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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
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+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>
+TTF2PT1 - A True Type to PostScript Type 1 Converter
+</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<!-- =defdoc t1 ttf2pt1 1 >
+<H2>
+<!-- =section t1 NAME >
+TTF2PT1 - A True Type to PostScript Type 1 Font Converter
+<!-- =stop >
+</H2>
+
+<!
+(Do not edit this file, it is generated from README.html!!!)
+>
+<TT>
+[
+<blockquote>
+<!-- =section t1 HISTORY >
+ Based on ttf2pfa by Andrew Weeks, and help from Frank Siegert.
+<BR>
+ Modification by Mark Heath.
+<BR>
+ Further modification by Sergey Babkin.
+<BR>
+ The Type1 assembler by I. Lee Hetherington with modifications by
+ Kai-Uwe Herbing.
+<!-- =stop >
+</blockquote>
+]
+</TT>
+<p>
+
+Ever wanted to install a particular font on your XServer but only could find
+the font you are after in True Type Format?
+<p>
+
+Ever asked <TT>comp.fonts</TT> for a True Type to Type 1 converter and got a List
+of Commercial software that doesn't run on your Operating System?
+<p>
+
+Well, this program should be the answer. This program is written in C (so it
+should be portable) and therefore should run on any OS. The only limitation
+is that the program requires some method of converting Big endian integers into
+local host integers so the network functions ntohs and ntohl are used. These
+can be replaced by macros if your platform doesn't have them.
+Of course the target platform requires a C compiler and command line ability.
+<p>
+
+<!-- =section t1 DESCRIPTION >
+Ttf2pt1 is a font converter from the True Type format (and some other formats
+supported by the FreeType library as well) to the Adobe Type1 format.
+<p>
+
+The versions 3.0 and later got rather extensive post-processing algorithm that
+brings the converted fonts to the requirements of the Type1 standard, tries to
+correct the rounding errors introduced during conversions and some simple
+kinds of bugs that are typical for the public domain TTF fonts. It
+also generates the hints that enable much better rendering of fonts in
+small sizes that are typical for the computer displays. But everything
+has its price, and some of the optimizations may not work well for certain
+fonts. That's why the options were added to the converter, to control
+the performed optimizations.
+<p>
+<!-- =stop >
+
+The converter is simple to run, just:
+<p>
+
+<!-- =section t1 SYNOPSIS >
+<blockquote>
+ <tt>ttf2pt1 <i>[-options] ttffont.ttf [Fontname]</i></tt>
+</blockquote>
+or
+<blockquote>
+ <tt>ttf2pt1 <i>[-options] ttffont.ttf -</i></tt>
+</blockquote>
+<!-- =stop >
+<p>
+
+<!-- =section t1 OPTIONS >
+The first variant creates the file <tt>Fontname.pfa</tt> (or <tt>Fontname.pfb</tt> if the
+option `<b>-b</b>' was used) with the converted font and <tt>Fontname.afm</tt> with the
+font metrics, the second one prints the font or the font metrics (if the option
+`<b>-A</b>' was used) on the standard output from where it can be immediately
+piped through some filter. If no <tt>Fontname</tt> is specified for the first
+variant, the name is generated from <tt>ttffont</tt> by replacing the <tt>.ttf</tt>
+filename suffix.
+<p>
+
+Most of the time no options are neccessary (with a possible exception
+of `<b>-e</b>'). But if there are some troubles with the resulting font, they
+may be used to control the conversion.
+The <B>options</B> are:
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==over 2 >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-a</TT></B> - Include all the glyphs from the source file into the converted
+ file. If this option is not specified then only the glyphs that have
+ been assigned some encoding are included, because the rest of glyphs
+ would be inaccessible anyway and would only consume the disk space.
+ But some applications are clever enough to change the encoding on
+ the fly and thus use the other glyphs, in this case they could
+ benefit from using this option. But there is a catch: the X11 library
+ has rather low limit for the font size. Including more glyphs increases
+ the file size and thus increases the chance of hitting this limit.
+ See <A HREF="app/X11/README.html"><tt>app/X11/README</tt></A> for the description of a
+ patch to X11 which fixes this problem.
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-A</TT></B> - Print the font metrics (.afm file) instead of the font on STDOUT
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-b</TT></B> - Encode the resulting font to produce a ready <tt>.pfb</tt> file.
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-d <i>suboptions</i></TT></B> - Debugging options. The suboptions are:
+<p>
+
+<blockquote>
+ <TT><B>a</TT></B> - Print out the absolute coordinates of dots in outlines. Such
+ a font can not be used by any program (that's why this option is
+ incompatible with `<b>-e</b>') but it has proven to be a valuable debuging
+ information.
+<p>
+
+ <TT><B>r</TT></B> - Do not reverse the direction of outlines. The TTF fonts have
+ the standard direction of outlines opposite to the Type1 fonts. So
+ they should be reversed during proper conversion. This option
+ may be used for debugging or to handle a TTF font with wrong
+ direction of outlines (possibly, converted in a broken way from
+ a Type1 font). The first signs of the wrong direction are the
+ letters like "P" or "B" without the unpainted "holes" inside.
+<p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-e</TT></B> - Assemble the resulting font to produce a ready <tt>.pfa</tt> file.
+<I>
+ [ </I>S.B.<I>: Personally I don't think that this option is particularly useful.
