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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
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+%% This file contains all materials for TTN 1,4 (1992).
+%%
+%% IMPORTANT NOTICE: You *MUST* use version 1.4 of the TTN style
+%% file, called ttn1n4.sty.
+%% (Ch. Thiele, Editor, TTN).
+%%
+
+\documentstyle[twoside]{ttn1n4} %% Version 1.4, Nov. 1992
+
+% 1992.2.27: fix for underfull hboxes suggested by Phil Taylor (CJC)
+\tolerance = 1817 \hbadness = \tolerance
+
+\begin{document}
+\newif\ifdcr
+\dcrtrue
+\ifdcr%
+\immediate\write16{Warning: the font dcr10 is assumed to be available}%
+\immediate\write16{on your system. If it is not then you will}%
+\immediate\write16{encounter errors when TeXing this document}%
+\immediate\write16{and ttn1n4 will not appear as intended.}%
+\immediate\write16{Please see the file ttn1n4.hlp for more information.}%
+\fi
+
+%% Cover 1 (for electronic version only). A special cover is printed
+%% at the TUG Office, using the TUG logo block.
+
+\pagestyle{empty}
+
+{\Large
+
+\begin{flushleft}
+ Volume 1, Number 4
+\end{flushleft}
+
+\vspace{-3.1pc}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+December 1992
+\end{flushright}
+
+\vspace{6pc}
+
+\hrule height2pt
+
+\vspace{2pt}
+
+\hrule
+
+\vspace{3pt}
+
+\begin{center}
+ \Huge \TeX\ and TUG NEWS
+\end{center}
+
+\hrule
+
+\vspace{2pt}
+
+\hrule height2pt
+
+\vspace{1pc}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ for and by the \TeX\ community
+\end{flushright}
+
+\vfill
+
+\begin{center}
+ A Publication of the\\
+ \TeX\ Users Group\\
+\vspace{3pc}
+ Electronic version
+\end{center}
+
+} %% end of \Large
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% COVER 2 (editorial information):
+
+\pagestyle{empty}
+
+\begin{center}
+ {\Sectionfont\TeX{} and TUG NEWS}
+\end{center}
+
+\vspace{.5pc}
+
+{\small \baselineskip=10pt
+\begin{center} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
+ \begin{tabular}{||lp{9.5cm}||}
+ \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\bf Mission Statement} \\ [6pt]
+ \hline
+ \multicolumn{2}{||l||}{The \TUG\ (\tug) provides leadership:} \\
+ 1. & to encourage and expand the use of \TeX, \MF, and related
+ systems \\
+ 2. & to ensure the integrity and portability of \TeX, \MF, and
+ related systems \\
+ 3. & to foster innovation in high-quality electronic document
+ preparation \\
+ \hline
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\vspace{1pc}
+
+\noindent \TTN\ is a newsletter for \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} users alike:
+{\em a forum for exchanging information, tips and suggestions\/}; {\em
+a regular means of communicating news items to one another\/}; {\em a
+place where information about \TeX{} and \tug\ can be quickly
+disseminated}.
+
+\vspace{.25pc}
+
+Throughout the newsletter ``\TeX'' is understood to mean \TeX, \LaTeX,
+\AmSTeX, and other related programs and macros. \TTN\ is produced with
+the standard \LaTeX{} distribution, and is to be as portable a document
+as possible.
+
+\vspace{.25pc}
+
+The entire contents of this newsletter are being placed in the public
+domain. The source file of this issue will be placed in the {\tt
+aston}, {\tt shsu}, and {\tt stuttgart} archives, as well as at the {\tt
+heidelberg}, {\tt labrea}, and {\tt ymir} archives. Copying and
+reprinting are encouraged; however, an acknowledgement specifying \TTN\
+as the source would be appreciated.
+
+\vspace{.25pc}
+
+Submissions to \TTN\ should be short, the macros must work, and the
+files {\bf must} run without special font or graphics requirements:
+this is to be a {\em portable\/} newsletter (the new font selection
+scheme has not yet been implemented). Correspondence may be sent via
+e-mail to {\tt tug@math.ams.org} with the subject line {\tt
+NEWSLETTER}. Regular mail should be addressed to the Publications
+Committee, \careof \tug\ Office at the address below.
+
+\vspace{.25pc}
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ll}
+ \bf \TUG & \\
+ P.O. Box 869 & Phone: 805-899-4673 \\
+ Santa Barbara, CA 93102 USA & E-mail: \tt tug@math.ams.org \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+\TeX{} is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society.
+\par} %% end of \small \baselineskip=10pt
+
+\vspace{.25pc}
+
+\hrule
+
+\vspace{4pt}
+
+{\footnotesize \baselineskip=9.5pt
+\noindent \TTN\ (ISSN 1065-240X) is published four times a year,
+February, July, October and December, by the \TeX\ Users Group, 735
+State Street, P.O. Box 869, Santa Barbara, CA 93102, U.S.A. The
+1992 dues for individual members are \$60.00 for regular members and
+\$50.00 for students.
+
+Second-class postage paid at Providence, RI and additional mailing
+offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to the \TeX\ Users Group,
+P.O. Box 869, Santa Barbara, CA 93102, U.S.A.
+
+Membership in the \TeX\ Users Group is for the calendar year, and
+includes all issues of {\sl TUGboat} and {\sl \TeX\ and TUG NEWS\/}
+for the year in which membership begins or is renewed. Individual
+membership is open only to named individuals, and carries with it such
+rights and responsibilities as voting in the annual election.
+\par} %% end of \footnotesize \baselineskip=9.5pt
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% Editorial (pp.1-2):
+
+\pagestyle{myheadings}
+\markboth{\TTN\quad Vol.\ 1, No.\ 4, 1992}
+ {\TTN\quad Vol.\ 1, No.\ 4, 1992}
+
+\setcounter{page}{1} %% to set first page of contents to p.1
+
+\Section{Editorial}
+
+Well, this is it. Our first full year as a newsletter is complete.
+Hopefully, you've learned a few new tricks, found out about happenings
+around the \TeX\ world, and generally enjoyed what we've published. I
+must say, though, that reader response has been rather disappointing,
+in that few comments have come back. Some would say that means we
+aren't offending anyone's sensibilities --- others would say it's a
+sign of quiet indifference! 'nuff said. Door's open~\dots
+
+Feature article this month is ``\TeX\ Conventions Concerning
+Languages'', by Yannis Haralambous (pp.\ 3--10). It's the first time
+we've had to compromise on portabi\-lity: the font table on pp.\ 4--5
+requires the use of {\tt dcr10}. But it seemed an acceptable break
+this once, and of course provided us the opportunity of then turning a
+whole slew of questions on Yannis about just what DC fonts are! See
+the companion piece: ``DC fonts: questions and answers'' (part 1: pp.\
+15--17). If we didn't ask the questions you need answers for, send
+them in and we'll select the most representative ones for another Q
+and A.
+
+Lots of news, as usual, and something which warrants some serious
+thought: electronic documents and the law. GUTenberg is organising a
+one-day meeting on the subject next spring, and is collecting topics
+now; see p.~19. All the regular columns are here \dots\ and we may add
+a few new ones next year. Stay tuned.
+
+To round out the year, we've put together an Index of all issues since
+the prototype, including the contents of this issue. Go use it and
+see if it helps locate your favourite pieces. Then write to me and
+tell me what's missing!
+
+And some major developments within \tug: a new Executive Director has
+been named. A \tug\ member since 1984, Pat Monohon is also an
+experienced \TeX\ user. Pat is just now in the process of settling in
+--- and operations are moving to Santa Barbara. While our traditional
+home has been in Providence since \tug's inception, the move is
+expected to be smooth and not impede or interrupt things unduly.
+Welcome aboard, Pat! See p.\ 22 for details.
+
+With Pat's arrival, we also see the departure of Ron Whitney. I've
+been working with Ron for the past few years not only as a board
+member, but also in connection with organising some of \tug's annual
+meetings and producing the attendant proceedings. He has shown a
+great deal of commitment and support for \tug\ even when our recent
+bumpy past has made his job very difficult at times. I would like to
+recognise his efforts of the past few years. Good luck in your new
+adventures, Ron. And good fortune.
+
+The other news is that, in the absence of nominations for president,
+the Executive Committee had to find a pragmatic alternative solution,
+which is outlined in a piece by Malcolm Clark, \tug's outgoing
+president (p.\ 22).
+
+Last issue I suggested that people who provide support for users might
+find it useful to exchange ideas. Another area for exchange concerns
+interesting symbols (for mathematics, physics, linguistics [had to
+throw that one in!\ts]\ts) which people have to cobble together ---
+the Cauchy Integral was one we had. If someone wants to take this on
+as an occasional column, please get in touch with me.
+
+And I might as well toss out another idea. We're in a transition
+period, it seems to me, between the basic \TeX\ building blocks and a
+growing number of enhancements, additions, and improvements. Some
+users have all the latest stuff, some have only parts, some have
+changed nothing. There's \TeX\ v.3.14 now out there but not on all
+machines; there's the New Font Selection Scheme ({\small NFSS}); there
+are DC fonts and virtual fonts; and coming soon --- \LaTeX3, just to
+mention a few. Almost old news now (but certainly not standardised) is
+the integration of PostScript into \TeX: graphics, non-CM fonts,
+images, and so on.
+
+But \ldots\ what if all you know is ``the basic \TeX\ building
+blocks''? What if you need to get the {\small NFSS} set up on your PC
+or Mac or {\small UNIX} box or whatever? Should you worry about
+virtual fonts? How do you get at those PostScript fonts? Or even, how
+do you get at the PostScript versions of the standard CM fonts? All
+these questions! Where are the answers? The solutions? The warnings?!
+
+Ask yourself those questions. Do you know the answers? Do you know
+where to {\em find\/} the answers? Are you worried?! How can \ttn\
+play a role here? What part could you play in this? Do you have a
+particular expertise which could be parlayed into providing advice?
+And what are {\em your\/} questions?
+
+While many people have access to colleagues, newsgroups and electronic
+mail, many more \TeX\ users and \tug\ members don't have those avenues
+of information. They rely on publications, on {\tt read.me} files, on
+friends over in the engineering department (you never know!). Can we
+take these issues, and bring some order and sense to them on the pages
+of \ttn? Or perhaps through a combined effort with both \ttn\ and
+\TUB?
+
+That's our challenge: not to simply reflect our users, but to enjoin
+them to participate, to share their expertise. Remember to renew for
+next year, otherwise you won't learn the answers to these and other
+burning questions in the world of \TeX\ and \TeX\ users!
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Christina Thiele\\ Editor, \TTN
+\end{flushright}
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{||p{9.5cm}||}
+ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\large\bf Did you know \dots?} \\ [6pt]
+ \hline
+ \dots\ the student rate has now been set at 50\% of the
+ regular individual membership rate? That means students pay
+ \$30.00 US for 4 issues of \TUB, 4 issues of \TTN, and a
+ membership directory, as well as discounts on items
+ purchased from \tug, and on \tug\ courses and the annual
+ meeting. A bargain, for sure! \\
+ \hline
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% Feature Article by Yannis Haralambous:
+%% \TeX\ Conventions Concerning Languages (pp.3-10):
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% This paper can be typesetted in any font, but
+% needs font DCR10 for the examples
+% DCR10 is denoted as \f
+% Font \g can be either CMR10 or DCR10: in either case accent macros
+% like \` \' \" etc. should be correctly defined.
