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author | Norbert Preining <norbert@preining.info> | 2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900 |
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committer | Norbert Preining <norbert@preining.info> | 2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900 |
commit | e0c6872cf40896c7be36b11dcc744620f10adf1d (patch) | |
tree | 60335e10d2f4354b0674ec22d7b53f0f8abee672 /language/aramaic/serto/sertodoc.ptex |
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diff --git a/language/aramaic/serto/sertodoc.ptex b/language/aramaic/serto/sertodoc.ptex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e8db093b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/language/aramaic/serto/sertodoc.ptex @@ -0,0 +1,961 @@ +\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} +%\newif\ifpdf\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined\pdffalse\else\pdftrue\fi + +%\usepackage{german} +\usepackage{times} +%\usepackage{mathptm} +%\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} +%\usepackage{covington} +%\usepackage{multicol} +%\usepackage{fancyhdr} +%\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{url} +\usepackage{alltt} +\usepackage{rotating} +\usepackage{array} +\usepackage{maketitel} +\usepackage{serto} +\usepackage{assyr} +\usepackage{longtable} +\usepackage{chicago2} +%\ifpdf +\usepackage[pdftex,colorlinks=true, +urlcolor=urlcol, % URL: http:// +citecolor=bibcol, % bibTeX +linkcolor=linkcol, % sections, footnotes, ... +pagecolor=linkcol, % links to other pages +filecolor=filecol, % URL: file:/ +pdftitle={Serto - A font for Syriac (Aramaic)}, +pdfauthor={Johannes Heinecke}, +pdfsubject={Oriental alphabets, Semitic languages},pdfkeywords={},pagebackref, +pdfpagemode=None,bookmarksopen=true]{hyperref} +\usepackage{color} +\definecolor{linkcol}{rgb}{0.75,0,0} +\definecolor{bibcol}{rgb}{0,0.5,0} +\definecolor{urlcol}{rgb}{0,0,0.75} +\definecolor{filecol}{rgb}{0,0,0.75} + +%\else +%\fi + +%\addtolength{\topmargin}{-15mm} +%\addtolength{\textheight}{30mm} +%\addtolength{\textwidth}{0mm} +%\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{0mm} +%\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{0mm} + +% EDIT sertodoc.ptex +% serto.py sertodoc.ptex > sertodoc.tex +% pdflatex sertodoc.tex + +\usepackage{parskip} + + +%\let\S=S % for verbatim +%\let\T=T % for verbatim +\def\st{Ser\d to} +\def\texxet{{\tt TeX-{}-XeT}} +\def\pdflatex{{\tt pdflatex}} +\def\SertoVersion{1.0} + +\newcommand{\showS}[1]{{\tt <S{}>#1</S{}>}} +\newcommand{\showT}[1]{{\tt <{}T>#1</{}T>}} +\newcommand{\showST}[1]{{\tt <S{}T>#1</S{}T>}} +\newcommand{\showC}[1]{{\tt <C{}>#1</C{}>}} +\newcommand{\showCT}[1]{{\tt <C{}T>#1</C{}T>}} +\newcommand{\SE}{{\tt <S>}} +\newcommand{\eSE}{{\tt </S>}} +\newcommand{\TR}{{\tt <T>}} +\newcommand{\eTR}{{\tt </T>}} +\newcommand{\ST}{{\tt <ST>}} +\newcommand{\eST}{{\tt </ST>}} + +\font\logo=logo10 scaled \magstep1 +\def\MF{{\logo METAFONT}} +\begin{document} +\title{<S>ser.t=a'</S> \emph{\st} -- a font for Syriac (Aramaic)} +\author{Johannes Heinecke} +\date{Version \SertoVersion, 30\textsuperscript{th} March 2013} +\maketitle + +\tableofcontents + +\section{Introduction} + +\emph{\st} is a form of the alphabet used for Aramaic (a +western semitic language) which has been spoken +in the Near East since at least 1100 BC. More precisely, \st is used for +Syriac which is the variant of Aramaic spoken since the second century +AD.\footnote{See \citeNP{ungnad1932}, +\citeNP{brockelmann1960}, \citeNP{costaz1986} or \citeNP{noeldeke1986} +(English translation \citeNP{noeldeke2001}) for further +information on Syriac.