+ The same result may be achieved by piping the unassembled data
+ through t1asm, the Type 1 assembler. And, anyways, it's good to
+ have the t1utils package handy. But Mark and many users think that
+ this functionality is good and it took not much time to add this option. ]
+</I>
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-F</TT></B> - Force the Unicode encoding: any type of MS encoding specified
+ in the font is ignored and the font is treated like it has Unicode
+ encoding. <B>WARNING:</B> <I>this option is intended for buggy fonts
+ which actually are in Unicode but are marked as something else. The
+ effect on the other fonts is unpredictable.</I>
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-l <I>language</I>[+<I>argument</I>]</TT></B> - Extract the fonts for the specified language from a
+ multi-language Unicode font. If this option is not used the converter
+ tries to guess the language by the values of the shell variable LANG.
+ If it is not able to guess the language by LANG it tries all the
+ languages in the order they are listed.
+<p>
+
+ After the plus sign an optional argument for the language extractor
+ may be specified. The format of the argument is absolutely up to
+ the particular language converter. The primary purpose of the
+ argument is to support selection of planes for the multi-plane
+ Eastern encodings but it can also be used in any other way. The
+ language extractor may decide to add the plane name in some form
+ to the name of the resulting font. None of the currently supported
+ languages make any use of the argument yet.
+<p>
+
+ As of now the following languages are supported:
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<TT>latin1</TT> - for all the languages using the Latin-1 encoding
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<TT>latin2</TT> - for the Central European languages
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<TT>latin4</TT> - for the Baltic languages
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<TT>latin5</TT> - for the Turkish language
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<TT>russian</TT> - for the Russian language
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<TT>bulgarian</TT> - for the Bulgarian language
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<TT>adobestd</TT> - for the AdobeStandard encoding used by TeX
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<TT>plane+<i>argument</i></TT> - to select one plane from a multi-byte encoding
+<p>
+
+ The argument of the "<tt>plane</tt>" language may be in one of three forms:
+<p>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<tt>plane+<b>pid=</b><i>&lt;pid&gt;</i><b>,eid=</b><i>&lt;eid&gt;</i></tt>
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<tt>plane+<b>pid=</b><i>&lt;pid&gt;</i><b>,eid=</b><i>&lt;eid&gt;</i><b>,</b><i>&lt;plane_number&gt;</i></tt>
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<tt>plane+<i>&lt;plane_number&gt;</i></tt>
+<p>
+
+ Pid (TTF platform id) and eid (TTF encoding id) select a particular
+ TTF encoding table in the original font. They are specified as decimal
+ numbers. If this particular encoding table is not present in the font
+ file then the conversion fails. The native ("ttf") front-end parser supports
+ only pid=3 (Windows platform), the FreeType-based ("ft") front-end supports
+ any platform. If pid/eid is not specified then the TTF encoding table is
+ determined as usual: Unicode encoding if it's first or an 8-bit encoding
+ if not (and for an 8-bit encoding the plane number is silently ignored).
+ To prevent the converter from falling back to an 8-bit encoding, specify
+ the Unicode pid/eid value explicitly.
+<p>
+
+ Plane_number is a hexadecimal (if starts with "<b>0x</b>") or decimal number.
+ It gives the values of upper bytes for which 256 characters will be
+ selected. If not specified, defaults to 0. It is also used as a font
+ name suffix (the leading "0x" is not included into the suffix).
+<p>
+
+<!-- =stop >
+ <B>NOTE:</B>
+<!-- =section t1 BUGS >
+ It seems that many Eastern fonts use features of the TTF format that are
+ not supported by the ttf2pt1's built-in front-end parser. Because of
+ this for now we recommend using the FreeType-based parser (option
+ `<b>-p ft</b>') with the "<tt>plane</tt>" language.
+<p>
+<!-- =stop >
+
+<!-- =section t1 OPTIONS >
+<I>
+ <B>NOTE:</B>
+ You may notice that the language names are not uniform: some are the
+ names of particular languages and some are names of encodings. This
+ is because of the different approaches. The original idea was to
+ implement a conversion from Unicode to the appropriate Windows
+ encoding for a given language. And then use the translation tables
+ to generate the fonts in whatever final encodings are needed. This
+ would allow to pile together the Unicode fonts and the non-Unicode
+ Windows fonts for that language and let the program to sort them out
+ automatically. And then generate fonts in all the possible encodings
+ for that language. An example of this approach is the Russian language
+ support. But if there is no multiplicity of encodings used for some
+ languages and if the non-Unicode fonts are not considered important
+ by the users, another way would be simpler to implement: just provide
+ only one table for extraction of the target encoding from Unicode
+ and don't bother with the translation tables. The </I>latin*<I> "languages"
+ are examples of this approach. If somebody feels that he needs the
+ Type1 fonts both in Latin-* and Windows encodings he or she is absolutely
+ welcome to submit the code to implement it.
+</I><p>
+
+ <B>WARNING:</B>
+ Some of the glyphs included into the AdobeStandard encoding are not
+ included into the Unicode standard. The most typical examples of such
+ glyphs are ligatures like `fi', `fl' etc. Because of this the font
+ designers may place them at various places. The converter tries to
+ do its best, if the glyphs have honest Adobe names and/or are
+ placed at the same codes as in the Microsoft fonts they will be
+ picked up. Otherwise a possible solution is to use the option `<b>-L</b>'
+ with an external map.