+%Format=LaTeX_FR_DE_US
+
+\def\Contributors{Johannes Braams, Mike Ferguson, Bernard Gaulle,
+ J\"org Knappen, Jan Michael Rynning, Rainer Sch\"opf and Erik-Jan
+ Vens}
+
+\newfont{\f}{dcr10} %% or use cmr10 to print on non-PS printers
+\newfont{\g}{cmr10}
+
+\newcommand{\Iog}{{\f\rlap{\kern1pt\char'014}I}}
+\newcommand{\iog}{{\f\rlap{\kern0.2pt\char'014}i}}
+\newcommand{\Uog}{{\f\lower-0.2pt\rlap{\kern3.25pt\char'014}U}}
+\newcommand{\uog}{{\f\rlap{\kern3.25pt\char'014}u}}
+\newcommand{\Gced}{{\f G\kern-1.8pt\lower-0.15pt\llap{\char11}\kern2pt}}
+\newcommand{\Kced}{{\f K\kern-1.75pt\lower-0.2pt\llap{\char11}\kern1.75pt}}
+\newcommand{\Lced}{{\f L\kern-1.1pt\lower-0.2pt\llap{\char11}\kern1.1pt}}
+\newcommand{\Nced}{{\f N\kern-1.8pt\lower-0.2pt\llap{\char11}\kern1.8pt}}
+\newcommand{\gced}{{\f\lower-0.4pt\rlap{`}\kern-0.8pt g}}
+\newcommand{\kced}{{\f k\kern-0.5pt\lower-0.2pt\llap{\char11}\kern0.5pt}}
+\newcommand{\lced}{{\f l\kern0.55pt\lower-0.25pt\llap{\char11}\kern-0.55pt}}
+\newcommand{\nced}{{\f n\kern-0.8pt\lower-0.2pt\llap{\char11}\kern0.8pt}}
+
+
+\Section{\TeX\ Conventions Concerning Languages}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Yannis Haralambous \\
+ Chair, Technical Working Group\footnote{I would like to thank
+ \Contributors\ for their contributions.} \\
+ on Multiple Language Coordination \\
+ ({\small\bf WG-92-03})\footnote{See pp.\ 7--8 in previous
+ issue of TTN for description of this Working Group
+ --Ed.}
+\end{flushright}
+
+{\small \noindent \baselineskip=10.5pt
+ \it\ldots\ each language draws a magic circle\\
+ round the people to which it belongs,\\
+ a circle from which there is no escape\\
+ save by stepping out of it into another.\\[2pt]
+ \rm Marshall McLuhan,\footnote{Actually quoting Wilhelm von
+ Humboldt, and his ``strategy any culture must resort to in a
+ period like this \ldots''}
+ \it The Gutenberg Galaxy\/ \rm (1962)
+\par}
+
+
+\subsection*{What are DC Fonts?}
+
+When I first started using \TeX\ to typeset my thesis (in French), I
+noticed that it was producing far too many black overfull boxes.
+Trying to find out what was going wrong, I realized that \TeX\
+(actually good old {\sl Textures} v1.0) wasn't very cooperative in
+hyphenating; as a matter of fact, some words were not hyphenated at
+all. Some further experimentation revealed the fact that words
+containing accents were never hyphenated! A deeper search in the
+{\sl\TeX book\/} clarified the situation: the \verb|\accent|
+primitive, included in the expansion of accent macros, was introducing
+an explicit kern, which in turn aborted the hyphenation process for
+the particular word.
+
+So it was necessary to use accented characters, which are quite common
+in European languages, as a whole, rather than merely accenting them
+by use of the \verb=\accent= primitive. This has finally become
+possible with the release of \TeX~3, which allows 8-bit input, solving
+the problem in situations where one wants to use fonts other than
+Computer Modern. Still, a standard 8-bit ``Computer Modern-like''
+font was needed, to ensure \TeX's tradition of portability and
+structural consistency. Jan Michael Rynning and Norbert Schwarz
+undertook the task of establishing a new font table. Since the Cork
+Meeting, in 1990, \tug\ and the \TeX\ community have adopted this font
+table as a new standard for \TeX, known as ``DC encoding'', ``Cork
+encoding'', or ``extended \TeX\ font encoding'' (see \TUB\ 11, no.\ 4,
+pp.\ 514--516). Norbert Schwarz has written the \MF\ code for a family
+of Computer Modern-like fonts with this table, called {\em DC fonts}.
+
+It might be appropriate to mention that Norbert does not consider the
+\MF\ code of these fonts to be absolutely finished --- small
+corrections on the shapes of characters may still occur; nevertheless,
+the encoding scheme will not change, and the \TeX\ community is
+invited to begin migrating from the Computer Modern encoding described
+in the five volumes of {\sl Computers and Typesetting} to the new DC
+Font Encoding, shown below:
+
+\bigskip
+\font\twelvett=cmtt12
+\font\subsectionfont=cmbx12
+\def\tablepre#1{%
+ \begin{center}\subsectionfont Font {\twelvett #1}\end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{r||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c||}
+ & {\it'0} & {\it'1} & {\it'2} & {\it'3}
+ & {\it'4} & {\it'5} & {\it'6} & {\it'7} \\
+ \hline\hline}
+\def\usualline#1{\rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{5.5mm}%
+ {\it'#1x} & {\f\char'#10} & {\f\char'#11} &
+ {\f\char'#12} & {\f\char'#13} & {\f\char'#14}
+ & {\f\char'#15} & {\f\char'#16} & {\f\char'#17} \\
+ \hline}
+\def\tableline#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9{\rule[-1mm]{0mm}{5mm}%
+ {\it'#1x} & {\f #2} & {\f #3} & {\f #4} & {\f #5} & {\f #6}
+ & {\f #7} & {\f #8} & {\f #9} \\
+ \hline}
+\def\tablepost{\hline\end{tabular}\end{center}}
+\def\tableinterrupt#1{\rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{5.5mm}%
+ {\it'#1x} & {\f\char'#10} & {\f\char'#11} & {\f\char'#12}
+ & {\f\char'#13} & {\f\char'#14} & {\f\char'#15}
+ & {\f\char'#16} & {\f\char'#17} \\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{r||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c||}}
+
+\tablepre{dcr10}
+ \usualline{00}
+ \usualline{01}
+ \usualline{02}
+ \usualline{03}
+ \usualline{04}
+ \usualline{05}
+ \usualline{06}
+ \usualline{07}
+ \usualline{10}
+ \usualline{11}
+ \usualline{12}
+ \usualline{13}
+ \usualline{14}
+ \usualline{15}
+ \usualline{16}
+ \usualline{17}
+ \usualline{20}
+ \usualline{21}
+ \usualline{22}
+ \usualline{23}
+ \usualline{24}
+ \usualline{25}
+ \usualline{26}
+% \usualline{27}
+\tableinterrupt{27}
+ \usualline{30}
+ \usualline{31}
+ \usualline{32}
+ \usualline{33}
+ \usualline{34}
+ \usualline{35}
+ \usualline{36}
+ \usualline{37}
+\tablepost
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent This migration will consist of:
+\begin{enumerate}
+ \item adding the new fonts to the system (the Computer Modern fonts
+ are still necessary because the Greek uppercase letters are
+ not part of the DC text font encoding --- they will be
+ included in the forthcoming DC math fonts);
+ \item replacing \verb|plain.tex|, \verb|lplain.tex| by appropriate new
+ versions (Rainer Sch\"opf reports that the {\small NFSS} is
+ already fully compatible with DC fonts), so you just have to
+ be sure to get the latest version (v.1.0a, with last bug
+ fixed Sept.\ 20, 1992) --- and the DC fonts will work;
+ \item taking care, when writing \TeX\ code, to use high-level
+ macros for certain purposes involving character encoding:
+ \verb|\`a|, \verb|\oe|, \verb|$\Sigma$| will always produce
+ the correct results: \`a, \oe, $\Sigma$. The apparently
+ equivalent code \verb|\accent'022a|, \verb|\char'033|,
+ \verb|\char"06| will produce \`a, \oe, $\Sigma$ in a CM font
+ environment but {\f\accent'022a, \char'033, \char'006} in a
+ DC font environment.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\subsection*{Recommendations on certain macro and file names\newline
+ concerning languages}
+
+\subsubsection*{A few words}
+
+All macro commands used in the {\tt plain.tex} format are defined and
+explained in the {\sl\TeX book\/} by Knuth, the very author of \TeX.
+These macros are a standard part of \TeX\ and this fact guarantees the
+portability of \TeX. The DC fonts and \TeX~3.xx's language switching
+features require new macros, which will also have to be standardized.
+
+These macros are of two kinds:
+\begin{enumerate}
+ \item macros for accessing accented or special characters which are
+ not available in the Computer Modern fonts (see
+ ``Macros for accented and special characters'', below), and
+ cannot be obtained by the standard {\tt plain.tex} accenting
+ macros (of course, any character can be accessed by using,
+ for example, the \verb|\char| macro, but this does not really
+ optimize readability of \TeX\ code);
+ \item macros for language switching (see ``Language-switching
+ macros'', below). Since it is now possible to typeset a
+ multilingual text where each language uses its own
+ hyphenation rules, its own fonts and eventually its own
+ direction of script, there must be a standard (and simple)
+ way to switch between these languages.
+
+ So if, for example, you want to include German or French
+ words in your English text --- ``Wagner's {\it
+ G\"otter\-d\"am\-me\-rung} was very appreciated by the 19th
+ century's {\it bour\-geoi\-sie}'' --- they will have to be
+ hyphenated according to German and French rules. To indicate
+ this to \TeX, macros have to be selected which are easy to
+ remember, short, and universally acceptable.
+
+ For this, the standard has basically been taken from the
+ standard\break 2-letter {\small ISO}~639 language
+ codes\footnote{With the following exceptions: {\tt
+ TY} for Thai (instead of {\tt TH}) and {\tt FF} for Afar
+ (instead of {\tt AA}); {\tt US} and {\tt GB} are chosen for
+ American and British English, respectively; {\tt SB} is
+ chosen for Sorbian and {\tt SE} for Sami. The codes {\tt LA}
+ (Latin), {\tt SA} (Sanskrit), {\tt EN} (English), and {\tt
+ SH} (Serbocroatian) are not used.} as control sequence names
+ (see ``Language-switching macros'', below).
+
+ The previous example is then written:
+ \begin{verbatim}
+ \US Wagner's \DE {\it G\"otterd\"ammerung}
+ \US was very appreciated by the 19th century's
+ \FR {\it bourgeoisie}
+ \end{verbatim}
+ \item Finally, besides macro names, the files containing
+ hyphenation patterns should have standardized names and the
+ most natural choice would be to take the 2-letter macro name
+ defined in the section ``Language-switching macros'' as a
+ (lowercase) prefix to the usual ``\verb|hyphen.tex|''. In
+ this way, Frank Liang's file of American English hyphenation
+ patterns would become \verb|ushyphen.tex|, while there is
+ already a vast collection of other hyphenation pattern files
+ available.\footnote{At the present time, hyphenation pattern
+ files exist for Armenian, Bulgarian ($\beta$), Catalan
+ ($\beta$), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto,
+ Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek (modern and
+ ancient), Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Kirundi
+ ($\beta$), Latin, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish,
+ Portuguese ($\beta$), Russian, Slovak, Swedish, UK
+ English, and US English; work is in progress on Cambodian,
+ Swahili, Yiddish, and Yoruba.}
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\subsubsection*{Macros for accented and special
+ characters}
+
+Besides the accent and special character macros defined in the
+{\sl\TeX book} (pp.\ 52, 339) the following macros are recommended:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{|c c l|}
+ \hline
+ \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{5.5mm}%
+ {\it Type} & {\it to get} & ({\it Description})\\
+ \hline
+ \verb=\r u= & \f\char"B7 & (Czech circle accent)\\
+ \verb=\k e= & \f\char"A6 & (Polish ogonek subscript)\\
+ \verb=\v d= \verb=\v D= & \f\char"A4\ \char"84 & (Czech d D with ha\v cek)\\
+ \verb=\v t= \verb=\v T= & \f\char"B4\ \char"94 & (Czech t T with ha\v cek)\\
+ \verb=\v l= \verb=\v L= & \f\char"A9\ \char"89 & (Slovakian l L with ha\v
+ cek)\\
+ \verb=\th= \verb=\TH= & \f\char"FE\ \char"DE & (Icelandic thorn)\\
+ \verb=\dh= \verb=\DH= & \f\char"F0\ \char"D0 & (Icelandic eth)\\
+ \verb=\dj= \verb=\DJ= & \f\char"9E\ \char"D0 & (Serbocroatian dj)\\
+ \verb=\ng= \verb=\NG= & \f\char"AD\ \char"8D & (Sami ng)\\
+ \verb=<<= \verb=>>= & \f<< >> & (French guillemets)\\
+ \verb=,,= \verb=``= & \f,, `` & (German G\"ansef\"u\ss chen)\\
+ \hline
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\subsubsection*{Notes}
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item The Dutch character {\f\char"BC\ \char"9C}, as in:
+ \begin{center}\begin{small}
+ {\f Bl\char"BCf, w\char"BCl 'k m\char"BCn t\char"BCd\\
+ Bl\char"BC\ 't \char"BC-r\char"BCm w\char"BCd,\\
+ Bl\char"BCf, bl\char"BCf m\char"BC\ b\char"BC, g\char"BC\
+ \char"9C,\\
+ St\char"BCf vr\char"BC, w\char"BCl 'k l\char"BCm,\\
+ M\char"BCn \char"BC-r\char"BCk r\char"BCm;\\
+ M\char"BCn w\char"BCs, m\char"BCn prins z\char"BCt g\char"BC}
+ \end{small}\end{center}
+ is a ligature (just like ffi, ffl) and should be accessed as
+ such; special Dutch (virtual) fonts could eventually provide
+ this ligature and the \verb|\NL| macro would in that case
+ automatically switch to these fonts.