} + +Syriac used other alphabets as well, notably \emph{Es\d +trangelo}, which is not (yet) contained in this package. Since \st{} is +as the Arabic alphabet a syllabic script, vowels are marked by +diacritic marks above (or under) the consonantic letters. +Modern forms of Aramaic still use either \st{}, the Chaldean alphabet +or Es\d trangelo. + +Since Syriac split up in two main dialects in the fifth century AD, +two differing systems of vowel-marking were established: Whereas the +western dialect (Edessean) used Greek letters as vowel symbols (these +are the only ones provided by this package for the time being), the +eastern dialects uses dots to indicate the vowels (Chaldean vowels). + + +This package enables you to typeset words or paragraphs in \st{} using a +preprocessor which chooses the correct letter form depending on +context. In order to typeset paragraphs the use of a +recent version of \pdflatex\ is needed, which +can handle the right-to-left typesetting. +For older version of \LaTeX, the preprocessor must be used with the +option {\tt -o} (see section \ref{prep}). + +This package also included an adapted version of a Chaldean font (thanks to Tony +Khoshaba, who put this font to the Web). + +%<S>qa.t.tel qa.tel</S> + +%<S> ^sapiyr biy^s l=ak .</S> + +\section{The alphabets} + +Every letter in \st{} (and some letters in the Chaldean alphabet) +has several forms, depending on its position in +the word: An initial, medial or final form. Since some letters do not +connect to the following letter, there are isolated forms as well +(i.e. a letter which is not connected to the right nor the left). +The coding column in the following table refers to the preprocessor +described below (section \ref{prep}). If you do not want to use the +preprocessor, please refer to the encoding table in section \ref{enc}. + +\subsection{Consonants}\label{consonants} + + + +%\begin{tabular}{| >{\rule[-2mm]{0pt}{9mm}}c|c|c|c| r >{\it}l | >{\tt}c|} +\begin{longtable}{| >{\rule[-2mm]{0pt}{9mm}}c|c|c|c| c | + r l | + >{\it}c | >{\tt}c | } +\hline +\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{ser\d to forms} & & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{name} & \rm translit. & \rm coding \\ +\cline{1-4} +%\hline +\begin{turn}{90}isolated\end{turn} & +\begin{turn}{90}final\end{turn} & +\begin{turn}{90}medial\end{turn} & +\begin{turn}{90}initial\end{turn} & +\begin{turn}{90}Chaldean\end{turn} & & & & \endhead +\hline +<S>'</S> & <S>-'</S> & & & <C>'</C> & + <S>'=alap+</S> & <T>'=alap+</T> & \raise.2ex\hbox{$\rhook$} & '\\ +\hline +<S>b</S> & <S>-b</S> & <S>-b-</S> & <S>b-</S> & <C>b</C> & + <S>beyt+</S> & <T>beyt+</T> & b\footnotemark & b \\ + & & & & <C>v</C>\footnotemark & + & & v & v \\ +\hline +<S>g</S> & <S>-g</S> & <S>-g-</S> & <S>g-</S> &<C>g</C> & + <S>g=amal</S> & <T>g=amal</T> & g & g\\ + & & & & <C>.g</C> & + & & \d g & g \\ + & & & & <C>j</C> & + & & j & j \\ +\hline +<S>d</S> & <S>-d</S> & & &<C>d</C> & + <S>d=alat+</S> & <T>d=alat+</T> & d & d\\ +\hline +<S>h</S> & <S>-h</S> & & &<C>h</C> & + <S>he'</S> & <T>he'</T> & h & h\\ +\hline +<S>w</S> & <S>-w</S> & & &<C>w</C> & + <S>waw</S> & <T>waw</T> & w & w \\ +\hline +<S>z</S> & <S>-z</S> & & &<C>z</C> & + <S>zayn</S> & <T>zayn</T> & z & z \\ +\hline +<S>.h</S> & <S>-.h</S> & <S>-.h-</S> & <S>.h-</S> &<C>.h</C> & + <S>.heyt+</S> & <T>.heyt+</T> & \d h & .h\\ +\hline +<S>.t</S> & <S>-.t</S> & <S>-.t-</S> & <S>.t-</S> &<C>.t</C> & + <S>.teyt+</S> & <T>.teyt+</T> & \d t & .t\\ +\hline +<S>y</S> & <S>-y</S> & <S>-y-</S> & <S>y-</S> &<C>y</C> & + <S>y=ad+</S> & <T>y=ad+</T> & y & y \\ +\hline +<S>k</S> & <S>-k</S> & <S>-k-</S> & <S>k-</S> &<C>k</C> & + <S>k=ap+</S> & <T>k=ap+</T> & k & k\\ + & & & & <C>_k</C> & + & & \b h & \verb._k. \\ + & & & & <C>^k</C> & + & & \v c & \verb.^k. \\ +\hline +<S>l</S> & <S>-l</S> & <S>-l-</S> & <S>l-</S> & <C>l</C> & + <S>l=amad+</S> & <T>l=amad+</T> & l & l\\ +\hline +<S>m</S> & <S>-m</S> & <S>-m-</S> & <S>m-</S> & <C>m</C> & + <S>miym</S> & <T>miym</T> & m & m\\ +\hline +<S>n</S> & <S>-n</S> & <S>-n-</S> & <S>n-</S> &<C>n</C> & + <S>nuwn</S> & <T>nuwn</T> & n & n\\ +\hline +<S>s</S> & <S>-s</S> & <S>-s-</S> & <S>s-</S> &<C>s</C> & + <S>semkat+</S> & <T>semkat+</T> & s & s\\ +\hline +<S>`</S> & <S>-`</S> & <S>-`-</S> & <S>`-</S> &<C>`</C> & + <S>`e'</S> & <T>`e'</T> & \raise.2ex\hbox{$\lhook$} & ` \\ +\hline +<S>p</S> & <S>-p</S> & <S>-p-</S> & <S>p-</S> &<C>p</C> & + <S>pe'</S> & <T>pe'</T> & p & p \\ + & & & & <C>f</C> & + & & f & f \\ +\hline +<S>.s</S> & <S>-.s</S> & & &<C>.s</C> & + <S>.s=ade'</S> & <T>.s=ade'</T> & \d s & .s\\ +\hline +<S>q</S> & <S>-q</S> & <S>-q-</S> & <S>q-</S> &<C>q</C> & + <S>q=ap+</S> & <T>q=ap+</T> & q & q \\ +\hline +%\newpage +%\hline +<S>r</S> & <S>-r</S> & <S>-r-</S> & <S>r-</S> &<C>r</C> & + <S>riy^s</S> & <T>riy^s</T> & r & r \\ +%\hline +<S>R</S> & <S>-R</S> & <S>-R-</S> & <S>R-</S> &<C>R</C> & + & & & R\\ +\hline +<S>^s</S> & <S>-^s</S> & <S>-^s-</S> & <S>^s-</S> &<C>^s</C> & + <S>^siyn</S> & <T>^siyn</T> & \v s & \verb.