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-L <I>file</I>[+<I>plane</I>]</TT></B> - Extract the fonts for the specified language from the
+ multi-language Unicode font using the map from this file. This is
+ rather like the option `<b>-l</b>' but the encoding map is not
+ compiled into the program, it's taken from that file, so it's
+ easy to edit. Examples of such files are provided in
+ <tt>maps/adobe-standard-encoding.map</tt>, <tt>CP1250.map</tt>. (<b>NOTE:</b>
+ <I>the `standard encoding' map does not include all the glyphs of the
+ AdobeStandard encoding, it's provided only as an example</I>.) The
+ description of the supported map formats is in the file
+ <tt>maps/unicode-sample.map</tt>.
+<p>
+
+ Likewise to `<b>-l</b>', an argument may be specified after the map file
+ name. But in this case the argument has fixed meaning: it selects the
+ plane of the map file. The plane name also gets added after dash to the
+ font name. The plane is a concept used in the Eastern fonts with big
+ number of glyphs: one TTF font gets divided into multiple Type1 fonts,
+ each containing one plane of up to 256 glyphs. But with a little
+ creativity this concept may be used for other purposes of combining
+ multiple translation maps into one file. To extract multiple planes
+ from a TTF font <tt>ttf2pt1</tt> must be run multiple times, each time with
+ a different plane name specified.
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-m <i>type</i>=<i>value</i></TT></B> - Set maximal or minimal limits of resources.
+ These limits control the the font generation by limiting the resources
+ that the font is permitted to require from the PostScript interpreter.
+ The currently supported types of limits are:
+<p>
+
+<blockquote>
+ <TT><B>h</TT></B> - the maximal hint stack depth for the substituted hints.
+ The default value is 128, according to the limitation in X11. This seems to
+ be the lowest (and thus the safest) widespread value. To display the
+ hint stack depth required by each glyph in a <tt>.t1a</tt> file use the script
+ <tt>scripts/cntstems.pl</tt>.
+<p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-O <i>suboptions</i></TT></B> - Outline processing options. The suboptions
+ may be lowercase or uppercase, the lowercase ones disable the features,
+ the corresponding uppercase suboptions enable the same features.
+ The suboptions to disable/enable features are:
+<p>
+
+<blockquote>
+ <TT><B>b/B</TT></B> - Guessing of the ForceBold parameter. This parameter helps
+ the Type1 engine to rasterize the bold fonts properly at small sizes.
+ But the algorithm used to guess the proper value of this flag makes
+ that guess based solely on the font name. In rare cases that may cause
+ errors, in these cases you may want to disable this guessing.
+ <b>Default: enabled</b>
+<p>
+
+ <TT><B>h/H</TT></B> - Autogeneration of hints. The really complex outlines
+ may confuse the algorithm, so theoretically it may be useful
+ sometimes to disable them. Although up to now it seems that
+ even bad hints are better than no hints at all.
+ <b>Default: enabled</b>
+<p>
+
+ <TT><B>u/U</TT></B> - Hint substitution. Hint substitution is a technique
+ permitting generation of more detailed hints for the rasterizer. It allows
+ to use different sets of hints for different parts of a glyph and change
+ these sets as neccessary during rasterization (that's why "substituted").
+ So it should improve the quality of the fonts rendered at small sizes.
+ But there are two catches: First, the X11 library has rather low limit for
+ the font size. More detailed hints increase the file size and thus increase
+ the chance of hitting this limit (that does not mean that you shall hit it
+ but you may if your fonts are particularly big). This is especially
+ probable for Unicode fonts converted with option `<b>-a</b>', so you may want to
+ use `<b>-a</b>' together with `<b>-Ou</b>'. See <A HREF="app/X11/README.html"><tt>app/X11/README</tt></A> for the description of
+ a patch to X11 which fixes this problem. Second, some rasterizers (again,
+ X11 is the typical example) have a limitation for total number of hints
+ used when drawing a glyph (also known as the hint stack depth). If that
+ stack overflows the glyph is ignored. Starting from version 3.22 <tt>ttf2pt1</tt>
+ uses algorithms to minimizing this depth, with the trade-off of slightly
+ bigger font files. The glyphs which still exceed the limit set by option
+ `<b>-mh</b>' have all the substituted hints removed and only base hints left.
+ The algorithms seem to have been refined far enough to make the fonts with
+ substituted hints look better than the fonts without them or at least the
+ same. Still if the original fonts are not well-designed the detailed
+ hinting may emphasize the defects of the design, such as non-even thickness
+ of lines. So provided that you are not afraid of the X11 bug the best idea
+ would be to generate a font with this feature and without it, then compare
+ the results using the program <tt>other/cmpf</tt> (see the description
+ in <A HREF="other/README.html"><tt>other/README</tt></A>) and decide which one looks better.
+ <b>Default: enabled</b>
+<p>
+
+ <TT><B>o/O</TT></B> - Space optimization of the outlines' code. This kind of optimization
+ never hurts, and the only reason to disable this feature is for comparison
+ of the generated fonts with the fonts generated by the previous versions of
+ converter. Well, it _almost_ never hurts. As it turned out there exist
+ some brain-damaged printers which don't understand it. Actually this
+ feature does not change the outlines at all. The Type 1 font manual
+ provides a set of redundant operators that make font description shorter,
+ such as '10 hlineto' instead of '0 10 rlineto' to describe a horizontal
+ line. This feature enables use of these operators.