+ \item The Scandinavian character \aa\ \AA\ can be obtained either
+ by the standard \verb|plain.tex| macros \verb|\aa| \verb|\AA|
+ or by \verb|\r a| \verb|\r A|.
+ \item The macro \verb|\c| serves as well for the French, Catalonian
+ and Latvian cedilla as for the Latvian letter \gced, with
+ the diacritic above the letter: \verb|\c g| for `\gced'.
+ \item The Turkish letters \i\ I, i \.I are obtained by the usual
+ \verb|\i I|, \verb|i \.I|.
+ \item The French and German quotation marks {\f << >> ,, ``}
+ {\it do not require macros!} They are obtained as ligatures
+ (just like the English quotation marks ``\
+ '').\footnote{Ligatures are used to simply typeset the French
+ and German quotation marks as any other character. If
+ the use of quotation marks {\em affects the global
+ aspect of the page}, the use of macros is recommended
+ (as in {\tt french.sty} by Bernard Gaulle, in the
+ case of French traditional typography: quotations
+ require a left guillemet at the beginning of every
+ paragraph and second-order quotations require one at
+ the beginning of every line).}
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsection*{Language-switching macros}
+
+The following table indicates two-letter control sequences and the
+corresponding languages:
+
+\def\void{}
+\def\xxline#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8{%
+ #2 & {\tt\char'134#1} & #4 & {\tt\char'134#3}
+ & #6 & {\tt\char'134#5} & \if0#7\else#8\fi
+ & \if0#7\else{\tt\char'134#7}\fi\\ }
+
+\begin{center}
+ \bf Two-Letter Macros for Language Switching
+\end{center}
+\begin{footnotesize}
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{||l|c||l|c||l|c||l|c||}
+ \hline
+ \xxline{AB}{Abkhazian}{FY}{Frisian}{MG}{Malagasy}{SB}{Sorbian}
+ \xxline{OM}{Afan Oromo}{GL}{Galician}{MS}{Malay}{ES}{Spanish}
+ \xxline{FF}{Afar}{KA}{Georgian}{ML}{Malayalam}{SU}{Sudanese}
+ \xxline{AF}{Afrikaans}{DE}{German}{MT}{Maltese}{SW}{Swahili}
+ \xxline{SQ}{Albanian}{EL}{Greek}{MI}{Maori}{SV}{Swedish}
+ \xxline{AM}{Amharic}{KL}{Greenlandic}{MR}{Marathi}{TL}{Tagalog}
+ \xxline{AR}{Arabic}{GN}{Guarani}{MO}{Moldavian}{TG}{Tajik}
+ \xxline{HY}{Armenian}{GU}{Gujarati}{NA}{Nauru}{TA}{Tamil}
+ \xxline{AS}{Assamese}{HA}{Hausa}{NE}{Nepali}{TT}{Tatar}
+ \xxline{AY}{Aymara}{HE}{Hebrew}{NO}{Norwegian}{TE}{Telugu}
+%
+ \xxline{AZ}{Azerbaijani}{HI}{Hindi}{OC}{Occitan}{TY}{Thai}
+ \xxline{BA}{Bashkir}{HU}{Hungarian}{OR}{Oriya}{BO}{Tibetan}
+ \xxline{EU}{Basque}{IS}{Icelandic}{PS}{Pashto}{TI}{Tigrinya}
+ \xxline{BN}{Bengali}{ID}{Indonesian}{FA}{Persian}{TO}{Tonda}
+ \xxline{DZ}{Bhutani}{IA}{Interlingua}{PL}{Polish}{TS}{Tsonga}
+ \xxline{BH}{Bihari}{IE}{Interlingue}{PT}{Portuguese}{TR}{Turkish}
+ \xxline{BI}{Bislama}{IU}{Inuktitut}{PA}{Punjabi}{TK}{Turkmen}
+ \xxline{BR}{Breton}{IK}{Inupiak}{QU}{Quechua}{TW}{Twi}
+ \xxline{BG}{Bulgarian}{GA}{Irish}{RM}{Rhaeto-Rom.}{UG}{Uigur}
+ \xxline{MY}{Burmese}{IT}{Italian}{RO}{Romanian}{GB}{UK English}
+%
+ \xxline{BE}{Byelorussian}{JA}{Japanese}{RU}{Russian}{UK}{Ukrainian}
+ \xxline{KM}{Cambodian}{JW}{Javanese}{SE}{Sami}{UR}{Urdu}
+ \xxline{CA}{Catalan}{KN}{Kannada}{SM}{Samoan}{US}{US English}
+ \xxline{ZH}{Chinese}{KS}{Kashmiri}{SG}{Sangho}{UZ}{Uzbek}
+ \xxline{CO}{Corsican}{KK}{Kazakh}{GD}{Scots Gaelic}{VI}{Vietnamese}
+ \xxline{HR}{Croatian}{RW}{Kinyarwanda}{SR}{Serbian}{VO}{Volapuk}
+ \xxline{CS}{Czech}{KY}{Kirghiz}{ST}{Sesotho}{CY}{Welsh}
+ \xxline{DA}{Danish}{RN}{Kirundi}{TN}{Setswana}{WO}{Wolof}
+ \xxline{NL}{Dutch}{KO}{Korean}{SN}{Shona}{XH}{Xhosa}
+ \xxline{EO}{Esperanto}{KU}{Kurdish}{SD}{Sindhi}{YI}{Yiddish}
+%
+ \xxline{ET}{Estonian}{LO}{Laothian}{SI}{Singhalese}{YO}{Yoruba}
+ \xxline{FO}{Faroese}{LV}{Latvian}{SS}{Siswati}{ZA}{Zhuang}
+ \xxline{FJ}{Fiji}{LN}{Lingala}{SK}{Slovak}{ZU}{Zulu}
+ \xxline{FI}{Finnish}{LT}{Lithuanian}{SL}{Slovenian}{0}{}
+ \xxline{FR}{French}{MK}{Macedonian}{SO}{Somali}{0}{}
+ \hline
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{center}
+\end{footnotesize}
+%
+These macros can have different expansions according to their context.
+Nevertheless, they should stay on a low level (in particular, they should be
+{\it independent} of any eventual macro package like Plain, \LaTeX, etc.)
+and there is a {\it minimum} number of features they strictly must provide:
+\begin{enumerate}
+ \item a switch to the appropriate \verb|\language| value and hence
+ to the appropriate set of hyphenation patterns;
+ \item the correct values of \verb|\lefthyphenmin| and
+ \verb|\righthyphenmin|;
+ \item if the language requires a different set of fonts (either
+ virtual or real), a switch to these fonts must be provided. In
+ such a case, the macros for languages covered by the DC font
+ encoding should switch back to the original DC-encoded
+ fonts. The attribute {\tt codepage} in the forthcoming
+ {\small NFSS} v.2 illustrates this switch in the best
+ possible way: the font's family, shape, series and size
+ remain the same, only the set of characters is changed;
+ \item if the language is written in a right-to-left direction, the
+ appropriate\break {\tt TeX--XeT} R-mode
+ primitives should be included (in this case the macros for
+ left-to-right languages should include the corresponding
+ L-mode primi\-tives).\footnote{{\tt TeX--XeT} is Peter
+ Breitenlohner's implementation of {\tt TeX-XeT},
+ the bi-directional version of \TeX, described in
+ \TUB\ 8, no.\ 1, pp.\ 14--25. {\tt TeX--XeT} produces
+ a regular {\tt dvi} file and hence can completely --- and
+ without {\it any} loss of compatibility --- replace \TeX, a
+ practice that is strongly recommended.}
+\end{enumerate}
+%
+The role of these macros is comparable to the one of macros such as
+\verb|\rm|, \verb|\bf|, etc. Although they can have different
+expansions (\verb|\bf| has different expansions in Plain \TeX\ and in
+{\small NFSS}), there is a consensus on their effect on the text; they
+can be --- and frequently are --- included in the expansions of other
+macros; and finally they are part of the first macros a \TeX\ novice
+will learn and use.
+
+\subsubsection*{Notes}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item Languages have been classified according to these four
+ criteria: (a) hyphenation patterns, (b) \verb|left|- and
+ \verb|righthyphenmin| values, (c) the need for virtual fonts
+ or use of a different script, and hence the need for
+ different fonts, and (d) direction of script. So, for example,
+ British English requires a set of hyphenation patterns
+ different from those for American English; Lithuanian
+ requires the use of virtual fonts; Greek and Russian use
+ scripts other than Latin; Arabic and Hebrew are written from
+ right-to-left; etc.
+
+ If further differentiation (based on these criteria) is
+ needed, new macros will be added (for example, to eventually
+ distinguish between Dutch and Flemish, German and Austrian or
+ Schwitzer D\"utsch, Brazilian and Portuguese, etc.) On the
+ other hand, languages which present identical characteristics
+ will use the same macro.
+ \item Serbian and Croatian are actually a single language
+ (Serbocroatian) with two main variants: Ekavian and Jekavian.
+ {\em Ekavian} is mostly used in Serbia, while {\em Jekavian}
+ is mostly used in Croatia; the former is mostly written in
+ Cyrillic script, while the latter is mostly written in Latin
+ script. In this spirit, the macros \verb|\SR| and \verb|\HR|
+ should be understood as ``Ekavian, written in Cyrillic
+ script'' and ``Jekavian, written in Latin script'',
+ respectively.
+ \item \verb|\HE|\enspace should be understood as ``Ivrit'' or
+ ``Modern Hebrew''. It has the same script as Yiddish
+ (\verb|\YI|), but different hyphenation rules.
+ \item Armenian transliteration and hyphenation patterns follow the
+ Western pronunciation of this language (used by scholars and
+ by the Armenian communities in Europe and the States). The
+ use of virtual fonts is recommended for the input of Armenian
+ transliterated according to the Eastern pronunciation.
+ \item This list covers only languages and/or scripts used today.
+ Older languages, such as Latin, Ancient Greek, Classical
+ Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Sanskrit, Ottoman Turkish, etc.\ are
+ not covered, and the use of two-letter control sequences for
+ them is not recommended. Please contact the Technical Working
+ Group on Multiple Languages Coordination for further
+ information [see \ttn\ 1,3:7 --Ed].
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection*{Names of hyphenation pattern files}
+
+As previously mentioned, these should be named as
+
+\begin{center}
+ \verb|**hyphen.tex|
+\end{center}
+%
+where \verb|**| is the 2-letter language code outlined in
+``Language-switching macros'', above, in lowercase form. The standard
+American English hyphenation patterns file {\tt hyphen.tex} will be
+called \verb|ushyphen.tex|. Files for French, German, Dutch will be
+called \verb|frhyphen.tex|, \verb|dehyphen.tex|, \verb|nlhyphen.tex|,
+etc.