^s.\\ +\hline +<S>t</S> & <S>-t</S> & & &<C>t</C> & + <S>taw</S> & <T>taw</T> & t & t\\ + & & & & <C>_t</C> & + & & \b{t} & \verb._t. \\ + +\hline +\end{longtable} +%\end{tabular} + +\addtocounter{footnote}{-1} +\footnotetext{The \emph{be\=ga\b dke\=pa\b t} are not yet always processed. +In general, the doubling of the consonant creates a <ST>qu^s^s=ay=a'</ST> in +the syriac text and does not change the +transliteration. On the other hand, a consonant followed by {\tt+} will +receive a <ST>ruwkk=ak+=a'</ST> and in the transliteration \emph{bgdkft} +will appear as \emph{\b b\=g\b d\b h\=p\b t}.} + +\stepcounter{footnote} +\footnotetext{Modern Aramaic dialects using the Chaldean alphabet have +diacritic symbols (dots and tildes) which can be typeset directly.} + + +\subsection{Vowels}\label{vowels} + +The package allows to typeset the greek vowels or Chaldean vowels symbols. +To have the vowel symbol written in inversed form +under the consonant, user upper case input. + + +\begin{quote} +{\bf ATTENTION:} I had to change the coding of <T>zq=ap+=a'</T> +(<S>_=a</S>) from {\tt o} to \verb.=a. in order to accomodate the new +letter <S>_o</S> (coding {\tt o}). In texts encoded up to version 0.4 +{\tt o} has to be replaced by \verb.=a. Sorry for any +inconveniances. +\end{quote} + + +\begin{tabular}[t]{| >{\rule[-3mm]{0pt}{11mm}}c | c | r l | c | >{\tt}c |} +\hline +Greek & Chaldean & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{name} & \rm transliteration & \rm coding \\ +%form & form & & & & \\ +\hline +<S>_a</S> & <S>_:a</S> & <S>pt+=a.h=a'</S> & <T>pt+=a.h=a'</T> & <T>a</T> & a \\ +\hline +<S>_e</S> & <S>_:e</S> & <S>rb+=a.s=a'</S> & <T>rb+=a.s=a'</T> & <T>e</T> & e \\ +\hline +<S>_i</S> & <S>_:i</S> & <S>.hb+=a.s=a'</S> & <T>.hb+=a.s=a'</T> & <T>i</T> & i \\ +\hline +<S>_=a</S> & <S>_:=a</S> & <S>zq=ap+=a'</S> & <T>zq=ap+=a'</T> & <T>=a</T> & =a \\ +\hline +<S>_u</S> & <S>_:u</S> & <S>`.s=a.s=a'</S> & <T>`.s=a.s=a'</T> & <T>u</T> & u \\ +\hline +<S>_o</S> & <S>_:o</S> & & & <T>=a</T> & o \\ +\hline +<S>_P</S> & & <S>sy=a--Pme'</S> & <T>sy=a--Pme'</T> & & P \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +~~~~~~ +\begin{tabular}[t]{| >{\rule[-4mm]{0pt}{11mm}}c | >{\tt}c |} +\hline +Greek & \rm coding \\ +%form & \\ +\hline +<S>_A</S> & A \\ +\hline +<S>_E</S> & E \\ +\hline +<S>_I</S> & I \\ +\hline +<S>_=A</S> & =A \\ +\hline +<S>_U</S> & U \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} + +Note: The <T>.hb+=a.s=a'</T> and <T>`.s=a.s=a'</T> of the Eastern or +Chaldean vowels do in general occur together with a \emph{mater +lectionis}: +<S>l:iy</S>, <S>l:ow</S> (or <C>l:iy</C>, <C>l:ow</C>) + +The <ST>sy=a--Pme'</ST> is processed as a vowel sign, even if it is not so +from a linguistic point of view. Its coding \showS{P} is chose because +of its plural signification. If you do not want it over a letter, put +it over a word stretch: The Aramaic at the beginning of this paragraph +has been typset in the following: \showS{sy=a--Pme'}. + + +To avoid that the simple preprocessor does not mess about +with vowels in ligatures (notably \emph{L\=ama\b d-\=alaf} +and \emph{\=Alaf-l\=ama\b d} the vowel must be set after both +consonants of the ligature: + +\showS{l=a'} yields (incorrect) <ST>l=a'</ST> +but \showS{l'=a} yields the vocalized ligature <ST>l'=a</ST> + +\showS{'Al=Ah=a'} yields (incorrect) <ST>'Al=Ah=a'</ST> +but \showS{'la=Ah=a'} yields the vocalized ligature <ST>'la=Ah=a'</ST> + +The