+ <b>Default: enabled</b>
+<p>
+
+ <TT><B>s/S</TT></B> - Smoothing of outlines. If the font is broken in some
+ way (even the ones that are not easily noticeable), such smoothing
+ may break it further. So disabling this feature is the first thing to be
+ tried if some font looks odd. But with smoothing off the hint generation
+ algorithms may not work properly too.
+ <b>Default: enabled</b>
+<p>
+
+ <TT><B>t/T</TT></B> - Auto-scaling to the 1000x1000 Type1 standard matrix. The
+ TTF fonts are described in terms of an arbitrary matrix up to
+ 4000x4000. The converted fonts must be scaled to conform to
+ the Type1 standard. But the scaling introduces additional rounding
+ errors, so it may be curious sometimes to look at the font in its
+ original scale.
+ <b>Default: enabled</b>
+<p>
+
+ <TT><B>w/W</TT></B> - Glyphs' width corection. This option is designed to be
+ used on broken fonts which specify too narrow widths for the
+ letters. You can tell that a font can benefit from this option
+ if you see that the characters are smashed together without
+ any whitespace between them. This option causes the converter
+ to set the character widths to the actual width of this character
+ plus the width of a typical vertical stem. But on the other hand
+ the well-designed fonts may have characters that look better if
+ their widths are set slightly narrower. Such well-designed fonts
+ will benefit from disabling this feature. You may want to convert
+ a font with and without this feature, compare the results and
+ select the better one. This feature may be used only on proportional
+ fonts, it has no effect on the fixed-width fonts.
+ <b>Default: disabled</b>
+<p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-p <I>parser_name</I></TT></B> - Use the specified front-end parser to read the font file.
+ If this option is not used, ttf2pt1 selects the parser automatically based
+ on the suffix of the font file name, it uses the first parser in its
+ list that supports this font type. Now two parsers are supported:
+<p>
+
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<TT>ttf</TT> - built-in parser for the ttf files (suffix <tt>.ttf</tt>)
+<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;<TT>ft</TT> - parser based on the FreeType-2 library (suffixes <tt>.ttf</tt>,
+ <tt>.otf</tt>, <tt>.pfa</tt>, <tt>.pfb</tt>)
+<p>
+
+ The parser <tt>ft</tt> is <b>NOT</b> linked in by default. See <tt>Makefile</tt>
+ for instructions how to enable it. We do no support this parser on
+ Windows: probably it will work but nobody tried and nobody knows how
+ to build it.
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-u <I>number</I></TT></B> - Mark the font with this value as its
+ UniqueID. The UniqueID is used by the printers with the hard disks
+ to cache the rasterized characters and thus significantly
+ speed-up the printing. Some of those printers just can't
+ store the fonts without UniqueID on their disk.The problem
+ is that the ID is supposed to be unique, as it name says. And
+ there is no easy way to create a guaranteed unique ID. Adobe specifies
+ the range 4000000-4999999 for private IDs but still it's difficult
+ to guarantee the uniqueness within it. So if you don't really need the
+ UniqueID don't use it, it's optional. Luckily there are a few millions of
+ possible IDs, so the chances of collision are rather low.
+ If instead of the number a special value '<tt><b>A</b></tt>' is given
+ then the converter generates the value of UniqueID automatically,
+ as a hash of the font name. (<b>NOTE:</b> <i> in the version 3.22 the
+ algorithm for autogeneration of UniqueID was changed to fit the values
+ into the Adobe-spacified range. This means that if UniqueIDs were used
+ then the printer's cache may need to be flushed before replacing the
+ fonts converted by an old version with fonts converted by a newer version</i>).
+ A simple way to find if any of the fonts in a given directory have
+ duplicated UniqueIDs is to use the command:
+<p>
+
+ <tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;cat *.pf[ab] | grep UniqueID | sort | uniq -c | grep -v ' 1 '</tt>
+<p>
+
+ Or if you use <tt>scripts/convert</tt> it will do that for you automatically
+ plus it will also give the exact list of files with duplicate UIDs.
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-v <I>size</I></TT></B> - Re-scale the font to get the size of a typical uppercase
+ letter somewhere around the specified size. Actually, it re-scales
+ the whole font to get the size of one language-dependent letter to be
+ at least of the specified size. Now this letter is "A" in all the
+ supported languages. The size is specified in the points of the
+ Type 1 coordinate grids, the maximal value is 1000. This is an
+ experimental option and should be used with caution. It tries to
+ increase the visible font size for a given point size and thus make
+ the font more readable. But if overused it may cause the fonts to
+ look out of scale. As of now the interesting values of size for
+ this option seem to be located mostly between 600 and 850. This
+ re-scaling may be quite useful but needs more experience to
+ understand the balance of its effects.
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<TT><B>-W <i>level</i></TT></B> - Select the verbosity level of the warnings.
+ Currently the levels from 0 to 4 are supported. Level 0 means no warnings
+ at all, level 4 means all the possible warnings. The default level is 3.
+ Other levels may be added in the future, so using the level number 99 is
+ recommended to get all the possible warnings. Going below level 2 is
+ not generally recommended because you may miss valuable information about
+ the problems with the fonts being converted.