+
+
+\vspace{3pc}
+
+\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule
+
+\subsection*{Correction notice: margin marks from TTN 1,3}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Christina Thiele \\
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent In the last issue of \ttn, Peter Schmitt's ``Hey, it
+works!'' piece on margin marks was incomplete --- the printers thought
+the examples of margin marks in the form of vertical rules were errors
+marring the left edge of the master copy. So, they very kindly and
+carefully removed them \dots\ Well, here they are, in their correct
+glory. Please accept my apologies for the error, and make a
+cross-reference note between p.\ 13 in \ttn\ 1,3, and p.\ 10 in this
+issue. The correct output:
+
+%% Extracted from ttn1n3.tex:
+
+\long\def\readword#1 {\strut\putmark#1 \next\relax}
+\def\margmark{$\ast\hskip10pt$}
+\def\putmark{%
+ \vadjust{\vbox to 0pt{\vss\noindent
+ \llap{\strut\margmark}\vskip0pt}}%
+ }
+\def\marginmarkson{\global\let\next=\readword\next}
+\def\marginmarksoff{\global\let\next=\relax}
+
+%% And now let's put this into use!
+
+\def\Rule{\vrule\strut\hskip5pt}
+\def\bar{\vrule height8.5pt depth 4.5pt width1.pt\hskip10pt}
+\def\dbar{\vrule height8.5pt depth 4.5pt width1.pt\hskip5pt%
+ \vrule height8.5pt depth 4.5pt width1.pt\hskip10pt}
+
+ \let\margmark=\dbar %% Change the margin mark symbol
+
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item{} \marginmarkson %% Turn on the margin marks:
+ The mark can be changed by\verb| \let\margmark=\bar|
+ even in the middle of a marked paragraph,
+ \let\margmark=\Rule %% Change it again...
+ provided one accepts that the line where the change takes
+ places shows both marks (as shown to the left).
+ \marginmarksoff %% Turn off the margin marks.
+ If applicable, the definition of
+ \verb|\margmark| should use explicit fonts. Otherwise a font
+ change in the text may influence the appearance of the mark.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% New Publications (Peter Schmitt's column) (p.11):
+
+\Section{New Publications\footnote[1]{NOTE: In the last issue of TTN,
+ Peter Schmitt's address suffered a typo. It should read
+ {\tt a8131dal@awiuni11.EDVZ.UniVie.ac.at}. I apologise
+ for the inconvenience this has caused --Ed.}}
+
+\begin{description} \itemsep=-2pt
+ \item [Rames Abdelhamid.]
+ {\sl Das Vieweg \LaTeX-Buch: Eine praxisorientierte
+ Ein\-f\"uhrung\/}.
+ Braunschweig: Vieweg-Verlag, 1992.
+ About 200pp.\
+ \isbn\ 3-528-05145-0.\\
+ $\bullet$
+ This book provides a well-structured and readable
+ introduction to \LaTeX\ in combination with the {\tt
+ german.sty} option.
+
+ \item [George Gratzer.]
+ {\sl Math into \TeX}.
+ New York: Springer Verlag.
+ 187pp. (softcover).\ Approx.\ \$34.00 US.\
+ \isbn\ 0-8176-3637-4. [Avail.\ Dec.\ 1992]\\
+ $\bullet$
+ ``This book is for the mathematician, engineer, or scientist
+ who wants to write and typeset articles with mathematical
+ formulas but who does not want to spend a great deal of time
+ learning how to do it. It assumes little familiarity with
+ \TeX\ or \LaTeX.'' [From promotional material]
+
+ \item [Piotr Wyrostek, trans.]
+ {\sl \LaTeX: System przygotowywania dokument\"ow. Przewodnik
+ \"urytkownika i prodr\"ecznik}.
+ Polish translation of Lamport's \LaTeX\ manual.
+ Krakow: Ariel.
+ Price: 91000 zl.\
+ \isbn\ 83-900460-1-6.
+
+ \item [Michaela Lich\'a and Old\v rich Ulrych.]
+ {\sl \AmSTeX\ verze 2.1\/}.
+ Prague: Czecho\-slovak \TeX\ Users Group, 1992.\
+ 80pp. [In Czech]\\
+ $\bullet$
+ ``This publication provides a short (but complete) tour through
+ \AmSTeX\ 2.1 together with {\tt amsppt.sty} 2.1. Almost all features
+ are demonstrated with a lot of examples. The book is organized in such
+ a way that it is useful for novices (basic textbook), and for advanced
+ users (quick reference quide) as well. Contains a table of all
+ symbols.'' [Info.\ from authors]
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection*{Latest issues of other \TeX\ newsletters}
+
+\begin{description} \itemsep=-2pt
+ \item [{\sl Baskerville\/}:] vol.\ 2, no.\ 1, March 1992, 12pp.
+ Official newsletter of the UK \TeX\ Users' Group.
+% 2 issues per year.
+% Contact: {\tt ??}.
+
+ \item [{\sl Die \TeX{}nische Kom\"odie\/}:] vol.\ 4, no.\ 2,
+ August 1992, 64pp.
+ Official newsletter of {\small DANTE},
+ Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung \TeX\ e.V.
+% Four issues per year.
+% Contact: {\tt dante@vm.urz.uni-\nl heidelberg.de}.
+
+ \item [{\sl MAPS\/}:] issue 92.2, 1992, 176pp.
+ Official publication of {\small NTG}, Nederlandstalige \TeX\
+ Gebruikersgroep ({\small MAPS} = ``Minutes and APendiceS'').
+% Two issues per year.
+% Contact: {\tt ntg@hearn.bitnet}.
+
+ \item [{\sl \TeX bulletin\/}:] no.\ 2, 1992, 48pp;
+ no.\ 3, 1992, 64pp.
+ Official newsletter of CsTUG.\footnote[2]{Re: TTN 1,3 notice
+ on the Prague Proceedings: Ji\v r\'\i\ Zlatuska of CsTUG
+ asks that orders for the publication include a shipping
+ and handling charge: \$5 for surface mail, \$10 for
+ airmail in addition to the 30,-- DM cost. --Ed.}
+% Four issues per year.
+% Contacts: Karel Horak {\tt horakk@csearn.bitnet},
+% Ji\v r\'\i\ Vesel\'y {\tt jvesely@cspguk11.bitnet}, or
+% Ji\v r\'\i\ Zlatuska {\tt zlatuska@cspuni12.bitnet}.
+
+ \item [{\TUB}:] 13, no.\ 3, 1992, 162pp.
+ Proceedings of \tug'92 meeting in Portland, Oregon.
+% Four issues per year.
+% Contact: tugboat@tug.ams.org
+\end{description}
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% Typographer's Inn (Peter Flynn column) (pp.12-13):
+
+\Section{Typographer's Inn}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Peter Flynn\\
+ University College Cork\\
+ \tt cbts8001@iruccvax.ucc.ie
+\end{flushright}
+
+\vspace{-1.5pc}
+
+\subsection*{Dropped caps}
+
+\ttn's editor, Christina Thiele, asked me about a problem which comes
+up at my work with regularity: dropped initial caps. I have a macro
+of my own to do this, and doubtless others have as well. I set the cap
+letter in whatever size is designed, and get \TeX\ to measure its
+width, then set it, back up the following paragraph with the right
+negative \verb|\vskip|, and then use \verb|\parshape| to set the
+remainder of the para with two or three shortened lines at the top.
+This is a bit clumsy: has anyone a more elegant approach? I've looked
+at two or three macros which have come my way, and there seem to be
+several approaches, based on several different design decisions:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item How many lines do we want to dropindent? Most implementations
+ assume you want to dropindent as many lines as the height of the
+ cap dictates, but this may not always be possible: given a specific
+ x-height and leading, you may have to choose your large cap size
+ with care.
+\item Do we want the large cap to be aligned with the baseline of the
+ lowest of the hanging indented lines it is inserted into? This
+ looks the most elegant and would seem to be the obvious way to go.
+\item Do we instead want to insert the large cap into the first line
+ only and have it stick up above the line, possibly quite a long
+ way? This to my mind looks inelegant unless handled very carefully.
+\item Do we want the remainder of the first word in small caps,
+ which was common practice until this century. It avoids the
+ raggedness of having lowercase letters with uneven heights (because
+ of the ascenders) following immediately after the large cap.
+ You could also use ordinary caps, but they tend to obtrude in
+ a line where the remaining words are lowercase.
+\end{itemize}
+%
+As far as I know there is no way to get \TeX\ or \LaTeX\ to wander the
+starts of the indented lines around the shape of the dropped initial.
+In visual {\sc dtp} systems, this is not so much of a problem because
+the big letter is just a bunch of dots on the screen, or an outline
+which you can wander round. In \TeX, a character is a box, and you can
+only trespass within it by manual intervention, which I've always
+thought a pity. Is there any way to do this in \TeX\ if you are
+working with PostScript outlines, perhaps a preprocessor which, given
+the \verb|\baselineskip|, would calculate how far leftwards to extend
+the start of each line so that it was a given distance away from the
+edge of the letter.
+
+\subsection*{The smiley}
+
+I suppose I'll have to give the source code for the smiley face I used
+last time. I don't normally go in for these devices, but I do a lot of
+e-mail, and the use of the ``smiley'' (the sideways smiling
+face~({\tt:-)} and its many variants) has become habitual. Typing the
+last column it dawned on me that that handy symbol was a short sort in
+CM, so I used the following kludge:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\font\tmi=cmmi7
+\font\tsy=cmsy5
+\font\bsy=cmsy10 scaled\magstep4
+\newbox\sbox
+\setbox\sbox=\vbox{\hsize=1pc\baselineskip=5pt
+ \centerline{{\tsy\char'014\ \char'014}}
+ \centerline{{\tsy\char'064}}\vskip-1pt
+ \centerline{{\tmi\char'136}}}
+\newbox\bbox
+\setbox\bbox=\hbox{{\bsy\char'015}}
+\def\grin{\hbox{\box\bbox\kern-5.75mm\box\sbox}}
+\end{verbatim}
+%
+There are in fact plenty of smileys around, apparently because the IBM
+PC character set has two, but my closest was in the Metafoundry's
+Hodge-Podge ({\tt mdhp}) font, which would make \ttn\ non-portable
+(sigh).
+
+\subsection*{An award?}
+
+A plea to everyone reading this to help me with a new task. I want to
+collect samples of truly appalling desktop publishing for a booklet on
+typography. I mentioned this on the networks some while back, but have
+only had one or two contributions. You must all recognise the stuff
+when you see it: dozens of typefaces, columns skewed, wrong fonts, bad
+or no hyphenation \dots\ the things which make your stomach churn. If
+you come across this valuable rubbish, please send it to me, at the
+Computer Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland. Originals if
+possible, good photocopies otherwise, and if the document doesn't
+identify the creator or people responsible, see if you can find out
+for me: I may have some tricky copyright negotiations, but I don't
+want to change names to protect the guilty. Perhaps some rich person
+can institute an annual award for the Most Ghastly Piece of
+Typographic Rubbish. Thank you in advance.
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% ``Hey -- it works!'' (pp.14):
+
+\Section{``Hey --- it works!''}
+
+\subsection*{Dollars and pounds, \TeX\ and \LaTeX}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Christina Thiele
+\end{flushright}
+
+{\def\oldpounds{{\it\char'044}}
+
+\noindent In \ttn\ 1,3, Alan Hoenig's report on the Prague Meeting
+required the use of the pound sterling sign. I discovered something
+interesting when it comes to \LaTeX: the \TeX\ strategy of typing
+\verb|{\it\$}| to yield a pound sign (albeit an italic one), doesn't
+work: you get what you coded for --- {\it\$}, an italic dollar sign!
