enter, clear or pay Duties in another.
+
+No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations
+made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and
+Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.
+
+No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person
+holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of
+the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind
+whatever, from any King, Prince or foreign State.
+
+
+Section. 10.  No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation;
+grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any
+Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of
+Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or
+grant any Title of Nobility.
+
+No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties
+on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing
+it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any
+State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United
+States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the
+Congress.
+
+No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep
+Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact
+with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually
+invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.
+
+
+Article. II.  Section. 1.  The executive Power shall be vested in a President of
+the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four
+Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be
+elected, as follows:
+
+Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct,
+a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives
+to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or
+Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United
+States, shall be appointed an Elector.
+
+The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two
+Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with
+themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the
+Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit
+sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the
+President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of
+the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the
+Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes
+shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of
+Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and
+have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall
+immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a
+Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like
+Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be
+taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; a quorum
+for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the
+States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In
+every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest
+Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should
+remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by
+Ballot the Vice President.
+
+The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on
+which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the
+United States.
+
+No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at
+the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office
+of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that Office who shall not
+have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a
+Resident within the United States.
+
+In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death,
+Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office,
+the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law
+provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the
+President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as
+President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be
+removed, or a President shall be elected.
+
+The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation,
+which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he
+shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other
+Emolument from the United States, or any of them.
+
+Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath
+or Affirmation:—“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute
+the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my
+Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”
+
+
+Section. 2.  The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of
+the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into
+the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing,
+of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject
+relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to
+Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in
+Cases of Impeachment.
+
+He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make
+Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall
+nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint
+Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court,
+and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein
+otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress
+may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper,
+in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.
+
+The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during
+the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End
+of their next Session.
+
+
+Section. 3.  He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the
+State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he
+shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene
+both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with
+Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall
+think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall
+take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the
+Officers of the United States.
+
+
+Section. 4.  The President, Vice President and all Civil Officers of the United
+States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for and Conviction of,
+Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
+
+
+Article. III.  Section. 1.  The judicial Power of the United States, shall be
+vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may
+from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and
+inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at
+stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be
+diminished during their Continuance in Office.
+
+
+Section. 2.  The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity,
+arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties
+made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting
+Ambassadors, other public ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and
+maritime Jurisdiction;—to Controversies to which the United States shall be a
+Party;—to Controversies between two or more States;—between a State and Citizens
+of another State;—between Citizens of different States;—between Citizens of the
+same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State,
+or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
+
+In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and
+those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original
+Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall
+have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and
+under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
+
+The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and
+such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been
+committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such
+Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.
+
+
+Section. 3.  Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying
+War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.
+No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses
+to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.
+
+The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no
+Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during
+the Life of the Person attainted.
+
+
+Article. IV.  Section. 1.  Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to
+the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the
+Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records
+and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
+
+
+Section. 2.  The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and
+Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
+
+A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall
+flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the
+executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be
+removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
+
+No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof,
+escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein,
+be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of
+the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.
+
+
+Section. 3.  New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no
+new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State;
+nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of
+States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well
+as of the Congress.
+
+The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and
+Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United
+States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice
+any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.
+
+
+Section. 4.  The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a
+Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion;
+and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature
+cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
+
+
+Article. V.  The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it
+necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application
+of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention
+for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents
+and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of
+three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof,
+as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress;
+Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand
+eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses
+in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its
+Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
+
+
+Article. VI.  All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the
+Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under
+this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
+
+This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in
+Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the
+Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the
+Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or
+Laws of any state to the Contrary notwithstanding.
+
+The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the
+several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the
+United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation,
+to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a
+Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.
+
+\end{document}