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<B>Very obsolete option:</B>
+<br>
+ The algorithm that implemented the forced fixed width had major
+ flaws, so it was disabled. The code is still in the program and
+ some day it will be refined and returned back. Meanwhile the
+ option name `<b>-f</b>' was reused for another option. The old version was:
+<br>
+<TT><B>-f</TT></B> - Don't try to force the fixed width of font. Normally the converter
+ considers the fonts in which the glyph width deviates by not more
+ than 5% as buggy fixed width fonts and forces them to have really
+ fixed width. If this is undesirable, it can be disabled by this option.
+<p>
+<!-- ==back >
+
+The <tt>.pfa</tt> font format supposes that the description of the characters
+is binary encoded and encrypted. This converter does not encode or
+encrypt the data by default, you have to specify the option `<b>-e</b>'
+or use the <tt>t1asm</tt> program to assemble (that means, encode and
+encrypt) the font program. The <tt>t1asm</tt> program that is included with
+the converter is actually a part of the <tt>t1utils</tt> package, rather old
+version of which may be obtained from
+<p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<A HREF="http://ttf2pt1.sourceforge.net/t1utils.tar.gz">
+ http://ttf2pt1.sourceforge.net/t1utils.tar.gz
+</A>
+</blockquote>
+<p>
+
+Note that <tt>t1asm</tt> from the old version of that package won't work properly
+with the files generated by <tt>ttf2pt1</tt> version 3.20 and later. Please use
+<tt>t1asm</tt> packaged with <tt>ttf2pt1</tt> or from the new version <tt>t1utils</tt>
+instead. For a newer version of <tt>t1utils</tt> please look at
+<p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<A HREF="http://www.lcdf.org/~eddietwo/type/">
+ http://www.lcdf.org/~eddietwo/type/
+</A>
+</blockquote>
+<p>
+<!-- =stop >
+
+<!-- =section t1 EXAMPLES >
+So, the following command lines:
+<p>
+
+<blockquote>
+ <tt>ttf2pt1 -e ttffont.ttf t1font</tt>
+<br>
+ <tt>ttf2pt1 ttffont.ttf - | t1asm &gt;t1font.pfa</tt>
+</blockquote>
+<p>
+
+represent two ways to get a working font. The benefit of the second form
+is that other filters may be applied to the font between the converter
+and assembler.
+<p>
+<!-- =stop >
+
+<H4>
+Installation and deinstallation of the converter
+</H4>
+<!
+------------------------------------------------
+>
+
+The converter may be easily installed systemwide with
+
+<blockquote>
+ <tt>make install</tt>
+</blockquote>
+
+and uninstalled with
+
+<blockquote>
+ <tt>make uninstall</tt>
+</blockquote>
+
+By default the <tt>Makefile</tt> is configured to install in the hierarchy
+of directory <tt>/usr/local</tt>. This destination directory as well as
+the structure of the hierarchy may be changed by editing the <tt>Makefile</tt>.
+
+<H4>
+Installation of the fonts
+</H4>
+<!
+-------------------------
+>
+
+Running the converter manually becomes somewhat boring if it has to
+be applied to a few hundreds of fonts and then you have to generate the
+<tt>fonts.scale</tt> and/or <tt>Fontmap</tt> files. The <A HREF="FONTS.html"><tt>FONTS</tt></A> file describes how to use
+the supplied scripts to handle such cases easily. It also discusses
+the installation of the fonts for a few widespread programs.
+<p>
+
+<H4>
+Other utilities
+</H4>
+<!
+---------------
+>
+
+A few other small interesting programs that allow a cloase look at
+the fonts are located in the subdirectory `<tt>other</tt>'. They
+are described shortly in <A HREF="other/README.html">others/README</a>.
+<p>
+
+<H4>
+Optional packages
+</H4>
+<!
+-----------------
+>
+
+Some auxiliary files are not needed by everyone and are big enough that
+moving them to a separate package speeds up the downloads of the main
+package significantly. As of now we have one such optional package:
+<p>
+
+&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>ttf2pt1-chinese</b> - contains the Chinese conversion maps
+<p>
+
+The general versioning policy for the optional packages is the following:
+These packages may have no direct dependency on the ttf2pt1 version.
+But they may be updated in future, as well as some versions of optional
+packages may have dependencies on certain versions of ttf2pt1.
+To avoid unneccessary extra releases on one hand and keep the updates in
+sync with the ttf2pt1 itself on the other hand, a new version of an optional
+package will be released only if there are any changes to it and it will be
+given the same version number as ttf2pt1 released at the same time. So not
+every release of ttf2pt1 would have a corresponding release of all optional
+packages. For example, to get the correct version of optional packages for an
+imaginary release 8.3.4 of ttf2pt1 you would need to look for optional
+packages of the highest version not higher than (but possibly equal to) 8.3.4.
+<p>
+
+<H4>
+TO DO:
+</H4>
+<!
+------
+>
+
+<ul>
+<li> Improve hinting.
+<li> Implement the family-level hints.
+<li> Handle the composite glyphs with relative base points.
+<li> Preserve the relative width of stems during scaling to 1000x1000 matrix.
+<li> Write the man pages.
+<li> Write a BDF front-end.
+<li> Write a TTC-to-Type1 front-end (for TTF-like bitmapped fonts).
+<li> Implement better support of Asian encodings.
+<li> Implement automatic creation of ligatures.
+</ul>
+
+<H4>
+TROUBLESHOOTING AND BUG REPORTS
+</H4>
+<!
+-------------------------------
+>
+<!-- =section t1 BUGS >
+<!-- ==head2 Troubleshooting and bug reports >
+
+Have problems with conversion of some font ? The converter dumps core ? Or your
+printer refuses to understand the converted fonts ? Or some characters are
+missing ? Or some characters look strange ?