+Hmmm \dots\ ``When in doubt, read the documentation'' --- Lamport
+manual, p.\ 40, in Section 3.2.2.\ {\bf Symbols} (and again on p.\
+157): \verb|\pounds| will give you~\oldpounds.
+
+But \TeX\ or \LaTeX, the use of an italic pound sign along with a
+roman dollar sign bothers me.\footnote[1]{I posted the query on mixing
+upright dollar signs with italic pound signs to the {\tt typo-l} list
+(mentioned in Peter Flynn's article in TTN 1,2) and it would seem that
+upright pound signs are more appropriate in regular roman text.} Quite
+a while ago, when I was printing up font charts, in order to see what
+was available, I ran across the {\tt cmu} font: Computer Modern
+Unslanted. Check your collection of font files to see if you have
+{\tt cmu10}; if you do, then you have an upright pound sign
+({\unsl\$}) at your disposal:
+
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{l|ll}
+ & definition: & coding: \\
+ \hline
+ In \LaTeX: & \verb|\newfont{\unsl}{cmu10}|
+ & \verb|{\unsl\$}| \\ [2pt]
+ In \TeX: & \verb|\font\unsl=cmu10|
+ & \verb|{\unsl\$}| \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+But what if you really do need the two signs in italics?! Well,
+that's no problem for \LaTeX: \verb|{\it\$}| gives you {\it\$}, and
+\verb|\pounds| gives you \oldpounds; but if you're using \TeX, you
+need to do some more defining. There's no real italic dollar sign, but
+the slant font {\tt cmsl10} has an adequate substitute: {\sl\$}.
+Comparing the slanted and italic dollar signs ({\sl\$\/} vs.\
+{\it\$}\/), I find it hard to see a difference.~\dots\ or is someone
+going to tell me that's what Lamport did all along {\tt;-)}
+
+I've checked with Johannes Braams about {\small NFSS} users: you don't
+have to worry at all! The two signs will be set in either roman or
+italic automatically, depending on the context.
+
+If you really want to know what's under the hood of your \TeX-mobile,
+find yourself a macro file for printing up font tables --- if you
+don't have e-mail access, write to me directly (address in the
+membership directory). If you do have net access, mail me at {\tt
+cthiele@ccs.carleton.ca}.\footnote[2]{I've only got a \TeX\ file;
+anyone got a \LaTeX\ one they could offer?} Print up everything you've
+got, and examine especially the lesser-used fonts such as {\tt cmu} or
+{\tt dunhill} or {\tt cmfib} --- it's quite interesting what's
+available. For more information on font loading and such, check the
+entries in the \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ manuals, under {\bf font}. }
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% (La)TeX news (pp.15-19):
+
+\Section{\AllTeX\ News}
+
+\subsection*{DC fonts --- questions and answers (I)}
+
+\vspace{-1.5pc}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Yannis Haralambous \\
+ \tt yannis@gat.citilille.fr
+\end{flushright}
+
+%% These macros modified from Rainer Schoepf's article
+%% in TTN 1,1:
+
+\newcommand{\Q}{\item [{\bf Q:}]}
+\newcommand{\A}{\par\vskip-2pt\noindent{{\bf A:} }}
+
+\def\StuttgartAdress{\verb|rusmv1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de|
+ ({\small IP} \verb|129.69.1.12|)}
+\def\StuttgartFileName{\verb|/soft/tex/fonts/metafont/dc|}
+
+\noindent The following questions and answers are provided to start
+you thinking about DC fonts: what they are, why they exist, what
+benefits they provide, and so on. They are aimed at providing
+information from the user's perspective, and so are intended to be
+pragmatic rather than theoretical. This is Part I; Part II will appear
+in the next issue of \ttn.
+
+\begin{list}{}{\leftmargin=1.4pc}
+\Q What are DC fonts? What makes them different from CM fonts?
+
+\A We should distinguish between two things: (a) fonts using
+ the Cork Encoding scheme, and (b) DC fonts. Any font can be
+ re-encoded according to the Cork Encoding;\footnote[1]{Defined at
+ the~1990 TUG meeting, held in Cork. See Ferguson, ``Report on
+ Multilingual Activities'', \TUB\ 11, no.\ 4, pp.\ 514--516.} DC
+ fonts are Computer Modern fonts, encoded this way --- and since the
+ Cork encoding involves characters not existing in the CM encoding,
+ these have been designed from scratch by Norbert Schwarz. Here are
+ some comments:
+
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item [(a)] The Cork encoding is the new standard encoding for
+ fonts used by \TeX; it bears a strong resemblance to {\small ISO}
+ Latin 1; combined with \TeX's 3.0 multilingual features, it
+ allows efficient typesetting in most European languages. An
+ important difference between CM and Cork encodings is the fact
+ that while the former involves 128 characters, the latter
+ provides 255 characters (and one empty location for special
+ purposes). This is the highest possible number of characters
+ for a font used by \TeX;\footnote[2]{No doubt about it, a
+ UNICODE version of some descendent of \TeX\ will be
+ accompanied by a new encoding standard, involving $2^{16}$
+ characters; but that program will not be called \TeX, and
+ the encoding will not be a ``\TeX\ standard''.} these
+ characters have been chosen so that the maximum number of
+ languages is covered. Another difference is that the Cork font
+ tables for roman, italic, typewriter, and small capital fonts
+ are exactly the same.\footnote[3]{The ligatures fi, ff, etc.\
+ are provided in typewriter form; however, they are not inserted
+ automatically.} This makes Cork-encoded fonts more consistent
+ than CM fonts.
+
+ \item [(b)] The shapes of unaccented characters in the DC fonts
+ are identical to those of Computer Modern fonts; on the other
+ hand, the heights of accents are quite different from those
+ obtained by using the \verb|\accent| primitive. An important
+ new feature of DC fonts is that you can generate fractional
+ point sizes. Norbert Schwarz has included an interpolation
+ mechanism in the DC font package which allows \MF\ to produce,
+ for example, a 10.9545 point bold extended font out of the
+ parameter values given by Knuth for the point sizes of the {\tt
+ cmbx} font.
+ \end{itemize}
+
+
+\Q What kinds of situations require DC fonts? What kinds of working
+ environments would benefit right away from installing them?
+
+\A You need Cork-encoded fonts to typeset in any Latin-alphabet
+ language, except English and Latin. With CM-encoded fonts you
+ will have neither hyphenation nor correct upper- or lowercase
+ forms. All working environments will benefit right away from
+ installing them, except perhaps an hypothetical environment which
+ %
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item[(a)] uses \TeX\ to typeset exclusively in English and/or
+ Latin;
+ \item[(b)] has no connection with environments not satisfying
+ condition (a);
+ \item[(c)] will continuously fulfill conditions (a) and (b) for
+ a long period.
+ \end{enumerate}
+
+
+\Q If I'm using \TeX\ in a completely English-language environment,
+ do I need DC fonts? I don't expect to receive foreign-language
+ materials at all.
+
+\A In other terms, you satisfy conditions (a), (b) and (c) of the
+ previous question. But nevertheless, you are now reading \ttn,
+ which means that you are concerned about new developments in \TeX,
+ and that you feel part of the big \TeX\ community.
+
+ Allow me to give you another --- less technical --- reason for
+ switching to Cork-encoded fonts: a consequence of Knuth's
+ announcement that there will be no further features added to \TeX,
+ is that he is not going to change the encoding of CM fonts,
+ described in volumes A, C and E of {\sl Computers and Typesetting}.
+ While unfortunate, the fact is that this encoding does not allow
+ typesetting in European languages. Somebody had to introduce a new
+ encoding; the decision was taken during a meeting of the \TeX\
+ Users Group (Cork 1990), after months of discussions and
+ preparation. By adopting this new standard, we, the \TeX\
+ community, allow \TeX\ to be efficiently and consistently used by
+ thousands of other people, and by this give it another chance to
+ survive (remember, the big brothers are watching us \ldots)
+
+
+\Q Do you have to have \TeX\ v.3.xx running? Our site only has 2.1.
+
+\A You need \TeX\ v.3.xx for multilingual texts (because it allows you
+ to use several sets of hyphenation patterns in the same text), and
+ for certain scripts involving special ligatures (such as Greek,
+ Hebrew or Arabic fonts). Cork-encoded fonts {\em can} be used with
+ previous versions of \TeX. By the way, don't you think it is time
+ to upgrade?
+
+
+\Q Where do I get them?
+
+\A In theory they should be included in every \TeX\ distribution, free
+ or commercial. If you don't have them, you can fetch them by
+ anonymous ftp from the Stuttgart server: \StuttgartAdress,
+ file \StuttgartFileName.
+
+
+\Q Do I access them in the same way as regular \TeX\ and \LaTeX\
+ fonts?
+
+\A Yes, mainly because they {\em are} regular \TeX\ and \LaTeX\
+ fonts. Actually, once installed in your system, you shouldn't
+ have to think about accessing them at all. Commands like \verb|\rm|,
+ \verb|\bf|, or \LaTeX\ environments like \verb|small|,
+ \verb|verbatim| will automatically call DC fonts instead of
+ CM ones.
+
+\end{list}
+
+
+\subsection*{Lollipop now available}
+
+\vspace{-1.5pc}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Victor Eijkhout \\
+ \tt eijkhout@cs.utk.edu
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent We all know that in \TeX\ any layout is programmable.
+Unfortunately, for the people who actually know what to program,
+\TeX\ macro writing is usually too hard. In fact, it is often hard for
+seasoned programmers. The Lollipop format tries to bridge this gap.
+
+Lollipop is a macro package that gives the user powerful tools for
+programming macros for lists, headings, output routines and a number
+of other things. The Lollipop macros take the specifications for a
+macro, and then construct that macro: it is a package for writing
+macros.\footnote[1]{[Lollipop was also the subject of a paper presented
+at the TUG'92 meeting in Portland, Oregon; see \TUB\ 13, no.\ 3,
+pp.\ 341--346 --Ed.]}
+
+\subsubsection{About this release}
+
+Lollipop is not finished (the first public release was in October
+1992, the current version 0.93 is dated November 1992), but it
+is already quite powerful.\footnote[2]{It was used to typeset my book
+{\sl \TeX\ by Topic\/}, for instance. I suggest that anyone who is
+interested should format the manual and have a look at the examples in
+it. They document the current power of Lollipop.}
+
+Since Lollipop is still under development I will be very accessible
+for questions, bug reports and suggestions --- e-mail is preferred.
+And I will be flattered if you actually use Lollipop, but beware that
+changes may occur in future versions.
+
+Lollipop can be ftp'd from the directory {\tt /pub/eijkhout/tex} on
+{\tt cs.utk.edu} (log in as `anonymous'), where it is stored as {\tt
+lollipop.tar.Z}. Uncompress and {\tt tar -fx} it. It is also available
+by e-mail from {\tt listserv@hearn.bitnet}; send the message: {\tt GET
+LOLLIPOP PACKAGE}.
+
+Like a lot of \TeX ware, Lollipop is free. Make and give away all the
+copies that you want. Just don't ask money for it, other than
+reasonable expenses such as for duplicating discs or photocopying the
+manual. Share and enjoy!
+
+
+\subsection*{NTG's MAPS bibliography database now available}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Gerard van Nes\\
+ \tt vannes@ecn.nl
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent MAPS (Minutes and APpendiceS) is the informal newsletter of
+the Dutch \TeX{} User Group (\ntg). Starting with 1992, the
+corresponding {\tt maps.bib} file is available by anonymous ftp (and
+e-mail) from {\tt archive.cs.ruu.nl} in directory {\tt pub/tex/ntg},
+or by e-mail from the \ntg\ fileserver {\tt tex-nl@nic.surfnet.nl}.
+
+As most readers of \ttn\ know, the \TUB\ bibliography file
+\verb|tugboat.bib|, covering the years 1980--1992, is already
+available by anonymous ftp to \verb|ftp.math.utah.edu| in directory
+\verb|pub/tex/pub/tugboat|. It can also be found with a large
+collection of other bibliographies and bibliography tools in
+\verb|pub/tex/bib|.
