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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
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+% This is a sample LaTeX input file. (Version of 12 August 2004.)
+%
+% A '%' character causes TeX to ignore all remaining text on the line,
+% and is used for comments like this one.
+
+\documentclass{article} % Specifies the document class
+
+ % The preamble begins here.
+\title{An Example Document} % Declares the document's title.
+\author{Leslie Lamport} % Declares the author's name.
+\date{January 21, 1994} % Deleting this command produces today's date.
+
+\newcommand{\ip}[2]{(#1, #2)}
+ % Defines \ip{arg1}{arg2} to mean
+ % (arg1, arg2).
+
+%\newcommand{\ip}[2]{\langle #1 | #2\rangle}
+ % This is an alternative definition of
+ % \ip that is commented out.
+
+\begin{document} % End of preamble and beginning of text.
+
+\maketitle % Produces the title.
+
+This is an example input file. Comparing it with
+the output it generates can show you how to
+produce a simple document of your own.
+
+\section{Ordinary Text} % Produces section heading. Lower-level
+ % sections are begun with similar
+ % \subsection and \subsubsection commands.
+
+The ends of words and sentences are marked
+ by spaces. It doesn't matter how many
+spaces you type; one is as good as 100. The
+end of a line counts as a space.
+
+One or more blank lines denote the end
+of a paragraph.
+
+Since any number of consecutive spaces are treated
+like a single one, the formatting of the input
+file makes no difference to
+ \LaTeX, % The \LaTeX command generates the LaTeX logo.
+but it makes a difference to you. When you use
+\LaTeX, making your input file as easy to read
+as possible will be a great help as you write
+your document and when you change it. This sample
+file shows how you can add comments to your own input
+file.
+
+Because printing is different from typewriting,
+there are a number of things that you have to do
+differently when preparing an input file than if
+you were just typing the document directly.
+Quotation marks like
+ ``this''
+have to be handled specially, as do quotes within
+quotes:
+ ``\,`this' % \, separates the double and single quote.
+ is what I just
+ wrote, not `that'\,''.
+
+Dashes come in three sizes: an
+ intra-word
+dash, a medium dash for number ranges like
+ 1--2,
+and a punctuation
+ dash---like
+this.
+
+A sentence-ending space should be larger than the
+space between words within a sentence. You
+sometimes have to type special commands in
+conjunction with punctuation characters to get
+this right, as in the following sentence.
+ Gnats, gnus, etc.\ all % `\ ' makes an inter-word space.
+ begin with G\@. % \@ marks end-of-sentence punctuation.
+You should check the spaces after periods when
+reading your output to make sure you haven't
+forgotten any special cases. Generating an
+ellipsis
+ \ldots\ % `\ ' is needed after `\ldots' because TeX
+ % ignores spaces after command names like \ldots
+ % made from \ + letters.
+ %
+ % Note how a `%' character causes TeX to ignore
+ % the end of the input line, so these blank lines
+ % do not start a new paragraph.
+ %
+with the right spacing around the periods requires
+a special command.
+
+\LaTeX\ interprets some common characters as
+commands, so you must type special commands to
+generate them. These characters include the
+following:
+ \$ \& \% \# \{ and \}.
+
+In printing, text is usually emphasized with an
+ \emph{italic}
+type style.
+
+\begin{em}
+ A long segment of text can also be emphasized
+ in this way. Text within such a segment can be
+ given \emph{additional} emphasis.
+\end{em}
+
+It is sometimes necessary to prevent \LaTeX\ from
+breaking a line where it might otherwise do so.
+This may be at a space, as between the ``Mr.''\ and
+``Jones'' in
+ ``Mr.~Jones'', % ~ produces an unbreakable interword space.
+or within a word---especially when the word is a
+symbol like
+ \mbox{\emph{itemnum}}
+that makes little sense when hyphenated across
+lines.
+
+Footnotes\footnote{This is an example of a footnote.}
+pose no problem.
+
+\LaTeX\ is good at typesetting mathematical formulas
+like
+ \( x-3y + z = 7 \)
+or
+ \( a_{1} > x^{2n} + y^{2n} > x' \)
+or
+ \( \ip{A}{B} = \sum_{i} a_{i} b_{i} \).
+The spaces you type in a formula are
+ignored. Remember that a letter like
+ $x$ % $ ... $ and \( ... \) are equivalent
+is a formula when it denotes a mathematical
+symbol, and it should be typed as one.
+
+\section{Displayed Text}
+
+Text is displayed by indenting it from the left
+margin. Quotations are commonly displayed. There
+are short quotations
+\begin{quote}
+ This is a short quotation. It consists of a
+ single paragraph of text. See how it is formatted.
+\end{quote}
+and longer ones.
+\begin{quotation}
+ This is a longer quotation. It consists of two
+ paragraphs of text, neither of which are
+ particularly interesting.
+
+ This is the second paragraph of the quotation. It
+ is just as dull as the first paragraph.
+\end{quotation}
+Another frequently-displayed structure is a list.
+The following is an example of an \emph{itemized}
+list.
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item This is the first item of an itemized list.
+ Each item in the list is marked with a ``tick''.
+ You don't have to worry about what kind of tick
+ mark is used.
+
+ \item This is the second item of the list. It
+ contains another list nested inside it. The inner
+ list is an \emph{enumerated} list.
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item This is the first item of an enumerated
+ list that is nested within the itemized list.
+
+ \item This is the second item of the inner list.
+ \LaTeX\ allows you to nest lists deeper than
+ you really should.
+ \end{enumerate}
+ This is the rest of the second item of the outer
+ list. It is no more interesting than any other
+ part of the item.
+ \item This is the third item of the list.
+\end{itemize}
+You can even display poetry.
+\begin{verse}
+ There is an environment
+ for verse \\ % The \\ command separates lines
+ Whose features some poets % within a stanza.
+ will curse.
+
+ % One or more blank lines separate stanzas.
+
+ For instead of making\\
+ Them do \emph{all} line breaking, \\
+ It allows them to put too many words on a line when they'd rather be
+ forced to be terse.
+\end{verse}
+
+Mathematical formulas may also be displayed. A
+displayed formula
+is
+one-line long; multiline
+formulas require special formatting instructions.
+ \[ \ip{\Gamma}{\psi'} = x'' + y^{2} + z_{i}^{n}\]
+Don't start a paragraph with a displayed equation,
+nor make one a paragraph by itself.
+
+\end{document} % End of document.