+<p>
+
+Send the bug reports to the ttf2pt1 development mailing list at
+<A HREF="mailto:ttf2pt1-devel@lists.sourceforge.net">ttf2pt1-devel@lists.sourceforge.net</A>.
+<p>
+
+Try to collect more information about the problem and include it into
+the bug report. (Of course, even better if you would provide a ready
+fix, but just a detailed bug report is also good). Provide detailed
+information about your problem, this will speed up the response greatly.
+Don't just write "this font looks strange after conversion" but describe
+what's exactly wrong with it: for example, what characters look wrong
+and what exactly is wrong about their look. Providing a link to the
+original font file would be also a good idea. Try to do a little
+troublehooting and report its result. This not only would help with
+the fix but may also give you a temporary work-around for the bug.
+<p>
+
+First, enable full warnings with option `<b>-W99</b>', save them to
+a file and read carefully. Sometimes the prolem is with a not implemented
+feature which is reported in the warnings. Still, reporting about such
+problems may be a good idea: some features were missed to cut corners,
+in hope that no real font is using them. So a report about a font using
+such a feature may motivate someone to implement it. Of course, you
+may be the most motivated person: after all, you are the one wishing
+to convert that font. ;-) Seriously, the philosophy "scrath your own itch"
+seems to be the strongest moving force behind the Open Source software.
+<p>
+
+The next step is playing with the options. This serves a dual purpose:
+on one hand, it helps to localize the bug, on the other hand you may be
+able to get a working version of the font for the meantime while the
+bug is being fixed. The typical options to try out are: first `<b>-Ou</b>', if
+it does not help then `<b>-Os</b>', then `<b>-Oh</b>', then `<b>-Oo</b>'.
+They are described in a bit more detail above. Try them one by one
+and in combinations. See if with them the resulting fonts look better.
+<p>
+
+On some fonts ttf2pt1 just crashes. Commonly that happens because the
+font being converted is highly defective (although sometimes the bug
+is in ttf2pt1 itself). In any case it should not crash, so the reports
+about such cases will help to handle these defects properly in future.
+<p>
+
+We try to respond to the bug reports in a timely fashion but alas, this
+may not always be possible, especially if the problem is complex.
+This is a volunteer project and its resources are limited. Because
+of this we would appreciate bug reports as detailed as possible,
+and we would appreciate the ready fixes and contributions even more.
+<p>
+<!-- =stop >
+<!-- =section t1 FILES >
+<!-- ==over 2 >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<!-- =text TTF2PT1_LIBXDIR/t1asm >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<!-- =text TTF2PT1_SHAREDIR/* >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<!-- =text TTF2PT1_SHAREDIR/scripts/* >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<!-- =text TTF2PT1_SHAREDIR/other/* >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<!-- =text TTF2PT1_SHAREDIR/README >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<!-- =text TTF2PT1_SHAREDIR/FONTS >
+<!-- ==back >
+<!-- =stop >
+
+<H4>
+CONTACTS
+</H4>
+<!
+--------
+>
+<!-- =section t1 SEE ALSO >
+<!-- ==over 4 >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<!-- =text L&lt;ttf2pt1_convert(1)&gt; >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<!-- =text L&lt;ttf2pt1_x2gs(1)&gt; >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<!-- =text L&lt;t1asm(1)&gt; >
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<A HREF="http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/ttf2pt1-announce">
+ttf2pt1-announce@lists.sourceforge.net
+</A><br>
+ The mailing list with announcements about ttf2pt1. It is a moderated mailing
+ with extremely low traffic. Everyone is encouraged to subscribe to keep in
+ touch with the current status of project. To subscribe use the Web interface
+ at <A HREF="http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/ttf2pt1-announce">http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/ttf2pt1-announce</A>.
+ If you have only e-mail access to the Net then send a subscribe request to
+ the development mailing list ttf2pt1-devel@lists.sourceforge.net and somebody
+ will help you with subscription.
+<p>
+
+<!-- ==item * >
+<A HREF="mailto:ttf2pt1-devel@lists.sourceforge.net">
+ttf2pt1-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
+</A><br>
+<A HREF="mailto:ttf2pt1-users@lists.sourceforge.net">
+ttf2pt1-users@lists.sourceforge.net
+</A><br>
+ The ttf2pt1 mailing lists for development and users issues. They have not
+ that much traffic either. To subscribe use the Web interface at
+ <A HREF="http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/ttf2pt1-devel">http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/ttf2pt1-devel</A>
+ and <A HREF="http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/ttf2pt1-users">http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/ttf2pt1-users</A>.
+ If you have only e-mail access to the Net then send a subscribe request to
+ the development mailing list ttf2pt1-devel@lists.sourceforge.net and somebody
+ will help you with subscription.
+<p>
+
+<!-- =stop >
+<A HREF="mailto:mheath@netspace.net.au">
+mheath@netspace.net.au
+</A><br>
+ Mark Heath
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="mailto:A.Weeks@mcc.ac.uk">
+A.Weeks@mcc.ac.uk
+</A><br>
+ Andrew Weeks
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="mailto:babkin@users.sourceforge.net">
+babkin@users.sourceforge.net</A> (preferred)<br>
+<A HREF="mailto:sab123@hotmail.com">
+sab123@hotmail.com
+</A><br>
+ Sergey Babkin
+<p>
+
+<H4>
+SEE ALSO
+</H4>
+<!