+
+Other Local User Groups are urgently requested to make their own
+{\tt .bib} files also available to the whole \TeX\ community. Including
+abstract fields would be especially welcome in order to inform
+interested users about the contents of the local articles. Ftp and/or
+e-mail addresses for the local {\tt .bib} files should be forwarded to
+the editor of \ttn\ ({\tt cthiele@ccs.carleton.ca}). Examples of the
+bibliography files can be found in {\tt tugboat.bib} or {\tt
+maps.bib}.
+
+
+\subsection*{TUGlib archive --- update}
+
+\vspace{-1.5pc}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Nelson H.F.\ Beebe\\
+ University of Utah \\
+ \tt beebe@math.utah.edu
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent The TUGlib server on \verb|math.utah.edu| provides
+electronic mail access to the TUGlib archives. Besides giving access
+to a large collection of \TeX{} files and support software, this
+server makes the entire \verb|anonymous ftp| collection on
+\verb|ftp.math.utah.edu| available as well. This includes software for
+{\small UNIX}, {\small VAX VMS}, and the {\small IBM PC}.
+
+If you have Internet \verb|anonymous ftp| capability, you should {\em
+always\/} use that in preference to electronic mail, because it is
+faster and much more convenient. Sun workstation users may enjoy
+\verb|ftptool|, available via \verb|anonymous ftp| to
+\verb|sunsite.unc.edu| from the directory \verb|pub/X11/Openlook|. At
+the time of writing, the current version of \verb|ftptool| is in the
+file \verb|Ftptool4.3.tar.Z|. \verb|Ftptool| provides a graphical
+user interface to the \verb|ftp| program, with point-and-click
+operations for login, directory listings, moving around in the
+directory tree, viewing of documentation files, and file transfers.
+
+The \verb|anonymous ftp| server on \verb|ftp.math.utah.edu| is a new
+program that offers the ability to fetch an entire subtree in {\small
+UNIX} \verb|tar|, or in compressed \verb|tar.Z|, Info-ZIP \verb|zip|,
+and Dhesi \verb|zoo| formats. The compression reduces the network
+transfer overhead, while the archive formats preserve file protections
+and time stamps, and support a file directory hierarchy. The
+top-level \verb|README| file provides further details, and the
+\verb|IAFA*| files follow Internet \verb|anonymous ftp| archive
+guidelines for providing information about the archives.
+
+If you only have electronic mail access, then to get started with
+TUGlib, send a message with the text \verb|help| to
+\verb|tuglib@math.utah.edu|. This will return enough information for
+you to understand how the server works. A typical request for the
+index to a directory is \verb|send index from tex/bib|, and a request
+for a specific file, \verb|send tugboat.bib from tex/bib|. Several
+requests can be sent in a single message.
+
+TUGlib also supports queries of the \tug\ membership list; for
+details, consult the help response message.
+
+
+\subsection*{New list for METAFONT users and afficionados}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Yannis Haralambous \\
+ \tt yannis@gat.citilille.fr
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent The programming language \MF\ is a faithful companion to
+\TeX. To use \TeX, you must have some notions of it; this is not the
+case for \MF\@. Many people use it inside batch mode processes to
+create missing fonts, without ever having looked inside a \verb|.mf|
+file. Other people --- adventurers --- have ignored Knuth's warning on
+p.\ viii of the \MF\ book, and have inevitably become hooked by \MF\@.
+Thanks to the French-speaking \TeX\ Users Group {\sl GUTenberg} a new
+e-mail discussion list has been created,
+
+\begin{enumerate} \itemsep=-2pt
+ \item as a means of communication between hooked \MF ers;
+ \item as a way to bring the `rest of us' closer to them;
+ \item as a means to get quick and efficient answers to questions
+ such as
+ \begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
+ \item why do I always get a \verb|.2602gf| file?
+ \item what is a ``strange path'' and what can I do to avoid
+ it?
+ \item is there a way to go from \MF\ to PostScript and
+ vice-versa?
+ \item where can I find a Stempel Garamond font written in
+ \MF?
+ \item what is meta-ness?
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item and finally, as a first step to encourage people to undertake
+ \MF ing, and {\bf start a new post-Computer Modern era of
+ \MF!}
+\end{enumerate}
+%
+To subscribe to this list, send the following two lines to
+\verb|listserv@ens.fr| on the Internet:
+
+\verb|SUBSCRIBE METAFONT| $<$Your name and affiliation$>$
+
+\verb|SET METAFONT MAIL ACK|
+
+The address of the list is {\tt metafont@ens.fr} (at the notorious
+\'Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure de Paris). Owner of the list is Jacques
+Beigbeder ({\tt beig@ens.fr}), coordinator is Yannis Haralambous ({\tt
+yannis@gat.citilille.fr}). Language of the list is English;
+intelligent mottos are encouraged. {\small FAQ} files will be written
+from time to time; their location and contents will be announced
+through the list. Come and join us!
+
+\vspace{-1pc}
+
+%% News from Around... (p.20):
+
+\Section{News from Around \ldots}
+
+\subsection*{Electronic documents and the law}
+
+\vspace{-1.5pc}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Jacques Andr\'e \\
+ \tt Jacques.Andre@IRISA.FR
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent {\small AFCET}'s ``Technical Committee on Electronic
+Documents'' is organising a 1-day meeting (for some time in the
+Spring) on the issue of electronic documents and the law in France.
+The Committee is looking for questions and topics which computer
+scientists, specialists in the management of electronic documents,
+editors, word processing personnel, and others would likely ask. Some
+sample situations:
+
+\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
+ \item Can I copy a friend's fonts and use them: for personal stuff
+ (e.g., correspondence)? to produce a publication which is
+ free? to produce a book for sale?
+
+ \item I've written a book and provided the publisher with a disc
+ containing both the source file and the style file (e.g.,
+ {\small DSSSL}, \LaTeX\ or Framemaker, a style sheet for
+ Word, etc.).\\
+ -- Do I retain copyright over the style, and if so, on what
+ grounds?\\
+ -- Can the publisher re-use my style file for another book?\\
+ -- Let's say that I have some original things in the style
+ file. How can I prevent the editor from reading it (and
+ eventually copying it)?
+
+ \item I've bought a hypertext disc on twentieth-century painting.
+ Can I delete the files on it and replace them with my own
+ files on, say, grasshoppers and distribute it to my students
+ taking African ecology?
+
+ \item Can I sell a syntax checker which:\\
+ -- uses a database I've built by using a {\small CD-ROM}
+ version of the Oxford English Dictionary ({\small OED})?\\
+ -- directly access the {\small OED} on {\small CD-ROM}, which
+ I require potential clients to purchase separately?
+\end{itemize}
+%
+Send your questions and problem situations --- even if you think it's
+too old-hat or silly --- to:
+
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+ Jacques Andr\'e & e-mail: \tt jandre@irisa.fr \\
+ \small IRISA/INRIA-Rennes & Tel: (33) 99 84 73 50 \\
+ Campus de Beaulieu & \fax: (33) 99 38 38 32 \\
+ F-35042 Rennes cedex, France & \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+
+%% Reports on Meetings (p.21):
+
+\Section{Reports on Meetings}
+
+\subsection*{UK\TeX UG: 14 October AGM}
+
+\vspace{-1.5pc}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ R.A.\ Bailey\\
+ UK \TeX\ Users' Group
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent At the recent Annual General Meeting of the UK \TeX\ Users'
+Group, held on October 14th, elections were held and the {\small
+UKTUG} committee now consists of P.\ Abbott (Chair), R.A.\ Bailey
+(Committee Secretary), S.\ Brooks ({\sl Baskerville\/} editor), D.\
+Eckersley, R.\ Fairbairns, I.W.\ Hall (Treasurer), D.\ Murphy
+(Membership Secretary), D.\ Penfold (Membership Secretary), J.\ Petts,
+S.P.Q.\ Rahtz, P.\ Taylor (Acting Chair), and G.\ Toal.
+
+After the {\small AGM} there was an ordinary meeting entitled
+``Something completely different and yet integrated''. R.A.\ Bailey,
+C.A.\ Rowley and D.V.J.\ Murphy spoke about using \TeX, \LaTeX,
+\AmSTeX, \AmSLaTeX\ and L\AmSTeX\ to word-process and typeset
+mathematical documents. After tea, D.\ Osborne showed participants how
+to access the Aston Archive using Internet tools.
+
+The UK \TeX\ Users' Group will be establishing a fund to be called the
+Cathy Booth Memorial Fund. The Fund will be used to support education
+and research in electronic publishing in general and in the use and
+development of \TeX\ and its relatives in particular, and for other
+charitable purposes concerned with education. {\small UKTUG} will be
+requesting donations to the {\small CBMF} some time within the next
+six months.
+
+Upcoming meetings are tentatively planned for January or February,
+March, and May (details to be announced later).
+
+
+\subsection*{NTG in 1993: 11th Meeting}
+
+\vspace{-1.5pc}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Gerard van Nes\\
+ Secretary, NTG
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent The 11th Dutch \TeX{} Users Group Meeting will be held on
+June 10, 1993 at the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute in the heart
+of Holland: De Bilt.
+
+The topic of this one-day meeting will be ``From Font To Book''. Rein
+Smedinga (Computer Science Groningen) will explain how to create a
+book using \LaTeX{}. Physicist Lambrecht Kok (director of Coulomb
+Press Leiden) will speak about his publishing experience.
+
+In addition, famous font designers will discuss all the in's and out's
+of fonts. \ntg\ president Kees van der Laan will outline the history
+of the \ntg's five years of existence, and will look into the future.
+
+For detailed information, contact Theo Jurriens, {\tt
+taj@astro.rug.nl}.
+
+\newpage
+
+%% Board Activities (pp.22--23):
+
+\Section{TUG Board Activities}
+
+\subsection*{New TUG Executive Director named}
+
+\vspace{-1.5pc}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Malcolm Clark \\
+ \tug\ President
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent Patricia Monohon has been appointed as \tug's new Executive
+Director. She takes over from Ron Whitney, who has served \tug\ since
+1989, first as production assistant for \TUB, and then as \tug's
+Business Manager. His plans for the future include consulting,
+freelance programming, and raising a child.
+
+Pat is currently a \TeX\ consultant and supports the Center for Remote
+Sensing and Environmental Optics at the University of California,
+Santa Barbara. She was instrumental in the formation of the Santa
+Barbara Area \TeX\ Users Group. She currently teaches classes in both
+\TeX\ and \LaTeX\ on the {\small UCSB} campus. Before this she was
+employed at the European Organization for Nuclear Research ({\small
+CERN}) in Geneva, where she installed \TeX\ on a wide range of
+platforms, and provided a variety of other support roles, from the
+creation of macros through to instruction of personnel.
+
+She also spent some time at the International Institute for Applied
+Systems in Laxenburg, Austria, where she edited conference
+proceedings, research papers and books, activities which she has since
+pursued in a freelance capacity. Prior to that, Pat was administrative
+services manager in the Math Dept.\ at the University of Washington.
+
+She therefore comes to \tug\ with a proven record in administration,
+\TeX\ support, the organisation of volunteers, and the editing and
+typesetting of books and journals. In addition, Pat has a working
+knowledge of French and German, a by-product of her years spent in
+Europe.
+
+Pat is well known to many in the \TeX\ world. She has been using \TeX\
+since 1982, and became a member of \tug\ in 1984. She has attended
+many of the annual \tug\ conferences held in Europe. I am very pleased
+to welcome her aboard.
+
+
+\subsection*{A new TUG President, too}
+
+\vspace{-1.5pc}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Malcolm Clark \\
+ \tug\ President
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent Christina Thiele has been elected President of the
+\TeX\ Users Group. She will take over on January 1st, 1993, for a
+two-and-a-half year term of office.