Chaldean letters do not have this ligature. Instead, a +<T>taw-=al=af</T> ligature is provided: +<CT>sipr=ayuwt'a</CT> + +The default vowels are the greek-based vowels. In order to get +Chaldean vowels, it suffices to add {\tt:} in front of the vowel in +coding. +Thus you can set the most famous Aramaic phrase in all Syriac +alphabets in either vowel system: + +\showS{eliy eliy lm=an=a' s=ab=akt=aniy}\\ +<S>eliy eliy lm=an=a' s=ab=akt=aniy</S> + +\showS{:el:iy :el:iy lm:=an:=a' s:=ab:=akt:=an:iy}\\ +<S>:el:iy :el:iy lm:=an:=a' s:=ab:=akt:=an:iy</S> + +\showC{eliy eliy lm=an=a' s=ab=akt=aniy}\\ +<C>eliy eliy lm=an=a' s=ab=akt=aniy</C> + +\showC{:el:iy :el:iy lm:=an:=a' s:=ab:=akt:=an:iy}\\ +\hfill <C>:el:iy ':el:iy lm:=an:=a' s:=ab:=akt:=an:iy</C> + + + +\subsection{Transliteration and long vowels} + +As mention in section \ref{prep} below, the preprocessor can produce a +transliteration as well. The transliteration can be defined in the +table used by the preprocessor {\tt serto.font} and {\tt assyr.font}. The current +definition uses the transcription as shown in the tables in sections +\ref{consonants} and \ref{vowels}, with the exception of long vowels. +In words using a vowel symbol together with a \emph{mater lectionis}, +the transliteration shows the transcription instead, for instance +<S>.heyt+</S> transliterates as <T>.heyt+</T> and not \emph{\d hey\b +t} and <ST>q=aye'm</ST>: + +\begin{tabular}{| >{\rule[-4mm]{0pt}{11mm}}r | r | c | >{\tt}c |} +\hline +Greek & Chaldean & \rm transliteration & \rm coding \\ +\hline +<S>--=a'</S> & <C>--:=a'</C> & <T>_=a'</T> & =a' \\ +\hline +<S>--ey</S> & <C>--:ey</C> & <T>_ey</T> & ey \\ +\hline +<S>--e'</S> & <C>--:e'</C> & <T>_e'</T> & e' \\ +\hline +<S>--iy</S> & <C>--:iy</C> & <T>_iy</T> & iy \\ +\hline +<S>--uw</S> & <C>--:uw</C> & <T>_uw</T> & uw \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} + + + +\subsection{Punctuation and paragraph marks} + +\begin{tabular}{| >{\rule[-4mm]{0pt}{11mm}}c | >{\tt}c |} +\hline +form & \rm coding \\ +\hline +<S>.</S> & . \\ +\hline +<S>:</S> & : \\ +\hline +<S>.X.</S> & .X. \\ +\hline +<S>.:.</S> & .:. \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +~~~~~~~ +\begin{tabular}{| >{\rule[-4mm]{0pt}{11mm}}c | >{\tt}c |} +\hline +form & \rm coding \\ +\hline +<S>:: </S> & :: \\ +\hline +<S>:- </S> & :- \\ +\hline +<S>.~. </S> & \verb:.~.: \\ +\hline +<S>./.</S> & ./. \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} + +\subsection{Unicode} + +This package has a limited Unicode support in that texts encoded in UTF8 +can be directly typeset. In order to activate the UTF8 interpretation, either +use UTF8 for your whole document by declaring \verb+\usepackage[utf8]+\verb+{inputenc}+ +in the preamble of you document, or just put +\verb+%\usepackage[utf8]+\verb+{inputenc}+ somewhere at the beginning of your document. + +\subsection{The encoding}\label{enc} + +\def\cell#1{\char'#1} + +\def\cellrow#1{ +& \cell{#10} & \cell{#11} & \cell{#12} & \cell{#13} & +\cell{#14} & \cell{#15} & \cell{#16} & \cell{#17} \\ \hline} + +\def\reihe#1{\it '#10 \cellrow{#1}} + + + +\def\xcell#1{\char"#1} +\def\xcellrow#1{ +& \xcell{#10} & \xcell{#11} & \xcell{#12} & \xcell{#13} & + \xcell{#14} & \xcell{#15} & \xcell{#16} & \xcell{#17} & + \xcell{#18} & \xcell{#19} & \xcell{#1A} & \xcell{#1B} & + \xcell{#1C} & \xcell{#1D} & \xcell{#1E} & \xcell{#1F} \\ \hline} +\def\xreihe#1{\it "#1n \xcellrow{#1}} + +The following table shows the internal encoding of the +defined letters of \st\ and the Chaldean variant. + +\newif\ifhextabelle +\hextabelletrue +%\pdfoutput\undefined\pdffalse\else\pdftrue\fi + +\ifhextabelle +{\serto +\begin{tabular}{ r || c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | + c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | } +& \it 0 & \it 1 & \it 2 & \it 3 & \it 4 & \it 5 & \it 6 & \it 7 + & \it 8 & \it 9 & \it A & \it B & \it C & \it D & \it E & \it F \\ +\hline\hline +\xreihe{0} +\xreihe{1} +\xreihe{2} +\xreihe{3} +\xreihe{4} +\xreihe{5} +\xreihe{6} +\xreihe{7} +\xreihe{8} +\xreihe{9} +\xreihe{A} +%\xreihe{B} +%\xreihe{C} +%\xreihe{D} +%\xreihe{E} +%\xreihe{F} +\end{tabular}} + + +{\assyr +\begin{tabular}{ r || c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | + c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | } +& \it 0 & \it 1 & \it 2 & \it 3 & \it 4 & \it 5 & \it 6 & \it 7 + & \it 8 & \it 9 & \it A & \it B & \it C & \it D & \it E & \it F \\ +\hline\hline +\xreihe{0} +\xreihe{1} +\xreihe{2} +\xreihe{3} +\xreihe{4} +\xreihe{5} +\xreihe{6} +\xreihe{7} +\xreihe{8} +\xreihe{9} +\xreihe{A} +%\xreihe{B} +%\xreihe{C} +%\xreihe{D} +%\xreihe{E} +%\xreihe{F} +\end{tabular}} + +\else + + +{\serto +\begin{tabular}{ r || c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | } +& \it 0 & \it 1 & \it 2 & \it 3 & \it 4 & \it 5 & \it 6 & \it 7 \\ +\hline\hline +\reihe{00} +\reihe{01} +\reihe{02}\reihe{03} +\reihe{04} +\reihe{05}%\reihe{06} +\reihe{07} +\reihe{10}\reihe{11} +\reihe{12}\reihe{13}%\reihe{14} +\reihe{15}\reihe{16} +\reihe{17} +\reihe{20} +\reihe{21} +\reihe{22} +\reihe{23} +\reihe{24} +\reihe{25} +\end{tabular}} + + + +{\assyr +\begin{tabular}{ r || c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | } +& \it 0 & \it 1 & \it 2 & \it 3 & \it 4 & \it 5 & \it 6 & \it 7 \\ +\hline\hline +\reihe{00} +\reihe{01} +\reihe{02} +\reihe{03} +\reihe{04} +\reihe{05} +%\reihe{06} +\reihe{07} +\reihe{10} +\reihe{11} +\reihe{12} +\reihe{13} +\reihe{14} +\reihe{15} +\reihe{16} +\reihe{17} +%\reihe{20} +%\reihe{21} +%\reihe{22} +%\reihe{23} +%\reihe{24} +%\reihe{25} +\end{tabular}} +\fi + +\urlstyle{same} + +\section{The preprocessor {\tt serto.py}}\label{prep} + +Typesetting of texts is still not yet possible with standard \LaTeX, since the +right-to-left typesetting (as for +instance as in Arab\TeX) has not yet been implemented. For the time +being I propose a preprocessor (written in {\sc +Python}\footnote{Every version from 2.4 onwards up to version 2.7 should do; Python 3.* however does not work {\sc +Python} is an interpreted +object oriented programming language available for many operating +systems (\url{http://www.python.org}).}) and \pdflatex. + +I'm well aware that {\tt serto.py} is not part of the most beautiful pieces +of software code, on the contrary, it's rather spaghetti code. Many things could +have been in a more intelligent way, but it works, which is the most important thing. +If you find the time to improve it please share your changes with me! + + +\subsection{Using the preprocessor} + +The preprocessor is called with the \LaTeX-file as argument: + +\verb| serto.py [-o] ppfilename.tex > filename.tex| + +The resulting \LaTeX-file can be \LaTeX ed as usually. Please make +sure to have the \verb.\usepackage{serto}. included in your preamble. + +The option {\tt -o} is necessary if you use an older version of \LaTeX\ which is +not capable to typeset texts from the right to the left (\texxet extension). The {\tt -o} +-option tells the preprocessor to inverse the letters on its +own. In order to typeset whole paragraphs \pdflatex\ is the better +solution. Usually it comes with every modern \TeX-distribution. +At least on Ubuntu 12.04 (texlive package), the standardly installed \pdflatex\ behaves correctly. + +The preprocessor recognizes two types of commands. Within a +single line you can put Syriac words between \SE\ and \eSE: +For example \showS{ser.t=a'} becomes <S>ser.t=a'</S>. + +\ST\ and \eST\ generate the enclosed part in \st\ and +generates a transliteration as well +(\showST{mdiyt=a'} becomes <ST>mdiyt=A'</ST> ``city''), +whereas \TR\ and \eTR\ can be used for parts only need in +transliterated form (\showT{ser.t=a'} becomes <T>ser.t=a'</T>). +Since in transliteration a ``neutral vowel'' is needed, which does not +appear in \st, the code \verb.@. can be used: +\showST{\^{}s\symbol{64}m=a`} produces <ST>^s@m=a`</ST> + +For multiple lines, start a block using {\tt <SERTO>}\footnote{Using +{\tt <SERTO>} or {\tt <TRANS>} implies the using of the {\tt -e} +option of the preprocessor {\tt serto.py}. If you do not use the {\tt -e} +option the resulting \LaTeX-file is likely to be syntactically incorrect.