+--------
+>
+
+<!-- =section t1 SEE ALSO >
+<!-- ==item * >
+<A HREF="http://ttf2pt1.sourceforge.net">
+http://ttf2pt1.sourceforge.net
+</A><br>
+<A HREF="http://www.netspace.net.au/~mheath/ttf2pt1/">
+http://www.netspace.net.au/~mheath/ttf2pt1/
+</A><br>
+ The primary copies of the main page of the project.
+<p>
+<!-- ==back >
+<!-- =stop >
+
+<A HREF="http://www.lcdf.org/~eddietwo/type/">
+http://www.lcdf.org/~eddietwo/type/
+</a><br>
+ The home page of the Type 1 utilities package.
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://www.rightbrain.com/pages/books.html">
+http://www.rightbrain.com/pages/books.html
+</a><br>
+ The first book about PostScript on the Web, "Thinking in PostScript".
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://fonts.apple.com/TTRefMan/index.html">
+http://fonts.apple.com/TTRefMan/index.html
+</a><br>
+ The True Type reference manual.
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/PLRM.pdf">
+http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/PLRM.pdf
+</a><br>
+ Adobe PostScript reference manual.
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/T1_SPEC.PDF">
+http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/T1_SPEC.PDF
+</a><br>
+ Specification of the Type 1 font format.
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5015.Type1_Supp.pdf">
+http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5015.Type1_Supp.pdf
+</a><br>
+ The Type 1 font format supplement.
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5004.AFM_Spec.pdf">
+http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5004.AFM_Spec.pdf
+</A><BR>
+ Specification of the Adobe font metrics file format.
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://www.cs.wpi.edu/~matt/courses/cs563/talks/surface/bez_surf.html">
+http://www.cs.wpi.edu/~matt/courses/cs563/talks/surface/bez_surf.html
+</A><BR>
+<A HREF="http://www.cs.wpi.edu/~matt/courses/cs563/talks/curves.html">
+http://www.cs.wpi.edu/~matt/courses/cs563/talks/curves.html
+</A><BR>
+ Information about the Bezier curves.
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://www.neuroinformatik.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/ini/PEOPLE/rmz/t1lib/t1lib.html">
+http://www.neuroinformatik.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/ini/PEOPLE/rmz/t1lib/t1lib.html
+</A><br>
+ A stand-alone library supporting the Type1 fonts. Is neccessary
+ to compile the programs <tt>other/cmpf</tt> and <tt>other/dmpf</tt>.
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://www.freetype.org">
+http://www.freetype.org
+</A><br>
+ A library supporting the TTF fonts. Also many useful TTF programs
+ are included with it.
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://heliotrope.homestead.com/files/printsoft.html">
+http://heliotrope.homestead.com/files/printsoft.html
+</A><br>
+ Moses Gold's collection of links to printing software.
+<p>
+
+<A HREF="http://linuxartist.org/fonts/">
+http://linuxartist.org/fonts/
+</A><br>
+ Collection of font-related links.
+<p>
+
+<HR>
+<HR>
+<!
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+>
+
+Following is the Readme of <tt>ttf2pfa</tt> (true type to type 3 font converter) It
+covers other issues regarding the use of this software. Please note that
+although <tt>ttf2pfa</tt> is a public domain software, <tt>ttf2pt1</tt>
+is instead covered by an Open Source license. See the <tt>COPYRIGHT</tt>
+file for details.
+<p>
+
+Please note also that <tt>ttf2pfa</tt> has not been maintained for a long time.
+All of its functionality has been integrated into <tt>ttf2pt1</tt> and all the
+development moved to <tt>ttf2pt1</tt>, including Andrew Weeks, the author of
+<tt>ttf2pfa</tt>. <tt>Ttf2pfa</tt> is provided for historical reasons only. Please use
+<tt>ttf2pt1</tt> instead.
+
+<HR>
+<!
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+>
+
+<H3>
+True Type to Postscript Font converter
+</H3>
+<!
+--------------------------------------
+>
+
+My mind is still reeling from the discovery that I was able to write
+this program. What it does is it reads a Microsoft TrueType font and
+creates a Postscript font. '<I>_A_</I> postscript font', that is, not necessarily
+the same font, you understand, but a fair imitation.
+<p>
+
+Run it like this:
+<p>
+
+<blockquote><tt>
+ ttf2pfa fontfile.ttf fontname
+</tt></blockquote>
+<p>
+
+The first parameter is the truetype filename, the second is a stem for
+the output file names. The program will create a <tt>fontname.pfa</tt> containing
+the Postscript font and a <tt>fontname.afm</tt> containing the metrics.
+<p>
+
+The motivation behind this is that in Linux if you do not have a
+Postscript printer, but only some other printer, you can only print
+Postscript by using Ghostscript. But the fonts that come with
+Ghostscript are very poor (they are converted from bitmaps and look
+rather lumpy). This is rather frustrating as the PC running Linux
+probably has MS-Windows as well and will therefore have truetype fonts,
+but which are quite useless with Linux, X or Ghostscript.
+<p>
+
+The program has been tested on over a hundred different TrueType fonts
+from various sources, and seems to work fairly well. The converted
+characters look OK, and the program doesn't seem to crash any more. I'm
+not sure about the AFM files though, as I have no means to test them.