+
+This was a somewhat unusual election. You will probably have realised
+that you did not receive a list of candidates and a ballot slip. The
+intended procedure was that candidates would be nominated from the
+membership, and a `normal' democratic postal voting system would swing
+into action. Sadly, by the due date, no candidates had appeared. This
+was quite a worry, especially to me, since I might conceivably have to
+continue longer as President, something I had not bargained for. We
+might argue that the Vice President would take over on January 1st,
+but Ken Dreyhaupt was unable to take on this position. We were
+therefore left in a rather awkward position. Exercising our executive
+powers, the Executive Committee devised the following scheme: we
+would, in the first instance, invite members of the Board to put
+themselves forward for election to the office; in so doing we stressed
+the importance of the post, the fact that they were already elected
+members, and that they had been elected to serve the membership --- in
+other words, we appealed to their better nature and honour; failing
+this we would have coerced, cajoled or conscripted more widely.
+
+Fortunately there were two honourable Board members who felt the call
+to serve. I don't want to make light of this: not every Board member
+is in a position to take on the role of President, but their
+contribution on the Board may be very valuable and significant. Both
+Christina Thiele and Mimi Jett stepped forward. We then circulated
+`position statements' or `manifestos' from the two candidates to all
+members of the Board, and voted, by e-mail, with the result that
+Christina was elected President.
+
+Why didn't we circulate this information to the membership, and
+proceed with a more normal election? We were running out of time. At
+the time it was evident that no candidates were forthcoming, we had no
+contingency plan --- something the election procedures committee will
+be examining in the future. Why there should have been no candidates
+is another question --- in all modesty I assume it is because I am
+such a hard act to follow. The time taken to discuss and circulate a
+plausible substitute procedure, then find a volunteer, and provide a
+decent period for voting, meant that we were close to the end of
+November before the votes could be collected and counted. Had we
+decided to adopt a postal vote of all members, we might easily have
+been well into January before the results could be announced.
+
+I don't pretend that this is the best possible procedure which can
+have been erected. I think however it was a reasonably fair procedure.
+I do regret that we were left with insufficient time to advise the
+whole membership of the activities. But there are times when
+leadership must be exercised. I am particularly encouraged that I, for
+one, would have been happy to see either candidate as President. They
+both have proven, excellent records in the group, and outside.
+
+We have a new, capable President, and we have a new capable Executive
+Director. They are both women: things are definitely improving!
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% TUG Courses for 1993 (p.24):
+
+\Section{\Large\bf \TeX\ Users Group \\
+ 1993 Course Schedule}
+
+\vspace{-.5pc}
+
+\noindent\begin{tabular}{llll}
+\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Beginning/Intermediate \TeX*}
+ & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Intensive Course in \LaTeX*} \\
+\quad Boston & April 19--23 & \quad San Francisco & March 1--5 \\
+\quad San Diego & June 14--18 & \quad Boston & April 26--30 \\
+\quad Boston & August 9--13 & \quad Ottawa & August 23--27 \\
+\quad Chicago & Oct.\ 18--22 & \quad Boston & Oct.\ 25--29 \\ [3pt]
+\cline{2-3}
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Modifying \LaTeX\ Style Files*}
+ & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Adv'd \TeX\ and Macro Writing*} \\
+\quad San Diego & June 7--11 & \quad San Diego & June 21--25 \\
+ & & \quad Boston & Nov.\ 1--5 \\ [3pt]
+\cline{2-3}
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl \TeX\ for Publishers}
+ & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Practical SGML and \TeX*} \\
+\quad San Francisco & March 8 & \quad San Francisco & March 9--10 \\
+\quad Boston & March 22 & \quad Boston & Nov.\ 8--9 \\
+\quad New York City & June 9 \\
+\quad Washington, DC & Nov.\ 12 \\ [3pt]
+\cline{2-3}
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Book and Document Design}
+ & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\sl SGML and \TeX\ for} \\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\sl with \TeX\qquad}
+ & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\sl Publishers*} \\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{Boston\quad Sept.\ 23--24}
+ & \multicolumn{2}{c}{New York\quad Nov.\ 10} \\ [3pt]
+\cline{2-3}
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\multicolumn{4}{c}{\footnotesize
+ *Lab classes --- computers will be provided for
+ all students.} \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\vspace{6pt}
+\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule
+
+
+\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
+ \item \tug\ courses are small, with 8--15 students in most classes,
+ and are held at major hotels.
+
+ \item The dates and locations above are tentative --- watch for the
+ final schedule in the mail this fall.
+
+ \item For more information, contact the \TUG\ at 805-899-4673.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule
+\vspace{6pt}
+
+\begin{center}
+ \large\bf On-Site Courses in \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ from \TUG\
+\end{center}
+
+\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
+ \item Courses in \TeX{}, \LaTeX{}, {\small SGML} and \TeX,
+ PostScript, or \TeX{} for Publishers tailored to the needs of
+ your group
+
+ \item Courses at every level from beginning to advanced
+
+ \item Five full days of instruction at your site
+
+ \item One-week course fee includes all instructor fees and expenses
+ plus textbooks and other materials for up to 15 students
+
+ \item If a properly equipped training facility is not available,
+ \tug\ will arrange computer rentals and supply \TeX{} or
+ \LaTeX{} software
+\end{itemize}
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% Upcoming Events (p.25):
+
+\Section{Upcoming Events}
+
+\begin{center}
+{\tabcolsep3pt \setbox 0 = \hbox {\bf 24--27 March}
+\dimen 0 = \hsize
+\advance \dimen 0 by -6\tabcolsep
+\advance \dimen 0 by -\wd 0
+\advance \dimen 0 by -4.8 cm
+\begin{tabular}{p{\wd 0}p{4.8cm}p{\dimen 0}}
+\hline
+\hline
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\bf 24--27 Feb.\nl
+\bf 1993 & {\small\bf CONCEPPTS}'93:\nl
+ The Prepublishing Conference
+ Orange Co.\ Convention
+ Centre, Orlando, Florida.
+ & Phone: 703-264-7200\nl
+ \fax: 703-620-9187. \\
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\hline
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\bf 1 March & {\bf Knuth Scholarship}:\nl
+ Deadline for 1993 submissions.\nl
+ (see Cover 2 for address)
+ & Knuth Scholar.\ Committee\nl
+ \careof \tug\ Office\nl
+ {\tt tug@math.ams.org} \\
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\hline
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\bf 9--12 March & {\small\bf DANTE}'93 and General\nl
+ Meeting,\nl
+ Chemnitz (near Dresden).
+ & Dr.\ Wolfgang Riedel\nl
+ {\tt wolfgang.riedel@hrz.tu-}\nl
+ {\tt chemnitz.de} \\
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\hline
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\bf 30--31 March & {\small\bf UKTUG}:\nl
+ ``\TeX\ for non-American\nl languages''.
+ Conference and tutorials,
+ University of Glasgow
+ & Phil Taylor\nl
+ {\tt chaa006@vax.rhbnc.ac.uk} \\
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\hline
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\bf 10 June & {\small\bf NTG}:
+ 11th Annual Meeting,\nl
+ Royal Dutch Meteorological\nl
+ Institute, De Bilt.
+ & Theo Jurriens\nl
+ {\tt taj@astro.rug.nl} \\
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\hline
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\bf 16--19 June & {\small\bf ACH-ALLC93}:\nl
+ Joint int'l.\ conference:
+ Assoc.\ for Computers and the Humanities
+ and the Assoc.\ for Literary and Linguistic
+ Computing\nl
+ Georgetown University,\nl
+ Washington, D.C.
+ & Dr.\ Michael Neuman \nl
+ {\tt Neuman@Guvax.bitnet} \nl
+ {\tt Neuman@Guvax.Georgetown.} \nl
+ {\tt edu} \\
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\hline
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\bf 26--29 July & {\small\bf TUG'93}:\nl
+ ``World Wide Window on \TeX''\nl
+ Aston University,\nl
+ Birmingham, \uk.
+ & Chris Rowley, {\tt ca\_rowley} \nl
+ {\tt @vax.acs.open.ac.uk} \nl
+ Malcolm Clark \nl
+ {\tt malcolmc@wmin.ac.uk} \\
+\noalign{\vskip4pt}
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+}
+\end{center}
+
+\vspace{1pc}
+
+\noindent {\bf Note}: Also consult the ``Calendar'' in the previous
+issue of \TUB\ for more dates.
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% Index of issues 0,0 to 1,4 (inclusive) (pp.26--28):
+
+\newcommand{\indexletter}[1]{\begin{center}
+ \bf -- #1 --
+ \end{center}
+ }
+
+\twocolumn[\Section{Index \\
+ TTN 0,0 to 1,4 (inclusive)}
+
+This Index was prepared by Jackie Damrau; it includes material which
+has appeared in 5 issues of \ttn, from the prototype of 1991 to this,
+the final issue for 1992. {\bf Notation:} All references show the {\bf
+volume},number:page; outside back cover is noted as C4.
+
+\vspace{1pc}
+]
+
+{\footnotesize \baselineskip=10pt
+
+\begin{list}{}{\itemsep=-1pt
+ \parsep=2pt
+ \leftmargin0pt
+ \listparindent=-12pt}
+
+\indexletter{C}
+\item 1993 Course Schedule {\bf 1},3:26; {\bf 1},4:24
+
+\indexletter{E}
+\item Editorials {\bf 0},0:1; {\bf 1},1:1; {\bf 1},2:1;
+ {\bf 1},3:1; {\bf 1},4:1;
+\item Elections
+ \subitem Board {\bf 0},0:25; {\bf 1},1:2
+ \subitem President {\bf 1},2:28; {\bf 1},3:25; {\bf 1},4:22
+\item Electronic Retrieval Sites
+ \subitem New list for METAFONT users {\bf 1},4:19
+ \subitem New {\tt LISTSERV} for Greek \TeX\ Users {\bf 0},0:6
+ \subitem DC fonts {\bf 1},4:17
+
+\indexletter{F}
+\item Feature Articles
+ \subitem {\tt jeep.sty}: A General Purpose Style File {\bf 0},0:3
+ \subitem Scientific Publishing in Mexico {\bf 1},1:7
+ \subitem The Technical Council {\bf 1},3:5
+ \subitem \TeX\ Conventions Concerning Languages {\bf 1},4:3
+ \subitem Update on \TeX\ in Japan {\bf 1},2:5
+
+\indexletter{H}
+\item ``Hey --- it works!''