} +in a line on its +own. This block can be closed by {\tt </SERTO>}. +%To have a block in \st\ and in transliterated form, use {\tt +%<SERTOTRANS} and {\tt </SERTOTRANS>}. +If you need transliterated Syriac, +use {\tt </TRANS>} and {\tt </TRANS>}. The commands {\tt <SERTO>}/{\tt +</SERTO>} and {\tt </TRANS>}/{\tt </TRANS>} do not work properly with the +{\tt -o} option of the preprocessor and and older \LaTeX. If you add +\TeX-commands in these blocks, a right-to-left typesetting version of \LaTeX\ is obligatory. + + + + +For the time being the preprocessor tries to set the hard sign +<ST>qu^s^s=ay=a'</ST> %\emph{qu\v s\v s\=oy\=o} +on top of a consonant if the consonant +is doubled in the input: + +\showS{q.tl} yields <S>q.tl</S> +but \showS{q.t.tl} yields <S>q.t.tl</S> + +In cases where you need a <ST>qu^s^s=ay=a'</ST> %\emph{qu\v s\v s\=oy\=o} +without wanting to double the consonant, a {\tt *} can be used after +the letter to typeset a dot above a letter: \showS{h*=anon} produces +<ST>h*=anon</ST> and \showS{\^{}sl=amk+on} results in <ST>^sl=amk+on</ST> + +%<ST>wadd*=ame'</ST> + +To avoid a <T>qu^s^s=ay=a'</T> (when you need to adjacent identical consontants, either use +a vowel on the first, +use the stretching symbol: + +\showS{maml'e} yields <ST>maml'e</ST>\\ +{\tt <S{}>m\verb.^.ml'</S{}>} yields <ST>m^ml'</ST>\\ +\showC{maml'e} yields <CT>maml'e</CT>\\ +{\tt <C{}>m\verb.^.ml'</C{}>} yields <CT>m^ml'</CT>\\ + + +To get the soft sign <ST>ruwkk=ak+=a'</ST> %\emph{rukk\=o\b h\=o} +a {\tt +} must \emph{follow} the letter: +\showS{'ab+d=a'} yields <S>'ab+d=a'</S> + + +An \emph{\=alaf} is autmatically prefixed before an initial vowel: + +\showS{etqa.tel} and \showS{'etqa.tel} both yield <S>etqa.tel</S> + +Sometimes the letter \emph{r\=\i\v s} is written with two points. To +achieve this, use {\tt R} instead of {\tt r} in the input: + +\showS{\^{}sapiyRe'} yields <S>^sapiyRe'</S> + +Silent consonants have a bar <ST>mb+a.tl=an=a'</ST> %\emph{mva\d tl\=on\=o} +(\emph{linea occultans}) +under the line which is produced by {\tt =} just before the consonant +(attention {\tt =a}, however, yields <S>=a</S>: + +\showS{'an=tt} yields <S>'an=tt</S> + +In order to have the \emph{linea occultans} on top of the letter, use {\tt ==}: + +\showS{h==wiyt} yields <S>h==wiyt</S> + +There is no automatic stretching yet, but the \verb.--. can be used to +insert a ``manual stretch'': + +\showS{napiyqt=a'} becomes <S>napiyqt=a'</S> but +\showS{na-{}-piyq-{}-t=a'} is printed as <S>na--piyq--t=a'</S> + +This works also for the Chaldean letters +\showC{n:ap:iyqt:=a'} becomes <C>n:ap:iyqt:=a'</C> but +\showC{n:a-{}-p:iyq-{}-t:=a'} is printed as <C>n:a--p:iyq--t:=a'</C> + +If you do not use the preprocessor, you can activate \st\ by the +command \verb.\serto.. In this case you have to choose the correct +letters yourself, and use the commands +\verb.\upperserto{.\emph{vowelnumber}\verb.}{.\emph{letter}\verb.}. or +\verb.\lowerserto{.\emph{vowelnumber}\verb.}{.\emph{letter}\verb.}. to +set vowels. Please see the encoding table in section \ref{enc} for the +correct vowel numbers. + +In order to get bold letters, you can use \verb.\sertob. with or +without preprocessor (see section \ref{prep} for more information +on the preprocessor. + +\section{The format of the {\tt*.font} files} + +These files are necessary to tell the preprocessor where (in the font) +a certain letter is found, and whether it has different forms. The +format is straight forward, with, however, a few idiosynchrasies. +In general there are two sections, the first (starting with a line +\verb.#FONT.) indicates which letter has which form in which position +and a second (\verb.#TRANS.) to define the transcription. + +The first part consists of lines like the following\\ +\verb.b beth 66+124 66 66 66+124 1.