+<p>
+
+The fonts generated will not work with X, as the font rasterizer that
+comes with X only copes with Type 1 fonts. If I have the time I may
+modify ttf2pfa to generate Type 1s.
+<p>
+
+<H4>
+Copyright issues
+</H4>
+<!
+----------------
+>
+
+I am putting this program into the public domain, so don't bother
+sending me any money, I'd only have to declare it for income tax.
+<p>
+
+Copyright on fonts, however, is a difficult legal question. Any
+copyright statements found in a font will be preserved in the output.
+Whether you are entitled to translate them at all I don't know.
+<p>
+
+If you have a license to run a software package, like say MS-Windows, on
+your PC, then you probably have a right to use any part of it, including
+fonts, on that PC, even if not using that package for its intended
+purpose.
+<p>
+
+I am not a lawyer, however, so this is not a legal opinion, and may be
+garbage.
+<p>
+
+There shouldn't be a any problem with public domain fonts.
+<p>
+
+<H4>
+About the Program
+</H4>
+<!
+-----------------
+>
+
+It was written in C on a IBM PC running Linux.
+<p>
+
+The TrueType format was originally developed by Apple for the MAC, which
+has opposite endianness to the PC, so to ensure compatibility 16 and 32
+bit fields are the wrong way round from the PC's point of view. This is
+the reason for all the 'ntohs' and 'ntohl' calls. Doing it this way
+means the program will also work on big-endian machines like Suns.
+<p>
+
+I doubt whether it will work on a DOS-based PC though.
+<p>
+
+The program produces what technically are Type 3 rather than Type 1
+fonts. They are not compressed or encrypted and are plain text. This is
+so I (and you) can see what's going on, and (if you're a Postscript guru
+and really want to) can alter the outlines.
+<p>
+
+I only translate the outlines, not the 'instructions' that come with
+them. This latter task is probably virtually impossible anyway. TrueType
+outlines are B-splines rather than the Bezier curves that Postscript
+uses. I believe that my conversion algorithm is reasonably correct, if
+nothing else because the characters look right.
+<p>
+
+<H4>
+Problems that may occur
+</H4>
+<!
+-----------------------
+>
+
+Most seriously, very complex characters (with lots of outline segments)
+can make Ghostscript releases 2.x.x fail with a 'limitcheck' error. It
+is possible that this may happen with some older Postscript printers as
+well. Such characters will be flagged by the program and there are
+basically two things you can do. First is to edit the <tt>.pfa</tt> file to
+simplify or remove the offending character. This is not really
+recommended. The second is to use Ghostscript release 3, if you can get
+it. This has much larger limits and does not seem to have any problems
+with complex characters.
+<p>
+
+Then there are buggy fonts (yes, a font can have bugs). I try to deal
+with these in as sane a manner as possible, but it's not always
+possible.
+<p>
+
+<H4>
+Encodings
+</H4>
+<!
+---------
+>
+
+A postscript font must have a 256 element array, called an encoding,
+each element of which is a name, which is also the name of a procedure
+contained within the font. The 'BuildChar' command takes a byte and uses
+it to index the encoding array to find a character name, and then looks
+that up in the font's procedure table find the commands to draw the
+glyph. However, not all characters need be in the encoding array. Those
+that are not cannot be drawn (at least not using 'show'), however it is
+possible to 're-encode' the font to enable these characters. There are
+several standard encodings: Adobe's original, ISO-Latin1 and Symbol
+being the most commonly encountered.
+<p>
+
+TrueType fonts are organised differently. As well as the glyph
+descriptions there are a number of tables. One of these is a mapping
+from a character set into the glyph array, and another is a mapping from
+the glyph array into a set of Postscript character names. The problems
+are:
+<p>
+ 1) Microsoft uses Unicode, a 16-bit system, to encode the font.
+<br>
+ 2) that more than one glyph is given the same Postscript name.
+<p>
+
+I deal with (1) by assuming a Latin1 encoding. The MS-Windows and
+Unicode character sets are both supersets of ISO-8859-1. This usually
+means that most characters will be properly encoded, but you should be
+warned that some software may assume that fonts have an Adobe encoding.
+Symbol, or Dingbat, fonts are in fact less of a problem, as they have
+private encodings starting at 0xF000. It is easy to just lose the top
+byte.
+<p>
+
+Postscript fonts can be re-encoded, either manually, or by software.
+Groff, for example, generates postscript that re-encodes fonts with the
+Adobe encoding. The problem here is that not all characters in the Adobe
+set are in the MS-Windows set. In particular there are no fi and fl
+ligatures. This means that conversions of the versions of
+Times-New-Roman and Arial that come with MS-Windows cannot be used
+blindly as replacements for Adobe Times-Roman and Helvetica. You can get
+expanded versions of MS fonts from Microsoft's web site which do contain
+these ligatures (and a lot else besides).
+<p>
+
+I deal with (2) by creating new character names. This can be error-prone
+because I do not know which of them is the correct glyph to give the
+name to. Some (buggy) fonts have large numbers of blank glyphs, all with
+the same name.
+<p>
+
+(almost every TrueType font has three glyphs called <tt>.notdef</tt>, one of them
+is usually an empty square shape, one has no outline and has zero width,
+and one has no outline and a positive width. This example is not really
+a problem with well formed fonts since the <tt>.notdef</tt> characters are only
+used for unprintable characters, which shouldn't occur in your documents
+anyway).
+<p>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>