+ \subitem Dealing with very long paragraphs {\bf 1},1:15
+ \subitem Dollars and pounds, \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ {\bf 1},4:14
+ \subitem Some applications for \verb|\llap| {\bf 0},0:30
+ \subitem The Cauchy integral {\bf 1},1:15; {\bf 1},2:15
+ \subitem Turning double brackets into delims. {\bf 1},2:14
+ \subitem Marking lines in the margin {\bf 1},3:12; {\bf 1}4:10
+ \subsubitem Editor's note {\bf 1},3:14
+ \subitem When there's only one of {\it you} \dots\ {\bf 1},3:14
+ \subitem Some TTN \LaTeX\ tricks {\bf 1},3:15
+
+\indexletter{I}
+\item In Memoriam
+ \subitem Cathy Booth {\bf 1},1:28
+ \subitem Samuel B.\ Whidden {\bf 1},1:28
+\item Index {\bf 1},4:26
+
+\indexletter{K}
+\item Knuth Scholarship
+ \subitem 1992 {\bf 1},1:3; {\bf 1},3:3; {\bf 1},4:28
+
+
+\indexletter{L}
+\item \AllTeX\ News
+ \subitem DC fonts --- questions and answers (I) {\bf 1},4:15
+ \subitem \ILaTeX {\bf 1},1:16
+ \subitem \LaTeX\ Tables: workshop handouts {\bf 1},2:16
+ \subitem Lollipop now available {\bf 1},4:17
+ \subitem New list for METAFONT afficionados {\bf 1},4:19
+ \subitem NTG's MAPS bibliography database {\bf 1},4:18
+ \subitem Recent Updates to \LaTeX\ 2.09 {\bf 1},2:17
+ \subitem \TeX\ Macro Index {\bf 1},2:16
+ \subitem TUGlib archive --- update {\bf 1},4:18
+ \subitem Volunteer Work for the \LaTeX3 Project {\bf 1},3:18
+\item \LaTeX 3 Project
+ \subitem Bowling Tournament Boosts Fund {\bf 1},3:21
+ \subitem \LaTeX3, TUG, and You {\bf 1},2:2
+ \subitem \LaTeX3 Update {\bf 1},3:4
+ \subitem The \LaTeX3 Project Fund {\bf 1},1:5
+ \subitem Volunteer Work for the \LaTeX3 Project {\bf 1},3:18
+ \subitem What is the \LaTeX3 Project? {\bf 1},1:4
+
+\newpage
+
+\indexletter{M}
+\item Meeting Announcements
+ \subitem Euro\TeX'92 {\bf 1},2:22
+ \subitem TeCH'92 {\bf 1},1:21
+ \subitem TUG'91: \TeX\ Inroads into Publishing {\bf 0},0:28
+ \subitem TUG'92: \TeX\ in Context {\bf 1},1:22, C4
+ \subitem TUG'93:\ts World\ts Wide\ts Window\ts on\ts
+ \TeX\ {\bf 1},4:C4
+
+\indexletter{N}
+\item New Publications {\bf 1},1:14; {\bf 1},2:13; {\bf 1},3:9;
+ {\bf 1},4:11
+\item News from Around \ldots\
+ \subitem CyrTUG {\bf 1},1:17
+ \subitem Electronic documents and the law {\bf 1},4:20
+ \subitem Estonian User Group {\bf 1},2:19
+ \subitem Gleanings From Here and There {\bf 1},3:19
+ \subitem GUST {\bf 1},2:19
+ \subitem GUTenberg {\bf 1},2:19
+ \subitem New {\tt LISTSERV} for Greek \TeX\ Users {\bf 0},0:6
+ \subitem SibTUG {\bf 1},1:18
+ \subitem \TeX\ in the Soviet Union {\bf 0},0:5
+
+\indexletter{P}
+\item Published \TeX\ Credits
+ \subitem The Truth about \TeX\ {\bf 0},0:6
+\item Publications
+ \subitem Euro\TeX'92 {\it Proceedings} (Prague) {\bf 1},3:28
+ \subitem New Publications {\bf 1},1:14; {\bf 1},2:13;
+ {\bf 1},3:9; {\bf 1},4:11
+ \subitem NTG's MAPS bibliography available {\bf 1},4:18
+ \subitem \TeX niques (latest issues) {\bf 1},3:C4
+ \subitem TUGlib archive --- Update {\bf 1},4:18
+
+\indexletter{R}
+\item Reports on Meetings
+ \subitem CsTUG {\bf 1},1:20
+ \subitem Euro\TeX'91 {\bf 1},1:20
+ \subitem Euro\TeX'92 {\bf 1},2:22; {\bf 1},3:22
+ \subsubitem Euro\TeX'92 {\it Proceedings} (Prague) {\bf 1},3:28
+ \subitem Grupo de Usuarios de \TeX\ {\bf 1},2:21
+ \subitem NTG Spring Meeting {\bf 1},2:22
+ \subitem NTG in 1993 {\bf 1},4:21
+
+\newpage
+
+ \subitem \mbox{\empty}
+ \subitem TUG'91 {\bf 1},1:19
+ \subitem TUG'92 {\bf 1},3:19
+ \subsubitem Bowling Boosts \LaTeX3 Fund {\bf 1},3:21
+ \subitem UK\TeX UG {\bf 1},2:20; {\bf 1},4:21
+
+\indexletter{S}
+\item Style Files
+ \subitem {\tt jeep.sty} {\bf 0},0:3
+
+\indexletter{T}
+\item The Technical Council {\bf 1},3:5
+ \subitem see also: Working Groups
+\item \TeX hax Tidbits {\bf 0},0:27
+\item \TeX niques (latest issues) {\bf 1},3:C4
+\item TUG Board Activities
+ \subitem Communications {\bf 0},0:20
+ \subitem Elections
+ \subsubitem Board {\bf 0},0:25; {\bf 1},1:2
+ \subsubitem President {\bf 1},2:28; {\bf 1},3:25; {\bf 1},4:22
+ \subitem Message from the Board {\bf 0},0:7
+ \subitem New TUG Executive Director named {\bf 1},4:22
+ \subitem A New TUG President, too {\bf 1},4:22
+ \subitem Summaries of Meetings
+ \subsubitem 1990 {\bf 0},0:11
+ \subsubitem 1991 {\bf 0},0:15; {\bf 1},1:23, 25
+ \subsubitem 1992 {\bf 1},2:24; {\bf 1},3:23
+\item Typographer's Inn {\bf 1},1:12;\ts {\bf 1},2:11;\ts
+ {\bf 1},3:10;\ts {\bf 1},4:12
+
+\indexletter{U}
+\item Upcoming Events {\bf 0},0:32; {\bf 1},1:27; {\bf 1},2:27;
+ {\bf 1},3:27; {\bf 1},4:25
+
+\indexletter{W}
+\item Working Groups
+ \subitem (WG-92-00) {\bf 1},3:6
+ \subitem (WG-92-01) {\bf 1},3:7
+ \subitem (WG-92-02) {\bf 1},3:7
+ \subitem (WG-92-03) {\bf 1},3:7; {\bf 1},4:3
+ \subitem (WG-92-04) {\bf 1},3:8
+ \subitem (WG-92-05) {\bf 1},3:8
+
+\end{list}
+
+\vfill}
+
+\onecolumn
+
+\newpage
+
+\subsection*{Attention: Submissions for Knuth Scholarship
+ Competition}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+ Nico Poppelier \\
+ Board Liaison, Knuth Scholarship Committee
+\end{flushright}
+
+\noindent The \tug\ Office has moved to a new location, namely to
+Santa Barbara. Applicants should therefore request information and
+send submissions to the new address --- see inside front cover. For
+more information on the scholarship, please read the announcement in
+\TUB\ 13, no.\ 3, pp.\ 395--396.
+
+I should like to stress that the competition is open only to members
+of the \TUG\ with qualifications as explained in that announcement.
+
+
+\vspace{7pc}
+
+\begin{center}
+ {\large\bf New TUG Address} \\ [6pt]
+ {\bf \TUG} \\
+ P.O. Box 869\\
+ Santa Barbara, CA 93102 USA \\ [3pt]
+ Balboa Building, Room 307 \\
+ 735 State Street \\
+ Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA \\ [3pt]
+ Phone: 805-899-4673 \\
+ E-mail: \tt tug@math.ams.org \\
+\end{center}
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% Cover 3 (Table of Contents):
+
+\pagestyle{empty}
+
+\begin{center}
+ {\Sectionfont \TeX{} and TUG NEWS\\
+ \medskip
+ Table of Contents}
+\end{center}
+
+\vspace{1pc}
+
+\contentsline {section}{{\it Editorial}}{1}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{\TeX\ Conventions Concerning Languages\\
+ \indent {\em Yannis Haralambous}}{3}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{New Publications\\
+ \indent {\em Peter Schmitt}}{11}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{Typographer's Inn\\
+ \indent {\em Peter Flynn}}{12}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{``Hey --- it works!''}{}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Dollars and Pounds, \TeX\ and \LaTeX\
+ \quad {\em Christina Thiele}}{14}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{\AllTeX\ News}{}
+\contentsline {subsection}{DC Fonts: Questions and Answers (I)
+ \quad {\em Yannis Haralambous}}{15}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Lollipop now available
+ \quad {\em Victor Eijkhout}}{17}
+\contentsline {subsection}{NTG's MAPS database now available
+ \quad {\em Gerard van Nes}}{18}
+\contentsline {subsection}{TUGlib archive --- update
+ \quad {\em Nelson H.F.\ Beebe}}{18}
+\contentsline {subsection}{New list for METAFONT afficionados
+ \quad {\em Yannis Haralambous}}{19}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{News from Around \ldots}{}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Electronic documents and the law
+ \quad {\em Jacques Andr\'e}}{20}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{Reports on Meetings}{}
+\contentsline {subsection}{UK\TeX UG: 14 October AGM
+ \quad {\em R.A.\ Bailey}}{21}
+\contentsline {subsection}{NTG in 1993: 11th Meeting
+ \quad {\em Gerard van Nes}}{21}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{\tug\ Board Activities}{}
+\contentsline {subsection}{New \tug\ Executive Director named}{22}
+\contentsline {subsection}{A new \tug\ President, too}{22}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{\TUG\ 1993 Course Schedule}{24}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{Upcoming Events}{25}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{Index (\ttn\ 0,0 to 1,4, inclusive)}{26}
+\smallskip
+\contentsline {section}{Attention: Submissions for Knuth Scholarship
+ Competition}{28}
+
+\vspace{2pc}
+
+\begin{center}
+ \bf Volume 1, No.\ 4, 1992
+\end{center}
+
+\newpage
+
+
+%% Cover 4 (TUG'93 announcement):
+
+\pagestyle{empty}
+
+\raggedright
+\frenchspacing
+\parindent0pt
+\parskip2pt
+\rightskip 0pt plus1fil minus0pt
+\baselineskip12pt
+
+\font\fib cmfib8 scaled \magstep2
+\font\Fib cmfib8 scaled \magstep3
+\font\ffib cmfib8 scaled \magstep1
+
+\def\dia{$\diamond$}
+\leftline{\fib TUG93 call for papers}
+
+\medskip
+
+\leftline{\Fib World Wide Window on \TeX}
+\smallskip
+\leftline{\ffib 14th Annual \TeX\ Users Group Meeting
+July 26th -- 29th, 1993}
+
+\medskip
+
+Aston University in Birmingham, UK, will be the venue for the 1993
+\tug\ conference. Aston is the home of the Aston Archive, one of the
+largest collections of electronic \TeX\ paraphernalia. This is the
+first time the annual meeting will have been held outside North
+America.
+
+The location of the conference at one centre of the electronic web and
+its movement from North America encourages particular focus on the
+world-wide aspects of \TeX\ (\LaTeX, \MF, \dots). The marked rise in
+maturity of windowing systems (Mac\-intosh, Atari, Amiga, Windows3, X
+windows) also allows us to exploit more straightforward and direct
+ways of employing the \TeX\ tools. It is hoped that there will be a
+contribution to the conference from the Didot project, further
+extending the range of topics to include digital typography and font
+creation.
+
+The conference will feature the regular paper presentations, but
+workshops, poster displays, courses, panels and birds-of-a-feather
+sessions will be integral components.
+
+\medskip
+
+Contributions are being actively sought in the following subject
+areas: \dia~archives \dia~electronic networks \dia~formatting
+structured documents \dia~\LaTeX3 \dia~graphical user interfaces to
+\TeX ware \dia~non-english issues \dia~non-Latin scripts \dia~digital
+typography \dia~editing structured documents \dia~styles \dia~other
+typesetting systems \dia~document views~\dia
+
+\medskip
+
+Abstracts should be sent to the program coordinators by February~22nd,
+1993.
+
+\medskip
+\leftline{\ffib Conference committee}
+Maureen Campbell,
+Peter Abbott,
+Chris Rowley,
+Philip Taylor,
+Carol Hewlett,
+Sebastian Rahtz,
+Malcolm Clark
+
+\medskip
+
+\leftline{\ffib Program coordinators}
+\begin{tabular}{lll}
+ & Chris Rowley & Malcolm Clark \\
+ & Parsifal College & IRS \\
+ & Open University & University of Westminster \\
+ & Finchley Road & 115 New Cavendish Street \\
+ & London NW3 7BG & London W1M 8JS \\
+phone: & 071 794 0575 & 071 911 5000 ex 3622 \\
+e-mail: & \tt ca\char'137rowley@vax.acs.open.ac.uk\quad
+ & \tt malcolmc@wmin.ac.uk\\
+fax: & 071 433 6196 & 071 911 5093 \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+\end{document}
+
+%% END OF FILE
+