\\ +which reads, coding \verb.b. is for the letter \emph{beth}, its +isolated form is character 66 followed by character 124, its initial +and medial form is character 66, it's final form is character 66 +followed by character 124 and the next letter (if any) must take it's +medial form. + +However, if one of the four last columns has a value of $-1$, no form +is provided in the font. +Values from 0 to 15 are reserved for accents/vowels above the line, +values from 16 to 31 are reserved for vowels under the line. + +The lines + +\verb. ~ blank 32 32 32 32 0.\\ +\verb. Q shadda 6 6 6 6 2.\\ +\verb. -- stretch 45 45 45 45 1.\\ + +must not be deleted. + +The coding for digits (starting with 0 up to 9 in the first column +cannot have the \verb.+. in the position definition + +The transcription definition defines for each coding symbol (defined +in the font-section) a valid \TeX-string to be used if transcription +is needed, e.g. + +\verb- .t \d{t}- + +i.e. the coding \verb-.t- will be representend by \emph{\d{t}} in +transcribed portions. + +\section{Two examples} + +Some of the following can be found in {\tt example.ptex} +which comes +with this package. +%If you do not have \elatex, you cannot set texts in \st\ but only +%single words. + + +The following input was used to generate the output below: + + +\begin{quote}\small +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} +usepackage{serto} + +\begin{document} +\end{verbatim} + +\begin{alltt} +<S{}>men qadiy^se' ho' tetqada^s</S{}> + +<S{}T>kmo' dat+basb@suwn pagdo'</S{}T> +\end{alltt} + +\begin{verbatim} +\end{document} +\end{verbatim} +\end{quote} + + +\begin{quote} +<S>men qadiy^se' h=a' tetqada^s</S> + +<ST>km=a' dat+basb@suwn pagd=a'</ST> +\end{quote} + + + +%In order to set more than just words +%\elatex\ (needed for the \texxet\ extension) must be used. +%\elatex\ properly sets text from the right to the left. + + + +\begin{quote} +<SERTO> +wk=ad .hzaw kuwmd'e da.h.tIyt=A': medem da`bad na.siy.h=a': +lAbkuwh=y= wa'sruwh=y= wa'ytIywh=y= qd=am malk=a'. +we'^stA`iyw lmalk=a' me----dem da`bad {\sertob l'Al=Ahayhwn}. m=alk=a' +deyn 'ema----r. l'=a hw=a' me^stAwd=ay=aw 'e^stEwdiyt lIy dtEdba.h +l'Ap=aluw: na.siy.h=a' 'emar. liy 'la=Ahe' 'ayleyn dma't`eyn. l'=a +hw=a' 'la=Ahe' 'Enuwn. qareb 'Enuwn lIy lh=ark=a'. +\sertob wl'=A +^suwbh=adhuwn dakiys.ty=ane' l'=a ^s=abeq '=n=a' .had menhuwn +dl'=a mdaqeq '=n=a' `adm=a' lram^s=a'. +</SERTO> +\end{quote} + + + +The preceding text was set typeset with the following +input: + + +\begin{quote}\small +\begin{verbatim} +\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} +\usepackage{serto} +\begin{document} +\end{verbatim} +\verb.<SERTO>. +\begin{verbatim} +wk=ad .hzaw kuwmd'e da.h.tIyt=A' : medem +da`bad na.siy.h=a': lAbkuwh=y= +wa'sruwh=y= wa'ytIywh=y= qd=am malk=a'. +we'^stA`iyw lmalk=a' me----dem da`bad +{\sertob l'Al=Ahayhwn}. m=alk=a' deyn 'emar. l'=a hw=a' +me^stAwd=ay=aw 'e^stEwdiyt lIy dtEdba.h +l'Ap=aluw: na.siy.h=a' 'emar. liy 'la=Ahe' +'ayleyn dma't`eyn. l'=a hw=a' 'la=Ahe' +'Enuwn. qareb 'Enuwn lIy lh=ark=a'. \sertob wl'=A +^suwbh=adhuwn dakiys.ty=ane' l'=a ^s=abeq +'=n=a' .had menhuwn dl'=a mdaqeq '=n=a' +`adm=a' lram^s=a'. +\end{verbatim} +\verb.</SERTO>. + +\verb.\end{document}. +\end{quote} + +Replacing {\tt <SERTO>} by {\tt <CHALDEAN>} +results in this + +\begin{quote} +<CHALDEAN> +wk=ad .hzaw kuwmd'e da.h.tIyt=A': medem da`bad na.siy.h=a': +lAbkuwh=y= wa'sruwh=y= wa'ytIywh=y= qd=am malk=a'. +we'^stA`iyw lmalk=a' me----dem da`bad {\assyrb l'Al=Ahayhwn}. m=alk=a' +deyn 'ema----r. l'=a hw=a' me^stAwd=ay=aw 'e^stEwdiyt lIy dtEdba.h +l'Ap=aluw: na.siy.h=a' 'emar. liy 'la=Ahe' 'ayleyn dma't`eyn. l'=a +hw=a' 'la=Ahe' 'Enuwn. qareb 'Enuwn lIy lh=ark=a'. +\assyrb wl'=A +^suwbh=adhuwn dakiys.ty=ane' l'=a ^s=abeq '=n=a' .had menhuwn +dl'=a mdaqeq '=n=a' `adm=a' lram^s=a'. +</CHALDEAN> +\end{quote} + + + +The file was preprocessed using {\tt serto.py}. + +\section{Things still missing} + +The todo-list is long. I try to add features etc. as soon as possible. +Please tell me items you would like to have, but which are not yet on +this list. Any volunteers are welcome! + + +\begin{itemize} +\item proper typsetting of texts (without preprocessor, +maybe in the Arab\TeX\ package) +\item proper treatment of \emph{matr\=es lectionis} (long vowels) +%\item treatment of the <ST>sy=ame'</ST> %\emph{sey\=om\=e} +\item proper treatment of the silent bar <ST>mb+a.tl=an=a'</ST> +%\emph{mva\d tl\=on\=o} +\item proper treatment of \emph{be\=ga\b dke\=pa\b t} with +hard sign <ST>qu^s^s=ay=a'</ST> %\emph{qu\v s\v s\=oy\=o} +and soft sign <ST>ruwkk=ak+=a'</ST> %\emph{rukk\=o\b h\=o} +\item automatic transcription mode +\item interpunction +\item proper dealing with ligatures +%\item Chaldean vowels +%\item unicode input +\item <ST>'es.trangel=a'</ST> %and Chaldean glyphs +\item numbers +%\item support for typical encodings and for unicode (UTF-8) either via +%%the preprocessor or via +the \verb:inputenc.sty: package. +%\item creating Type 1 fonts from the \MF-sources +\item support for existing Syriac fonts +\end{itemize} + +\section{Installation} + +The easiest way to install the fonts and the preprocessor is by installing +the debian package (this includes only the {\tt pfb}, {\tt tfm} and {\tt afm} files for the fonts), +the needed styles and the preprocessor, but not the \MF{} sources: + +{\verb+ +\tt sudo dpkg -i serto-\SertoVersion.deb} + +If you are not on a Debian or Ubuntu plateform, you need to install +manually from the {\tt .tgz} file: + + +\subsection{Using Metafont sources} +Put the {\tt *.mf} files into a subdirectory {\tt serto} of your +metafont branch in your {\tt texmf}-directory. For example using +the texlive distribution under Linux, you should put them into +{\tt\url{/usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/source/serto/}}. Do not forget to call {\tt texhash} +in order to make the tex software find the newly installed fonts. + +\subsection{Using vector fonts} +Using vector fonts depends a little from the \TeX-installation used, the following +is tested for Ubuntu 12.04 and 10.04, it will probably work on Debian platforms as well, or +other platforms using the texlive installation. + +\begin{itemize} + \item copy {\tt syriac.map} to {\tt /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/config/} + \item copy {\tt *.afm} to {\tt /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/afm/syriac/serto/} + \item copy {\tt *.pfb} to {\tt /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/type1/syriac/} + \item add {\tt Map syriac.map} to {\tt /etc/texmf/updmap.d/10local.cfg} + \item run {\tt sudo update-updmap} + \item run {\tt sudo updmap-sys} +\end{itemize} + + +\subsection{Other files} +The Stylefile etc. {\tt *.sty}, {\tt *.fd} go into a directory for +stylefiles, +e.g. \url{/usr/local/share/texmf/tex/latex/serto/}. + +The preprocessor {\tt serto.py} and the encoding file {\tt +serto.font} somewhere where it can be found (e.g +{\tt \url{/usr/local/bin}}). They must reside in the same directory unless you specify +in the environment variable {\tt SERTOFONTDIR} the directory containing +{\tt serto.font} and {\tt assyr.font}. +Possibly you have to adjust the first line +of the preprocessor \verb.#!/usr/bin/python. if your python +interpreter is somewhere else. + +\section{License} + +This Material is subjec to the LaTeX Project Public LiĀcense 1.3 +(\url{http://ctan.org/license/lppl1.3}). + +\section{Changelog} + +\begin{itemize} +\item Version 1.0 + \begin{itemize} + \item adding a character for the \emph{linea occultans} above the letter + \item {\tt SERTOFONTDIR} enviromnment variable to specify the directory of {\tt *.font} files + \item some UTF8 support + \end{itemize} +\item Version 0.7 + \begin{itemize} + \item Chaldean vowels + \item Integration of the Chaldean font provided by Tony Khoshaba + \item Major adjustements to the {\tt serto.py} preprocessor + \end{itemize} +\item Version 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 + \begin{itemize} + \item can't remember, didn't keep track of changelog those days\dots + \end{itemize} +\item Version 0.1 + \begin{itemize} + \item Initial version + \end{itemize} +\end{itemize} + +\bibliographystyle{engl} +\bibliography{buch} + + +\end{document} |